3RD INTERNATIONAL ORNAMENTAL FISH TRADE AND TECHNICAL VIRTUAL CONFERENCE

3RD INTERNATIONAL ORNAMENTAL FISH TRADE AND TECHNICAL VIRTUAL CONFERENCE Sustainability and the future of the Ornamental fish industry 3RD INTERNATIONAL ORNAMENTAL FISH TRADE AND TECHNICAL VIRTUAL CONFERENCE Sustainability and the future of the Ornamental fish industry 25 - 26 February 2021 1130 hours (GMT/UTC +8hrs) jointly organised by: Network Partners: Ornamental Fish 1 EXPORT DEVELOPMENT BOARD SRI LANKA International

3RD INTERNATIONAL ORNAMENTAL FISH TRADE AND TECHNICAL VIRTUAL CONFERENCE Sustainability and the future of the Ornamental fish industry CONTENTS 2

3RD INTERNATIONAL ORNAMENTAL FISH TRADE AND TECHNICAL VIRTUAL CONFERENCE Sustainability and the future of the Ornamental fish industry 3

3RD INTERNATIONAL ORNAMENTAL FISH TRADE AND TECHNICAL VIRTUAL CONFERENCE Sustainability and the future of the Ornamental fish industry PROGRAMME 4

3RD INTERNATIONAL ORNAMENTAL FISH TRADE AND TECHNICAL VIRTUAL CONFERENCE Sustainability and the future of the Ornamental fish industry 3RD INTERNATIONAL ORNAMENTAL FISH TRADE AND TECHNICAL VIRTUAL CONFERENCE THEME: SUSTAINABILITY AND THE FUTURE OF THE ORNAMENTAL FISH INDUSTRY DATE: 25TH – 26TH FEBRUARY 2021 Time: 1130hrs (Malaysia time GMT /UTC +8 hrs) Day 1 – Thursday 25 February 2021 11.30-11.55am Opening Remarks by Director of INFOFISH, Shirlene Anthonysamy Opening Address by the Honorable Kanchana Wijesekera, Sri Lanka’s State Minister for Ornamental Fish, Inland Fish and Shrimp Farming, Fishery Harbor Development, Multi-Day Fishing and Fish Exports. 11.55-12.15 Keynote address: Global Perspective of the Ornamental Fish Industry – New Era Shane Wills (President, Ornamental Fish International) SESSION I: ORNAMENTAL INDUSTRY STATUS, SUPPLY, TRADE AND MARKETS Moderator: Shane Willis (President, Ornamental Fish International) 12.15-12.30 The US Market for Ornamental Fish Mike Tuccinardi (Senior Editor & Associate Publisher/Consultant, Reef to Rainforest Media/ Blackwater Consulting, USA) 12.30-12.45 Market Trends for Ornamental Fishes in Europe Paul Bakuwel (Secretary General, Ornamental Fish International, The Netherlands) 12.45-13.00 The China Ornamental Fish Industry Professor Zaizhong Chen (Vice Dean, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, China) 13.00-13.20 Discussion 13.20-13.35 Philippines Ornamental Fish Industry Dr Maria Mutia (Chief, Science Research Specialist, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Philippines) 13.35-13.50 Sri Lanka Ornamental Fish Industry Chrishantha Alexander (President, Association of Live Tropical Fish Exporters of Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka) 13.50-14.05 India Ornamental Fish Industry Dr. Mini Sekharan (Assistant Professor, School of Industrial Fisheries, Cochin University of Science and Technology, India) 14.05-14.25 Discussion 14.25-14.55 BREAK 5

3RD INTERNATIONAL ORNAMENTAL FISH TRADE AND TECHNICAL VIRTUAL CONFERENCE Sustainability and the future of the Ornamental fish industry SESSION II: MARKET ACCESS AND BARRIERS Moderator: Dr Mini Sekharan (Assistant Professor, School of Industrial Fisheries, Cochin University of Science and Technology, India) 14.55-15.10 Non-Tariff Trade Barriers to Ornamental Aquatic Trade on the Increase Svein Fossa (Vice President, Ornamental Fish Ornamental (OFI), President European Pet Organization, Norway) 15.10-15.25 Sri Lanka’s importing rules and regulations for ornamental fish species Dr. Jayasinghe Mudalige Asoka (Director - Coastal Aquaculture Development, National Aquaculture Development Authority of Sri Lanka) 15.25-15.40 Biosecurity Considerations for the Ornamental Fish Industry Dr. Tim Miller Morgan (Lead, Aquatic Animal Health Program Oregon Sea Grant/Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine Oregon State University, USA) 15.40-15.55 Discussions and End of Day 1   Day 2 – Friday 26 February 2021 SESSION III: FARMING AND FISH HEALTH Moderator: Svein Fossa (Vice President, Ornamental Fish Ornamental (OFI), President European Pet Organization, Norway) 11.30-11.45 Industry Updates on Discus Fish focusing on Phenotypic Characteristics, Domestication, Markets and Health Martin Ng (Founder President - Discus Society, Malaysia) 11.45-12.00 Genetic and Genomic tools in the Ornamental Fish Industry Kapila Tissera (Independent Consultant, Sri Lanka) 12.00-12.15 IATA and the Aquarium Trade Marshall Meyers (Attorney, N. Marshall Meyers, PLLC, USA) 12.15-12.35 Discussion 12.35-12.50 Ornamental Fish Farming Innovation in Feeding and Rearing Technology Shane Willis (President, Ornamental Fish International (OFI), The Netherlands) 12.50-13.05 Ornamental Fish Disease Dr. Richmond Loh (Aquatic Veterinarian & Veterinary Pathologist, The Fish Vet, Australia) 13.05-13.20 Discussion 13.20-13.50 BREAK 6

3RD INTERNATIONAL ORNAMENTAL FISH TRADE AND TECHNICAL VIRTUAL CONFERENCE Sustainability and the future of the Ornamental fish industry SESSION IV: MARINE ORNAMENTAL FISH BREEDING AND REARING Moderator: Kapila Tissera (Independent Consultant, Sri Lanka) 13.50-14.05 From Reef to Retail:  A Comprehensive Approach to Sustainable Marine Ornamental Fisheries Dr Paul Anderson (Founder, Coral Reef Aquarium Fisheries Campaign) 14.05-14.20 Maintaining wild populations of marine aquarium organisms and supporting the livelihoods of Indonesian marine aquarium fishers Gayatri Reksodihardjo-Lilley (Founder & Director, Yayasan Alam Indonesia Lestari – The Indonesian Nature Foundation, Indonesia) 14.20-14.35 Coral Farming Practices from Indonesia Kelvin Brian Lee (Secretary General AKKII & General Manager Viva Marine, Indonesia) 14.35-14.50 Marine Ornamental Aquaculture, Status and Challenges, Dr Ricardo Calado (Principal Researcher at Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology of the University of Aveiro, Portugal) 14.50-15.05 Discussion 15.05-15.20  Closing Remarks and End of Programme 7

3RD INTERNATIONAL ORNAMENTAL FISH TRADE AND TECHNICAL VIRTUAL CONFERENCE Sustainability and the future of the Ornamental fish industry OPENING ADDRESS Honorable Kanchana Wijesekera, Sri Lanka`s State Minister for Ornamental Fish, Inland Fish and Shrimp Farming, Fishery Harbour Development, Multi-Day Fishing and Fish Exports. Ayubowan, Good Morning Director of INFOFISH, All Country Representatives, Ladies and Gentlemen It is a pleasure to address the inauguration of the third international conference on “Sustainability and the future of the Ornamental Fish Industry” organized by the INFOFISH in collaboration with the Export Development Board of Sri Lanka and the Ornamental fish International. I would like to extend my sincere appreciation for organizing this important event and for extending an invitation to address this conference. I understand that similar conferences have been conducted successfully in Sri Lanka in 2015 and 2017. I am pleased to see that Ornamental Fish International, which is playing a key role in the world ornamental fish sector too has joined INFOFISH and Export Development Board in organizing this important event. Ornamental fish keeping is a centuries old popular hobby with growing interest, which has resulted in steady expansion of its trade involving more than 125 countries. Sri Lanka is the home for 111 ornamental fish species living in fresh water and, marine habitats and reputed as a supplier of good quality fish to the international market. Sri Lanka’s Ornamental fish exports consist of 70% of freshwater ornamentals and 30% of marine ornamentals. During the last decade Sri Lanka’s ornamental fish exports showed a compounded annual growth rate of 7.2% 8

3RD INTERNATIONAL ORNAMENTAL FISH TRADE AND TECHNICAL VIRTUAL CONFERENCE Sustainability and the future of the Ornamental fish industry in value, when compared to the compounded growth rate of 3.2% observed during 2001 to 2010 period. Fancy guppy varieties from Sri Lanka have become very popular all over the world and fancy guppies contribute to 65% of our freshwater ornamental fish export volumes. Although in 2019 Sri Lanka exported ornamental fish to 76 countries, 80% of that export volume were to 11 countries. Sri Lanka was the 9th ranked country among tropical fish exporting countries, contributing 5% to the value of world ornamental fish exports. Although a proper estimate is not available, it is believed that volume of ornamental fish traded in Sri Lanka’s local market too is considerably high. Ornamental fish trade all over the world provides for the livelihood of millions of people, in the western industrialized world as well as in the tropical developing countries. Ornamental fish industry in Sri Lanka which consist of capture from the wild, breeding, farming, transport, packing, exports and retail trade involves more than 30,000 people providing livelihood opportunities and additional income. It is more important to note that majority of ornamental fish producing centers in Sri Lanka are located in rural areas, which facilitates strengthening rural economies. Government of Sri Lanka has given high priority for the development of Ornamental fish industry with the aim of attaining hundred percent increase in the export income from the existing level and increasing livelihood opportunities, in particularly in rural areas. Our strategies for the development of ornamental fish industry include diversification of species and variety composition of export fish basket; overall quality improvement; minimize pressure on natural stocks in the wild through promotion of domestication and captive breeding, in particularly of marine and indigenous ornamental fish; discourage use of destructive fishing methods; tissue culture of ornamental aquatic plants; reduce mortalities throughout the supply chain by introducing best management practices and improving fish health management. Further government has introduced low interest loan schemes and provide other financial support, training and technical assistance for beginners as well as for the people already involved in the industry. I am aware that Export Development Board of Sri Lanka is promoting marketing of ornamental fish through facilitating participation of Sri Lanka producers and exporters in international exhibitions related to ornamental fish trade. Prices obtained by exporters have remained virtually static over a number of years despite increase in associated production costs such as artemia, feed, chemicals, drugs etc. Further stringent health screening tests required by importing countries also add to the costs of the exporter. This has impacted the development of Ornamental fish industry negatively. Establishment of a market information system, by INFOFISH or any other relevant international organization will pave the way to ease the situation. It should be noted that the future of the ornamental fish industry depends on the extent of application of aquaculture practices into production of ornamental fish. When compared to the food fish aquaculture sector, in which related technology is upgraded very often through research and development, ornamental fish industry is lagging far behind, in respect of technology advancement. Although large number of countries are involved in breeding, farming and supply of ornamental fish, at present it is based more on traditional practices and the experience of the individual farmers. Technology advancement and sharing among producer countries is a key for the development of this sector. Some of the areas which needs attention are optimum packing conditions for ornamental fish during transport: breeding and farming of high valued species and intensification of ornamental fish farming systems. International organizations should concentrate more on providing opportunities for sharing information among producer countries through conducting training, conferences, and seminars on important areas in the ornamental fish industry and also to provide technical assistance for technology advancement. With that I conclude my remarks and I hope this conference will benefit all the participants and participating countries towards development of the Ornamental fish industry. I wish to thank all the stakeholders involved in organizing this event and wish all the success to everyone. Thank You. 9

3RD INTERNATIONAL ORNAMENTAL FISH TRADE AND TECHNICAL VIRTUAL CONFERENCE Sustainability and the future of the Ornamental fish industry KEYNOTE ADDRESS 10

3RD INTERNATIONAL ORNAMENTAL FISH TRADE AND TECHNICAL VIRTUAL CONFERENCE Sustainability and the future of the Ornamental fish industry GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE ORNAMENTAL FISH INDUSTRY – A NEW ERA Shane Willis President Ornamental Fish International (OFI) Ijsselveld 9 3417 XH Montfoort The Netherlands E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] The global ornamental fish industry supports mature hobby around the world, providing livelihoods to people in many of the developing countries across the Asia Pacific and other developing regions. These people collect and farm fish that feed into a global supply chain supporting employment and jobs in markets across the globe. The industry has been largely stagnant since the GFC but showed signs of growth in 2018/2019, with 2019 export value similar to that of the height of the industry. In 2020, there is no doubt that the COVID-19 global pandemic has been a major disruptor of our industry. With many countries enforcing stay at home orders, people have turned to home-based activities and there has been a resultant resurgence of the hobby with many industry operators reporting significant growth and even record sales. However, alongside this has been a major interruption of international flights as many countries closed their borders, this has proved challenging for supply chains with some operators unable to export fish for most of 2020. The industry also continues to face increased expectations from a range of stakeholders and governments, and we see continuing animal rights group activity that would close our industry down. There is no doubt that are industry faces major challenges and must meet and/or exceed these expectations for sustainability and welfare of the species we trade in. A key to this is education and communication within the industry which OFI continues to foster and support. Our industry will need to build on meeting these expectations and the increased interest we have seen in 2020 to capitalise and move forward into this new era. Since graduating from the University of Tasmania with a Master’s Degree in Aquaculture, Shane Willis has worked for nearly 30 years in the aquaculture industry. While he has worked with a number of food fish species, his main experience lies in the ornamental fish industry including: farming, importing/exporting, wholesaling and retailing sectors. His work history also includes teaching at the Australian Maritime College and University of Tasmania and he has worked on a range of consultancy projects for various industry, NGO and government groups within Australia, the Caribbean and SE Asia. He has experience working at senior management level in several companies within the ornamental fish industry across the supply chain. While his experience covers most aspects of the industry, he has developed particular interest in biosecurity and intensive aquaculture production technology. With this background, he has presented at national and international conferences in the areas of intensive production, quarantine and biosecurity for aquaculture and ornamental fish. Mr Willis is currently Managing Director of National Aquaculture Training Institute Pty Ltd (NATI) which provides vocational training and consulting options for the aquaculture and ornamental fish industry within Australia and internationally. He was elected in May 2016 as President of Ornamental Fish International - the peak international association that represents the industry around the world - and hopes to continue working towards a sustainable and vibrant ornamental fish industry. More recently he has been appointed as Visiting Professor at Shanghai Ocean University where he provides teaching on ornamental fish production techniques, the international ornamental fish industry and international logistics. 11

3RD INTERNATIONAL ORNAMENTAL FISH TRADE AND TECHNICAL VIRTUAL CONFERENCE Sustainability and the future of the Ornamental fish industry SESSION I 12

3RD INTERNATIONAL ORNAMENTAL FISH TRADE AND TECHNICAL VIRTUAL CONFERENCE Sustainability and the future of the Ornamental fish industry THE US MARKET FOR ORNAMENTAL FISH Michael Tuccinardi Senior Editor & Associate Publisher/Consultant Reef to Rainforest Media/Blackwater Consulting 2955, Glenwood Drive Apt. #315 Boulder, Colorado 80301 USA E-mail: [email protected] The USA remains one of the largest single-country markets in the international trade for aquarium fish, invertebrates, and related products and continues to see growth in many aspects of this industry. In the past decade, however, the market has been deeply affected by broader macroeconomic trends, demographic shifts, and changing tastes and trends within the aquarium keeping hobby itself. And of course just within the last year, the COVID-19 pandemic has had an enormous and ongoing impact on the aquarium trade and hobby within the United States, with effects that will likely continue to be felt for years. This presentation looks at the prevailing trends that have influenced the retail, wholesale, and hobby landscape from the early 2010s to current day, with an emphasis on the livestock trade. It will also provide an overview of the impacts of the global coronavirus pandemic on the US market, and provide some insight on how these existing trends and more recent developments will shape the trade in the coming years. With a background spanning retail, wholesale, and aquarium fish imports and exports, Michael Tuccinardi has been immersed in the ornamental fish industry from a young age. He began working at a local fish store in his early teens, then went on to work for a major importer and tropical fish farm in Florida after completing his Bachelor’s degree. Since then, he has traveled throughout Asia, South America, and East Africa visiting aquarium fish exporters, collectors, and fishing communities. He has also worked with aquarium-fish specific conservation organisations like Project Piaba and the IUCN’s Home Aquarium Fish Sub-Group (HAFSG), and has written extensively on wild capture fisheries for both hobbyist and general public media outlets. Mr Tuccinardi resides in Boulder, CO where he operates an aquarium fish import business and currently serves as Senior Editor and Associate Publisher for the English language AMAZONAS Magazine. 13

3RD INTERNATIONAL ORNAMENTAL FISH TRADE AND TECHNICAL VIRTUAL CONFERENCE Sustainability and the future of the Ornamental fish industry MARKET TRENDS FOR ORNAMENTAL FISHES IN EUROPE Paul Bakuwel Secretary General Ornamental Fish International (OFI) Ijsselveld 9, 3417 XH Montfoort The Netherlands E-mail: [email protected] The ornamental fish industry may be one of the industries that transports the largest numbers of species of live animals and plants across the world. The biggest single market for ornamental fish is the European Union, which until last year – prior to Brexit - with 28 member countries, it has 500 million consumers and the largest GDP of any economy in the world. Importers-exporters in our industry have to deal with a number of legislations related to customs, animal welfare, species protection and animal health. We will see more emphasis on the subject due to growing concerns on animal welfare, not only in the EU, but also globally. In 2006, the Aquatic Health Directive 2006/88 was adopted in the EU. This Directive, which adapts the EU import legislation to OIE standards and WTO agreements, restricts the imports of fish which are susceptible to one of the diseases listed therein. From April 2021 a new Animal Health Law applies. This presentation will also dwell on sustainability of the ornamental aquatic trade - what effect does the ornamental aquatic trade has on society and what effect does the ornamental aquatic trade has on the environment? Paul Bakuwel joined Ornamental Fish International on the first of September 2016. His career began at the Agricultural University of Wageningen (the Netherlands) where he majored in immunology and fish health. During his studies, he had the opportunity to work at the fish disease laboratory of the University of California at Davis for four months. After graduation, he moved to Suriname (South America) where he worked on a pilot farm for the production of the brown or fork-tailed hoplo or atipa (Hoplosternum littorale). He was also co-responsible for the construction of a tilapia farm with an annual output of 450 tonnes and for production management after completion. Before returning to the Netherlands in 2001, he worked for two years on a farm producing whiteleg or Pacific shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei).  In 2001, Mr Bakuwel joined Ruinemans Aquarium BV, also as a shareholder. In his daily work he is responsible for purchasing and quality control. During his time at Ruinemans, he has had the opportunity to develop a good network within the industry; consequently, he is familiar to many in the ornamental fish industry. 14

3RD INTERNATIONAL ORNAMENTAL FISH TRADE AND TECHNICAL VIRTUAL CONFERENCE Sustainability and the future of the Ornamental fish industry THE CHINA ORNAMENTAL FISH INDUSTRY Zaizhong Chen, PhD Vice Dean of College of Fisheries and Life Science Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai 201306 China E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] With the fast development of leisure fisheries in China, ornamental fish breeding and culture is becoming more popular. This presentation reviews the recent decades of development in the ornamental fish industry, and analyses the provincial distribution and annual production based on extensive data. Due to the increased international trade of ornamental fish, the trade policies and quarantine procedures are included. Meantime, new research proceedings relevant to ornamental fish in China are elucidated, especially pertaining to discus fish, goldfish, koi, and blood parrot fish. Marine ornamental fish, ornamental invertebrates and aquatic plants are described from the market aspect. In line with wildlife conservation, artificial propagation, breeding and selection of new varieties, and quality improvement are critical to the sustainable development of the ornamental fish industry. Cross-regional joint research is also important. Key words: leisure fisheries; ornamental fish market; research proceedings; risks and challenges. Professor Zaizhong Chen is vice dean of the College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University. He is the head of the ornamental fish breeding research team, studying the reproductive biology, genetic evaluation, nutritional requirement, and breeding technology of new ornamental fish varieties. His team reproduces main species such as goldfish, koi, discus fish, oscar fish and blood parrot fish, then promotes the selective breeding based on qualitative traits. He has published more than 90 papers in leading journals, including Aquaculture, Aquaculture Nutrition, Aquaculture Research, etc. 15

3RD INTERNATIONAL ORNAMENTAL FISH TRADE AND TECHNICAL VIRTUAL CONFERENCE Sustainability and the future of the Ornamental fish industry ORNAMENTAL FISH INDUSTRY IN THE PHILIPPINES Maria Theresa M. Mutia Chief, Science Research Specialist National Fisheries Research and Development Institute Corporate 101 Bldg. Mo. Ignacia Building, Quezon City Philippines Email: [email protected] The Philippines is a major global supplier of marine ornamental fish, while freshwater ornamental fish is imported from other countries. The Government, in collaboration with the private sector, has promoted since 2003 the breeding and production of freshwater ornamental fishes locally. In 2004 the Government, through the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR), formulated the Roadmap for Ornamental Fish with the cooperation of the private sector. The National Fisheries Research and Development Institute (NFRDI), being the research arm of BFAR, conducts research and development on ornamental fish culture at its Freshwater Fisheries Research and Development Center in Taal, Batangas. The Center also conducts national trainings, establishes pilot projects throughout the country, and organises ornamental fish exhibitions. It has been designated as the focal point where all parent stocks are bred and the resulting quality breeders are dispersed to the regions for mass production and distribution. This presentation will discuss the current status of ornamental fish in the Philippines and the government’s initiatives to promote the industry as a hobby and livelihood for the people. Dr Maria Theresa Mercene-Mutia is Chief Science Research Specialist of the National Fisheries Research and Development Institute (NFRDI). She earned her Doctor of Philosophy degree in Environmental Science at the University of the Philippines at Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines and specialises in fish biology, breeding and culture, inland fisheries and aquatic resource assessment, community development and management. She has conducted several studies and published papers, including on freshwater ornamental fish breeding and culture in the Philippines. 16

3RD INTERNATIONAL ORNAMENTAL FISH TRADE AND TECHNICAL VIRTUAL CONFERENCE Sustainability and the future of the Ornamental fish industry ORNAMENTAL FISH INDUSTRY IN SRI LANKA H. Chrishantha Alexander President Association of Live Tropical Fish Exporters of Sri Lanka Randika Aquarium Farm House 392, a/1, Bathgamulla Road Ragama, Sri Lanka E-mail: [email protected] Cc: [email protected] The ornamental fish industry in Sri Lanka begun in the early 1950s mainly dealing with exports of marine fish and invertebrates. Then, the range of freshwater species for exports and the local market was limited. The boom in freshwater ornamental fish farming commenced in the early 90s, in response to global demand. The market for about 20 varieties of guppies was really conducive in the USA and Europe, and it helped to move many other kinds of live bearers like swordtails, mollies and platys. The breeders in the trade got the opportunity to expand their products in volume and variety, and with the increase in volume in the export market, the local market benefitted too. Farming in the current century has taken a 180 degree turn, with breeders having their own farms in a kind of cottage system. They are able to supply healthy fish with a better range of variety and consistency in supplies, as well as produce new species with the potential to fetch better prices. Today we are happy to say that there are many breeders who have moved into hi-tech breeding and farming. Government institutions like NAQDA (National Aquatic Development Authority) and EDB (Export Development Board) offer good support in overseas exposure, participation in trade fairs, training programmes, and financial assistance etc. The production of marine ornamental fish has also risen. Following the government’s prohibition of exports of corals and live rocks in 1983, the breeding grounds for reef fish have been protected and all marine ornamentals are now collected legally by divers. Today the industry has developed with a few companies breeding marine ornamental fish and culturing live rocks artificially. The production of aquatic plants is another upcoming industry in Sri Lanka. There are a few companies propagating plants by tissue culture, which comply with quarantine standards and declarations made by the EU etc. In addition to government initiatives, the Association of Live Tropical Fish in Sri Lanka is in the process of setting up standards for the industry and for the betterment of all stakeholders. H Chrishantha Alexander is President of the Association of Live Tropical Fish Exporters of Sri Lanka; Managing Director of Seylon Aquatics (Pvt) Ltd; and Member of the Board of Advisors, Ornamental Fish International (OFI). A graduate of Trinity College Kandy, he has 10 years’ work experience with John Keells Aquarium (Sri Lanka) as Senior Marketing Executive. In 2003 he entered the business world with Seylon Aquatics (Pvt) Ltd.  17

3RD INTERNATIONAL ORNAMENTAL FISH TRADE AND TECHNICAL VIRTUAL CONFERENCE Sustainability and the future of the Ornamental fish industry INDIA ORNAMENTAL FISH INDUSTRY Mini Sekharan N, PhD Assistant Professor School of Industrial Fisheries Cochin University of Science and Technology Cochin 682016 India E-mail: [email protected] The Indian ornamental fish industry is a blend of dynamic domestic industry and slow paced export industry. With the large population of the country (1.3 billion) and increasing disposable income, India has a huge domestic ornamental fish market with high demand for colourful exotic species. Hobbyists and other consumer segments increasingly look for novel varieties of exotic fishes imported from countries like Singapore, Sri Lanka and Malaysia etc. International brands of aquaria, equipment, accessories, medicines, feeds and aquascaping items are also very popular in India. Small scale ornamental fisheries have mainly been a livelihood provider for hobbyists as well as for the rural and underprivileged in India; but realising the lucrative nature of the industry, large scale ornamental fish production systems are being established. At the same time, government support and trainings have catalysed the transformation of small scale ornamental fish ventures into large scale systems. Compared to the domestic ornamental fish industry, the export industry is slow paced as it is dependent on wild caught indigenous ornamental fishes. However if the focus is shifted to bred exotics and bred marine ornamentals along with sustainably collected or bred indigenous ornamental fishes, exports from the country can be enhanced. Efforts are on sustainably sourcing indigenous ornamental fishes from natural water bodies and also enhancing the breeding of market-demanded indigenous fishes on a large scale. Dr Mini Sekharan ([email protected]) is Assistant Professor at the School of Industrial Fisheries, Cochin University of Science & Technology (CUSAT) in India for the past 14 years. She lectures on Fish Business Management, International Marketing of Seafood and Market Research. Her PhD on “Prospects of marketing the indigenous ornamental fishes of Kerala“ led her to the world of ornamental fisheries more than 20 years ago. Her research on sustainable ornamental fisheries management gave her the opportunity to be associated with Ornamental Fish International (OFI). She has been an invited speaker at international ornamental fish conferences (AQUARAMA, INFOFISH, AQUAREALM), representing Indian ornamental fisheries. Dr Mini Sekharan is the organiser behind SOFI-Way Forward (www.sofiwf.com) which has a focus on sustainable ornamental fisheries as a way forward for the ornamental fisheries sector. She is also a consultant in national and international seafood market research and ornamental fish marketing. She has research projects,  books, journal articles and popular articles to her credit.  18

3RD INTERNATIONAL ORNAMENTAL FISH TRADE AND TECHNICAL VIRTUAL CONFERENCE Sustainability and the future of the Ornamental fish industry INFOFISH ASSOCIATE MEMBERSHIP Forging close links with the global seafood industry In accordance with its mandate as an intergovernmental organization, INFOFISH Member States comprise several countries in Asia and the Pacific. We also invite any legal entity in Member States as well as non-Member States related to the Fisheries, Aquaculture and Seafood Industry to join us as an Associate Member. These include: ο Aquaculture companies ο Animal health companies ο Seafood processors ο Certification agencies ο Academia ο Equipment and supplies companies ο Fishing technology companies ο Packaging and printing companies ο Investors ο Innovators ο Business forums and professional associations ο Others For further details, please visit www.infofish.org or contact info@infofish.org 19

3RD INTERNATIONAL ORNAMENTAL FISH TRADE AND TECHNICAL VIRTUAL CONFERENCE Sustainability and the future of the Ornamental fish industry SESSION II 20

3RD INTERNATIONAL ORNAMENTAL FISH TRADE AND TECHNICAL VIRTUAL CONFERENCE Sustainability and the future of the Ornamental fish industry NON-TARIFF BARRIERS TO ORNAMENTAL AQUATIC TRADE ON THE INCREASE Svein Fossa Vice President Ornamental Fish International (OFI) President, European Pet Organisation Fladefjell 15, No. 4878 Grimstad, Norway Tel/Mobile: +47 911 53 610 E-mail: [email protected] The international trade in ornamental aquatics is, in most importing countries, regulated ever more by non-tariff measures pertaining particularly to nature conservation (thereunder invasive alien species and CITES), animal health and welfare issues. The trend is rapidly increasing, as we see more and more efforts to restrict the trade in live animals in our major markets, typically pushed for and supported by NGOs with a clear animal rights driven agenda. The current presentation gives a brief overview of the current main challenges, and what possible future developments we should be looking out for. Svein A. Fossa, born 1959 in Norway, is a biologist (ichthyologist), eager aquarist since childhood, and a leading international voice for responsible and sustainable practices in the ornamental aquatic trade. He has worked for, and with, the pet and ornamental aquatic trade since 1986. In 1992 he started his own business as an independent author and advisor on aquarium technique, ichthyology, and pet and ornamental aquatic trade policies and legislation worldwide. He has worked extensively on ethical and animal welfare issues related to breeding and collection of, and trade in live companion animals in general, and the ornamental aquatic trade in particular. He is involved with issues of sustainable trade, invasive species and nature conservation in the ornamental aquatic trade, and has been OFI’s official delegate in all meetings relating to CITES for nearly 20 years. He lectures regularly in many countries, and has authored and co-authored more than 540 articles, reports and other publications, including several internationally acclaimed books on marine aquarium keeping. Mr Fossa is currently President of the European Pet Organization (EPO), Secretary General & Chairman of the Board of the Norwegian Pet Trade Association (NZB), Vice President of Ornamental Fish International (OFI), President of the Scandinavian Pet Trade Union (SPTU), Editor-in-Chief of the pet trade magazine PetScandinavia, and co-organiser of the Norwegian ZooExpo trade shows. 21

3RD INTERNATIONAL ORNAMENTAL FISH TRADE AND TECHNICAL VIRTUAL CONFERENCE Sustainability and the future of the Ornamental fish industry SRI LANKA’S IMPORTING RULES AND REGULATIONS FOR ORNAMENTAL FISH SPECIES Jayasinghe Mudalige Asoka Director (Coastal Aquaculture Development) National Aquaculture Development Authority of Sri Lanka (NAQDA) Sri Lanka Tel: 0094-11-2786578 / 0094-11-2786495 Fax: 0094-11-2786493 / 0094-11-2786578 Mobile: 0094-71-4397722 E-mail: [email protected] Ornamental fish are imported into Sri Lanka from many countries such as Singapore, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Maldives etc. Most of these fishes are destined for re-export, or the local consumer market with only a few ending up as broodstock for the fish breeders. The various Sri Lankan Acts and national legislation which deal with the prevention of diseases and unwanted species coming into the country are relevant for the importation of ornamental fish species. Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Act No. 2 of 1996 has specific objectives for the protection, regulation, and sustainable utilisation of aquatic resources. Importation of 18 exotic freshwater fish species in live form belonging to the Ictaluridae and Characidae families is prohibited under the Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Act in order to protect the local aquatic fauna and flora. Quarantine laws and quarantine process The Department of Animal Production and Health is responsible for the implementation of fish quarantine procedures in Sri Lanka. According to the Animal Disease Act No. 59 of 1992, any live fish which are imported into the country must be accompanied by a veterinary health certificate from the exporting country. Application with a copy of a permit issued by the Department of Fisheries to import fish species, post quarantine site approval, documents to prove the country of transit (if applicable), and an official international veterinary health certificate should be submitted to the Department of Animal Production and Health. The intended date of arrival of the consignment should be notified to the Animal Quarantine Officer, at least four (04) days prior to arrival and the importer should agree to submit laboratory samples of fish and water at the time of quarantine clearance for further investigations at the port of entry. When importing any species listed in the C.I.T.E.S (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora), a permit should be obtained from the Department of Wildlife Conservation. The conditions of importation may be reviewed, depending on the disease status of the exporting countries from time to time and if any disease outbreak is reported, the approvals given will be cancelled. Dr Jayasinghe Mudalige Asoka is Director (Coastal Aquaculture Development), at the National Aquaculture Development Authority of Sri Lanka. Her previously held positions at the organisation were as Deputy Director (Freshwater Aquaculture Development), and Senior Aquaculturist. She is also a member/past member of various professional societies and communities. 22

3RD INTERNATIONAL ORNAMENTAL FISH TRADE AND TECHNICAL VIRTUAL CONFERENCE Sustainability and the future of the Ornamental fish industry BIOSECURITY CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE ORNAMENTAL FISH INDUSTRY Timothy Miller-Morgan Lead, Aquatic Animal Health Program Oregon Sea Grant/ Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine Oregon State University Hatfield Marine Science Center 2030 SE Marine Science Drive Newport, OR 97365 USA Tel: (541) 867-0265 (O) (541) 270-4218 © Email: [email protected] Biosecurity consists of the practices and procedures used to prevent the introduction, emergence, spread, and persistence of infectious agents and disease within and around fish production and holding facilities. Furthermore, these practices help eliminate conditions that can enhance disease susceptibility among the fish. In short, biosecurity precautions are put in place to exclude and contain fish pathogens. Biosecurity practices are applicable to all levels of the ornamental fish industry: producers, wholesalers, retailers, and hobbyists. Proper use of biosecurity measures will help prevent introduction of infectious disease in a fish facility, and will also help minimise the risk of diseases being passed from producer to hobbyist. Such practices will lead to a more sustainable industry since decreased or reduced disease leads to reduced wild collection to replace losses; decreased losses among broodstock and grow out fish lots; decreased financial output to treat or manage disease outbreaks; and improved overall welfare and quality of fish for the export or domestic market. As import-export regulations for ornamental fish become increasingly stringent on a global level, veterinarians may be called upon to assist ornamental fish facilities in the planning and implementation of biosecurity programmes. This presentation will provide a brief overview of the major considerations that should be taken into account when developing a biosecurity programme for an ornamental fish facility. Designing and implementing biosecurity practices can be simplified if we consider some basic themes: pathogen exclusion, pathogen containment, and basic best health practices. We will consider the elements of each, and show how these elements will hinder access of pathogens into a facility, control the spread of pathogens that may emerge, and promote high health and disease resistance among the fish in the facility. The overlap of practices addressing these themes will become evident. Basic biosecurity procedures are uniform across the industry, but the biosecurity plan will be tailored to meet the special needs of each business. As the scope, needs, and finances of the business change, the facility manager will modify and adjust biosecurity measures accordingly, yet maintain the basic tenets of good biosecurity practices. Dr. Timothy Miller-Morgan is an aquatic veterinarian, biologist and educator. He directs the Oregon Sea Grant - Aquatic Animal Health Program at Oregon State University. He has over 30 years of experience in aquatic animal medicine, husbandry and education. The last 20 years have been primarily focused on fish and aquatic invertebrates. He currently provides outreach, education and clinical consulting to the aquarium fish industry and public aquariums. He has consulted and taught extensively on fish and invertebrate health issues, primarily related to aquarium fish, throughout North and South America, Asia, the Middle East and Europe. Some of his current work focuses on the development of industry best health practices including: prevention of bacterial disease and antibiotic resistance, mitigation of post shipment morbidity and mortality among wild-caught marine and freshwater ornamental fish; and the development of standardised health management protocols and training throughout the aquarium fish chain of custody. He is also an assistant professor of aquatic animal health at the Oregon State University, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine (CCVM). He is the co-creator of the Aquarium Science Program at Oregon Coast Community College in Newport where he is currently an instructor of aquatic animal health management. This successful and unique programme trains husbandry professionals for work in public aquaria, research laboratories, aquaculture facilities and the aquarium fish industry. Dr. Miller-Morgan is a Certified Aquatic Veterinarian with the World Aquatic Veterinary Medical Association and a Professional Fellow of the Association of Zoos and Aquariums. He also serves on the executive and editorial boards of Ornamental Fish International and is an advisor to the IUCN – Freshwater Fish Specialist Group, Home Aquarium Fish Sub-Group. 23

3RD INTERNATIONAL ORNAMENTAL FISH TRADE AND TECHNICAL VIRTUAL CONFERENCE Sustainability and the future of the Ornamental fish industry SESSION III 24

3RD INTERNATIONAL ORNAMENTAL FISH TRADE AND TECHNICAL VIRTUAL CONFERENCE Sustainability and the future of the Ornamental fish industry INDUSTRY UPDATES ON DISCUS: PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERISTICS, DOMESTICATION, MARKETS AND HEALTH Timothy Miller-Morgan Lead, Aquatic Animal Health Program Oregon Sea Grant/ Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine Oregon State University Hatfield Marine Science Center 2030 SE Marine Science Drive Newport, OR 97365 USA Tel: (541) 867-0265 (O) (541) 270-4218 © Email: [email protected] Discus fish originated from Amazon rivers and there are three main species in the wild. It was domesticated by enthusiasts worldwide more than 50 years ago. Today there are more than 60 varieties of domesticated discus being created and traded globally. Discus is in great demand and highly priced due to its many colour variations and pattern markings. Their prices very much depend on the quality and variety of the fish. Unfortunately, there is still much confusion about the varieties among the trade because of the lack of a proper systematic classification so far. This paper covers discus market information, classification of the current discus varieties based on their phenotypic characteristics, and the factors affecting the quality and value of discus. Classification of discus varieties will be elaborated via photos. The various discus malformations and the health conditions will also be discussed in detail, supported with photo evidence. Mr Martin Ng is Founder President of Discus Society Malaysia. He graduated from the University of Malaya in 1988 and is currently pursuing a PhD degree. With 30 years of experience in discus fish breeding, he has been invited as a judge in discus competitions, and as a guest speaker at seminars/ conferences. He is the author of a book published in 2004 entitled the Discus Catalogue. 25

3RD INTERNATIONAL ORNAMENTAL FISH TRADE AND TECHNICAL VIRTUAL CONFERENCE Sustainability and the future of the Ornamental fish industry GENETIC AND GENOMIC TOOLS IN THE ORNAMENTAL FISH INDUSTRY Kapila Tissera Independent Consultant 29/8A Pangiriwatta Mawata Mirihana, Nugegoda 10250 Western Sri Lanka E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] The speaker identifies hatchery breeding populations’ genetic health as an essential factor in achieving sustainability in the ornamental fish industry. Of the traditional genetic applications, the concepts of increasing heritable variance of a population and selecting specimens of higher breeding value to establish the hatchery breeding populations, are explained. The importance of maintaining strain lines and intraspecific cross-breeding, improving strain values and infusing hybrid vigour in commercial strains, are also explained. The author also attempts to offer the audience a quick overview of some developments with regard to genomic tools that can impact the ornamental fish industry by increasing competitiveness and sustainability of individual players in the industry. Kapila Tissera earned an integrated MSc in Ichthyology and Fish Culture from the Astrakhan Technical University in the former USSR. His career start off was as an Aquaculturist in the Ministry of Fisheries & Aquatic Resources of Sri Lanka and then he worked in the export promotion of seafood and live ornamental fish in the capacity of Assistant Director at the Sri Lanka Export Development Board. He also functioned as a Board Member to the National Aquaculture Development Authority, National Institute of Fisheries and Nautical Engineering, and as an Advisor to the Sri Lanka Export Development Board and the Southern Development Authority of Sri Lanka. Mr Tissera has worked in diverse cultural environments such as Uzbekistan, USA, and India. He was also the Chief Foreign Consultant for setting up of the Aqua Technology Park in Kerala, India, under Kerala Aqua Ventures International Ltd (KAVIL). He has shared the knowledge and experience gained throughout the years in the form of several papers and presentations in Sri Lankan and international fora on Genetics, Genomics and Brood Stock Management. Currently, he works as a Consultant in adapting marine larval rearing technology to commercial environments at Aquamarines International (Pvt) Ltd in Sri Lanka. 26

3RD INTERNATIONAL ORNAMENTAL FISH TRADE AND TECHNICAL VIRTUAL CONFERENCE Sustainability and the future of the Ornamental fish industry IATA AND THE AQUARIUM TRADE Marshall Meyers Attorney N. Marshall Meyers, PLLC. 1620 L Street, NW, Suite 610 Washington, DC 20036 USA Tel: 202-466-8270 Mobile: 202-256-6726 Email: [email protected] Reliable air transportation is an integral component of the ornamental aquatics industry.  Access to existing and future markets is experiencing ever increasing regulation, whether involving sustainable harvest or captive culture.  Similar oversight is ongoing to ensure that air as well as ground transportation systems ensure safe and humane movement. Today’s global standard for transporting live animals by air is published by the International Air Transport Association (IATA). IATA’s Live Animal Regulations (LAR), first published in 1970 (66 pages) are promulgated by IATA’s Live Animals and Perishables Board in consultation with international governmental organisation (CITES, OIE), IATA airline members, animal-related trade associations, shippers and other government and non- government experts. The Board meets twice a year to develop and approve annual revisions to the LAR (now 540 pages). An industry working group needs to be established to periodically review IATA’s aquatic transport guidelines and regulations, submit proposed amendments, and increase industry’s engagement in the IATA process. Marshall Meyers is a Washington, DC based attorney whose history with the all-cargo airline industry dates back to the late 1940s. Over many decades, he has gathered extensive experience representing airlines, freight forwarders, the shipping community, and trade associations in legislative and regulatory arenas involving the transportation, acquisition, possession and care of companion animals and wildlife. His law practice has focused on animal transportation, endangered and invasive species, the Convention on International Trade of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), and he has served on numerous international, US federal and state task forces involving the pet industry, biomedical research, and the zoological community. He spearheaded challenges in the United States that resulted in airlines’ publishing animal transport standards and compelled IATA to engage animal industry experts as part of IATA’s process. He currently serves on the IATA Live Animals and Perishable Board’s Advisory Panel. Mr Meyers is a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania Law School and Haverford College. His law school thesis was on “The Extraterritorial Application of Antitrust Laws on Foreign Air Carriers.” He has published articles in a variety of scientific journals. 27

3RD INTERNATIONAL ORNAMENTAL FISH TRADE AND TECHNICAL VIRTUAL CONFERENCE Sustainability and the future of the Ornamental fish industry ORNAMENTAL FISH FARMING INNOVATION IN FEEDING AND REARING TECHNOLOGY Shane Willis President Ornamental Fish International (OFI) Ijsselveld 9 3417 XH Montfoort The Netherlands E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] There is no doubt that the production systems used for ornamental fish have undergone significant changes over recent years. These changes are the result of many factors. Increased expectations from governments, business, consumers and other stakeholders are driving changes for improved biosecurity, welfare and sustainability. Other factors such as land use pressures, water scarcity, and extreme weather events are forcing industry to intensify production in order to maintain output levels. While there are many other exciting new technologies, this presentation focuses on: • Recirculating Aquaculture Systems – intensive production system technology utilising biological filtration • Biofloc -  an emerging technology that offers a low tech method of intensifying production • Improved nutrition and sustainable feeds – using various additives to provide enhanced nutrition and more sustainable feeds based on insect and plant meals • Immune stimulants and probiotics – used to improve the health of fish for improved fish health management Since graduating from the University of Tasmania with a Master’s Degree in Aquaculture, Shane Willis has worked for nearly 30 years in the aquaculture industry. While he has worked with a number of food fish species, his main experience lies in the ornamental fish industry including: farming, importing/exporting, wholesaling and retailing sectors. His work history also includes teaching at the Australian Maritime College and University of Tasmania and he has worked on a range of consultancy projects for various industry, NGO and government groups within Australia, the Caribbean and SE Asia. He has experience working at senior management level in several companies within the ornamental fish industry across the supply chain. While his experience covers most aspects of the industry, he has developed particular interest in biosecurity and intensive aquaculture production technology. With this background, he has presented at national and international conferences in the areas of intensive production, quarantine and biosecurity for aquaculture and ornamental fish. Mr Willis is currently Managing Director of National Aquaculture Training Institute Pty Ltd (NATI) which provides vocational training and consulting options for the aquaculture and ornamental fish industry within Australia and internationally. He was elected in May 2016 as President of Ornamental Fish International - the peak international association that represents the industry around the world - and hopes to continue working towards a sustainable and vibrant ornamental fish industry. More recently he has been appointed as Visiting Professor at Shanghai Ocean University where he provides teaching on ornamental fish production techniques, the international ornamental fish industry and international logistics. 28

3RD INTERNATIONAL ORNAMENTAL FISH TRADE AND TECHNICAL VIRTUAL CONFERENCE Sustainability and the future of the Ornamental fish industry ORNAMENTAL FISH DISEASE Richmond Loh Aquatic Veterinarian & Veterinary Pathologist The Fish Vet 119 Mills St., Queens Park WA 6107 Australia Email: [email protected] Fish diseases are costing the ornamental industry in more ways than the individual value of fish. This presentation explains the importance of maintaining optimal fish health, and the clinical signs to look out for with regard to the early detection of disease. Dr Richmond Loh (BSc, BVMS, MPhil (Pathology), MANZCVS (Aquatics& Pathobiology), CertAqV, Fellow WAVMA) graduated from Murdoch University in 2001 as a veterinarian. He promotes veterinary health care for fish by producing videos on his YouTube channel as “the fish doctor” (http://tinyurl.com/thefishdoctor). He consults on pet fishes as “The Fish Vet”, in Perth (Western Australia), and is joined by a team spread across Australia to provide veterinary and pathology services for a range of clients including those dealing with pet fish, display aquaria, retailers and fish farmers. He has been admitted to the Australian and New Zealand College of Veterinary Scientists by examinations in Pathobiology, and in Medicine & Management of Aquaculture Species. He is a Certified Aquatic Veterinarian and has been awarded the George Alexander International Fellowship by the International Specialised Skills Institute. He has also been inducted as a Fellow of the World Aquatic Veterinary Medical Association.   Dr Loh is President of the World Aquatic Veterinary Medical Association (WAVMA, 2014), Secretary for the Aquatic Animal Health Chapter of the Australian and New Zealand College of Veterinary Scientists (2011-2016), Senior Adjunct Lecturer at Murdoch University, and WAVMA Webinar co-ordinator/moderator and WAVMA Executive Board Member (2013-2018). 29

3RD INTERNATIONAL ORNAMENTAL FISH TRADE AND TECHNICAL VIRTUAL CONFERENCE Sustainability and the future of the Ornamental fish industry SESSION IV 30

3RD INTERNATIONAL ORNAMENTAL FISH TRADE AND TECHNICAL VIRTUAL CONFERENCE Sustainability and the future of the Ornamental fish industry FROM REEF TO RETAIL:  A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH TO SUSTAINABLE MARINE ORNAMENTAL FISHERIES Paul Anderson Founder CAMP Coral Reef Aquarium Fisheries Campaign USA Tel: 202-455-5658 E-mail: [email protected] Founded in 2017 by a partnership of organisations committed to the sustainable use of our oceans, the goal of the Coral Reef Aquarium Fisheries Campaign is to empower marine aquarium fisheries that support biodiversity, healthy coral reefs, and the livelihoods of fishers, traders, and others who depend on them across the global value chain. The Campaign does this in three ways. First, to work with governments to develop aquarium fisheries policies that support the business growth of fishers and traders while conserving aquarium fish and the coral reefs in which they live in the wild. Second, to change the model of the value chain trading marine aquarium fish from volume-driven, i.e. where fish and therefore their care are undervalued; to value-driven, where fishers can earn profits for high-quality, well-cared for fish that survive in healthy condition from reef-to-retail. And finally, to teach fishers and traders about marketing, husbandry, and business operations practices that can be applied to make businesses more profitable and sustainable. Dr. Paul Anderson, PhD, CAPM is the Founder of the Coral Reef Aquarium Fisheries Campaign, a multi-stakeholder initiative to empower sustainable marine aquarium fisheries that support biodiversity conservation, healthy coral reefs, and the livelihoods of fishers, traders, and others who depend on them across the global value chain. His career has focused on engaging people from all walks of life to learn about and conserve the oceans around them; and on the integrated understanding of fish physiology and behaviour to advance the care and aquaculture of coral reef aquarium fishes. On these themes, he has authored 23 scientific and popular publications; delivered over 300 presentations in the field to audiences of all ages all over the US; (co-) managed over US$1.5 M in grants and scholarships to support environmental conservation, research, education, and exhibitory initiatives; developed 14 exhibits; and has been featured in national media outlets. 31

3RD INTERNATIONAL ORNAMENTAL FISH TRADE AND TECHNICAL VIRTUAL CONFERENCE Sustainability and the future of the Ornamental fish industry MAINTAINING WILD POPULATIONS OF MARINE AQUARIUM ORGANISMS, AND SUPPORTING THE LIVELIHOODS OF INDONESIAN MARINE AQUARIUM FISHERS Gayatri Reksodihardjo-Lilley Founder & Director Yayasan Alam Indonesia Lestari-The Indonesian Nature Foundation Jl. Tirtanadi 21, Sanur Kauh Denpasar-Bali Indonesia 80227 E-mail: [email protected] Marine aquarium fishers depend on healthy reefs for their livelihoods. Unfortunately, many of Indonesia’s reefs are facing serious degradation because of land-based development, sedimentation run-off, pollution, sea temperature rises, and the use of destructive fishing techniques. If the health of these reefs continues to decline, Indonesian coastal communities, including aquarium fishers, will lose an important source of food, beach protection, and livelihoods provided by the reefs. To overcome this situation, many fishers have adopted a holistic approach to reef conservation and management, including better practices for collecting marine reef fish for the aquarium trade. Several community-based efforts have been conducted in Indonesia, involving the fishing communities and the marine aquarium industry. These include coral reef management, habitat restoration, community-based coral farming, and reef fish aquaculture. The purpose of these efforts is to promote sustainable livelihoods for coastal communities, while conserving coastal ecosystems and maintaining businesses that depend on them as sources of marine aquarium products. Gayatri Reksodihardjo-Lilley is the Director and founder of the Indonesian Nature Foundation (LINI), a not for profit organisation which has been working with coastal communities, particularly fishers and their families, throughout Indonesia. Its objective is to encourage these communities to adopt sustainable practices and develop collaborative management between the fishers, local community groups/NGOs, and local government, in order to develop and implement coordinated coastal resource management. The work includes the development of community-based Fisheries Improvement Projects, coral reef restoration and monitoring, and community-based reef fish aquaculture. The purpose of these efforts is to promote sustainable livelihoods for the coastal communities, improving their skills and knowledge to better manage the marine and coastal resources on which they so heavily depend. Gayatri Reksodihardjo-Lilley has worked for many years with international NGOs on various marine conservation and small- scale fisheries projects. She has travelled very widely around Indonesia and has extensive field experience in reef ecology and community work. She believes that giving support to local community initiatives leads to empowerment and is the key to long-term biodiversity conservation and sustainable development. 32

3RD INTERNATIONAL ORNAMENTAL FISH TRADE AND TECHNICAL VIRTUAL CONFERENCE Sustainability and the future of the Ornamental fish industry CORAL FARMING PRACTICES IN INDONESIA Kelvin Brian Lee Secretary General AKKII & GM Viva Marine Indonesia E-mail: [email protected] For decades, corals have been traditionally collected from the wild for the ornamental fish industry. With the availability of new technologies and new methods for the keeping of corals successfully in aquariums, demand for them is increasing. To keep up with this demand while aiming for sustainability, corals are farmed either in situ or on land. These two different ways of farming corals have their own advantages/disadvantages, but most importantly, they should benefit the environment and coral reef. Eventually, farming will make coral more accessible and less costly to fulfill market demand, and when this happens many will be reluctant to venture to the wild to collect corals again. However, this may provide greater opportunity for destructive forms of fishing such as dynamite and cyanide fishing to be re-introduced, further devastating the ecosystem that is already fragile. Coral farming is the future of the industry but finding the correct balance while preserving the natural habitat is the main goal. Kelvin Brian Lee has been a passionate coral hobbyist since an early age. He is the founder of ReefsForum.com, set up during his university year in 2006 to gather and help out coral hobbyists in Indonesia. In 2009, he graduated from the University of Technology Sydney, Australia with a degree in Business. Having extensive experience in coral keeping, he established a pioneer on-land aquaculture operation in Indonesia. Mr Lee is currently working as a Managing Director with one of the leading coral exporters in Indonesia (CV. Vivaria Marine). He is also Secretary General of the Association of Coral, Shellfish, and Ornamental Fish Exporters in Indonesia (AKKII). 33

3RD INTERNATIONAL ORNAMENTAL FISH TRADE AND TECHNICAL VIRTUAL CONFERENCE Sustainability and the future of the Ornamental fish industry MARINE ORNAMENTAL FISH AQUACULTURE - STATUS AND CHALLENGES Ricardo Calado Principal Researcher ECOMARE & CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies) & Department of Biology University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal E-mail: [email protected] Marine ornamental fish aquaculture has experienced some remarkable breakthroughs over the last decade. Species once termed as “impossible to breed in captivity” have successfully been cultured. Among these species one can highlight the emblematic Dory of the blockbuster ‘Finding Nemo’, the blue tang (Paracanthurus hepatus), as well as the yellow tang (Zebrasoma flavescens). One can also list mandarins (Synchiropus spp.) along with multiple species of angelfish and dwarf angelfish (Pomacanthidae) and their hybrids. We have also entered an era of clownfish (Amphiprion spp.) “guppyfication”, with an unprecedented multitude of colour morphs (some termed as signature clownfish) currently being available to marine aquarium hobbyists. However, ongoing aquaculture efforts are not commonly driven by the fishing pressure affecting wild specimens to supply the marine aquarium trade. While the culture of seahorses (Hippocampus spp.) and Banggai cardinals (Pterapogon kauderni) may be conservation-driven, the most highly captured fish species available in the marine aquarium trade (e.g., damsels) are not being cultured, neither are they likely to be in upcoming years due to their low unitary value. Aquaculture research efforts are increasingly targeting highly priced species, likely a consequence of the extremely labour-intensive culture protocols that still need to be employed, particularly during larviculture. Accurate figures on how many marine ornamental fish are currently collected from the wild to supply the marine aquarium trade are yet to be readily available, in a transparent and reliable way. Additionally, as the sustainability of collection practices is still poorly documented, it is hard to prioritise which species should be cultured to alleviate fishing pressure from wild populations. Besides, even if cultured specimens are made available, would they truly alleviate the fishing pressure on wild conspecifics? What would be the socio-economic consequences of a dramatic shift from wild to aquacultured specimens? One must also consider The Nagoya Protocol, as it provides the framework for the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of the utilisation of genetic resources. In other words, the benefits derived by users of given genetic resources must be shared with those who provide them. To date, this issue has been largely ignored by most of those engaged in marine ornamental fish aquaculture. Ricardo Calado was born in 1976 in Cascais (Portugal). He graduated in Biology in 1999 from the Faculty of Sciences of Lisbon University (FCUL) (Portugal) and in 2005 he obtained his PhD in Biology (specialisation in Animal Biotechnology) from the same institution. After founding the spin-off company LusoReef Lda., the first Portuguese enterprise dedicated to the aquaculture of marine ornamental species, he started a post-doctoral in 2006 in the Associated Laboratory CIMAR at CCMAR (University of the Algarve) (Portugal), retaining a bond to the private sector as a consultant for aquaculture and marine life support systems. From 2008 to the present, he is affiliated with the Associated Laboratory CESAM of the University of Aveiro (UA) (Portugal), where he is now Principal Researcher, developing independent research on Sustainable Blue Growth, namely in the research fields of applied marine ecology, sustainable aquaculture and marine biotechnology. In 2020 he obtained his Habilitation in Biology by the UA (Portugal). Dr Calado has authored more than 200 international peer-reviewed publications in marine sciences, with several of these publications addressing the biology, aquaculture and conservation of ornamental fish and invertebrates. He authored the book “Marine Ornamental Shrimp – Biology, Aquaculture and Conservation” and was the leading editor of the book “Marine Ornamental Species Aquaculture”, both titles published by Wiley-Blackwell. He is currently responsible for the Aquaculture and Sea Research and Extension Centre at ECOMARE (Laboratory for Innovation and Sustainability of Marine Biological Resources) of UA (Portugal). 34

3RD INTERNATIONAL ORNAMENTAL FISH TRADE AND TECHNICAL VIRTUAL CONFERENCE Sustainability and the future of the Ornamental fish industry 35

3RD INTERNATIONAL ORNAMENTAL FISH TRADE AND TECHNICAL VIRTUAL CONFERENCE Sustainability and the future of the Ornamental fish industry jointly organised by: Network Partners: Ornamental Fish EXPORT DEVELOPMENT BOARD International SRI LANKA 36