Whizz Pop Bang

THE AWESOME SCIENCE MAGAZINE FOR KIDS! Great Scott! Find out about wEixthpagelbroilvmuebe!bnetr the famous PolarAntarctic scienceexplorer! Explore the ends of the Earth Bake a frozen treat Discovoerf tthhee suenaicorns WMOANKDEEARNLAINCYD WHIZZPOPBANG.COM ISSUE 54 EXPERIMENTS PUZZLES AMAZING FACTS SCIENCE NEWS

WELCOME! Wrap up warm, Emmi because we’re going on a chilly expedition to the Poles – brrr! oMonthfIfeaosamtkweynheapoedieutarlestatfvphftheeeleuiotenlcnrsaolkise,tawseilwmnaxaagtiaaprndsemktctareeholipoyremetawsonapuEcatbaraeasislrosurseecnbt,la-sfbhdki8’ensatuer9vhprpekaigno°bstlolsaCytevuiensgelgnda,a–eatatwtcbienotbihltendirinthlrlhgyaacrwetnrobw!eoiemuikhetfFseaksfiyursnlespefdceiotntaxyfsooepousbdeuotstaraful!ikairmrvmekbveedneoi,nveluttAeistiminsnltsaagghosag!eimikncnradeeee WHIZZ POP BANG is made by: I’ve designed my Editor-in-Chief: Jenny Inglis own cool T-shirt! Editor: Tammy Osborne Assistant Editor: Tara Pardo Gakk Where you Designers: Rachael Fisher roesrauedteasaeetrbrhealoeliQesntvRstaaoycnpmvothdibsoeointle, and Simon Oliver Riley Illustrator: Clive Goodyer web page. Staff writer: Joanna Tubbs Contributors: Isabel Thomas, Joe Inglis, JD Savage and Claire Cock-Starkey EXPERT SCIENCE ADVISERS As well as our writers, we also have a team of science advisers who help to ensure that our content is accurate, up-to-date and relevant. Our advisers include: palaeontologist Steve Brusatte; molecular microbiologist Matt Hutchings; robotics engineer Abbie Hutty; mechanical engineer Amiee Morgans; GP Dr Cathy Scott; astronomer Mark Thompson; physicist Dr Jess Wade. To find out more, go to whizzpopbang.com/about GET IN TOUCH dianl! < Scie SUBSCRIBE! ISSN 2399-2840 hello@whizzpopbang.com ISSN 2399-2840 WHIZZ POP BANG is only available by whizzpopbang.com THE AWESOMETSHCEIAENWCEESMOraMDMcAeererGEtRawoAnSrhdyeZCeiCnIlcvINoheoEanpitENreorrFCOERMKAIDGSA!ZINE FOR KIDS! facebook.com/whizzpopbangmag Sufmunm!ernce to 10bSosWusnhyoifstyhtoehue! subscription. If you haven’t subscribed twitter.com/whizzpopbangmag WVHEWEHAEICCLKLEYEDS thRea ce a yet, simply go to whizzpopbang.com pinterest.com/whizzpopbangmag Su and sign up for as little as £3.33 per instagram.com/whizzpopbangmag rounngdame magazine, including UK delivery. Back issues are available to purchase at get you whizzpopbang.com/shop Make a HelloMake a sun With the help of Whizz Pop Bang pull-back in a spi magazine, just imagine what your child might one day discover! car Soaksuupnnsyomsceiesencrieously PMIANKHEO LAEWHWREAINECLDES! C AMESRCuAnreaartteEXPERIMENTS ISSUE 49 WHIZZPOPBANG.COM NEWS FACTS SCIENCE PUZZLES AMAZING EXPERIMENTS PUZZLES WHIZZPOPBANG.COM ISSUE 48 AMAZING FACTS SCIENCE NEWS GROWN-UPS EDUCATORS Indicates content linked to the National Curriculum Welcome to WHIZZ POP BANG – the magazine The magazine is ideal for home educators and it’s linked to the bursting with enticing articles, mind-boggling national curriculum too, for use in schools. Whizz Pop Bang facts and hands-on experiments to get your will help with literacy development as well. Transform science child hooked on science! Whizz Pop Bang is teaching in your school with our hands-on science and reading a gender-neutral magazine with plenty of resources. Our downloadable lesson packs link fun science inspirational male and female scientists experiments and reading with key curriculum topics for years and content that appeals to all children. 2-6. Subscribe at whizzpopbang.com/schools ! All experiments have been tried and tested by our team. Unit 7, Global Business Park, 14 Wilkinson Road, Cirencester, GL7 1YZ The activities should be done under close adult supervision and are done at your own risk. Launchpad Publishing Ltd Printed in the UK by © 2020 Launchpad Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved. Reproduction cannot accept liability for damage done. The Magazine Printing Company of the whole or any part of the contents of WHIZZ POP BANG without using only paper from FSC/PEFC suppliers written permission is prohibited. Illustrations: © 2020 Clive Goodyer www.magprint.co.uk

CONTENTS 4 • Card or cardboard (optional) • Glue AAWrctEicSOaMdvEenNtu•ErwfTWeohiitsilhn,,SsgmStsoAottndaoeNesral,ldDiWtndogyAtaocalMranysyoim!uAsartZlsyscIl–eeNnoerhG,moe.aFglok.AecgoCyrtoTatuomSrnowswonol, and a space mission that could save the Earth… What you do: the1E. apCrautgtheos!u1tM8thaaenkddieo1r9aa,macnado(mfmoolddpeaal)losbnsagc, kthgeroduontdteodnlines. 6COOL SCIENCE! Join an expedition to the ends of tre2a. tttyGhaaolepuunee’bddattolhcikekmse.tbitcoaokcrmktehgae.r.ko.seuidnitedssst(rcAoe)nntgeoeotrh.nTetohbesanosmeuse(eBc)sataritcdkiyf a frozen 12meet polar wildlife, bake ANIMAL ANTICS – 3. Discover the unicorn of the sea staChtnureodtmnosgtuoeatnrnttdihofetychoaaeurnmdilmiokuaerpl.csia,nfrodylobduoaralrsodcnetgnoetmh. eYaodkueotctthoeeudmldlinsetisck the narwhal! 14 tFSoIinLtdLhYeoucStoCalIdbE,oNtuhCteEnsoemxpeear4mi.maouNewszoennwinctaoagnwtdtimdowintayhoalwsuoytraoosolt,wbhttniehlsusfsaiucbneteibsnphaeeai.nnprgeimgrtooluoarcfvlhoseeils,a..aYdnodauapcdotdulydour © Glenn Williams EMMI’S ECO CLUB 16 Give an old T-shirt a new life using colourful chromatography. 17 PULLOUT Create an icy wonderland! 22 INTERVIEW Major Nics Wetherill is a seriously inspiring doctor who led an Antarctic expedition! 24 HOW STUFF WORKS Find out about snowmobiles, the robust vehicles that can travel across snow and ice. TEN AWESOMELY AMAZING… 26 Ways to survive at the poles! 28 SENSATIONAL SCIENTISTS Great Scott! Find out about the famous Antarctic explorer, Robert Falcon Scott. Y’S WONDER CLUB 30 © Henry Bowers Ask our robot, Y, your burning science questions and share all of your adventures in science with the club. I’d love to see QUIZ POP BANG AND COMPETITION 32 pictures of your experiments! Test your knowledge with our super-duper Send them to Y@whizzpopbang.com science quiz and win a magnetic science kit! 34 JOKES AND ANSWERS Laugh out loud at some awesome jokes and find the answers to all of our quizzes, puzzles and riddles. 35 SPECTACULAR SCIENCE FIND THE SCIENCE EQUIPMENT Peep inside a mighty crack in the ice. Hidden on each double page is a piece of science equipment. Tick each one to find the complete kit!

AanwdeAsmoamzinegNFeawctss Frozen! Student invents alternative to plastic The greatest Arctic research expedition of all time is under way. The German O1e,nn4eo0uf0gishhMwcaaorsuitlndeaTgteoexnmebraaaktgees © Stuart Robinson/University of Sussex icebreaker ship Polarstern set out in September 2019 bound for the North Pole. Its mission: to get stuck! The Polarstern is now frozen into the Arctic sea ice and will drift across the top of the world until October 2020, providing a base for polar researchers to study the Arctic climate, its wildlife and how it’s changing. This will allow them to make more accurate predictions about how the climate crisis will affect it in the future. At 118 metres long and weighing 12,012 tons, the Polarstern is a massive and powerful ship, capable of operating at -50 ˚C and breaking through metres of ice. A student from Sussex University has Durriisneg atbhoevAe rtchteichowriinztoenr,fotrhesiSx umnondtohess!n’t won the International James Dyson Award for her invention of MarinaTex, a biodegradable plastic alternative made from fish waste and red algae. Inventor Lucy Hughes hopes MarinaTex will replace some single-use plastics. “It makes no sense to me that we’re using plastic, an incredibly durable material, for products that have a life cycle of less than a day,” she said. “An engineer is a problem solver, so for me a good design is something that bridges the gap between behaviours, business and our planet.” Over 172,000 tons of fish waste are thrown away each year in Britain. Lucy believes we should be making better use of waste products, so she conducted hundreds of experiments on her kitchen stove until she created the © ATlfraedkWeegaenebvriIintrs.ttiltuuytae//lS3. tH4eonuNdrri2ckosqfItGhe ship: TWhelhikBaaetnIwtGdoowquinuhldveyes?YntOtio,Un: winning formula. 4 whizzpopbang.com

PRINCESS LEIA © Shutterstock HOW OLD IS YOUR HOLOGRAM COULD DOG REALLY? SOON BE A REALITY © University of Sussex One dog year is equivalent to seven Star Wars fans will remember the 3D human years, right? Wrong! Scientists in hologram of Princess Leia projected America have come up with a much more by R2-D2. Now, British scientists have accurate way of calculating a dog’s age, developed a way of making holograms based on the way the DNA of humans and that can be seen, heard and felt. The new animals changes as we get older. These technology, called Multimodal Acoustic chemical changes can be used as a kind of Trap Display (MATD), works by using biological clock. The researchers compared ultrasound waves to trap a tiny ball in mid- air and projecting different colours on it this biological clock in humans and while moving it so quickly that your brain Labrador retrievers and used it to work out registers a 3D image – a bit like when you a new formula for calculating a dog’s age write your name in the air with a sparkler. Ultrasound is also used to stimulate your in human years. skin, so that you can reach out and feel like you’re touching the hologram. MATD may To work it out for yourself not be able to send intergalactic messages on a scientific calculator, enter yet, but it could eventually be used to direct your dog’s age (it must be at least surgeons during difficult operations. one year old) and press the ‘ln’ button. Multiply your answer by Checbkiint.olauyct/t2itoEhne4h2heoxrloeUg:mrams 16 then add 31. Or you can cheat and use this online calculator: bit.ly/2rb7QhP © NASA/Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Lab SPACECRAFT TO CRASH INTO ASTEROID – ON PURPOSE! When a huge asteroid hurtled towards Earth 66 million years ago, there was nothing the dinosaurs could do to save themselves. But should it ever happen again, we will be better prepared – thanks to an exciting new project. NASA and ESA (the American and European space agencies) have joined forces to investigate whether it’s possible to knock an asteroid off course to avoid it colliding with Earth. In 2022, NASA will crash its DART spacecraft into a space rock called Didymoon, which is orbiting a larger asteroid called Didymos A. We’ll be able to see how this changes Didymoon’s orbit using telescopes on Earth. ESA will then send out another spacecraft to measure the effects of the impact close-up. So, if Earth is ever threatened by an asteroid collision in the future, we’ll be ready.

COOL SCIENCE.EIasratthbee’llal unTsdhafoibmnoadusstoetuhxteplworheraesttspotohfleathr‘eesncpdilseannocefetthcean By Isabel Thomas Four! Six! How many Two! poles does Earth have? Which member of the Whizz Pop Bang team is right? The answer is – everybody! You’ve probably heard of Earth’s geographic poles – the two places where the man-made lines of longitude on a globe meet up. They are where explorers head when they want to visit the North or South Poles. Earth also has instantaneous north and south poles – the places at each end of the axis that Earth spins around. These are not fixed. As the planet rotates it wobbles, causing the instantaneous poles to move in a wobbly circle. All that spinning makes molten metal in Earth’s core swirl around, making the planet behave like a huge electromagnet. Just like other magnets, it has a magnetic north and south pole too. These are the poles that a compass needle points to! Earth’s magnetic field lines don’t quite line up with the axis of rotation or the lines of longitude, so all six poles are in different places! 6 whizzpopbang.com

Make a model of Stroke a needle with a magnet 50 times in the same Earth’s magnetic poles direction, to make the needle magnetic. Float it on the using a strong neodymium bar surface of a bowl of water, on top of a small piece of magnet. Remove the core from an cork or tissue paper. As you move the bowl around, apple or orange and push the magnet the needle will turn to line up with Earth’s magnetic inside. Replace small parts of the core field lines. One end will point to Earth’s magnetic at each end. Scatter some steel staples north pole, the other to the magnetic or paperclips onto the fruit. They will south pole, just like a compass. line up with the magnetic field lines. Take care Don’t eat the fruit afterwards! when handling elKecetesrtposrmonthincaegleml mqchuaaiiwglpdnmareeyetnfns.r.toamnd Earth’s magnetic poles move around! The magnetic north pole has moved about 35 miles every year since the 1990s. Every few million years, the magnetic north and south poles switch places altogether! Young explorers Jonathan Silverman became the youngest person to visit both geographic poles. He reached the North Pole on a tourist ship and the South Pole by plane before he turned 12. More recently, 16-year-old Jade Hameister crossed the North Pole and South Pole on skis! The poles are a great place to study space, because there’s no light pollution from towns or cities to drown out the faint light from stars and galaxies.

Life at the poles c-c-c-coldThe Arctic and Antarctica are permanently . The poles get fewer hours of sunlight than the equator. But this doesn’t stop polar scientists from visiting. They study the land and sea, the unique wildlife and the atmosphere. They also study the ice and rocks deep below the surface for clues about climate change past and present. No one lives permanently at the North Pole, but about four million people live in the Arctic Circle. For several weeks each winter, it’s dark 24 hours a day. In the most northerly large settlement, Qaanaaq, Greenland, the polar night lasts for three months! In the summer, the opposite happens, and the Sun doesn’t set for two months. Arctic communities have special events and celebrations that help them to cope. Antarctica does not have a human population, but up to 4,000 scientists visit every year to carry out research. They live and work in 45 research stations on the continent. Halley VI Research Station rests on a shelf of thick, floating ice. Up to 52 scientists can stay there at once. Each module has legs fitted with huge skis. If the ice starts to crack or gets too close to the sea, the building can be pulled to a new location. Antarctica is much colder than the Arctic – with Emperor Weddell temperatures as low as -89.2 °C – and so dry penguin seal Baleen that it’s officially a desert. Most animals huddle whale near the edges of the continent, where they can There are no insects hunt in the sea. There are no land mammals, native to Antarctica. and most birds and marine mammals, such as whales and seals, only visit in summer. Emperor penguins and Weddell seals are the only ones that stay all year round. The only plants on Antarctica are lichens and mosses. The cold polar waters are full of tiny animals known as krill. They’re important to bigger animals such as penguins and baleen whales, which depend on them for food. Antarctica is colder than the Arctic because it’s much higher. The North Pole lies at sea level, on a frozen ocean. Antarctica is covered by a layer of ice and snow thicker than some mountain ranges. 8 whizzpopbang.com

The Arctic is surrounded by land (the What’s a What do polar continents of Europe, North America and polar bear’s bears like to eat? Asia). It is so cold that much of the soil is favourite thing? permanently frozen. You won’t spot any Snow and tell! Brrrrrrrritos! large plants at the poles. But even these icy habitats are home to wildlife. As the Arctic Ocean freezes in winter, land mammals including polar bears can walk onto it and hunt there. The Arctic is home to birds all year round, and some of the land around the Arctic Ocean even has flowering plants. Arctic mammals, such as ground squirrels, spend the coldest months underground. Their body temperatures can fall below freezing! Fill in the crossword with the names of the Arctic animals that have stars next to them. Check your answers on page 34. Find the matching Mysterious microbes pair of Antarctic krill. Check your Antarctica is teeming with answer on page 34. microorganisms. Scientists have drilled down to lakes hundreds of metres below the ice, where each millilitre of water can contain 10,000 bacteria. Krill

BAKED ALASKA Both humans and polar animals use trapped air to keep warm. Make a baked Alaska for pudding to see how good air is at keeping heat in – or out! You will need: What you do: • Sponge cake (e.g. a 1. Preheat the oven to 220 °C. traybake or loaf cake) 2. Whisk the egg whites until firm peaks form. • Ice cream • 3 eggs (whites only) 3. Add the sugar and whisk for about 5 minutes • 150 g caster sugar to make a very stiff meringue. • Non-stick baking tray 4. Place two slices of cake onto the baking tray with deep sides and put a scoop of ice cream on top of each one. • Electric whisk 5. Smear the meringue all over the top of one, making sure the ice cream and cake are completely covered. 6. Leave the other scoop uncovered. 7. Bake both in the oven for 8 to 10 minutes. You should find: The ice cream covered by meringue doesn’t melt! Whisking the meringue traps thousands of tiny air bubbles. The sponge cake base also contains bubbles of gas. Air does not conduct heat well, and because the bubbles of air are trapped, convection can’t happen either. The oven’s heat cooks the outside of the meringue but the ice cream is insulated from the heat, so it remains frozen. Snow also contains lots of tiny air bubbles, which is why igloos and snow dens can keep humans and animals insulated from the cold. Warming world RISING SEA LEVELS Global warming is heating up the Arctic Does it make a difference faster than other places on Earth. Higher if melting ice is sea ice or temperatures are melting the frozen soil land ice (ice sheets and glaciers)? This experiment or ‘permafrost’ in the Arctic Circle, and in winter there is far less sea ice than will help you find out. there used to be. The huge ice sheets that cover Greenland and Antarctica are also You will need: shrinking as their ice melts more quickly than normal. Ponds of melted water are • Tray or pan with even forming on the Antarctic ice sheet high sides for the first time. These changes harm the homes of polar wildlife and humans, but • Ice cube trays • Freezer they also affect the whole planet. • Large pebbles • Ruler 10 whizzpopbang.com

An ancient ice pop Scientists have begun an exciting project to drill 3 km down into the Polar science is helping us to understand how our planet’s climate works, and how it might change in the future. The Antarctic ice. The ice core they collect will contain air bubbles from ice sheets that cover Antarctica and Greenland are full of bubbles of trapped prehistoric air. They are like time the last million years of Earth’s capsules that tell us what Earth’s climate was like in the history! It will help us predict the consequences of global warming. past, and how it has changed over time. Don't Can you smell eat the carrots? ice core! What you do: You should find: 1. Make lots of ice cubes. Melting sea ice (like Arctic sea ice) 2. Use the pebbles to build an island in the pan. does not make sea levels rise. This is 3. Place half the ice cubes in the pan. because the ice is already in the sea, 4. Pour in water until the ice cubes are floating but it so it’s already displacing the same volume of water that it will displace doesn't quite cover the pebbles. 5. Use the ruler to measure the level of the water. once melted. Melting land ice (like 6. Leave the ‘sea ice’ to melt. Measure the water level afterwards. the ice sheets that cover Greenland 7. Repeat the experiment but this time place the ice cubes and Antarctica) does make sea on the pebble island. levels rise. This is because the 8. Use the ruler to measure the level of the water. melted water runs into the oceans, 9. Leave the ‘land ice’ to melt. Measure the water level afterwards. adding extra volume. Sea levels are already around 20 cm higher than they were in 1900. whizzpopbang.com 11

Nar w h alsAANNITMICALS Braving the icy cold of the Arctic seas, our vet Joe Inglis is on a Narwhals are medium-sized whales polar mission to find out about famous for their amazing single tusks. the mysterious creatures known They live in the icy waters around as the unicorns of the se a. Greenland, Canada and Russia and can grow to over 5m in length and weigh 1.6 tonnes. The name narwhal means ‘dead whale’. © Shutterstock Tooth-tastic! Nosey narwhals Male narwhals – and a few females – have awesome Narwhal tusks aren’t used for spearing tusks that look like giant spears. Unlike the horns of prey or eating. In fact, they are more like rhinos (or mythical unicorns) which grow out of the top of the head, narwhal tusks are actually teeth poking out massive pointy noses or eyes, helping of their mouths! The left-hand canine tooth grows out the whales to sense the world around through the lip and becomes a super-long spirally tusk, them. They are packed with around 10 million nerves, which are used to which can reach over 3m in length. pick up tiny changes in the surrounding seawater to help the whales find their 1 in 500… prey. Narwhals also sometimes use their tusks to stun their prey using a sideways …male narwhals have two tusks. wallop, before sucking the motionless Only about 15% of females have a tusk and only one has ever been fish into their mouths. found with two tusks. 12 whizzpopbang.com

Super supper suckers © Glenn Williams Although narwhals’ tusks are among the most amazing teeth in the world, they don’t have any other teeth inside their mouths. Instead of biting and chewing their food, they simply suck up whole fish like a giant underwater vacuum cleaner! 50 The average lifespan of narwhals. Some Tusk talk narwhals are killed by other animals, years such as polar bears and orcas, but When male narwhals rub their tusks many older whales get trapped under together, they are not fighting. In fact, the sea ice and die as they can’t reach scientists think they are chatting to each the surface to breathe. other! Narwhal expert Dr Martin Nweeia, says: \"Narwhal rubbing their sensory Who are you tusks together may be an elaborate social calling long in interaction that determines social standing.\" the tooth? 1,500 m Turn the word FACE into the word TUSK by changing only one letter each How deep narwhals can dive in search of time. There are some clues to help you. food, such as halibut and polar cod, which live in the icy depths of the polar oceans. Check your answers on page 34. FACE Worry for whales _ _ _ _ You might fasten your shoe with it. _ _ _ _ This can give you an itchy head! Although there are thought to be _ _ _ _ What you do to an ice lolly. somewhere between 50,000 and _ _ _ _ Footballers do this to the ball. 170,000 narwhals, they are under _ _ _ _ A sound from a clock. threat from the climate crisis, which _ _ _ _ Pull your knees up to your chin. is reducing the amount of sea ice and TUSK the food they need to thrive. whizzpopbang.com 13

Most polar animals are warm-blooded, just like us, so why don’t they freeze in the cold Arctic and Antarctic? The answer is they’ve got some pretty amazing adaptations! But which of these are true and which are false? Tick your answers and then check them on page 15. C-c-c-cool quiz! 1 Only 50% of polar bears’ 2 Emperor penguins are hunts are successful. the biggest penguins that TRUE FALSE have ever lived. TRUE FALSE 3 Polar bears are black. 4 Male emperor penguins can make ‘milk’ to feed TRUE FALSE their chicks. TRUE FALSE 5 Under their skin, right whales have a thick layer of oily blubber covering their entire bodies. TRUE FALSE The coldest place in the northern hemisphere 6 Arctic foxes have isn’t even inside the Arctic Circle. Oymyakon the warmest fur in Russia recorded a temperature of -67.7 °C in 1933. But don’t think that the children there of any mammal. get lots of snow days – Oymyakon’s school only TRUE FALSE closes when it’s colder than -50 °C outside! 14 whizzpopbang.com

BLUBBER GLOVE You will need: What you do: • Large container • Lots of ice and water 1. Fill the large container with • Large rubber gloves lots of ice and water. (or resealable plastic bags) 2. Fill one rubber glove two • Lard, butter or margarine at room thirds full with the fat. Put your hand into the glove temperature and wind tape around your • Strong tape wrist so the fat doesn't spill • Stopwatch or other timer out of the top (you might need someone to help you). You should find: 3. Put the empty rubber glove on your other hand. You are able to keep the hand inside the fat-filled glove in the icy water 4. Start the stopwatch and immediately put both hands for much longer than the other one. into the container full of ice and water. This is because fat doesn’t conduct heat well compared to water, so it 5. Record how long you can keep each hand in the icy keeps heat in and cold out. Blubber water before it feels uncomfortable. insulates animals like whales and seals in the same way, keeping their bodies at a constant temperature in the freezing Arctic and Antarctic. 7 Weddell seals use their teeth to 8 If their toes freeze, king enable them to breathe in winter. penguins can grow new ones. TRUE FALSE TRUE FALSE ANSWERS 5) False: Their bodies are covered with a thick layer of blubber, except for their fins and tail flukes. Most marine mammals have small tails and fins to 1) False: It is much less than that. Only about 2% of a polar bear’s hunts reduce the amount of heat lost from them. end in a meal. Warm-blooded animals need to eat lots of high-energy food to stay warm enough to survive, so polar bears spend half of their 6) True: They have two layers of fur, which provide excellent insulation against lives hunting.  the cold, even better than polar bears’ fur. In winter, the thickness of their fur increases by 140%, and they are also the only canid (dog-like mammal) whose 2) False: Although emperor penguins are the largest penguins alive today, foot pads are covered with fur. fossils have been found of ancient ‘mega-penguins’. They lived around 37 million years ago and were about 2 m tall, taller than most humans! Being 7) True: They use their strong teeth to rasp away at the sea ice. They do this a large size helps animals survive in the extreme cold because their surface to create breathing holes and to keep them open. area (which loses heat) is smaller compared to their overall volume than for small animals (this is known as Bergmann’s Rule). 8) False: Their feet never freeze because a special system of blood vessels keeps them at just above freezing temperature. The blood vessels carrying 3) True: Polar bears have black skin. They look white because the hairs of warm blood down into the feet are next to the vessels carrying cooler blood their fur are transparent and hollow. The hollow hairs trap light and bounce it coming back up. This cools the blood on its way down to the feet (so it around, making the fur appear white. It is also excellent at keeping the bears can’t lose as much heat to the ice) and warms the blood flowing back up warm. Polar bears’ black skin absorbs sunlight, which also helps to warm them. (keeping the penguin from getting too cold). This system is known as counter- current heat exchange. Many types of penguins, as well as seals and whales, 4) True: The milk-like substance, which is rich in protein and fat, is produced use this system to reduce heat loss through their flippers, flukes and feet. by a gland in the oesophagus. It can be used to feed the chicks for a few days before the females arrive back from fishing. This substance can only be whizzpopbang.com 15 produced by three birds in the world – male emperor penguins, pigeons and flamingos.

ECOEmmi's club... AURORA T-SHIRT Producing You will need: clothing creates pollution, uses vast • An old, plain, light-coloured T-shirt amounts of water and creates a lot of waste. • A large plastic box without a lid Give an old T-shirt a new life by adding • A large rubber band amazing aurora • Permanent marker pens artwork! • Surgical spirit (available from chemists and Be inspired by the shapes and colours of the aurora borealis large supermarkets) • A pipette or spray bottle THIS ACTIVITY MUST BE COMPLETED OUTSIDE OR IN A WELL-VENTILATED ROOM. ©Shutterstock What you do: I’d love to see your aurorae T-shirts! 1 Take a photo and email it to Y@whizzpopbang.com 2 waPiftruahetbattrhhiyceeoiounpplwpaelsanatnciscteidtbwoeoixddthieirnceasocirtrdualeybtebtbh.eeeHnr eoTba-ladstnhhtdihrt.teh, e otrnDhaoernratgbwheoe.xlriDnn–oelysingdo’ihetuntsdsnsipgr.eainWrewedtedottoubososypleerctdeahloavepsdeiesnohsktpau,oatpy.tceehelsleofowoefdrtagyhneoeduorf 16 whizzpopbang.com Continued on page 21 ➜

ACrRaCftTyIoCurSoCwEnN…E pullout POLAR Make a spectacular Arctic scene, PULL OUT PAGES 17-20 AND GET MAKING! complete with animals and icebergs. Add your own finishing touches to make it even more fun! You will need: Riddles Check your answers on page 34. • Sticky tape • Scissors d1.rowI nceadn’btybweabtuerrn.eWd hbayt fire or • Card or cardboard (optional) am I? • Glue • Things to add to your scene, e.g. cotton wool, 2. What lives in winter, dies in summer, and grows downwards? foil, stones, toy animals – or make your own with modelling clay! ath3tbrWf.ueeoaraherInnarldemettdfihinhtlcresineoksimoeldeo,rydeutmarhctfmiloaweaywrsmanh.tsptdieshcTtnrihhthhetieekeetneeiamdbamIneteifdaltienouIrsrghr’cs.niaakmeIfnemdyutdoerhtfe?eshoauneoopsurdottn!h What you do: 1. Cut out the diorama (model) background on pages 18 and 19, and fold along the dotted lines. 2. Glue the background scene onto some card if you’d like to make it stronger. Then use sticky tape to stick the sides (A) to the base (B) at the back. 3. Cut out the animals, fold along the dotted lines and stand them up in your scene. You could stick them onto card or cardboard to make them stronger if you like. 4. Now add your own finishing touches. You could use cotton wool, tissue paper or foil, and add your own animals to the scene. whizzpopbang.com 17

You should find: Whjoyksehoonuldann’ticyeouflotee?ll a Becacursaeckitupm!ight You’ve made a diorama of an Arctic scene. The dark sky is lit up by a colourful aurora. These are seen mostly at the polar regions, where the Earth’s magnetic field is strongest. In the winter, the Sun doesn’t rise above the horizon, leading to weeks of darkness. In the summer, the Sun doesn’t set and there is round-the-clock daylight. When it is day in the Arctic Circle, it is night in the Antarctic Circle, and vice versa. A B Cut out the icebergs, fold along the dotted lines and stand them in your scene.

Cut out the animals, fold along the dotted lines and stand them in your scene. A B whizzpopbang.com 19

I’d love to see your Snowflake search dioramas! Send your photos to Which of the snowflakes 1-6 can be Y@whizzpopbang.com made using one or more of the pictures a-d? Write your answers here and check 20 whizzpopbang.com them on page 34. 12 34 56 ab cd

34 Surround the lines with green and sLhuearaglfviFceaaialnsliltythsfhopooeuiurrrcriatsotptofloherauesweynrsehbusohospuoetrrtwesiltea, ytcdooohrauespnrcoidkdpaieeknsstegytipgeobanuawrrccaihdtktheaee.snviggeenrys. yellow dots, then fill in the background with dots in shades of blue. Add black dots around the edge of your design. Ask an adult to iron your design to fix it. Your design should be washable, but it may not last forever. ➜ seTcotpahuthaereteirwrcsiameshactudnaaerridrglfqlikuseniuec,rdkeatrwhilcponieshtefthrpronuotisrshimiionnitanmdkaangitevdnooaididgistnlhsursikqaoepasuplrrlvsiebhcde.aeyosTtd.ilhnooisnigusrs It’s up to us to save the planet. Lots of small ECOMore ideas... actions can make a BIG sTmoorncyakkomsitnfhagrerokrameornltdopwneco-nlmooctalhhdtricnoohgmdi.ndaHgtooopnwgaerisaar?pbohofyut difference! T-soBSahuueitrgyeftriinetiinfgafyoatsorewcutchahocayenartdicntoo-yfhshisantehndolopdfaptoc!hwlnoehetohpnleleaeswniest. Mlpkconaunaettgkceteehosreyoabso-nysuodhravoeecdrllrdtobwittonrhwoogerussfns,u-leoanorrsustt Continued from page 16 into shorts! whizzpopbang.com 21

In my job I get to... explore Antarctica! Nics travelled Major Nics Wetherill 1,700 km across frozen snow, 2 km deep, to research the impact of extreme expeditions on women’s bodies. We asked her all about it... Q What was the purpose Q What made you decide to What did the of the Ice Maidens go to the Antarctic? pirate say during a expedition? snowstorm? Shiver A Antarctica is relatively safe A It wasn’t just about the (there aren’t any polar me timbers! team crossing Antarctica bears there!). It was a brilliant and setting records: it was opportunity to research the about encouraging women to impact of an extreme challenge push themselves physically and on women’s bodies. In preparing mentally. Ultimately, the final for the expedition, I realised that goal was to cross the largest, there was plenty of information coldest, driest continent in the available on how men’s bodies world using only muscle power. might suffer in these conditions, We travelled on skis, pulling our but none about women. We kit behind us on sleds weighing decided to gather lots of up to 80 kg. On a normal day, information about our bodies we woke up at 6am and melted before and after the trip to help snow to water to rehydrate our women plan similar expeditions dried food. Then we packed up in the future. We learned loads, our tent and started skiing at including that women’s bodies 8am on the dot. We skied for are generally better than men’s 75 mins, then had an eight-minute at being efficient and using fat break to eat as much as we as an energy source, rather than could. Our bodies got very cold breaking down muscle. very quickly when we weren’t moving, so eight minutes was enough! It was usually around -25° C but the coldest it got to was -56° C. The NIscooemrwMeeagwiioadmneenAns rftmrroaymi.nitnhge with All photographs @ Crown copyright: Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0

oIwfwpNyoelnaoixmocnufpsnoenehirnewsdaNdiai(vtlcidienacoaesnnlaalr,dennrywdmiyolceitutsyqdhh@uGceaaegaPIsmn6tcted1eicaoao-oMdinmcln.astcaotyoooairdmfpfcwestoyniholhxasoue)r.rr Interview with a The Ice Maidens travelled on skis and pulled their equipment on sleds Q What was the most and we learned how to prevent HERO QUOTE incredible moment them rather than having to treat on your trip? them later. Sometimes we would “yAotulwh,eanyorstighdwtohatwthhinaygtoutinotthedinroek.”sitss need paracetamol for a headache A The skies and the or something, but generally we Q What advice do mountains at the beginning were all very healthy. you have for young were incredible – we couldn’t scientists? believe where we were! But after havTienagmfuIcneinMtahiedesnnsow! the first few days, we arrived at A Always do what a large, flat, white plateau with Q What’s the best thing interests you, not what nothing to see. Every day was about being a GP in you think is the right thing exactly the same. There was no the army? to do. I didn’t get straight As wildlife (because it’s too cold at school, like many medical and all the water is frozen, so A I get to be a doctor in students do, but I did well at there’s nothing to drink). We some crazy places. I science and at medical saw a lost bird one day. We have learned how to look after school because I was thought we were hallucinating, someone without needing a so interested in it. but it ate a few of our crumbs hospital. I might have to work and then flew off again. It was from the back of a car (or even Read more advice hundreds of miles from the a tank!). Sometimes it’s scary, from Nics here: nearest water source. Ultimately, but I get on with my job. It’s far bit.ly/2rUsH95 what the majority of us took more rewarding than working in away was this amazing sense a clinic back in the UK. Heating up some essential of comradeship. These girls are supplies in the snow. now as close as my sisters and we will always be linked by these whizzpopbang.com 23 experiences. Q How did your GP training help when you were on the expedition? A You need plenty of patience and passion to become a doctor, and to complete an expedition of this type. We trained in our free time for two years before we set off. As a doctor, I wonder: is this the right way? How could I help my patients more? On the expedition, I needed to question myself, to adapt and look for ways to improve, too. Because we were so well-prepared, very little went wrong. We knew what the most likely medical issues would be (like frostbite and hypothermia)

HOW STUFF Snowmobiles WORKS If you need to get around in the Arctic or Antarctic, a car or motorbike isn’t much use as it would just get stuck in the snow. What you need is something designed to cope with the most extreme winter environments on the planet… 1 The outer shell of the snowmobile is made from tough plastic or fibreglass. 2 Instead of wheels, which would get stuck in soft snow, snowmobiles slide across the ice and snow on short skis, which are also used to steer the snowmobile. 3 Just like cars, snowmobiles have shock absorbers with springs inside to absorb energy as the machine bounces over rough terrain. Find the snowmobile’s route to the research station. Check your answer on page 34. 4 Most snowmobiles are powered by a motorbike engine running on petrol, but some new models have electric motors. 24 whizzpopbang.com

12 11 Snow-coaches? The speed is In temperatures of controlled by twisting -50 °C it can get a Although not as fast as the throttle grip bit chilly riding on motorbikes, snowmobiles with one hand. a snowmobile, so a can reach some pretty high plastic windshield speeds. The world record is helps to keep the rider out of the cold wind. an amazing 277 km/h (172 mph)! 10 Pulling on the brake lever slows the machine down. 9 Riders steer snowmobiles using handlebars, which are connected to the skis. 5 6 8 Idler and Most modern Made from super-tough sprocket wheels snowmobiles only have one seat, but materials, such as Kevlar help the track run some older models smoothly and push and those designed and carbon fibre, the for touring have space it down onto the for two people. flexible track is turned by snow so that it gets 7 the engine and pushes the plenty of grip. Running out of fuel in the snowy wilderness is not a snowmobile along. good idea, so snowmobiles have a big fuel tank underneath the seat, which gives them a range of around 200 miles. whizzpopbang.com 25

10 Awesomely Amazing... WAYS T1O SURVIVETtrdwehogeoihoNounfomsrtathohnensamEsnaoudrrstvSthioi,vnueshtothohjsuPepsoritetlae?hsbolawere A high-fat diet is essential to keep energy levels up when trekking across the ice. The Inuit people traditionally eat whale and seal blubber, while explorers chomp on lots of butter and oil. Keeping clean is important to stay healthy, but how do you wash without running water? Polar explorers 2 strip naked and quickly rub themselves down with snow to wash away grime. Brrr…! 3 Frostbite is caused when skin freezes. Polar explorers know not to remove their gloves for long and to attach them to their 4 coats so they won’t lose a glove... or a finger! © Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. With temperatures as Pleased to low as -80 °C at the South eat… I mean Pole, wee freezes fast. To prevent meet you! frostbite, explorers wee into bottles inside their tents. 5 Polar bears can pose a threat in the Arctic. Curious bears can be scared off by making as much noise as possible or shooting a flare into the air. 26 whizzpopbang.com

All other images © Shutterstock © Henry Bowers AT THE POLES 6 Snowstorms bring winds of up to 80 mph. Building a wall of snow to shelter the tent can prevent it from blowing away. 7Polar explorers stay warm by wearing layers of clothing to trap air close to their bodies. Captain Scott wore woollen underwear under canvas trousers. Modern explorers use high-tech fabrics, like fleece. 8 Scientists use ground-penetrating 9 Sunlight reflecting off snow radar to check the ice for large cracks can cause snow blindness, which is sunburnt eyeballs! known as crevasses. Snow can form a thin layer over crevasses making them Protective googles prevent snow impossible to see with the naked eye. Find blindness by blocking damaging out more about crevaseese on page 35. UVA and UVB rays. 10 When Perce Blackborow was caught as a stowaway on Ernest Shackleton’s expedition, he was told that he could only stay if he agreed to be eaten first if they ran out of food! Luckily, it never came to that. © Frank Hurley whizzpopbang.com 27

Sensational Scientists Robert Falcon START and FINISH Scott wRaEsonbbgeolrratnnFdina,liPcnoly1nm8S6co8ou.ttth, SCOTT DIED Scott’s Terra Nova expedition to the South Pole ended in tragedy, but Isabel Thomas finds out how it laid the groundwork for today’s polar science. On the 17th of January 1912, Robert Falcon Scott and a small team of explorers became the second group ever to make it to the South Pole. On the way back the team faced unusually cold weather for an Antarctic summer. They never made it back to base. Months later, in November 1912, one of their tents was discovered. It was full of scientific data and specimens they had collected on their journey across Antarctica. The Terra Nova team of 38 scientists and explorers split up to go on different research journeys across Antarctica. The team collected more than 2,000 animal and fish specimens, including 400 that no one had ever seen before. These included Emperor penguin eggs collected from a colony in the middle of the Antarctic winter. A professional photographer took thousands of photographs of Antarctica and its wildlife, including the first ever films of Weddell seals and killer whales hunting! You can see the pictures at tiny.cc/4guxfz SOUTH POLE

Scott’s team recorded regular weather The men were observations in their notebooks. These dragging heavy rock are still used by scientists to compare samples with them with today’s weather patterns to help when they died. This understand climate change in Antarctica. may have slowed The team dug for fossils in them down, but they the ancient rocks that lie knew how important underneath the Antarctic ice. these samples were. Less than 500 km from the South Pole, they found the They have helped fossils of extinct plants that only scientists work out the grew in warm climates. This was history of Antarctica. evidence that Antarctica was once covered in forests! Along with Africa, Australia and India, it was once part of a giant continent with a warm climate. Scott had already travelled to Antarctica in 1901, on an expedition to map Earth’s magnetic south pole. The Terra Nova expedition took new measurements of Earth’s magnetic field, which is always changing. The Terra Nova team were some of the first people ever to visit Antarctica, so the data they collected about wildlife, weather and even bacteria can be used as a ‘baseline’. Scientists compare today’s findings with those collected on Scott’s expedition to find out how Antarctica has changed in the last 110 years. Scott’s journey is remembered as the first big polar science research expedition. The data collected by the team continues to help today’s scientists. It’s thought that data from Scott’s expedition is used by a scientist somewhere in the world every single day! Although polar expeditions are safer than they were in the 1910s, today’s polar scientists still have to battle harsh conditions to make exciting new discoveries. whizzpopbang.com 29

WTwyheoiiWtlsuchhporoiamazugdzerevPrteooiosnpbtYfoBuo’starr,enWyYsgo,oiurnanendtsaoedcdriseeoChnrtlsahuc!ereber! FoR CURIoUS KIDS I made a marine ecosystem cookie. I really enjoyed It’s really important to me making the blackberry that people understand how amazing the ocean is and ice lollies. They why we need to protect it were delicious. from things like TfhoarnykosuArnpuhsohtkoa. plastic pollution! Mia, aged 9 We put a piece of melon, mango, grape, pineapple, lime and strawberry in separate ramekins with the jelly and then recorded the results. They all set, apart from the one with pineapple in. AtheSreKareYin!thDe oeenstiarenyuonnievekrnsoew? how many stars Jessie, aged 10 This is a very tricky question! We can’t see RetyxauaepgtnneetjIiradosifnsmy3rudueaeedtAnnt5itditd0hjfee7.er,nlol,ym We reduce the plastic that we the whole universe from Earth, and even We are only buying use, so we don’t buy things if we could, there are far too many stars biscuits and shampoo with excessive plastic and we to count. Astronomers have to estimate with no palm oil in it. buy most things second hand. the answer using the best evidence we Cecily, aged 8 Alba, aged 12 have at the time. Right now, the biggest estimates are around a trillion trillion (1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000, also called a septillion) stars. As more evidence is collected, this estimate will get more accurate. For example, the European Space Agency’s Gaia mission is mapping the position, movement and brightness of a billion stars in the Milky Way – just 1% of the stars in our galaxy! THE BIG QUESTION In Issue 53, we asked: What are YOU doing to help tackle the climate crisis? 30 whizzpopbang.com

Toby’s cell-fie! DEAR Y, I went to Swansea Science Festival. I did coding to unlock a prize box, mind controlled a robot, saw some real tardigrades under a microscope, met a dinosaur and cheered on a maggot in a race. Love Toby, aged 7 ohiH5tsveh0eaeiIrv.t!yyIwbnehteIatehcsrhanaetetauiesltblmyxeawypletelaonhbrsojeiaonmlyflCeoueenodlxlOnt?ps2deforliionsiinmpgpIesensadtull,e Bobfereoesrnoetkiatvsodyaorlaaesunncoryyerrnggeetoovxlyooihe?ddiwbSsssiecct!niiieeodnnnuccsees From Laurie, aged 9 AawthteSrnacKitt’sheYsautn.!nAyWs?hhyeIr,td ahogoneu’tdgh9sthdaadrokwscogloeutrshot STAR Dark colours don’t attract more heat wttatwtttfhahctoeIhiahle’rhaoiaexmbki-tiafrsetgppfhieaebtlihcepwllyslsxomcllaar.teeeootaoniTurndadmooirauphgssdbfnibolleetehwdeidot.avosnftheannYeeelbxtntlseeoierodisehdge.xdtuxb!oCiiehdpotetcoIannonotln,afsyxaloiwmlolftroirtoisdleetnsbhfouhuoiippteacetnptign.eehebclhiglyTasnaohdoeaiiehrtustvjltostgcaoleaoepotohneasrynnhroabltartwefwdetebdnutsedomsioeuyi‘syxtottbttrneheoapohuhv?uyalueasdaaleofIrtsyrftrlphtiutbiohoimibfbeeotraepyixdaelnxlhdps.lielled’poIaelyoonfiodesmenoptettohr,n(oosthiwnehnemtuephsevh’ygtueieois,hfbcnmsilyruhoittosspomttaiu.hs,OncsbhekYdatfwdneaeniooeunellfpoonfdsluildwweoasaLnlv’eivaetvaersEtr.ehaycrrbheDtrtei!,haatTeiotcofltnahlaelooTnidtesltiolposyaitEn!st,hire)R edes–rblwaggnoehnoolsrrahoesaeooouacorkedruumbgnhgnsownnsyciyweanotdidhtntthgrslhyhhmaobgetaaaintsnh(oeenrthsddegnafaoralfatpentidaidgrtisaaasarkkhohecsrbreteweuthkshlrEaoe.pcgesaafTdcoos)rortshoktlmrfttoolheiueahangnuosnyseirgdrssrtoadmsceiosmbhuf,otuf.obltenooeoHehnfuadlwrceletottt–.ikhahngwWetailreihnhtenidneristgerhetsvgeashyfreetyabrghsahrolos,ouyeateomuvspninSrssepliu.easgeynubnhe’nsstssolh,ailrigttigbhthnhteatiditntg!gbahTryhtte,hitasheies We each fMfotraarohgtlmeauescndehIes9iss,ccBuomiueeorank5ndc0ieeee.tst, wrote a hypothesis before we started and we were right on some of them! We also aOecgnlheijvfedorimyoa8emiaadsnntItdrsdhysC5eusa,ieerirstec5slaa0iinlok.l,yne enjoyed the cakes I have stopped buying plastic Send your experiments, ideas, photos, reviews made with the bottles – it makes me remember and questions to Y@whizzpopbang.com or leftovers! to carry my water bottle from Y, Whizz Pop Bang, Unit 7, Global Business Park, home. Lila, aged 10 14 Wilkinson Road, Cirencester, GL7 1YZ. We go on climate strikes to ask for We can’t return any post, sorry. climate justice, which means that when we grow up, there will be a good environment, so that the endangered animals don’t die. Seb, aged 10

TtehssDteeaydeyo/uGwkrraMnhnuoatmowt/! How much can you remember from this issue? What’s white and goes up? Test your knowledge with our super-duper quiz. Just tick the A confused answers you think are correct, mark them using the answers snowflake! on page 34 and then add up your score. If you need some help, check out the hints at the bottom of the page. Hfroowstbdiotepowlharenexhpalvoirnegrsaawveoeid? What is MarinaTex a) T hey eat lots of butter made from? and oil 1 2 a) Plastic bags b) T hey wee into bottles inside their tents b) Seawater c) They wear woollen c) F ish waste and red algae underwear WhbyicShcoofttt’hseeas)xep2we,0ed0ri0teiaoNnniOmtTaelafaomnud?nfdish Wshnaotwims tohbeiloeumteardsehferlolmof?a a) T ough plastic 4 specimens b) Arctic lions 3 or fibreglass c) Fossils of extinct plants b) Lead c) A wall of snow What did the Ice Maidens research WVIhRarteesscetasanrocbnhesdStaoat)anrttBecisauotnitnoltor-tiiecnfhfrrtefearheeHceezkeazi?ecltrlheseeiytice during their expedition to Antarctica? 5 a) The impact of an extreme 6 b) It can be pushed challenge on women’s bodies into the sea b) H ow to train to be a doctor in the army c) The impact of polar bears on c) It can be pulled to an Antarctic expedition a new location What are scientists hoping A narwhal is what Answers on page 34. to find by drilling 3 km down kind of animal? I scored: .......... into the Antarctic ice? 1-3: W hale-y n-ice 7 a) Woolly mammoth fossils 8 a) A whale effort! b) A unicorn b) Air bubbles from the 4-6: P olar bear-illiant last million years of skills! Earth’s history c) A dolphin 7-8: Ex-seal-lent result! c) Y ellow snow Need a hint? Find the answers by reading these pages… 1) Page 26 2) Page 4 3) Page 24 4) Page 28-29 5) Page 22 6) Page 8 7) Page 11 8) Page 12 32 whizzpopbang.com

Crystal quest W IN! To be in with a chance of winning one of five awesome Magnetic Science kits, send in the answer to this joke: What do you call an old snowman? To find the answer, colour all the shapes 1-10 light blue, colour in all the shapes 11-20 in dark blue and leave all of the shapes 21-30 white. Magnetic science kit This fantastic kit contains magnets of different shapes and sizes, plus lots of components to help you explore the magical world of magnetism. Learn about magnetic poles and magnetic fields, discover how Earth behaves like a giant magnet and how we use a compass to find north. Experiment to find out how magnets interact under different conditions and make magnetic fields visible using iron filings. Plus build an electromagnet and play some fun games. The kit also includes a full-colour instruction manual. Send your answer, or a picture of your completed puzzle, to win@whizzpopbang.com * The deadline for our issue 52 with ‘Ice competition’ as the subject of your email. Alternatively, post your answer to competition is January 8th. Ice competition, Whizz Pop Bang, Unit 7, Global Business Park, 14 Wilkinson Road, Cirencester, GL7 1YZ. Please don’t forget to include your name, age and address. Deadline: February 8th The winners will be announced 2020. UK residents only. Full terms and conditions available at www.whizzpopbang.com. next month.*

JOKES girWl whteyoadtroidownnte?hbeoot WhYsaoatuIy’dlhltiadgonotgthohaenerwoasuhconoeadlarlydfa!?hnadt snoawWbmHahaegynhwowirsafuasmcsnaomptsirachrekgeo!iitnnsgg?in Schhwaeanshceeaarod5f 0st%hneorwe! WlihkyNeodlriovtihnpgoPlaoalret?btehaers wmShoeunnnoWwtiath’iacsntascpdsowol!dea?r Beccaouosel!it’s Page 8 – True/Untrue Page 9 – Krill matching pair Answers UNTRUE: They get the same number Page 12 – True/Untrue Page 20 – Snowflake search of hours of sunlight, but they’re not TRUE: Narwhal comes from an old The snowflakes that can be made using spread out evenly across the year. Norse word that means ‘corpse’ or a-d are: Each pole is tilted away from the Sun dead body. They were given this name 1 26 for half the year and towards the Sun because of their deathly grey colour for the other six months. Even in polar and habit of floating near the surface Page 24 – Snowmobile route summers, the sunlight reaching the of the sea like a dead sailor! surface is very spread out, and most of Page 13 – Word change puzzle it is reflected back to space by snow FACE ➝ LACE ➝ LICE ➝ LICK ➝ KICK ➝ and ice. TICK ➝ TUCK ➝ TUSK Page 17 – Riddles Page 8 – True/Untrue 1. Ice. 2. An icicle. UNTRUE: There is one insect that is 3. White. The only place you can hike native to Antarctica – a midge called three miles south, then three miles Belgica antarctica. east, and then three miles north and end up back at your starting point is Page 9 – Picture crossword the North Pole. The only bears that can be found at the North Pole are polar M PUFF IN bears and their fur looks white! OA GR OUND S QU I RRE L SE W EA H P O L ARBEAR L Page 32 – Quiz 7) b 1) b 3) a 5) a 8) a 2) c 4) b 6) c

SsPcECiTeACnUcLAeR Crevasse Ice sheets and glaciers can have deep cracks in them, known as crevasses. They form because different layers within the ice sometimes move at different rates, causing pressure to build up. When the pressure is great enough, the ice cracks. Crevasses can be very dangerous, as they are often hidden by a layer of snow. Explorers use ground penetrating radar (GPR) to detect hidden crevasses. An antenna sends pulses of radar energy into the ice and snow, some of which is reflected back. A computer records the strength of the reflected signal to work out where there are gaps under the snow. © Shutterstock

SUTBOSDCARYIB! E Science teaching resources We pack lab-loads of hands-on + NFoEWr schoolsand reading packs! experiments, puzzles and awesome whizzpopbang.com/schools science news into each month’s magazine, sparking imaginations and inspiring ! < Scie ISSN 2399-2840 the scientists of the future! dial Whizz Pop Bang is available via ISSN 2399-2840 subscription from whizzpopbang.com. ISSN 2399-2840 THE AWESOME SCIENCE MAGAZINE FOR KIDS! camelsTHE AWtEuSrtnhpiOenogwsMMcepireeeeenEttinistStoCdIeENseTCrErteMwkiAthtGhceAoZoIlNE FOR KIDS! 4 Educational and fun Sufmunm!erTHE AWESOME SCIENCE MrMaADceeerGrtRaAwnohrdZeyeIilnCcNvhoeaonEiprteorFr OR KIDS! 4 tAowtreysoamt ehoemxpeeriments Why the thReacSeu a yoocuuhrraCcwrotehl!eeoucwrkith 4 Free UK delivery Sun is the 4 Linked to the boss of you! 4 National Curriculum rounngdame Literacy as well as science et you i 10 Hellonce to g WVHWEEHAEICCLKELYEDS Make a sun puMlaclk-aebraack n a spin Soak up so me seriously sunny sci ence MPCIAANMKHEEORLAAE wfeMaeak!eke PriceSCunrseaarttefrom justEXPERIMENTSRACE WHIZZPOPEBAXNPGE.CROMIMIESSNUTE S48 WWHEINEDLS! FACTS SCIENCE NEWS FWAHCIZTZSPOPSBCAEINEXG.NCPOECMRE ISSUE 49 S PUZZLES AMAZING PU ZZ LE S INMEEWNST AMAZINGWWFWA.WCTHISZZPSOCPBIAENNG.CCOEMNIESSWUES47 PUZZLES AMAZING £3.33 per magazine (£39.99/year) SUBSCRIBE NOW whizzpopbang.com/subscribe