Body Systems Flip-book

Key Terms: Functions: Diseases: Protection- from ultraviolet rays and pathogens Acne vulgaris- inflammation of the sebaceous glands derm/o, dermat/o skin Sensory Perception- like pain, temperature, and touch Athlete’s Foot- contagious fungal infection kerat/o horny tissue, hard Regulation of body temperature- through blood Dermatitis- inflammation of the skin caused by an irritant xer/o dry Storage- of fats, sugars, water, vitamins and salt Eczema- non contagious inflammatory skin condition xanth/o yellow Absorption- of medications erythr/o red Excretion- of salt, excess water and heat Healthcare Careers: pedicu/o louse,lice Production- of vitamin D Dermatologists- physicians who studies the functions of skin onych/o fingernail or toenail Cosmetologists- helps treat patients skin, hair and nails. myc/o fungus pil/o hair Vocabulary: lip/o fat, lipid Epidermis- top layer of skin, cells are constantly shed and replaced rhytid/o wrinkle Dermis- middle layer of skin, contains connective tissue, blood vessels, nerves, hair and albin/o white glands Hypodermis- bottom layer, contains connective tissue and adipose (fatty) tissue Sudoriferous glands- sweat glands Sebaceous glands- oil glands that open onto hair follicles Hair- helps protect the body Nails- helps protect the fingers and toes from injury Melanin- brownish-black pigment in the epidermis which helps determine skin color Carotene- yellowish red pigment in the epidermis which helps determine skin color Albinism- skin condition: absence of skin pigment, skin has pinkish tint.

Key Terms: Vocabulary: Peripheral nervous system- Nerves outside the brain and spinal cord; cranial,neur/o -nerve spinal, and autonomic nerves.encephal/o -brain Central nervous system- Brain and spinal cordmyel/o -spinal cord, (and bone Cognition- describes the mental activities associated with thinking, learning, and Diseases:marrow) memory. Alzheimer disease- brain disorder, progressive Ventricles- Canals in the brain which contain cerebrospinal fluid. mental deterioration, personality changes, andambu/o -walking impairment of daily functioning Sympathetic nerves- Autonomic nerves which influence bodily functions Epilepsy- chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizure activity.-esthesia -sensation,feeling involuntarily in times of stress. Huntington's disease- hereditary , degenerative changes in the cerebrum: abrupt, involuntarymening/o -membranes/ meninges Spinal nerves- 31 pairs of nerves arising from the spinal cord movements/mental deterioration.psych/o -the mind Spinal cord- major part of the central nervous system, conducts sensory and Myasthenia gravis- An autoimmuneconcuss/o -shaken together motor nerve impulses to and from the brain. neuromuscular disorder characterized by Neuron- Nerve cell that carries impulses throughout the body. weakness of voluntary muscles.Functions: Parasympathetic nerves- Involuntary, autonomic nerves, regulate normal bodyTransmits important signals and information functions: heart rate, breathing, some musclesthroughout the body Neurotransmitter- Chemical messengers released at the end of a nerve. Healthcare Careers:M.D. who diagnoses and treats mental disorders. PsychiatristNeuroscience Nurse- cares for patients with neurologicaldisorders and assists other neuroscience-related health careprofessionals.

Key Terms: Functions: Diseases: series of organs responsible for taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide Sarcoidosis- Chronic inflammatory disease, smallbronch/o -bronchus nodules/tubercles develop in the lungs, lymph nodes other organs.cyan/o -blue Vocabulary: Emphysema- pathological condition of the lungs marked by anlaryng/o -larynx Nose- nostrils: admit/expel air/respiration, nose hairs: catch airborne particles, prevent them from abnormal increase in the size of the air spaces Pneumonia- An acute or chronic disease marked by-oxia -oxygenation reaching the lungs. inflammation of the lungs and caused by viruses, bacteria, etcOxy- shrill, sharp pointed Turbinate- long, narrow and curled bone shelf which protrudes into the breathing passage of the nose. Asthma- A chronic respiratory disease, often arising frompleur/o -rib Sinus- a sack or cavity in any organ or tissue, or an abnormal cavity or passage caused by the allergies, that is characterized by sudden recurring attacks of destruction of tissue. labored breathing, chest constriction, and coughing.pneum/o ari,gas Paranasal sinuses- air-filled spaces, communicating with the nasal cavity, Healthcare Careers: Pulmonologist- specialist in respiratory diseases. allergist- specializes in allergies, asthma, and allergic asthma.pulmon/o lung Pharynx- The section of alimentary canal, extends from the mouth and nasal cavities to the larynxthorac/ot thorax Larynx- Voice box Trachea- A thin-walled, cartilaginous tube descending from the larynx to the bronchi and carrying air totrache/o trachea the lungs. Bronchi- The two main branches of the trachea, leading directly to the lungs. Bronchiole- The fine, thin-walled, tubular extensions of a bronchus. Alveoli- thin-walled, capillary-rich sac in the lung where the exchange of O and CO2

Key Terms: Healthcare Careers: Orthopedist- physician my/o- muscle Functions: who specializes in myel/o- bone marrow Both the muscular and skeletal systems work together to provide the body with orthopedics oste/o- bone form, stability, support and movement. Osteopath- physician cost/o- rib crani/o- cranium Vocabulary: who specializes in Calcium- One of the mineral constituents of bone. osteopathy Periosteum- outermost layer of the bone, made up of fibrous tissue -pexy- fixation Fracture- broken bone chondr/o- cartilage smooth muscles-located in internal organs such as the walls of blood vessels and arthr/o- joints the digestive tract. -plegia- paralysis skeletal muscles- attached to bones by tendons, make body movement possible.produce action by pulling and working in pairs kinesi/o- movement, motion Aponeurosis- sheet of tissue that acts as a tendon to attach muscle to boneDiseases: Tendon- band of fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to boneOsteoporosis- abnormal loss of bone densitycardiac muscle- forms most of the wall of the heart. Its involuntary contractionthat may lead to an increase in fractures produces the heartbeatmyasthenia gravis- chronic disease of muscle Ligament- flexible, tough band of fibrous connective tissue that attaches oneweakness, caused by defects in the bone to another at a jointtransmission of impulses from nerve to muscle compact bone- dense, hard layers of bone tissue that lie underneath thecell. periosteummuscular dystrophy- group of hereditary disease cancellous bone- contains little spaces like a sponge and is encased in the layerscharacterized by degeneration of muscle and of compact boneweakness

Vocabulary: Functions: Gustatory- Taste Consists of the 5 senses: sight, hearing, taste, touch, smell.Key Terms: Olfaction- The process of perceiving smells is known as what? All work together to help the body be aware of their surroundingsirid/o -iris Taste buds- composed of Gustatory receptors, which are surrounded by supporting cells-cusis -hearing olfactory receptors- type of cells within the olfactory epithelium that respond to odor Photoreceptors- makes Vision is possible , they perceive light-opia- vision condition pupil -part of the eye that allows light to pass into the back of the eyeot/o -ear Internal ear- region of the ear generates action potentials to transmit sound and balance information to the braintympan/o tympani cavity/membrane the external ear- region of the ear uses air to collect and channel sound wavesopthalm/o -eye middle ear- region of the ear uses a bony system to amplify sound vibrations Otolithic Membrane- membrane responds to gravity when head position is changed.-metry - measurementDiseases:Otosclerosis- Progressive deafnessPresbycusis- Impairment of hearing that results from the aging processAnacusis- Total deafnessBlepharoptosis- drooping of the upper eyelid that is usually due to paralysisHealthcare Careers:Ophthalmologist- specializes in eye and visionOtolaryngologist specializes in problems of the ear, nose and throat

Key Terms:cardi/o -heart Diseases: Functions:angi/o -vessel deep vein thrombosis (DVT)- formation of a clot in a deep vein of the body Transports Blood which circulates through a network ofhem/o, hemat/o rheumatic heart disease- damage to heart muscle and heart valves by rheumatic fever (a vessels throughout the body to provide individual cells withBrady- slow streptococcal infection) oxygen and nutrients and helps dispose of wastes.Tachy- rapid, fast hypertension (HTN)- persistently high blood pressurethromb/o -clot coronary artery disease (CAD) a condition affecting arteries of the heart that reduces the flow of blood and the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the myocardium; most often caused by atherosclerosis-emia -referring to the presence of a substancein the blood. Healthcare Careers:leuk/o white Cardiologist- A cardiologist treats patients for heart disorders related to blood vessels and blockages.erythr/o red Electrophysiologist- An electrophysiologist examines the heart’s electrical impulses Vocabulary:arteri/o -artery Atrium- upper right or left chamber of the heart Ventricle- lower right or left chamber of the heart Epicardium- membrane forming the outer layer of the heart Pericardium- protective sac enclosing the heart heart valves- structures within the heart that open and close with the heartbeat to regulate the one-way flow of blood Arteries- vessels that carry blood from the heart to the body Veins- vessels that carry blood back to the heart systemic circulation- circulation of the blood throughout the blood vessels to deliver oxygen and nutrients to body tissues coronary circulation- circulation of the blood through the coronary blood vessels to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle tissue pulmonary circulation- circulation of the blood from the pulmonary artery through the vessels in the lungs and back to the heart via the pulmonary vein, providing for the exchange of ga

Key Terms: Vocabulary:-cele -hernia Ureters: two slender tubes, that receive the urine from the kidneys and carry it to-lysis -loosening the posterior portion of the bladder Diseases: erythrocytosis:inflammation of the urethra and the bladdercyst/o -bladder,sac Kidneys: two organs, They remove waste products from the blood and to aid innephr/o -kidney Nephrolithiasis: condition of stone(s) in the kidneyren/o -kidney maintaining water and electrolyte balances Hydronephrosis: abnormal condition of water in the kidney-uria -urine,urination Urethra: lowest part of the urinary tract, through which the urine passes from the urinary tract infection (UTI): infection of one or more organs of-pexy -fixation urinary bladder to the outside of the body. the urinary tract-ectasis -dilatation urinary bladder: muscular, hollow organ that temporarily holds the urine.pyel/o -renal pelvisFunctions: renal pelvis: funnel-shaped reservoir that collects the urine and passes it to theto remove liquid waste from Healthcare Careers:the blood in the form of ureter Urologist: a physician who studies and treats diseases of theurine; keep a stablebalance of salts and other Catheter: flexible, tube-like device, such as a urinary catheter, for withdrawing ourrinary tractsubstances in the blood;and produce erythropoietin, instilling fluids Nephrologist: a physician who studies and treats diseases ofa hormone that aids theformation of red blood cells. urinary meatus: opening through which the urine passes to the outside the kidney Glomerulus: cluster of capillaries at the entrance of the nephron. process of filtering the blood, forming urine, begins here Nephron: urine producing microscopic structure. Approximately 1 million of these are located in each kidney renal calculus: stone in the kidney

Key Terms: Functions: Diseases: converts food into nutrients that the body needscholecyst/o -gallbladder Stomatomycosis: any disease of the mouth due to a fungus Vocabulary: periodontal disease: an inflammation of the tissues thatenter/o -small intestines small intestine-coiled organ up to 20 feet in length, extendssutroround and support the teethcol/o, colon/o -colon the first part of the large intestine anorexia nervosa: an eating disorder characterized by a falsehepat/o -liver Saliva- colorless liquid that moistens the mouth, begins theperception of body appearancegastr/o -stomach digestive process, and lubricates food during chewing/ Cheilosis: a disorder of the lips characterized by crack-likeor/o -mouth,oral cavity-pepsia -digestion swallowing sores at the corners of the mouthchol/e -bileproct/o -rectum and Absorption: the process by which completely digestedanus nutrients are transported to the cells throughout the body Healthcare Careers: Proctologist: a physician who specializes in disorders of the Anus: the lower opening of the digestive tract colon, rectum, and anus Bile: a digestive juice secreted by the liver Periodontist: a dental specialist who prevents or treats Gallbladder: a pear-shaped organ about the size of an egg disorders of the tissues surrounding the teeth located under the liver Liver: a large organ located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen Malnutrition: lack of proper food/nutrients in the body due to a shortage of food Stomach: a sac-like organ composed of the fundus, body, and antrum Rectum: the widest division of the large intestine

Key Terms: Functions: Diseases: female reproductive system: to produce egg cells,to protect Orchiopathy: disease of the testes and nourish the offspring until birth. prostatic carcinoma: cancer of the prostate Male reproductive system: to produce and deposit sperm. erectile dysfunction: male impotencecervic/o -uterine cervix Vocabulary: Salpingitis: inflammation of the fallopian tubesalping/o -fallopian tube Gonad: produces the reproductive cellov/o -ovaryorchid/o -testicles Uterus: a muscular organ that prepares to receive and nurHtueraelthcare Careers:oophor/o -ovarymen/o -month the fertilized ovum obstetrician: specializes in the medical and surgical care of themamm/o - breast Puberty: the stage of development when genitalia reach female reproductive system and its associated disorders urogynecologist specializes in female urological problems. maturity and secondary sex characteristics appear Menstruation: periodic month bloody discharge from the shedding of the endometrium graafian follicle: a small ovarian recess or pit that contains fluidgynec/o -woman and surrounds an ovum (egg)colp/o -vagina Ovulation: the release of the ovum from the follicleprostat/o -prostate Spermatogenesis: the production of sperm testosterone:major male sex hormone Ejaculation: the expulsion of semen from the urethra Mittelschmerz: abdominal pains in the region of an ovary during ovulation