Evaluation of Isotopic Abundance Ratio in Biofield Energy Treated Nitrophenol Derivatives Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

American Journal of Chemical Engineering2016; 4(3): 68-77http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ajchedoi: 10.11648/j.ajche.20160403.11ISSN: 2330-8605 (Print); ISSN: 2330-8613 (Online)Evaluation of Isotopic Abundance Ratio in Biofield EnergyTreated Nitrophenol Derivatives Using GasChromatography-Mass SpectrometryMahendra Kumar Trivedi1, Alice Branton1, Dahryn Trivedi1, Gopal Nayak1, Kalyan Kumar Sethi2,Snehasis Jana2, *1Trivedi Global Inc., Henderson, USA2Trivedi Science Research Laboratory Pvt. Ltd., Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, IndiaEmail address:[email protected] (S. Jana)*Corresponding AuthorTo cite this article:Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Kalyan Kumar Sethi, Snehasis Jana. Evaluation of IsotopicAbundance Ratio in Biofield Energy Treated Nitrophenol Derivatives Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. American Journal ofChemical Engineering. Vol. 4, No. 3, 2016, pp. 68-77. doi: 10.11648/j.ajche.20160403.11Received: May 10, 2016; Accepted: June 16, 2016; Published: July 15, 2016Abstract: Nitrophenols are the synthetic organic chemicals used for the preparation of synthetic intermediates,organophosphorus pesticides, and pharmaceuticals. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of biofield energytreatment on the isotopic abundance ratios of PM+1/PM, and PM+2/PM in o- and m-nitrophenol using the gas chromatography-massspectrometry. The o- and m-nitrophenol were divided into two parts - one part was control sample, and another part wasconsidered as biofield energy treated sample, which received Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment (The Trivedi Effect®). Thebiofield energy treated nitrophenols having analyzed at different time intervals were designated as T1, T2, T3, and T4. The GC-MS analysis of both the control and biofield treated samples indicated the presence of the parent molecular ion peak of o- and m-nitrophenol (C6H5NO3+) at m/z 139 along with major fragmentation peaks at m/z 122, 109, 93, 81, 65, and 39. The relative peakintensities of the fragmented ions in the biofield treated o- and m-nitrophenol were notably changed as compared to the controlsample with respect to the time. The isotopic abundance ratio analysis using GC-MS revealed that the isotopic abundance ratio ofPM+1/PM in the biofield energy treated o-nitrophenol at T2 and T3 was significantly increased by 14.48 and 86.49%, respectivelyas compared to the control sample. Consequently, the isotopic abundance ratio of PM+2/PM in the biofield energy treated sample atT2 and T3 was increased by 11.36, and 82.95%, respectively as compared to the control sample. Similarly, in m-nitrophenol, theisotopic abundance ratio of PM+1/PM in the biofield energy treated sample at T1, T3, and T4 was increased by 5.82, 5.09, and6.40%, respectively as compared to the control sample. Subsequently, the isotopic abundance ratio of PM+2/PM at T1, T2, T3 andT4 in the biofield energy treated m-nitrophenol was increased by 6.33, 3.80, 16.46, and 16.46%, respectively as compared to thecontrol sample. Overall, the isotopic abundance ratios of PM+1/PM (2H/1H or 13C/12C or 15N/14N or 17O/16O), and PM+2/PM (18O/16O)were altered in the biofield energy treated o- and m-nitrophenol as compared to the control increased in most of the cases. Thebiofield treated o- and m-nitrophenol that have improved isotopic abundance ratios might have altered the physicochemicalproperties and could be useful in pharmaceutical and chemical industries as an intermediate in the manufacturing ofpharmaceuticals and other useful chemicals for the industrial application.Keywords: Biofield Energy Treatment, the Trivedi Effect®, o-Nitrophenol, m-Nitrophenol, Isotopic Abundance, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry1. Introduction isomers are water-soluble solids and are manufactured chemicals that do not occur naturally in the environment. The Ortho- and meta-nitrophenol (o- and m-nitrophenol) nitrophenol compounds have huge applications and a widely known group of industrial chemicals today. Nitrophenols are

69 Mahendra Kumar Trivedi et al.: Evaluation of Isotopic Abundance Ratio in Biofield Energy Treated Nitrophenol Derivatives Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometryused as intermediates in the synthesis of some 2. Materials and Methodorganophosphorus pesticides and pharmaceuticals, i.e.fungicides [1-3]. o-Nitrophenol is a light yellow solid with a 2.1. Chemicals and Reagentspeculiar sweet smell used in medicine, rubber auxiliaries,dye, reaction intermediate, and indicator of single colour pH o-Nitrophenol and m-nitrophenol were procured fromvalue [2, 3]. In spite of many applications o- and m- Loba Chemie Pvt. Ltd., India. All the other chemicals used innitrophenol, these compounds have many disadvantages. this experiment were analytical grade purchased from theReleases into the environment are primarily by hydrolytic local vendors.and photolytic degradation of the respective pesticides andcaused by the dry and wet deposition of airborne nitrophenol 2.2. Biofield Energy Treatment Strategiesfrom the atmosphere [1]. Experiment on mice revealedclinical signs following oral exposure were unspecific and o-Nitrophenol and m-nitrophenol were divided into twoincluded dyspnoea, staggering, trembling, somnolence, parts; one was kept as a control (un-treated) while anotherapathy, and cramps [4, 5]. Over the last several years, part was subjected to biofield energy treatment and coded asnumerous articles and books have specifically addressed the treated sample. The treatment groups in sealed pack weretoxicity and mutagenicity of o- and m-nitrophenol [6-9]. handed over to Mr. Trivedi for biofield treatment underTherefore, it is a very important challenge with respect to standard laboratory condition. Mr. Trivedi provided thescientific concern to check the toxicity and hazardous effect biofield energy treatment through his unique energyof o- and m-nitrophenol by means of physicochemical, transmission process approximately for 5 minutes withoutthermal, and structural modification. touching the samples. The biofield treated samples were returned in similar sealed condition for further analysis. The introduction of heavier stable isotopes to a moleculemight be an alternative approach for physicochemical, 2.3. Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)thermal, and structural modification of o- and m-nitrophenol.The stable isotopic ratio analysis widely used in several GC-MS analysis was conducted on Perkin Elmer/Autofields such as geographical, agricultural, food authenticity, system XL with Turbo mass, USA. The GC-MS wasbiochemistry, metabolism, medical research, and sports, etc. accomplished in a silica capillary column. It was furnished[10-14]. The isotopic abundance of a molecule can be altered with a quadrupole detector with pre-filter. The massby means of chemical reactions [11, 15]. Mr. Trivedi’s spectrometer was functioned in an electron ionization (EI)biofield energy treatment has the remarkable capability to +ve/-ve, and chemical ionization mode at 70 eV. Mass range:alter the isotopic abundance ratios of various compounds [16- 10-650 Daltons (amu), stability: ± 0.1 m/z mass accuracy20]. For e.g. the isotopic abundance ratio of PM+1/PM (13C/12C over 48 hours. The characterization was performed by theor 2H/1H or 15N/14N) in 4-bromoaniline was increased after comparison of retention time and the mass spectra ofbiofield energy treatment up to 368.3% [18]. The isotopic identified substances with references.abundance ratio of PM+2/PM (18O/16O or 37Cl/35Cl) in biofieldtreated 2,4-dichlorophenol was increased by 40.57%, 2.4. Methods of GC-MS Analysis and Calculation ofrespectively [20]. Biofield energy is an electromagnetic field Isotopic Abundance Ratioexisted in an around the human body [21-23]. The energy canbe harnessed from the universe and then, it can be applied by The GC-MS analysis of biofield treated o-nitrophenol andthe healing practitioner on living or non-living objects to m-nitrophenol were analyzed at the different time intervalsachieve the alterations in the characteristic properties. The designated as T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively. The massapplications of The Trivedi Effect® have gained significantly spectra were obtained in the form of % abundance vs. mass toscientific attention in the field of materials science [24-31], charge ratio (m/z). The natural abundance of each isotope canagriculture [32-34], biotechnology [35-37], pharmaceuticals be predicted from the comparison of the height of the isotope[38-40], and medical sciences [41, 42]. peak with respect to the base peak. The values of the natural isotopic abundance of the common elements are obtained The choice for the isotope ratio analysis is the mass from several literatures [43-46] and presented in Table 1.spectrometry (MS) technique [43]. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) can perform isotope ratio Table 1. The isotopic composition (the natural isotopic abundance) of themeasurement at low micro molar concentration levels [43- elements.46]. Recently, it has been reported that Mr. Trivedi’s biofieldenergy treatment (The Trivedi Effect®) has the amazing Element (A) Symbol Mass % Natural A+1 A+2capability to alter the physicochemical and thermal properties Abundance Factor Factorof nitrophenol such as crystallite size, particle size and Hydrogen 1H 1 99.9885 0.015nHthermal stability that might affect the rate of chemical Carbon 2H 2 0.0115 1.1nC 0.20nOreaction [24]. Based on all these aspects, the current study Oxygen 12C 12 98.892 0.04nOwas designed to investigate the isotopic abundance ratios of Nitrogen 13C 13 1.108PM+1/PM and PM+2/PM in the biofield energy treated o- and m- 16O 16 99.762 0.40nNnitrophenol using the GC-MS technique. 17O 17 0.038 18O 18 0.200 14N 14 99.60 15N 15 0.40

American Journal of Chemical Engineering 2016; 4(3): 68-77 70Element (A) Symbol Mass % Natural A+1 A+2 3. Results and Discussion Abundance Factor Factor 75.78 The mass spectra obtained by the GC-MS analysis for theChlorine 35Cl 35 24.22 32.50nCl 37Cl 37 control and biofield energy treated o- and m-nitrophenolA: Element; n: no of H, C, O, Cl, etc. (C6H5NO3) in the positive-ion mode are shown in Figure 1-4. Figure 1 indicated the presence of the parent molecular ion The following method was used for calculating the peak of control o-nitrophenol at m/z 139 (calculated 139.03isotopic abundance ratio: for C6H5NO3+) at the retention time (Rt) of 9.87 min along with six major fragmented peaks that were well matched with PM stands for the relative peak intensity of the parentmolecular ion [M+] expressed in percentage. In other way, it the literature [47, 48]. The major fragmentation peaks at m/zindicates the probability to have A element (for e.g. 12C, 1H,16O, 14N, etc.) contributions to the mass of the parent 122, 109, 93, 81, 65, and 39 were due to the fragmentation ofmolecular ion [M+]. o-nitrophenol into C6H4NO2+, C6H5O2+, C6H5O+, C6H9+, C5H5+, and C3H3..+, respectively. The biofield energy treated PM+1 represents the relative peak intensity of the isotopic o-nitrophenol at T1, T2, T3, and T4 exhibited the parentmolecular ion [(M+1)+] expressed in percentage molecular ion peaks (C6H5NO3+) at m/z 139 at Rt of 9.80, 9.82, 9.84, and 9.86 min and were very close to the Rt of the = (no. of 13C x 1.1%) + (no. of 15N x 0.40%) + (no. of 2H x control sample. Similarly, Figure 3 indicated the presence of0.015%) + (no. of 17O x 0.04%) the parent molecular ion peak of control o-nitrophenol at m/z i.e. the probability to have A + 1 element (for e.g. 13C, 2H, 139 (calculated 139.03 for C6H5NO3+) at the retention time15N, etc.) contributions to the mass of the isotopic molecular (Rt) of 15.27 min along with four major fragmented peaksion [(M+1)+] that were well matched with the literature [48, 49]. The major PM+2 represents the relative peak intensity of the isotopic fragmentation peaks at m/z 93, 81, 65 and 39 were due to themolecular ion [(M+2)+] expressed in the percentage fragmentation of m-nitrophenol into C6H5O+, C6H9+, C5H5+, and C3H3..+, respectively. The biofield energy treated m- = (no. of 18O x 0.20%) + (no. of 37Cl x 32.50%) nitrophenol at T1, T2, T3, and T4 shown the parent i.e. the probability to have A + 2 element (for e.g. 18O, molecular ion peaks (C6H5NO3+) at m/z 139 at Rt of 15.19,37Cl, 34S, etc.) contributions to the mass of isotopic molecular 15.19, 15.21, and 15.29 min and were very close to the Rt ofion [(M+2)+] the control sample. The biofield energy treated o- and m- Isotopic abundance ratio (IAR) for A + 1 element = PM + nitrophenol at T1, T2, T3, and T4 showed similar1/PM fragmentation pattern as control (Figure 2 and 4). Only, the Similarly, isotopic abundance ratio for A + 2 element = relative peak intensities of both the biofield treated samplesPM+2/PM were altered as compared to the control samples (Figure 1-4). Percentage (%) change in isotopic abundance ratio =[(IARTreated – IARControl)/ IARControl) x 100] Where, IARTreated = isotopic abundance ratio in the treatedsample and IARControl = isotopic abundance ratio in thecontrol sample. Figure 1. The GC-MS spectrum and different possible fragmentation of control sample of o-nitrophenol.

71 Mahendra Kumar Trivedi et al.: Evaluation of Isotopic Abundance Ratio in Biofield Energy Treated Nitrophenol Derivatives Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Figure 2. The GC-MS spectrum of biofield energy treated o-nitrophenol analyzed at the different time intervals T1, T2, T3, and T4. Figure 3. The GC-MS spectrum and different possible fragmentation of the control sample of m-notrophenol.

American Journal of Chemical Engineering 2016; 4(3): 68-77 72Figure 4. The GC-MS spectrum of biofield energy treated m-nitrophenol analyzed at the different time intervals T1, T2, T3, and T4. The molecule o- and m-nitrophenol (C6H5NO3) comprises Similarly, the PM+1 and PM+2 of m-nitrophenol can beseveral atoms of H, C, N, and O. Calculating the relative calculated theoretically according to the method described inabundances for the isotopic contributions to the peaks in the materials and method. P (13C) = [(6 x 1.1%) x 60.56% (the actual size of the M+various ion clusters at low m/z discrimination will reflect the peak)] / 100% = 3.99%contributions of several different isotopes to the same peak P (2H) = [(5 x 0.015%) x 60.56%] / 100%= 0.045% P (15N) = [(1 x 0.40%) x 60.56%] / 100%= 0.24%[45, 46, 50, 51]. The intense peak PM in this cluster was at P (17O) = [(3 x 0.04%) x 60.56%] / 100%= 0.072%m/z 139, and all the abundance calculations were based on Thus, PM+1 i.e. 13C, 2H, 15N, and 17O contributions fromthis. PM+1 and PM+2 of o-nitrophenol can be calculated (C6H5NO3+) to m/z 140 is 4.35%theoretically according to the method described in the P (18O) = [(3 x 0.2%) x 60.56%] / 100% = 0.36% So, PM+2 i.e. 18O contributions from (C6H5NO3+) to m/z 141materials and method. P (13C) = [(6 x 1.1%) x 100% (the actual size of the M+ is 0.36%peak)] / 100% = 6.6% The calculated abundance of PM+1 and PM+2 in o- and m- P (2H) = [(5 x 0.015%) x 100%] / 100%= 0.075% nitrophenol matched to the experimental value obtained in P (15N) = [(1 x 0.40%) x 100%] / 100%= 0.4% P (17O) = [(3 x 0.04%) x 100%] / 100%= 0.12% the control sample. It has been found that statistically, the Thus, PM+1 i.e. 13C, 2H, 15N, and 17O contributions from coincidental of both carbons being 13C is approximately 1 in(C6H5NO3+) to m/z 140 is 7.195% 10,000 [43, 44]. The deuterium did not contribute much any P (18O) = [(3 x 0.2%) x 100%] / 100% = 0.6% So, PM+2 i.e. 18O contributions from (C6H5NO3+) to m/z 141 of the m/z ratios in natural o- and m-nitrophenol as theis 0.6% natural abundance of deuterium is too small relative to the

73 Mahendra Kumar Trivedi et al.: Evaluation of Isotopic Abundance Ratio in Biofield Energy Treated Nitrophenol Derivatives Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometrynatural abundances of isotopes of carbon nitrogen and respectively and are shown in the Table 2 and 3. Theoxygen [52-55]. From the calculations, 13C, 15N, 17O, and 18O percentage change in isotopic abundance ratios of PM+1/PM, and PM+2/PM in the biofield treated o- and m-nitrophenol arehave the major contributions from o- and m-nitrophenol to presented in Table 2 and 3, respectively. The isotopic abundance ratios in the biofield energy treated o- and m-m/z 140 and 141. nitrophenol (at T1 to T4) were calculated comparing to the control sample using the mass spectrum (Table 2 and 3). PM, PM+1, and PM+2 for the control and biofield energytreated nitrophenol at m/z 139, 140, and 141, respectivelywere achieved from the observed relative intensity of [M+],[(M+1)+], and [(M+2)+] peaks in the GC-MS spectra,Table 2. GC-MS isotopic abundance analysis result of control and biofield energy treated o-nitrophenol.Parameter Control Treated o-nitrophenolPM at m/z 139 (%) 100 T1 T2 T3 T4PM+1 at m/z 140 (%) 7.18 100 100PM+1/PM 0.0718 100 100 13.39 6.67% Change of isotopic abundance ratio (PM+1/PM) 0.1339 0.0667PM+2 at m/z 141 (%) 0.88 6.83 8.22 86.49 -7.10PM+2/PM 0.0088 1.61 0.82% Change of isotopic abundance ratio (PM+2/PM) 0.0683 0.0822 0.0161 0.0082 82.95 -6.82 -4.87 14.48 0.85 0.98 0.0085 0.0098 -3.41 11.36T1, T2, T3, and T4: biofield energy treated sample analyzed at different time intervals; PM: the relative peak intensity of the parent molecular ion [M+]; PM+1:the relative peak intensity of the isotopic molecular ion [(M+1)+]; PM+2: the relative peak intensity of the isotopic molecular ion [(M+2)+].Figure 5. Percent change in the isotopic abundance ratio of PM+1/PM and and T4 was slightly decreased by 4.87 and 7.10%,PM+2/PM in the biofield treated o-nitrophenol as compared to the control. respectively as compared to the control sample (Table 2 and Figure 5). Consequently, the isotopic abundance ratio of The isotopic abundance ratios in o-nitrophenol using GC- PM+2/PM in the biofield energy treated o-nitrophenol at T2MS analysis revealed that the isotopic abundance ratio of and T3 was increased by 11.36 and 82.95%, respectively asPM+1/PM in the biofield energy treated sample at T2 and T3 compared to the control sample. But, the isotopic abundancewas significantly increased by 14.48 and 86.49%, ratio of PM+2/PM in the biofield energy treated sample at T1respectively in comparison to the control sample (Table 2 and and T4 were decreased by 3.41 and 6.82, respectively inFigure 5). On the contrary, the isotopic abundance ratio of comparison to the control o-nitrophenol (Table 2 and FigurePM+1/PM in the biofield energy treated o-nitrophenol at T1 5). Similarly, the isotopic abundance ratios of m-nitrophenol using GC-MS analysis revealed that the isotopic abundance ratio of PM+1/PM in the biofield energy treated sample at T1, T3, and T4 was increased by 5.82, 5.09, and 6.40%, respectively in comparison to the control sample (Table 3 and Figure 6). On the other hand, the isotopic abundance ratio of PM+1/PM in biofield energy treated m-nitrophenol at T2 was slightly decreased by 0.29% in comparison to the control sample (Table 3 and Figure 6). Subsequently, the isotopic abundance ratio of PM+2/PM in biofield energy treated m- nitrophenol at T1, T2, T3 and T4 was increased by 6.33, 3.80, 16.46, and 16.46%, respectively in comparison to the control sample (Table 3 and Figure 5).Table 3. GC-MS isotopic abundance ratios analysis results of control and biofield energy treated m-nitrophenol.Parameter Control Treated m-nitrophenolPM at m/z 139 (%) 60.56 T1 T2 T3 T4PM+1 at m/z 140 (%) 4.16 86.19 81.26PM+1/PM 0.0687 62.88 80.56 6.22 5.94% Change of isotopic abundance ratio (PM+1/PM) 0.0722 0.0731PM+2 at m/z 141 (%) 0.48 4.57 5.52 5.09 6.40PM+2/PM 0.0079 0.79 0.75% Change of isotopic abundance ratio (PM+2/PM) 0.0727 0.0685 0.0092 0.0092 16.46 16.46 5.82 -0.29 0.53 0.66 0.0084 0.0082 6.33 3.80T1, T2, T3, and T4: biofield energy treated sample analyzed at different time intervals; PM: the relative peak intensity of the parent molecular ion [M+]; PM+1:the relative peak intensity of the isotopic molecular ion [(M+1)+]; PM+2: the relative peak intensity of the isotopic molecular ion [(M+2)+].

American Journal of Chemical Engineering 2016; 4(3): 68-77 74 time for the changes in the isotopic abundance ratio of the molecule. Alteration of the isotopic composition of the molecule alters the vibrational energy [56, 57]. The vibrational energy depends on the reduced mass (µ) for a diatomic molecule as shown in the below: E0 = and reduced mass (µ) =Figure 6. Percent change in the isotopic abundance of PM+1/PM and PM+2/PM Where, E0 = the vibrational energy of a harmonicin the biofield treated m-nitrophenol as compared to the control. oscillator at absolute zero or zero point energy; f = force constant. The Figure 4 and 5 clearly suggest that there was adifferent effect of the isotopic abundance ratios (PM+1/PM and The reduced mass (µ) of some probable isotopic bondsPM+2) in the biofield energy treated o- and m-nitrophenol with was calculated and presented in Table 4. The results showedrespect to the time. This results indicated that these biofield that reduced mass were increased in the case of heaviertreated samples had the time dependent response to the isotopes as compared to normal bond (Table 4). As per thealternation of isotopic abundance composition. These results literature, the heavier isotopic molecules have lowerpropose that the biofield energy might have required a certain diffusion velocity, mobility, evaporation rate, thermal decomposition and reaction rate, but having higher binding energy than lighter molecules [56-59]. The biofield energy treated o- and m-nitrophenol have the higher isotopic abundance ratios. Therefore, after biofield energy treatment, the bond strength, stability, and binding energy of o- and m- nitrophenol molecules might be increase due to the higher reduced mass. Table 4. Possible isotopic bonds in o- and m-nitrophenol.Isotopes bond Isotope type Reduced mass (µ) (mA.mB)/(mA + mB) Zero point vibrational energy (E0) Lighter 6.00 Higher12C-12C Heavier 6.24 Smaller13C-12C Lighter 0.92 Higher1H-12C Heavier 1.71 Smaller2H-12C Lighter 0.94 Higher16O-1H Heavier 1.78 Smaller16O-2H Heavier 1.79 Smaller17O-2H Heavier 1.80 Smaller18O-2H Lighter 6.86 Higher16O-12C Heavier 7.17 Smaller16O-13C Heavier 7.03 Smaller17O-12C Heavier 7.20 Smaller18O-12C Lighter 7.47 Higher14N-16O Heavier 8.18 Smaller15N-18O Heavier 7.87 Smaller14N-18O Lighter 6.46 Higher14N-12C Heavier 6.67 Smaller15N-12C Heavier 6.96 Smaller15N-13CmA: mass of atom A; mB: mass of atom B, here A and B may be C or H or N or O. The isotopic abundance ratios of PM+1/PM (2H/1H or 13C/12C The biofield energy treatment responsible for the modificationor 15N/14N or 17O/16O), and PM+2/PM (18O/16O) in the biofield in the behaviour at atomic and molecular level by changing thetreated o- and m-nitrophenol were significantly increased in neutron to proton ratio in the nucleus possibly through themost of the cases as compared to the control sample. The introduction of neutrino particles. It was hypothesized that duerecent physics Noble prize winners explained that the to changes in nuclei possibly through the interference ofneutrinos change, identities which are only possible if the neutrinos the changes in isotopic abundance. As the biofieldneutrinos possess mass and have the ability to interchange their treated o- and m-nitrophenol had increased the stable isotopicphase internally from one phase to another (change of flavour). abundance ratio, it might have altered physicochemical andSo, the neutrinos have the ability to interact with protons and thermal properties and reaction rate. Thus, the current findingsneutrons in the nucleus. This indicated that there was a close are well associated with the previous results [24]. The biofieldrelation between neutrino and the isotope formation [60, 61]. treated o- and m-nitrophenol might be useful in pharmaceutical

75 Mahendra Kumar Trivedi et al.: Evaluation of Isotopic Abundance Ratio in Biofield Energy Treated Nitrophenol Derivatives Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometryand chemical industries as an intermediate for the production Referencesof pharmaceuticals and other useful chemicals for theindustrial uses. [1] Boehncke A, Koennecker G, Mangelsdorf I, Wibbertmann A (2000) Concise international chemical assessment document4. Conclusions 20, Mononitrophenols. World Health Organization, Geneva. The current study concluded that the biofield energy [2] https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/2-nitrophenol.treatment has a remarkable ability for altering the isotopicabundance ratios in o- and m-nitrophenol. The gas [3] Ju KS, Parales RE (2010) Nitroaromatic compounds, fromchromatography-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis of the synthesis to biodegradation. 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Farmakol Toksikol (Moscow)Subsequently, the isotopic abundance ratio of PM+2/PM in 39: 718-721.biofield energy treated o-nitrophenol at T2 and T3 wasincreased by 11.36 and 82.95%, respectively as compared to [6] Sunahara GI, Lotufo G, Kuperman RG, Hawari J (2009)the control sample. Similarly, the isotopic abundance ratio of Ecotoxicology of explosives. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.biofield treated m-nitrophenol revealed the isotopicabundance ratio of PM+1/PM at T1, T3, and T4 was increased [7] Padda RSC, Wang JB, Kutty HR, Bennett GN (2003)by 5.82, 5.09, and 6.40%, respectively as compared to the Mutagenicity of nitroaromatic degradation compounds.control sample. The isotopic abundance ratio of PM+2/PM in Environ Toxicol Chem 22: 2293-2297.the biofield energy treated m-nitrophenol at T1, T2, T3 andT4 was increased by 6.33, 3.80, 16.46, and 16.46%, [8] https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/2-respectively in comparison to the control sample. 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