Copy of Body Systems Flip-book

Body Systems Flip-bookIntegumentaryMusculoskeletalRespiratory

Integumentary - Body Systems Flip-bookFunctions: Diseases:Protection- from ultraviolet rays and diseases Acne vulgaris- inflammation of the sebaceous glandsSensory Perception- like pain, temperature, and Athlete’s Foot- contagious fungal infectiontouch Dermatitis- inflammation of the skin caused by an irritantRegulates body temperature- through blood Eczema- non contagious inflammatory skin conditionStorage- of fats, sugars, water, vitamins and saltAbsorption- of medications Healthcare Careers:Gets rid of salt, excess water and heat Dermatologists- physicians who studies the functions of skinProduction- of vitamin D Cosmetologists- helps treat patients skin, hair and nails.The different layers of the skin:Epidermis- top layer of skin, cells are constantly shed and replacedDermis- middle layer of skin, contains tissue, blood vessels, nerves, hair and glandsHypodermis- bottom layer, contains tissue and fatty tissueOther vocabSudoriferous glands- sweat glandsSebaceous glands- oil glands that open onto hair folliclesHair- helps protect the bodyNails- helps protect the fingers and toes from injuryMelanin- brownish-black pigment in the epidermis which helps determine skin colorCarotene- yellowish red pigment in the epidermis which helps determine skin colorAlbinism- skin condition: no skin pigment, skin has pinkish tint.

Nervous -Body Systems Flip-book Functions: Transmits important signals and information throughout the body2 parts of the nervous system:Peripheral nervous system- Nerves outside the brain and spinal cord; cranial, spinal, and autonomic nerves.Central nervous system- Brain and spinal cordvocabulary:Cognition- describes the mental activities like thinking, learning, and memory.Ventricles- Canals in the brain.Sympathetic nerves- nerves which influence bodily functions involuntarily in times of stress.Spinal nerves- 31 pairs of nerves that come from the spinal cordSpinal cord- major part of the central nervous system, conducts nerve impulses to and from the brain.Neuron- Nerve cell that carries impulses throughout the body.Parasympathetic nerves- Involuntary nerves which regulate normal body functions: heart rate, breathing, somemusclesNeurotransmitter- Chemical messengers released at the end of a nerve. Diseases: Alzheimer disease- brain disorder, personalityHealthcare Careers: changes, and impairment of daily functioningPsychiatrist: medical Epilepsy- chronic brain disorder with recurrentdoctor that treats mental seizure activity.disorders Huntington's disease- involuntaryNeuroscience Nurse- movements/mental deterioration. Myasthenia gravis- An autoimmune disordercares for patients withdisorders of the brain characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles.

Respiratory -Body Systems Flip-bookFunctions: Diseases:series of organs responsible for taking in Sarcoidosis- Chronic disease, small tubercles develop in the lungs,oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide lymph nodes other organs. Emphysema- pathological condition of the lungs marked by an increase in the size of the air spaces Pneumonia- An acute or chronic disease marked by inflammation of theVocabulary: lungs and caused by viruses, bacteria, etcNose- nostrils: helps with air/respiration, nose hairs: catch airborne particles, prevent them from Asthma- A chronic respiratory disease, often arising from allergies, that is caused by sudden recurring attacks of labored breathing, chestreaching the lungs. constriction, and coughing.Turbinate- long, narrow and curled bone shelf which goes into the breathing passage of the nose.Sinus- a sack or cavity in any organ or tissue, or an abnormal cavity or passage caused by thedestruction of tissue.Paranasal sinuses- air-filled spaces, communicating with the nasal cavity,Pharynx- extends from the mouth and nasal cavities to the larynxLarynx- Voice boxTrachea- A thin-walled, tube descending from the larynx to the bronchi and carrying air to the lungs.Bronchi- The two main branches of the trachea, leading directly to the lungs.Bronchiole- The fine, thin-walled, tubular extensions of a bronchus.Alveoli- thin-walled, capillary-rich sac in the lung where the exchange of Oxygen and Carbon dioxideHealthcare Careers:Pulmonologist- specialist in respiratory diseases.allergist- specializes in allergies, asthma, and allergic asthma.

Musculoskeletal- Body Systems Flip-bookFunctions: Healthcare Careers:Both the muscular and skeletal systems work together to provide the body with Orthopedist- physician who specializes in orthopedics, bone related injuriesform, stability, support and movement. Osteopathic- physician who specializes in osteopathyVocabulary:Calcium- a mineral in bones.Periosteum- outermost layer of the bone, made up of tissueFracture- broken bonesmooth muscles-located in internal organsskeletal muscles- attached to bones by tendons, make body movement possible.Aponeurosis- sheet of tissue that acts as a tendon to attach muscle to boneTendon- band of connective tissue that attaches muscle to bonecardiac muscle- forms most of the wall of the heartLigament- flexible, tough band of connective tissue that attaches one bone toanother at a jointcompact bone- dense, hard layers of bone tissuecancellous bone- spongy, in the layers of compact boneDiseases:Osteoporosis- abnormal loss of bone density, leads to anincrease in fracturesmyasthenia gravis- chronic disease of muscle weaknessmuscular dystrophy- group of hereditary disease characterizedby muscle weakness

Special senses -Body Systems Flip-book Functions:Vocabulary: Consists of the 5 senses: sight, hearing, taste, touch, smell.Gustatory- Taste All work together to help the body be aware of their surroundingsOlfaction- The process of perceiving smellsTaste buds- composed of Gustatory receptors, which are surrounded by supporting cellsolfactory receptors- cells that respond to odorPhotoreceptors- makes Vision is possible , they perceive lightpupil -part of the eye that allows light to pass into the back of the eyeInternal ear- region of the ear that transmits sound and balance information to the brainthe external ear- region of the ear, collects and channel sound wavesmiddle ear- region of the ear uses a bony system to amplify sound vibrationsOtolithic Membrane- membrane responds to gravity when head position is changed.Diseases:Otosclerosis- Progressive deafnessPresbycusis- Impairment of hearing that results from the aging processAnacusis- Total deafnessBlepharoptosis- drooping of the upper eyelid that is usually due to paralysisHealthcare Careers:Ophthalmologist- specializes in eye and visionOtolaryngologist specializes in problems of the ear, nose and throat

Cardiovascular-Body Systems Flip-bookVocabulary: Functions:Atrium- upper right or left chamber of the heart Transports Blood which circulates through a network ofVentricle- lower right or left chamber of the heart vessels throughout the body to provide individual cells withEpicardium- membrane forming the outer layer of the heart oxygen and nutrients and helps get rid of wastes.Pericardium- protective sac enclosing the heartheart valves- structures in the heart that open/close with the heartbeat to regulate the one-way flow of bloodArteries- vessels that carry blood from the heart to the bodyVeins- vessels that carry blood back to the heartsystemic circulation- circulation of the blood throughout the blood vessels to deliver oxygen and nutrients to body tissuescoronary circulation- circulation of the blood through the coronary blood vessels to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the heartmuscle tissuepulmonary circulation- circulation of the blood from the pulmonary artery through the vessels in the lungs and back to the heartvia the pulmonary vein, providing for the exchange of gasesDiseases:deep vein thrombosis (DVT)- formation of a clot in a deep vein of the bodyrheumatic heart disease- damage to heart muscle/ heart valves by rheumatic feverhypertension (HTN)- persistently high blood pressurecoronary artery disease (CAD) a condition affecting arteries of the heart, reduces the flowof blood and the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the myocardiumHealthcare Careers:Cardiologist- A cardiologist treats patients for heart disorders related to blood vessels

Urinary-Body Systems Flip-bookfunction is to remove liquid waste from the blood in the form of Diseases:and keep a stable balance of salts and other substances in the erythrocytosis:inflammation of the urethra and the bladderblood; Nephrolithiasis: condition of stone(s) in the kidneyVocabulary: Hydronephrosis: abnormal condition of water in the kidneyUreters: two slender tubes, that receive the urine from the kidneys and carry iut rtionary tract infection (UTI): infection of one or more organs ofthe bladder the urinary tractKidneys: two organs, They remove waste products from the blood and to aid inmaintaining water balances Healthcare Careers:Urethra: lowest part of the urinary tract, through which the urine passes from tUhreologist: a physician who studies and treats diseases of theurinary bladder to the outside of the body. urinary tracturinary bladder: muscular, hollow organ that temporarily holds urine. Nephrologist: a physician who studies and treats diseases of therenal pelvis: funnel-shaped, collects the urine and passes it to the ureter kidneyCatheter: flexible, tube-like device, for withdrawing or instilling fluidsurinary meatus: opening through which the urine passes to the outsideGlomerulus: cluster of capillaries at the entrance of the nephron. process offiltering the blood, forming urine, begins hereNephron: urine producing microscopic structure. Approximately 1 million of theseare located in each kidneyrenal calculus: stone in the kidney

Digestive-Body Systems Flip-bookFunctions: Diseases:converts food into nutrients that the body needs Stomatomycosis: any disease of the mouth due to a fungus periodontal disease: an inflammation of the tissues that surround and support the teeth anorexia nervosa: an eating disorder characterized by a falseVocabulary: perception of body appearancesmall intestine-coiled organ up to 20 feet in length Cheilosis: a disorder of the lips characterized by crack-like sores at theSaliva- colorless liquid, begins the digestive process, and lubricacteosrnfeorosdof the mouthduring chewing/ swallowingAbsorption: process by which completely digested nutrients are Healthcare Careers:transported to the cells throughout the body Proctologist: a physician who specializes in disorders of the colon,Anus: the lower opening of the digestive tract rectum, and anusBile: a digestive juice secreted by the liver Periodontist: a dental specialist who prevents or treats disorders of theGallbladder: a pear-shaped organ under the liver tissues surrounding the teethLiver: a large organ located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomenMalnutrition: lack of proper food/nutrients in the body due to a shortageof foodStomach: a sac-like organ composed of the fundus, body, and antrumRectum: the widest division of the large intestine

Reproductive -Body Systems Flip-bookFunctions: Healthcare Careers:female reproductive system: to produce egg cells,to protect obstetrician: specializes in the medical and surgical care of theand nourish the offspring until birth. female reproductive system and its associated disordersMale reproductive system: to produce and deposit urogynecologist: specializes in female reproductive problems.reproductive cellsVocabulary:Gonad: produces the reproductive cellUterus: a muscular organ that prepares to receive and nurture the fertilized egg cellPuberty: the stage of development when the body starts to matureMenstruation: periodic month bloody dischargegraafian follicle: a small ovarian pit that contains fluid and surrounds an ovumOvulation: the release of the ovumtestosterone:major male hormoneMittelschmerz: abdominal pains in the region of an ovary during ovulation