Copy of Age of Absolutism Project

King Philip II Of SpainBy Caroline Bae, Lauren Beshaw, Claire Kim, Frances Marino, and Ethan Zhang



This is King Philip II. What an attractive guy.(I mean, c’mon, how do you think he got so many ladies) (Fun fact: He ended up with four of them)

Growing Up….-Philip was born on May 21, 1527 in Valladolid-Born to Charles V and Isabella of Portugal.His father never failed to emphasize two valuesthat would remain with Philip for life: -the importance of his role to God -to be cautious in trusting advisors

Palace of Valladolid

King Philip was the king of Spain from 1556 until his death on September 13, 1598. BUT THAT WASN’T ALL! He was ALSO the- King of Naples from 1554-1598- King Consort of England from 1554-1558 as husband of Mary I (Bloody Mary)- Lord of Seventeen Provinces 1556-1581- King of Portugal and the Algarves from 1580-1589- King of Chile 1554-1556



Now here’s the question: HOW did he become king of so many regions? Through his marriages. His first marriage: - First marriage was with his beloved cousin, Princess Maria of Portugal - Married in 1543, but it ended in 1545, when Maria died 4 days after giving birth His second marriage: - Married his first cousin once removed - Queen Mary I of England, in 1554 - However, he viewed it as a political affair, but she did not - King Consort until Mary’s death in 1558 His third marriage: - To Princess Elisabeth of Valois of France in 1559 - Helped end a 60 year war because she was King Henry II’s daughter - They would have two children, Isabella Clara Eugenia and Caterina Michaela His fourth marriage: - His niece, Anne of Austria, in 1570 (who was 22 years younger than he was!) - Together they would have five kids, but only two would survive to adulthood

But, marriages didn’t give Philip all of his territories….-became king of Spain when fatherabdicated the throne, ending theHoly Roman empire.-inherited control of Spain, as wellas the Netherlands and parts ofItaly.

Life During Philip’s Reign- Ruled during the Golden Age in Spain, and therefore saw a growth in art, music, and literature- Philip had a bad reputation and was usually misunderstood- He had bad habits, which only fueled his reputation, and caused him to be very secluded; kept all his ideas to himself- Protestants who were not happy about his actions would spread degrading rumors about him- Phillip’s empire was the largest at the time which included the New World to the Philippines- Early on, Phillip was able to raise trade in the empire but this led to inflation and debt- Eventually, due to his bad reputation, a revolution rose up in the Netherlands and caused the loss of those territories



Politics Under Philip II - Throughout his reign, Philip tried to help Spain but his methods were slow and not effective - Created factional divisions of the Spanish court, which was damaging to the government - Because his father had emphasized importance of God to Philip, his rule was religiously influenced - Used his political power to enforce Catholicism in an almost tyrannic fashion, and was a part of the Catholic reformation - His religious mindset would cause him to be involved with numerous foreign conflicts surrounding Catholicism, which would lead to tensions with countries like England and France - Often defended his political actions when he was critiqued and claimed it was God’s deed - Supported literature and led Spain to a literary golden age- Philip never left Madrid despite the fact that his people wanted him to



Spanish Armada : 1588Motives - As a devout Catholic, Philip was angered by Queen Elizabeth 1’s successful rule in Protestant England - Believed it was his duty to bring England under his Catholic reign and be governed by a male leader - Since Philip reigned during Spain’s Golden Age, he had money to spend for his fleetsThe Armada - Spent large amounts of money to build a fleet to attack the British - British had the strongest naval fleet at the time, and was able to demolish Spanish fleet - Queen Elizabeth humiliated him with this failureAftermath - Did not have enough money to rebuild costly fleet - Had to tax the Spanish citizens to rebuild the economy - Caused bankruptcy and economic troubles, which would lead to an economic decline in Spain for ten years until Philip’s death in 1598



Economics Duringthe Rule of Philip II - Ruled during Spanish golden age - Considered high point of Spanish literature - Evidence of political, religious, and Renaissance influence - Notable works of the time include Don Quixote - Due to Spanish Armada and its failure, he will bring upon a 10 year period of depression and bankruptcy, which will last from 1588-1598



Religion and Philip- Very devout Catholic- Father put a strong emphasis on religion and God, and Philip’s role to God- Will start English conflict in the name of Catholicism - Will also cause problems with the Dutch due to strong religious tendencies



Philip II and the Netherlands-At the start of Philip’s rule, the Netherlandswere under his control-However, relationship was very tense- heavytaxation and religious differences -Spain was Catholic, Netherlands had Protestants -Tried to suppress Calvinism in Netherlands, but failed, causing rebellion-Eighty Years War: War between Spain andNetherlands for Netherlands independence -From 1568 to 1648 -By 1610, republic called United Provinces had been formed; Belgium remains under Spanish control-Dutch were aided by France and England(religious motivations and opposition to expandingempire)



Misunderstood? The Story Behind King Philip II’s Reputation- Philip II has bad reputation- “black legend”- Originated from Protestants who fiercely opposed him- associated with Inquisition, Catholicism- much tension- In reality, perhaps he was a little misunderstood…. - Philip II was an extremely devout and religious man - Kept to himself, so biographical information limited- reason for bad reputation circulating? - Also, he did rule the world’s largest empire at the time



Works CitedBritannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. “Eighty Years' War.” Encyclopædia Britannica, EncyclopædiaBritannica, Inc., 29 Feb. 2016, www.britannica.com/event/Eighty-Years-War.Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. “Golden Age.” Encyclopædia Britannica, EncyclopædiaBritannica, Inc., 12 June 2017, www.britannica.com/art/Golden-Age-Spanish-literature.“Crown of the Kingdom of Greece.” Wikimedia Commons, Wikimedia Commons, 5 Apr. 2014,commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Crown_of_the_Kingdom_of_Greece.svg.“Jesus On The Cross.” PlusPNG, PlusPNG, 2018, pluspng.com/png-jesus-on-the-cross-3943.html.Koenigsberger, Helmut Georg. “Philip II.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 17May 2018, www.britannica.com/biography/Philip-II-king-of-Spain-and-Portugal.“Philip II of Spain.” Jama Masjid, Delhi - New World Encyclopedia, New World Encyclopedia, 25 Apr.2015, 22:20, www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Philip_II_of_Spain.Phillips, Carla Rahn, and William D. Phillips, Jr. \"Spanish Armada.\" World Book Student, World Book,2018, www.worldbookonline.com/student/article?id=ar522940. Accessed 24 May 2018.\"Spanish empire: Good King Philip?\" The Economist, 12 Dec. 1998, p. 88. World History In Context,http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A53432983/WHIC?u=nysl_ca_shakerhs&sid=WHIC&xid=c2a0afe8.Accessed 24 May 2018.