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Safety practices And Sports injury management Submitted by: Submitted to: Resurex L.Dagum NicolePadernal H.O.P.E teacher 11 (H.E) Empathy

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Injury Assessment In the assessment of injuries in the sports context there are three step-by-step mnemonic procedures that are used and ove rlap with each other. 1.First aid DRSABCD 2.On field STOP 3. Off field TOTAPS

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AIRWAY Perform a head tilt-chin lift to open their airway. Open the person's mouth. If the person’s mouth is clear, tilt their head gently back and check for breathing. If the person’s mouth is not clear, place the person on their side, open their mouth and clear any obstructions, then tilt the head back and check for breathing. Check for breathing by looking for chest BREATHING movements, listening, and feeling for breaths. If the erson is unconscious but breathing, turn them onto their side, carefully ensuring that you keep their head, neck, and spine in alignment. If the person is unconscious and not breathing CPR make sure they are flat on their back, place the heel of one hand in the center of the person's chest and your other hand on top. Press down firmly to compress 1/3 of the person's chest depth. Do this 30 times and give 2 breaths (lift the chin, pinch nostrils, blow firmly into their mouth) at 5 repetitions every 2 minutes. Do this until other medical authorities arrive or the injured person responds.

DEFIBRILLATOR For an unconscious person who is not breathing, apply anautomated external defibrillator (AED), if one is available. Follow the instructions and voice prompts. If the person responds to defibrillation,turn them onto their side and tilt their head to maintain their airway. If the patient is a child, make sure the AED is suitable to use on a minor.

STOP STOP The injured athlete is stopped from further participating and the game is stopped only when necessary. Talk to the injured athlete. What happened? TALK How did it happen? What do they feel? Where does it hurt? Does it hurt anywhere else? Have you injured this part before? OBSERVE Observe the injured athlete and the area. Observe the injury: any swelling? any difference compared to the other side/limb? or tenderness when touched? If the player can move the injured part: does moving hurt? is the range of movement restricted? compared to normal or to the other side/limb, how does it feel?

PREVENT FURTHER INJURY MYoiunmorusint jausrsyes-sP.tlhaey loenvelbuoft tmhuesitnjaulrsyo: undergo PRICER Less severe injury - apptlyretahtemPenRtI.C. ER treatment Severe - Call for amobnulathneceathlete

TOTAPS TALK Talk to the athlete in order to gather as much information about the injury as possible. It's important to gather information around the symptoms of the injury, which might include: pain or other things felt such as grating or cracking. Observe the injured area. Compare both limbs/sides of the body to determine signs of OBSERVE injury (obvious abnormalities, swelling, redness, blood, etc.) If the signs exist, then assessment is stopped and first aid is applied Touch the injured area to see where the pain TOUCH begins moving along the limb or injured side towards the site of injury. If an abnormality or excessive pain exists when touched, then assessment is stopped and first aid is applied.

ACTIVE MOVEMENT Ask the injured athlete to move the injured area to see if they have full range of motion around the injured site and that the movement is pain free. Place a hand on the injured area to feel for any grating during the movement. If excessive pain exists, assessment is stopped and first aid is applied. PASSIVE MOVEMENT You move the injured area for the injured athlete, applying force to the area such as pulling or pushing the joint as well as moving the joint through its full range of motion. If there is no pain and there's full range of motion then the next step applies. But if the injured athlete reports pain or a lack of mobility, then assessment is stopped and first aid is applied. SKILLS TEST Assesses the injury to determine if the injured area can undergo the forces often found in the sport being played. Skills tests are specific to the sport and progress from basic low intensity movements to the faster, more powerful and forceful activities, from no equipment to full range of equipment. If a player fails because of pain, then first aid is applied. Most injuries by this point aren't likely to be serious ones.

INJURY TREATMENT In the treatment of sports injuries, the following are some of the common mnemonic procedures used while waiting for professional medical aid to arrive. 1. PRICER method 2. No HARM

PRICER PROTECTION Protect the athlete and the area being treated from further injury but also protect yourself. If the athlete can move, carefully move them to a safer area using a stretcher or a crutch, but if there is any doubt, do not move the injured athlete. REST Remove the athlete from the field and rest/immobilize the injured area to avoid further tissue damage and reduce any blood loss. ApplIyCicEe on the injured area for 15-20 minutes to decrease swelling and pain. However, any loss of sensation and any changes in tissue coloration in areas other than the area that is being iced indicate that the application is no longer safe.

COMPRESSION Wrap the injured area with an elastic bandage or compression sleeve. Start wrapping farthest away from the injured area to the heart and make sure to cover half of the previously wrapped area. Must be firm yet comfortable. Any tingling or pain means it's too tight ELEVATION Keep the injured area/limb elevated to allow excess fluid to be pumped back into the blood vessel system and prevent further swelling. REFERRAL Refer the injured athlete to a medical professional or physiotherapist for proper diagnosis and treatment.

NO HARM (no) Avoid applying hot packs to the injured area HEAT or going to spas and saunas since it increases blood flow to the injured area, resulting in swelling. Avoid consuming alcoholic beverages as it can (no) inhibit your ability to feel if your injury is becoming more aggravated. It also increases ALCOHOL blood flow and swelling and may be toxic to the injured area. (no) Avoid any activities that RE-INJURY may aggravate the injury and cause further damage. Avoid rubbing, massaging, or (no) mobilizing the injured area as it MASSAGE worsens the blood flow and swelling.

INJURY PREVENTION Prevention It is vital to incorporate primary injury prevention and make this public health priority as this will have significant implications for reducing long- term consequences of sports- related musculoskeletal injuries.

To reduce the risk injury: Take time off- have at least one day off per week from a particular sport to allow your body to recover. Wear the right gear-Athletes should wear appropriate and properly. fit protective equipment. Strengthen muscle-. Conditioning exercises during practice strengthen muscles used in play. Increase flexibility - Have stretching exercises after games/pra- ctice and in your daily fitness routine. Use the proper technique -Follow proper techniques to avoid injuring yourself doing a wrong maneuver. Tale breaks -Rest periods during practice and games can reduce injuries and prevent heat illnesses. Play safe-Strictly follow the rules of the game to avoid undue accidents. Do not play through the pain - Stop playing as to not further aggravate the injury. Avoid heat illness -Drink plenty of fluids before, during, and afte a game/practice.

Play safely treat it properly