Sheetl.Cells(5, 6) .Value = ( ( ( (b (UBound(b) - 7)) * 128 + b(UBound(b) 5)) / 16) * (5 / 1024) /4.8-0.16) / 0.0062 'Humidity 3 Sheetl.Cells(5, 7).Value = ((((b(UBound(b) - 3)) * 128 + b(UBound(b) 1)) / 16) * (5 / 1024) / 0.0062 / 4.8 - 0.16) 'Humidity 4 |??? sensor supply exampleDate = Now Sheetl.Cells(5, 8).Value = Hour(exampleDate) 9).Value = Minute(exampleDate) Sheetl.Cells(5, 10).Value 11).Value = Second(exampleDate) Sheetl.Cells(5, 12).Value = Day(exampleDate) 13).Value = Month(exampleDate) Sheetl.Cells(5, = Year(exampleDate) Sheetl.Cells(5, Sheetl.Cells(5, 'close COM port MSComml.PortOpen = False Next i End Sub ?????????? ??? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ????. ???? ????????? ?????? ? Excel ??? ? I? ? 0 ? F 16 I? I J ? L ? ??????????? ? ????????? 1 ????????? ? ?????? 4 2 ????????\\??, ? ?????????. % 3 82.1 ????? ??? |?*? ???? ????? | 3 8 1l| ???? 1 21 2. ??? 3 |??? 1 5 42 9| 2013| 7 12.5 12.7 87.4 88.3 86.2 ?? ?\\ ????????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ???????? ????. ?? ? D ?F G ?? ? ? ? ????????? ?I 2 1 ?????????? ?? ???????????? 128 |2~ cell ????, ????? ???????????. 128 ?????????, % ?????, ??? 12 128 2 ??~ Start 1 1 128 1 I ? 14 28 |5~ 124 127 874 883 862 30 1 9/3/2013 8 11 125 127 874 883 862 82.1 33 6 127 874 883 862 82.1 35 2 9/3/2013 8 11 874 883 862 82.1 37 874 883 862 82 1 40 7 3 9/3/2013 8 11 124 874 883 862 82 1 42 874 883 862 82.1 8 4 9/3/2013 8 11 124 82.1 9 5 9/3/2013 8 11 125 10 6 9/3/2013 8 11 124 I? 7 9/3/2013 8 11 125 12 I 13 ???????? ? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? Excel ?????, ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ? ???????? ???????? ?????. ????????? ??????, ???????? ?????????? ???? ?????????, ? ??????? ?????? Run ???????- ??????. ???? ??????? ??????, ??????????? ? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? Stop ????????????? ??????????? ???????, ? ?????? Close ?????????
UserFormI i *) Stop Run 1 1 Close ?????????? ?????????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? Excel ????? ????????? ???????? Workbook. Microsoft Visual Basic Lonfc. Read ??? _and_Tcmp„2.xls whdow Hefc : 5*e £d* «ew insert Fojrmrf fc&bug &? lodj ftid-Jrw ?-3^ v. Lonpf Read Hum and Temp 2.xls - This Workbook (Code) , VBAProject (LoogReadHumandJ ; * Mkrosof* Excd Objects Workbook *\\ [open d ?] 5heeU(Sh«?U) Private Sub Uot:fcl:»ook_Openf) ®5beet2(5bect2) UsecForrol.Shou (g) ThisWorkbook. End Sub :3 Fcrms [3 UserFormI ? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????: Private Declare Sub Sleep Lib \"kernel32\" (ByVal dwMiHiseconds As Long) Dim StopMacro As Boolean Private Sub CommandButtonl_Click() Dim b() As Byte f for COM port Input buffer reading xls file: As Excel.Workbook, ffor saving data in external oBook oSheet As Dim oXL As Excel.Application, Variant As Ex- cel .Worksheet, vValue Dim Offset As Integer 'or Long StopMacro = False For i = 1 To 10000 DoEvents 'statement in the loop to click the other button If StopMacro Then Exit For fSub MSComml.CommPort =3 MSComml.Settings = \"9600,N,8,1\" MSComml.InputLen =0 Next On Error Resume MSComml.PortOpen = True If Err Then MsgBox \"Com\" & MSComml.CommPort & \": not available. Change CommPort property to another port.\"
Exit Sub End If 'Using the Excel automation objects to open xls file Set oXL = New Excel.Application Set oBook = oXL.Workbooks.Open(\"D:\\pc\\LONG_ADC_Arduino_Read\\DataBase_l.xls\") Set oSheet = oBook.Worksheets(\"Sheetl\") Sleep 2000& 'Delay for 2 second 'Start Arduino sending of ADC 14 bit averages into COM port = Chr$ MSComml.Output (1) 'LED High Input Sleep 500& 'Delay for 0.5 second b = MSComml. ' Reading ADC data 'ADC 10 bit average = (Hi byte x 128 + Lo byte) / 16 loop with 'Arduino averages ~730 ADC samples each excel 0. 5 s delay Sheetl.Cells(5, 1).Value =i 'WW Offset in voltage Sheetl. Cells (5, 2) .Value = ( ( ( (b (UBound(b) - 23)) * 128 + b(UBound(b) * (5 / 1024) 21)) / 16) - 2.92) * 100 'Temperature 1 Sheetl.Cells(5, 3).Value = ((((b(UBound(b) - 19)) * 128 + b(UBound(b) 17)) / 16) * (5 / 1024) - 2.92) * 100 'Temperature 2 Sheetl.Cells(5, 4).Value = ((((b(UBound(b) - 15)) * 128 + b(UBound(b) 13)) / 16) * (5 / 1024) / 0.0062 / 4.8 - 0.16) 'Humidity 1 Sheetl.Cells(5, 5).Value = ((((b(UBound(b) - 11)) * 128 + b(UBound(b) 9)) / 16) * (5 / 1024) /4.8-0.16) / 0.0062 'Humidity 2 Sheetl.Cells(5, 6).Value = ((((b(UBound(b) - 7)) * 128 + b(UBound(b) 5)) / 16) * (5 / 1024) /4.8-0.16) / 0.0062 Sheetl.Cells(5, 'Humidity 3 1)) / 16) 7).Value = ((((b(UBound(b) - 3)) * (5 / 1024) /4.8-0.16) / 0.0062 * 128 + b(UBound(b) 'Humidity 4 1??? sensor supply exampleDate = Now Sheetl.Cells(5, 8).Value = Hour(exampleDate) Sheetl.Cells(5, 9).Value = Minute(exampleDate) Sheetl.Cells(5, 10).Value = Second(exampleDate) Sheetl.Cells(5, 11).Value = Day(exampleDate) Sheetl.Cells(5, 12).Value = Month(exampleDate) Sheetl.Cells(5, 13).Value = Year(exampleDate) Offset = oSheet.Cells(4 1).Value 'Index offset oSheet.Cells(Offset, 1) Value = Offset - 4 oSheet.Cells(Offset, 2) Value = exampleDate Value = Sheetl.Cells(5, oSheet.Cells(Offset, 3) 2).Value 3).Value oSheet.Cells(Offset, 4) Value Sheetl.Cells(5, 4).Value 5).Value oSheet.Cells(Offset, 5) Value Sheetl.Cells(5, 6).Value 7).Value oSheet.Cells(Offset, 6) Value Sheetl.Cells(5, 10).Value oSheet.Cells(Offset, 7) Value Sheetl.Cells(5, offset oSheet.Cells(Offset, 8) Value Sheetl.Cells(5, oSheet.Cells(Offset, 9) Value Sheetl.Cells(5, Offset = Offset +1 oSheet.Cells(4, 1).Value = Offset 'Cell
'Close external xls file Set oSheet = Nothing 'Without False displays Message oBook.Close True Set oBook = Nothing oXL.Quit Set oXL = Nothing 1ActiveWorkbook.Close True False 1ActiveWorkbook.Close MSComml.PortOpen 1 Close COM port = False Next i Exit Sub Application.CommandBars(1).Reset 'Reset the main Worksheet Menu bar End Sub Private Sub CommandButton2_Click() StopMacro = True End Sub Private Sub CommandButton3_Click() 'End '<Ctrl 'Comment: It Exit all macros macro + Break> stops running 'The following closes Excel Application: Application.DisplayAlerts = False ThisWorkbook.Save = True Application.DisplayAlerts Application.Quit End Sub ================================ ?????????? ================================= ???????? ??????? Arduino UNO ??????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? Serial.begin(9600) ; ???? (RS-232) ?? ????: 19200, 300, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 14400, 38400, 57600, 115200 ??? (???/?) Serial.flush(); ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? TTL ????? Arduino int led = 13; pinMode(led, (OUTPUT -?? ?????). ? 13 ????? ????????? OUTPUT); ????????? ??????? ???????????? ??? ???????- ????? ????????? ?????? Arduino digitalWrite(led, LOW); ????????? ? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? digitalWrite(led, HIGH); ????????????? ? 13-?? TTL-????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? void loop () {} ? ???????? ?????? ?????? 10 ??????- int adc 0; ?????? ??????? (????????) 0 127 adc 0 = analogRead(O); ???? 5? 0.1 ?? ??? Serial.wri te(adc 0 Lo); ?????? ? ???-???? ????? unsigned long adc 0 sum = 0; int loop num = 0; adc adc 0 sum = adc 0 ?????????? ? ??????? ADC ?????? sum + 0; loop num = loop num + 1;
if (loop_num > 30000) ?????? ?? ???????????? ?????????? { adc 0 sum = 0; } ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ????. Excel ???- if (Serial.available() > 0) {} ???????????? ??? ????????????? Arduino ??? ????????? ? Ctrl num — Serial. read (); ?????????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? adc 0 = (adc 0 sum * 16) / ?????????? ???????? ????????, ??????????- loop num; ?? ??? ?????????? ??? ???????? ? ??????- ??? ??????????? ??????????? ??? ?? 14 ??? ????????? ??????? ???????? 14-?????????? adc_0_Hi = ( (adc_0 » 7) & 0x7F); ???????? ????????? ??????? ???????? 14-?????????? adc_0_Hi = ( (adc_0 » 7) & 0x7F); ???????? ???????? ? ???-???? ??????? ? ??????? ??- Serial.write(adc 0 Hi); ?????? 14-?????????? ???????? // in 0 .. 127 data range ??????????- ?? ?????????? ?????????? 10-????????? Serial.write(adc 0 Lo) ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? Macros ? MS ActiveX control ??????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ?????- Private Declare Sub Sleep Lib ??????? \"kernel32\" (ByVal ????? ????????. ?????? \"???????? As Long) dwMilliseconds ?? ???? ???????\": Sleep 1000& Sub CommandButtonl Click() End Sub ?????? ? ????? ???????????? ????????????? ?????????? / ????????? ????- ?????? ? ??????????? ?? ???? ??? ???????- Dim StopMacro As Boolean Dim ??? ???????? - ?? ????????? ??? ?????? ???????????? ?????. For i = 1 To 10000 Next i ?????? ????????? ????? DoEvents ?????? ?????? ?? ????? For. ???????? If StopMacro DoEvents ????????? ????? ?????????????? ?????????? Then Exit For ?????????? MSComml. CommPort =3 MSComml.Settings = \"9600,N,8,1\" ??????????? ? ??? ????? ? ????????? ??? ?????????? MSComml.InputLen = 0 On Error Resume Next MSComml.PortOpen = True If Err Then MsgBox \"Com\" & MSComml. CommPort & \": not available. Change ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ? CommPort property to another ???-?????? port.\" Sub End If Exit MSComml.PortOpen = False ???????? ??? ????? Set oXL = New Excel.Application Set oBook = oXL.Workbooks.Open(\"D:\\pc\\LONG A ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? (?? ????- DC Arduino Read\\DataBase l.xls\") ????? ? macros) ??????????? ??????? Excel Set oSheet = oBook.Worksheets(\"Sheetl\")
Set oSheet = Nothing oBook.Close True f without False displays Message Set oBook = Nothing Excel ?????? ???????? ???????? ????? oXL.Quit Set oXL = Nothing 1 ActiveWorkbook. Close True 1ActiveWorkbook.Close False MSComml = Chr$(1) ?????? ??????? ? ??? ???? ??? ??????????- .Output ??? ????????? Arduino b = MSComml. Input ?????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? =i ?????? ? ?????? Excel (? ??????? ???????? Sheetl.Cells(5, 1).Value macros) ?????????? i exampleDate = Now ?????? ????????? ???? ? ??????? Sheetl.Cells(5, 8).Value = Hour(exampleDate) ????????? ?? ?????????? exampleDate ?????- Sheetl.Cells(5, 12).Value = ??? ???????? ???? ? ?????? Month(exampleDate) oSheet.Cells(Offset, 1).Value = ?????? ? ?????? ??????? Excel ???????? Offset Offset 4- True 4- Application.DisplayAlerts = False ThisWorkbook.Save Excel ???????? ? macros Application.DisplayAlerts = Application.Quit ??????? Workbook ??? ??????????????? ??- UserForml.Show ThisWorkbook.Save ????? macros ??????????. ??????? <Ctrl + Break> ????????????? ?????? macros.
???????????????? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????? ? ??????????? «??????????» ??????? ????- ? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????. ? ?????????, ???? ????????? ???? ???? ???????????, ??????? ?? ??????? — ???????? ?? ? ????? ??? ???????????. ? ?????? ??????? ??? — ????? ?????? ????????????? ????????- ?????????? ??? ?????-??????? ? ?????? ?????????? ?? ?? ???????. ??????? ???- ???? ????????? ???? ???? ?????-????? ?? ?????????? ?????, ????? ??? ???????- ? ??- ????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? 100% ?????????????. ????????, ??? ???????????? ???? ??? ?????????? ????????? ??????????, ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? 10-15 ????????? ? ??????, ???????????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????????, ?? ? ???????. ????? ???????, ????? ???????? ???? ?????-?? ????- ????????? ? ???????? ????, ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????????, ??? ????- ???, ?????? ?? ????????? ???????, ? ?? ?????????????? ????? ???????? ???????- ??? ? ???????????? ?????????? ???????????. ??? ??? ???????????????? ???????? ??? ????, ?????? ?????, ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????? ???????????????. ????? ?????, ???????????????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ???????????????- ???. ??? ???? ??????? ???????, ??? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????- ????. ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??-??????, ??? ?? ???????? ?????????? ? ???, ??? ?????? ????? ??- ???????? ?????????? ?????????. ????????????? ?????? ???????? ???????????????? ???????? ?????-????????? (??? ??????? ???????). ?? ???? ??- ????? ????? ?????-?????????????. ??-??????, ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????, ?? ???????? ?????????? ???? ??? ????????? «??? ? ??????????». ????????, ?? ?????????????
???? ????????? ?? ?????-137. ? ????? ????????? ? ?????, ?????????? ?????????- ????? 241. ??????? ?????? ?????-137 — 667 ???, ???????? — 59 ???, ?? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ??????. ? ??????, ??? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? (? ??????, ? ??? ?????????? ?????????? ???????) ??????????? ???? ???- ????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????. ?? ???? ????????? ???????? ??????????. ? ????? ????????? ??????? ???? ????????? ??? ?????? ???????? (?? ????, ??? ??- ????????) , ????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????????????????? ??????. ? ?????? ??????? ? ????? ???????? ?????????: • ?????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ? ????????? ??? ????? ?????????? ? ?????- ?????? ????????; • ?????????? ??????? ?????????????????; • ?????????????? ??????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ????????, ? ??????????? ? ???????????????? ?????????; ????????????? ????????????? — ????????, ?????????? ???????????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????- ????? ????????????? ????????? (?????-???????, ??????????, ?????-?????? ? ?. ?.) . ??? ???????, ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ???????, ??? ????????? ???????? ????- ?????????? ??????? ?????????. ???????????????? ????????? ??????? ????????? — ???????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????????1. ? ???????????????? ????, ????- ?????? ??? ????????????, ?????????? ?? ????????????? (??? ???????, ??? ????- ????? ???????????????? ?????????? — ???, ??????????? ???? ???????????? ????- ????? ? ?????? ?????????????), ????????????? ? ??????? ????, ??????????? ? ???????????? ??? ??? ???? ?????????????? ????????. ???? ????? ? ???????? ?????????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ???????- ? ???????? ?????????? ??????. ?????? ??? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ??? (??? Nal(T1) ?????- ????????? ??????). ???, ? ????????????? ? ??????????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? (??????? ?? ?????? ??- ??? ????? ????????). ?????????????, ??????? ???????? ??? ??????????, ??????- ???? ????????????. ??????? ???????????????? ???????? ?????????? ????, ?????????? ???????, ??- ????? ???????????? ? ???????? ?????????????? ? ???? ?????????? ?????? ? ????? ????? ???????????? ? ???????? ?????????. ??????? ???????????? ??????? ????? ? ????????????? ?????????. ?????????? ? ??????? ?????????????? ? ???? ?? ?????? ???????????? ??- ?????????? ???????. ?????? ? ???????? ??????? ?????????????? ??? ????? ??????????? ????????? ???????? ????. ???????????? ????????????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ????- - ?????????????- ??? ?????. ????????? ?????? ????????????? ???????????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????. ??? ??????? ???? ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ? ???????????????? ????????? ???? ????. ????? ?????????? ????? ??????- ???????, ??????, ?????? ????: ?????? ????????????? ??????????? ??? ?? ?????- ??????? ??????????? ?????. ????? ????? ?????????????? ??????????? ? ????????????? ??????? ??????????, ??? ????????? ? ????- ???????????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ? ??????????????? ??? ???????). ???? ??????? ???? (??? ??????????? ?????????? ???????, ??? ???????? ?????????? ? ???????????? ?????????????? ??? ???????????? ? ???????????? ???????????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ? ?????????? ???, ????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????. ??? ????? ????? ??????????? ???- 1 ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????????? ??? ??? ???, ??????? ???????? ???- ? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ? ? ?????????????? ?????????????? ?????, ?? ?????????.
??? ??? ??????????? ???????????? ????? ?????????????? ?????. ? ??????????? ??????? ??????????????? ????? ????????????? ???????? ?? 1 ?? 30 ??. ???????????? ????????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????????? (??- ????? ?????? — ???????? ??????????) ?? ????????? ? ???????????????, ?? ????? ??????? ??????????: ???????????? X max ????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????? [??] [??] Nal ?-???????? 348 96 0,12 440 30 0,5 440 5 0,25 ???? ????? ? ???????? ?????????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ???????- ?????????? ??????. ?????? ??? ?????????? ??????????? ? ???????? ?????? ??? ????????? (??? ??????). ???, ? ????????????? Nal(T1) ? ??????????????? ?????- ?? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? (??????? ?? ?????? ??- ??? ????? ????????). ?????????????, ??????? ???????? ??? ??????????, ??????- ???? ????????????. ????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ????????????? ???????????? ???????????? (? ?????????) ?????????? ??? ?? 2,0 0,25 0,6 Nal(T1) 0,5 410 0,2 ????????????? CsI(Tl) 1,2 Lil(Sn) 560 2,0 ?????????????? Lil(Eu) 1,0 2,0 ZnS(Ag) 1,0 450 ????? ????????????? CdS (Ag) ????? ????????????? 450 ??????? 760 ????????????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ???????????? ? ??????????? ?????????? ?? ???? ??????? ?120? (????????) , Y2O3 (?????????) ??????? Y3AI5O12 ? YA103, ? ????? ???, ???. ? ????????? ????? ?????????????? ????????????? ??? ????? ?????????? (?????- ???, ????????? ????????????? ???????????? ?? eBay). ? ???????? ????????????? ????? ???????????? ????????, ??????? ??????????? ??? ??????? - ??????? ?????, ????? ??? ?? ?????????? ???????????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ??? ?????????????????? ?????? (??? ZnS[Ag]), ??? ????? ??????? ???????????? ??????. ??? ?????? ???????????? ??? ??????? ?????- ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ? ???????? ?????????? ????????/????????? ???? ??- ???????. ???? ????? ?? ???????? ? ????????????? ????? ??????? ??????. ??? ??- ??? ????? ???? ?????? ? ???????? ??????????, ???? ????????? ? ?????????????- ???- ???? ??????? - ????? ????? ??? ?????? ? ?????? ??????????? ? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????. ?????? ? ???????? ????????? ? ?????????? ???????????? ???????????????? ???????? ?????? ?????, ?????????????? ???????. ?????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??- ???????????????? - ?????????? ??????? ? ?????? ??????? ??????? (????????????- ?? ? ?????-?????????) ?????????? ? ??? ????????, ?????? ???? ??????????? ? ???? ????????, ????? ????????????, ??????? ????? - ????????????. ??? ??????? ??????? ?????, ????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ???-
?????. ????????????, ????????? ? ????????????? ??????? ????????????????? ??? ?????. ????? ??????? ???????, ??????? ????????? ?????. ?????-????? ? ???????? 1 ???, ????????? ???????????? ? ????????? Csl(T1), ????????? ???????? 40 000 ??????? ???????? ?????. ????? ?? ?????????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????????. ????????, ??? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? (?? ????? ??- ??, ??? ????????? ? ??????, ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ???). ? ??? ????????, ??? ???????? ? ??? ?????????, ? ????????? ??????? 100%. ??? ??????, ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ? ????????? ????????? ???? ??????????-???????? ????. ? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? 40 000 ??????????????. ? ?????? ???? ???????, ??? ?? ? ?????, 1 ???. ??????, ? ??????? ? ??? ????? 4-?10 ??????????????. ??, ????? ????????? - 1,6-?-19 ? ????? 4-?10 ?????????????? - 6,4-10-9 ??, ?? ???? ???? ????, ??????? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ? ????? ????????? - ???- ?? ???? ????????? ?????????! ? ???? ????????? ? ???, ??? ? ?????? ?? ??? ??- ?????? ?? ????????, ? ????????? ????? ? ???? ?? 100%... ?? ? ???? ?? ????????- ????????? - ??? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ?????-?????????, ? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ? ??????????? ????? ?????? ???????. ? ?????, ????????? ??? ????? ??????????? ?? ???????. ??????, ??????? — ?? ? ????? ??????? ??????. ?????? ??? ??????????? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????????? (? ?????? ?????????) ??????????????? ??????????. ? ??? ?????? ????????????, ??????? ?? ??????????, ???????????? ?? ??????? ???????, ????? ???????? ? ???????? ???, ? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????????? ??? ?? ????-, ? ???????????, ? ????????- ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????????? ?????. ?? ??? - ??? ???????? ??????- ??? ??????? ?????????? ??????, ??? ?????????? ???????, ????????? ???????? ??- ????? ????????????. ? ?????, ?? ????? ?????????? ? ??????? ????????? ?????- ???. ???????? ?????????, ???? ? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ?? ???? ????????? ??????????? ?????????, ????? ??? ??????????????? ???????, ?? ?????- ?????? ??????? ?????????????? ???????? ????????? ???? ?? ? ????????? ?????- ?????? . ? ???? ?? ? ????????????? ????????? ????? ??????????? ????????? ???- ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ????? 10-200, ??? ?? ????????? ? ??????????? ??? ??? ??????????????? ????????? - ?????. ??? ??? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ? ??????? ??????????? ?? ????? Si-??? ??? SiPM. ???, ?? ????, ????- ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ????????? ???????? ??????????, ?????????? ? ????- ????????? ??????, ? ??????? ???????????? ????? ???????? ?????????????? ?????- ??? ????????? ??????. ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????. ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???????, ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ? ??????????? ?????? ??????. ??? ?????? (?? ?????? ??????? ???????) ????????? ?? ????????? Si-??? ?????- ??????, ? ??????????? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ???????????, ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ?????????. ? ???????????? ????? ?????????? ??? ????? ?????? - ?????????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? - ????? 28-29 ? ????? ???????? ?????????????? ? ????????? ??????, ? ???????? ? ??????? ??????. ?????? ?????? ?? ????? - ?? ????????????? ????????? ???????, ?? ???????? ??? ???????. ? ??? Si-??? - ??? ????????? ????????? ??????? ???- ????? 3x3 ??? 6x6 ??. ??????, ???? ????? ? ???? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ?????????? ?????, ?? ????????, ??? ???????????? ????????. ??? ?????????? ???????? 8x8x50 ??. ??????????? ? ????????? ?????????2, ????? ????? ??????????? ???????? Csl(T1) ??? Nal(T1) ? «??????» ???????? ????????? ???????? (10x40, 18x30 ??, ? ?.?.). ??????, ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????, ??? ???? ????? ???????? 2 ?.?., ??????? ?.?. ? ??????? ? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????????? ??????? ???????? // ?????????. ??? ????????????? ???. ???????? ???????????????? 1965. ?.138. ?.42-48.
???????????? ? ???????? 3x3 ??, ??? ??? ???????????? ?????????? ????? ??? 10 ?? ???????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? (? ??????????? ????? ????- ???) MicroFC 60035. ??????, ??????? ???? ?????????????? ????? Broadcom ??- ?????????? ?? ????????????? ????????????. ? ?????? ?????????? ??????????????? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? (WLCSP-16) ??? ??? ? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????. ? ???????? ????????????? - Si-??? MicroFC 30035 ?????????? ????? SensL (??- ???? ??? ????????????? On Semi). ????, ? ????? ????????? ???????????? Si-??? ? ???????? Csl(T1), ????? ????- ???? ??????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ? ????? ?????????????. ? ?????? ???????? ? Si-??? ??????? ???????- ??? ????? ?????? ?????????????? ??????, ?????????, ??? ???-?????. ????? ??- ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????????????? ?????????? ?????????. ?????? ??- ?????? ?????? ??????????? ???????, ?????????????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ? ???????????? - ???????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ????? ???????????? ? ???? ?
????????? ? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ? ??? ??????????. ? ???????, ? ??????? ?? ?????? «????????????» — ?????? ??????, Csl ??????????? ?? ???????? ????????? ???????????????? - ?? ???? ?? ?? ??????????? ????? ?? ???????. ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????? ? ????? ????- ????? ?????? ????????? ???? ? ???????? ?? ? ????? ????????????????? ????????- ??, ??? ????? ? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????????? ???????????? ??????, ? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????????? ?? ??????. ? ????????, ????? ????? ? ???? ??- ???????????? ????? ???????? ???????????? ?? ??????? (????????, ?????? ??????- ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ? ????????? ???????), ??????? ???? ????????? ???- ??? ?????? ???? ? ?????, ??? ? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???- ???. ???????, ??-?? ??????? ??? ?????????? ?????? (?? ?? ???????????!) ???- ???????? ????? ???????????? ?????, ? ?? ???????. ????????? Csl (T1) ?????????????? ????????? ???????. ? ???? ???????? ????- ??? ??????????? ????????????. ???????? ?????? ????????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??????, ? ????? ?? ???????? ???????. ??? ?????? ???????? ????????- ?????? ????? ?????, ??????????? ? ???????? ??????. ??? ???????? ??????????? ???????????? ??????. ???? ?????????? ???? ????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???- ????, ?? ?? ?????? ???????????? ?????, ????????? ? ????. ????? ????????????? ????????? ? ??? ?? ??????????????????. ?????????? ????? Eagle ?? ??????? ? ????????? ???????? ????3, ? ????? ??????? ???????- ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ? ??????? ????? ???????: ftp://homelab.homelinuxserver.org/pub/arhiv/2020-01-al.rar ????????? ???????? ? ????? ?? ???? ???????: ????????? ? ?????????????. ? ????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ???????, ??? ???? ????- ?? ????????? ? ???????? ???? ??? ????????? ? ???? ???????. ? ????????? ?????? ?? ????????? ???????? ????????????, ? ???? ?????? ??????, ?????? ?????, ????- ?????. ?? ????? ?????????: ??????? ???????? ????, ???????? ???????? ????? ? ????????? ? ??????? (CPS), ? ????? ???????? ????, ??????????? ?? ????????? ?????? ? ???????????? ????, ??????????? ????? ????????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????. ? ????????????? ??????, ????????, ????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? (???????? ?????? «Enter» ??? ??????, ? ????? ??? ????????? ?????????), ? ?? ?? ????? ????????? ?????? ? ?????????? ????????? ? ????????? ???????????, ??? «??????» — ????-?????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????. ????? ????, ? ??- ??????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ? ??????- 3 ???? ?????????? ?? ?? ????????? ????????????, ??? ???? ? ?.?. ?? ???????? ???- ???????? (??? ????? ?????????? ?????????). ???????? ????????: ??????????? ???????????? ? ????? ?????????? ????? ?? ??????? ? ?????? ? ? ??????? Eagle ?? ???????- , ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ????????? R8 ? ?9 (?? ????? ?? ??????) ? ???????????? ? ??, ????? ????????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????. ???????
???????? «??? ? ??????????». ????????????? ????? ????????? ? ?????????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ???. ?????????? ?? ?????? ???????????? ???????????? ???? ????????? ? ??????????? ??????????? ? ??????????? ??????. ? ?????????, ????????? ????? ??? ???????? ? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????????? ?????????, ?????? ?? ????? ?????????? ??????? ? ?????? ?????????, ? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ? ???? ? ?.?. ?????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ? ???????????? ?????????? ???????. ? ????????? ???? ??? ??????. ???????????? ?????? ? ?????? - ??????????????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????????, ? ??? ?? ???????????? ?? ??????????? ??????- ???? ?????????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????. ????? ??? ???? ??? ????- ?????? ?????. ?? ????????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????, ????- ?????????? ?? ????-???-??? ????? (????? ??????? ? ??????????) ?? ????. ???? ? ????????? ????? ????????? ???????????? ?? ????? ??????, ??? ?????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????????? ?????, ????????? ???? ??? ?????????, ?? ???- ?????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????????. ? ??- ????????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????????, ?? ???? ??? ???. ???? ?? ??????????? ? ?????????? ??????????? ????????? ?? MicroSD-?????, ?????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ?? ????? ??????????. ?? ??? ????????????? ???- ?? ??????????? ?????? GPS, ?????????????? ???????? - ????? ???? ????????. ???????????? ??????? ? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??- ??? «??????? ???????», ????????? ???????? - ? ??????? ????. ????? ? ????, ??? ??? ??????????, ?? ????????????? ??????? ?????????. ????? ????????? ?? ??????? ????. ?4 ?5 10 ??? 6,3? 10 ??? 6,3? DA2 AD8606 ??? ??????? ?? ????????? ???????? ?????: ????; • ???????
• ??????????; • ??????? ????????. ???????? ???????????? ? ???????? ??????? ??1. ????? Si-??? - ? ???????? 3 (HV), ???? - ? ???????? 1 (DET), ? ? ???????? 2 (GND) ???????????? ?????????- ???? ????? ????????? - ??? ??????? ?? ???????????? ??????. ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ???????????? ????????????? ????????? R2 ? ????????- ???????????? ????????????? R1, ??????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ? ?????? ????????????? ????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ??? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ??????????, ??- ????? - ??? ???????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????. ?????? ? ???????? ??????????? ??? (???????? 900 ??) , ??? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ? ???- ?????????? ?????????? ????? 1 ??? ? ????????????? ????? ????? 15 ???. ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ??????????? ???????? 470 ??, ????????????? ???? ?? ??????????? ???? ? ?????? ? ??????? ??????????- ???? ???????? R3R5R6 ????????????? ??????? ?? 2-3 ???. ? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ?????????? LMV7239, ?????????? ????? ??- ????????? ? ?????????? ??????? ??????????????? (< 100 ??) ??? ????? ????????- ???????? ??????? ???????????. ???????? ?????????? R3R5R6 ????????? ? ???????- ?????? ????? R4C3 ????????? «?????????» ????????? ??????????, ????? ???????- ??? ? ????????? ??????? ???????????????? ? ????????? ???? ????????? ? ??????- ???? ???????????? ???????? ???? ? ????????????. ???????????????? ??????????? ???????????? ???????? ????????????? R5 ? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ??. ?? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????????? ??????? ????????????? ???????- ???. ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??-?? ????? ?????- ????, ?? ??????? ?????????? ?? ????? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ? ???????? ???????????????? ? ? ????? - ?????? ???????????. ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ? ???????? ?? ???????? ?????, ??? ?????????? ???- ??????? ????????????????. ???????????? ?? ???????????? ??????? DA2 (LMC555CM, ?? ???? - ??????? ???- ??? 555, ?????? ? ???? ??????????) ?? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ??????? (????????????? ??????????) ????????????? 10 ??? (?????? ????????????? ???????? R7C6). ???? ??????? ????????????? ? ??????? DD1 (????????? ???????? ????? TinyLogic ? ??????? SOT23-5) ? ???????? ?? ???? DD2, ??????? ???????????? ??????????? ?12 ???????? ????????? ? ?????????? ??????? ?????????. ? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?? ????????? 10 ???. ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???????????? ??????????????? ?????. ?????????? ???? ????? ?????? ????????, ?? ? ????? ???????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ????. ???? ? ???, ??? ? ???????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????? ? DA2.1 ????- ????? ? ?? ? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ? ????????? ??????????, ????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????, ? ????????? ????????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????????? (?? ???? ??????????? ??? ?????- ????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ????). ? ?????? ???????, ?????????? ?? ??- ????????????? ????? ? ?????????????? ?????? ?????? ? ????, ? ??????????? ??- ??????? , ??? ??? ?? ????????????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????????. ? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ? ???? ?????? ??????????? ? ?????? ?? ? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ????? ???????? ?????, ?????????????? ?????- ??? ???! ??-?? ????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?? ????????? ? ?????? ??- ?????????, ? ??????????? ????????????? ?????? ? ???????? ?????, ?? ???????? ??? ??????? ????? ? ??????. ? ?????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??- ????? ???????, ??? ???? ??? ?????????? ?? ????????? ???????? ??????????????? ?????????? ???????????? ?12. ???????? ??????????? ???????????????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????????? ?????-
????? ???????????? ? ??????? ?????????, ??????? ?????????? ????????? ?? ? ??- ??? ??????????, ? ????? ???? ? ???????????? ??????????? ??????? ???????????? ??? (????????????, ???????, ?????????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ?????, ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??????). ??????? ?? ????? ? ????? ????? ?????????????? ??????- ????? ?9. ???????? R8 ???????????? ?????? ????? ????????????, ???? ?? ????? ????????? (????? ??????????? ??? ?????? - ??????? ????????????? ? DA2 ??????- ?????? ? ???????). ? ??? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????, ????? ????? ????????? ????? ????????? ????????, ? ????? ????? ?????????, ? ????? ??????- ????????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????. ?? ?????????? ???????????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??, ????????? ?? ????? ????????. ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??????, ????? - ?????? ??????????, ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ??????. ????? ?????????? ? ???? ?????????? ??? ??????, ??? ?? ????????? ????????? ? ?????????? ??????- ?? (??? ????????? ???????? ?????????) ? ???, ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ??- ???????? ????? 10 ???, ??????? ???????????? ???????????? ??????????? ???????- ???? 1206, ??????????? ? ???????????? ???? NP0 ????? ?????? ????????. ?? ?????? ?? ?????????? DA2 ?????? ????? ? ??????? ??????? ??????????????, ??????????? ????? ?????????? ? ???????????? ???????? ?????????, ?? ???????? ???, ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? R9 ? R10. ? V ????? ??????????? [\\ ?^ 10 ??? ,1 1 1 iZ ? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ????????? ??- ????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ?? ?????? TRIG ????????????? 2-4 ??? ? ??????? ? ?????????????? ??????? ????????????? 10 ??? ? ???????, ?????????- ??????? ????????? ???????????? ? ????????? ????????, ?? ?????? SP. ? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? 10 ??? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????, ??? ??- ??????? ????????? ??? ???????? ??? ? ??????? ??????????? ??? ??????????????- ??, ? ?????? TRIG ????? ???? ?????? «?????????» ?? ? ????????? ?????????? ??????????, ? ??????? ??? ????????? (?????? ? ????????? ?????????) ?????????- ?? . ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ???????: 3,3-5 ? ??? ?????? ????? ???????????? ? «???????» ?????????? 28-29 ? ??? ???????? ?????????. ??? - ??????? ????? 2,5 ??. ?? ???? «???????? ??????????» ??? ??????????? ?? ??- ?????? ????????? ? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ???????- ???.
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????? ??????? (???? ????? ?? Eagle) ????????? ?? ??????? ????. ???????? ?????? ?? ????????????? ?????-??????? ????????????, ????????????? ? ??????? XI. ? ??????????? ?????-?????????? ??????????? «???????» ?? 2,3 ?*?, ? ????????, ???????? ????? ??????????? ?? ?????????? ? ?.?. ?? ????????- ??? ???????. ?? DA1 ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ????, ?????????? ?? USB- ?????. ??? ??? ?????-???? ????????????, ??? ?? ???????? ?? LTC4054-4,2. ??- ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ? 350 ?? 700 ?? ????????????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? R4 ? ?????? ??????? ? ??????? ????? ??. ????? ??? ?????, ????? ?? ????????? ?????????? 500 ?? ?? ????? USB ? ?????? ? ??? ????????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????, ???? ?????? ????????? ? ???????? ????????. ? ??????? DA2 ?? ?????? ? ???, ??? ??????????? ?????????? ? ????????? ??????, ? ???????? R5R6C3 ????????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ??? (??????? ?? ???? ?? ???- ??????? ?????? ??) . ????? CHRG ?? DA1 ????????? ?? ?????????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?????????: ????? ?????? ???, ?? ??? ????, ? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ???????, ????? ????????????? ? ????, ? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ????????? ????????????? ? ???????? ???????? ???? ??? ???????? ? ????????? ??????. ?? ????? DA1 ?????? ????????????? ???????????? LTC4054-4,2 ???????? ?? ???? ?? ST — STC4054. ????????????? ?? ????????????? ????????? LTC4054 ? ????????????: ??? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????, ???? ???????? ?? ????, ?????? ???, ??? ??????????? ? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????. ?????? ??-?? ? ????? ????????? ?? ????????????? «????????» ??4056: ???????? ????? ?? ???- ????????? ? ??????? ??? ??????????, ? ? ?????? ?? ?????????? ???, ?? ??????? ?????????? 4,2 ?— ???? ?? ?? ?????, ?? ???????? ?????? ???????????... ? ?????, ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ? ???? — ?? ??- ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????, ??????? ? ?????-?? ?????. ? ????: ? ??? ? ????? ??????? ????????? ???????, ? ???????????? ???????? ??? ??????, ? ?????- ????? ????? SO-8 ? ??????? — ????? ?????, ??? ????? ?????? SOT-23-5. ???? VT1VD1R7 ????????? ???????? ?? ???????????? ? ??????????? ?? ?? ????- ??? ??????????, ?????? ??? ?? ????? USB ??? ????????? ?? ????? ?? DA1 ???- ?????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ? ????????????? ??? ?????????. ?????? ???? ??????????????? ??? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????. ?????- ???????? ???????, ????? DA3 ???????? ?????????? ???????????? ?? 5 ?, ?? ??? ? ????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????????? ??? ????????? 28 ? ??? ?????????, ???????????? — ?????????? ?????. ?? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ???????????, ??- ?????? ???? ?? ????? POWER_ON. ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????????? DA6. ??? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????????? ?? DA5. ?????? ????? ?????????????? ??????? DC-DC ??????????????? LM2731. ???????- ?????? ?????????????? ???????????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ? ???? ????? ??- ??????? ??3608, ?? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ???????- ??? 28-29 ? (??????????, ?? ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????- ??? ? ??? 28 ?, ??? ??? ?? ???????????) . ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ? ????, ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? (R12R13) ???????? ?????????? ???????????? ?? 50-60 ?, ??????? ??????????? ?20, ??? ?????? ????- ??? ???? (?????????? ??? ????? ???????!). ? ??? ????????? ????????? R11 ????- FB (????? ???? ???? 3 DA5) ? ??????????? ???????? (???? ???????? ?????? ???- ???????) . ? ????? ? ???? ??????????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???- ???????. ?????? ?????- ?????????? ????????? ? ???????????? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????????????. ??????????????? ?????? ?????- ??? ???????, ?????????? ?? ????? ? ????????? ???????? ?? ?????. ?????? DA3, ??? ???????? ????????, ????? ? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ???- ???????, ??????????? DA6 (??????????????, ?? ????? ???????? ? ????, ? ????? ????? ??? ????????? R9 ? R10) . ??? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???????????. ??- ? ?? 3,0, ??? ???????????? DA4 ????? ?????????? ?? ?? 3,3?, ????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ????????????????? ?? ???? ????????? ??????? ????????????.
<? ? ?? ? ? \"? \"? ? ?? : ?> ?\\ ? ? 2?? ?| N ^1 \"? ? ? HDD|1?|? 00 \"^ \"? £ 7? ?7? X _d N XX 00 rvj ?9| ?- V<-?1?» \"? \"D \"? \"? \"D \"? ?8 ?? ?? (? (? <? XX ? >> > >> 1?> ? ?^ I-1 ?-1 ?? ? ?-\"1 ^ ?? \" -5 -? ? ? ? ? << < <<< 5°r£— ? ? \"? \"? >> ?8 1? 10 {? >? D? 222 §00?0???0?0???0??^?1—'i-1 ? ?) <? (? (? OJ ISJ h-1 ??? ?-* ISJ W ??1 00 ?- ??* oo<o<noo LH -fc* 0d NJ \"-1 ? isj Analog board .. m P5 no -U OJ ISJ i-1 TransfHash a h 7>0 DISPLAY holder SWD TF-HOLDER
??????????????? DA7 ???????? ??? ?????, ? ??? ????? ? ? ??????????? ?????- ?? , ??????????? ?? ??????????? 3,3 ?. ?? ???????? ???? ?? ?????????? ????? ????????? ???????? ???, ??? ??? ??????????? ?????? ????? ?? ????????? ??????- ????? ???????? 2,3 ??. ? ?????????, STM32L151 ?? ????? ?????????? ????? ??? ??????? RTC, ??-?? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? (???? ???????? ?? ??- ??????? ??????????). ????????? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ????????? ?? ??????? ????. ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? STM32L151CBT6A (? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????- ?? ? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??? — 32 ??) . ????????????? ????????? ????? ??? 48 ??? ???????. ??????????? ????? ??9 ? ???, ??? ?? RxD ? TxD ??????? USART? ?, ?? ?????? ?????? ? ? ??? ?????? ?????????? ????????, ? ??????? ????? ? ??????? ??????????. ?? ???????????? ????? — ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????- ????? ????????? ?????? CHRG DA1 ? ?????????? ???????? ?? ??14, ????? ????? ??????????, ?????????? ?? ??????????? ??? ??? ?????????, ?? ?????????? ???- ???????? ??????? ????? ???????? DD2. ?? ????? ???????? ??? ??????: ????? ?? ??????????? ? ????? STANDBY, ???? ????? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ? ???- ????, ??? ???????? ? ????????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ? ???? ??????- ???. ????? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ? ????? ????? ???????? ?? 100 ??????. ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???????? ????????? ???????????, ???????? ZQ1. ?? ???????????? 12 ?? ???????? ???????? ???? ? ??????????? ????????? ???? ?? ??- ???, ???????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ? ??????????? ???????? 7 ??. ? ZQ2 ?? ????? ??????, ?? ? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ???????. ? ?????????, ??????? STM32Lxx (?????? ???) ? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????????????. ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? — ????? ????? ?????- ???? ???????? ??????????? R17-R21 ? ??????? ? ??????????? ? ????? ????????. ?? ????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? RC- ???????. ??? ??????? ?? ?????? On ? ??????? ????????? DD3 ?????????????? ???- ??? ???????? ??????, ?????????? ?? ???? WKUP ? ???????????? ??, ???? ?? ????- ????? ? ????????? STANDBY. ??? ?????????????? ?????????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????????? ??????? R22C23. ????? ?????????? ????????? ? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????, ??? ????????? ????????? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????. MicroSD ???????? ?????????? ? SPI ?????? ?? ??????????? ? ?????? ?? ???- ???????? SDIO. USB-???? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ??? ????????? ? ?????? DP ? DM. ?? STM32 ???? ?? ???? ?????????? «???????» ? ????? ???????, ? ???? ??????? ???????????? (???????? ???????????? ??? ???????? ?? SWD) ? ??- ???????? ???????????? ?? ?????, ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????????- ????? ????? ?? ??????. ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ? ?? ????? ??????? ????????????. ??? ??- ????? ? ???????? L6 ? ??????????????? ??????? ???????? ?? 100 ??, ??? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ?? VDDA. ??????? ??? ????? ????????? ?? 1 ???, ??????? ??????????? ? ??? (?? ?? ?? ????????) ??? ??????????? ?? 0,01 ???. ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????? 3,3 ?, ?????????????? ??????? ??? ??. ????????? ????????? ??????? ?????????. ????? ??????? ?? ? ????????????? ????????? ?? ????????? ????? POWER_ON (???? ??15), ???????? ??- ??????? ?????? 5 ? ? ??????? ?? ?????????? ????? ? ???????? ???????? ???????- ???. ??? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? DISP_ON (PA8), ?????- ????? ??? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????? ????? GPS_EN (??1) , ?? ? ??????? ?? ???????, ???????????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ???? ???, ???????????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ????????? (?? ?????? ????). ??????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ? ???? ???????. ??????? ???????? (TRIG) ?? ??????????? ????? ????????? ?? ????? PB0, ????- ??? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ??????. ????????, ??????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ??????- ??????? (SP), ????????? ?? 21-? ????? ???. ???????????? «?????» ?????
??, ? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????, ?????????? ????? 10 ??? ?? ???, ??? ????????? ??????? ????????? ?????????????? ??? ????? ????, «?????????» ? ?????? ? ??????????. ???????? R34 ??????? «????». ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ?????? 64x80 ??, ?????????? ?? ????????? ??????????? ?????????? ? ????????????? ??????????? 0603. ??????????? ????????? ?????????- ?? ?? ????? ???????, ????? ???? ????????????? ? ??????? ??????? ?? ? ???? ??- ????????, ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????????? ??? ??? ?????????. ??????? ??? ?? ???????? ????? ???????? 64x22 ?? ? ??????????? ????????????- ?? ???????. ???????? ??????? ??????????: 1 — ?????????? ??????, 2— ??????- ????, 3 — ????????, 4— ?????????? ?????, 6— ????????? ?????.
SiPM solid state sensor m Mode A i 0KJ (?* ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?????, ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ? ???, ??? ????? TRIG - ??? ????? ???????????????? ????? ??????????? ? ?????- ??? ???????????? ?????? ??????. ??-?? ??? ??? ??????????? (????????, ? ?????- ???????) ??????? ???????????????? ??????????? ??? ????? ????????????. ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ????????????? ???? ???????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? TRIG ? ???? ???????????????? «?????». ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ????????? ? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ?????, ? ??????? ????? TRIG ? SP ????????? ????????????, ????????, ? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????, ??????????? ?? ????? ??????. ?????????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????, ???? ??????? ??? ??????. ? ?????- ????????? ???????? ?? ????? ????????????? ???????? R8 ? ?9, ??? ??? ????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ??????????, ?? ????????? ????????? ?? ?????? SP ???? ????????? ? ?? ???????? ?? ????????? ????????? ?? ?????. ???????? ???? ???- ?????? ????????? ????????. ???? ?????????? ????? ??????? ????????????, ?????? ? ???? ???? — ????????- ????? ????? TRIG ? ???????????? ?????????? ????? ??????????????? ?????. ??- ? ??????????????. ???????? ? ?????????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????????? R5 ????? ????????? ?? ????????? ??????????? ?????????, ???????? ??????????
? ?????????? ????????-241 ??? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ???????? ??? Si-??? ??? ???????????? ??????? ???????????. ?????????? ????? ????? ????????? ? ? ???????????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????, ???????? ? ?????? ???????? ?????????, ? ?????? ????????? ? ????? ???- ????? ????? ??? 150 ?. ????????????? ???????? ???? ? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ? ??????? ?? ????????????. ????????? ????? ????????? ???????? ? ?????????? ???????. ??? ?????? ??????- ?? ???????? 3,3 ? ? ????????? ? ??? ?????????????????. ????? — ???????? 5? (?? ????? ????????? POWER_ON ???????? ? ????? +3,??), ? ????? — ???????????- ?????????? ?? ????? ???. ????? ?????? ?????????? R13 ? ??????? ????????? ? ?? ????????? ?20 ?? ????????? ??????????. ????????? ?? ?????????????? ????????? ?????????? 28 ?. ????????? ? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ??????????, ??????- ????? ?????????? ?? ???????????? ? ???????? ???????. ????? ???????? ??????- ??????????? ? ??????????? ?????????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ? ??? ??????, ? ???? ???????????. ??? ???????? ?? ????????????? ???????? ? ??????? ? ???? ?????-?????? Blink. He ???????? ??????? ? ???????.
??????? ?????-??????????? ???? ?? ????? - ? ?????? ?? ????????! ?. ????????. ? ???? ?????? ? ???????? ??? ??? ? ???????? ???????? ? ?????????? ????????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ????????? ?????-???????????. ?????? ????? ????????????? ?????????? ?? ??????????? ???????????????? ???????????????? ??- ??????? ???? ???????????? ????????? ?????, ?? ? ???????, ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?????????? ? ??????????, ??? ??????????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ????? ????????? ? ???????. ??????? ??? ????? ??????, ??? ????? ???? ?? ??- ??????? ????????????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ? ?????????? ???????????????? ??- ????????. ????????? ? ??????????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????????????. ??????? ??????. ??? ????????? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ? ?????? ???????? — ???????- ?????? — ????????? ???????? (??? ???????, ?????? ????????????) ??????? ?????. ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ? ????? ????????? (??????? ?????????) ???????. ??????? ???????? — ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????????? ??????, ??????? ?? ???? ?????????????. ???????? ???????? ????? ?????????????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????????? ????? ????- ???? ?????????? ? ???????????? ??????? ? ????????????? ????????????? ??????- ??? , ??????????? ? ????????????. ? ?????? ????????. ????? ?????? ???????????, ??? ??? ??????????? - ??? ???????????????? ???-
?????. ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ???????, «???????» ??? ebay.com. ??? ?????? ???????? — ??? ?? ??????, ??? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????- ??, ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????????? ????????, ? ??? ??????? ???- ???? ?????????? ??? ??? ???????????. ? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ??????, ??????????????? ???????, ????????? 30 ? ??????? 40 ??. / / fcs ??? ???????? ???????????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????????, ??? ??????, ?????????? ? ??????- ??????, ????- ??. ???? ? ????????? ???? ??????? — ????? ???? ? ??? ???????? — ?????????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ?????. ??? ??? ????? ? ????????? ??????, ??? ???????????? ????????. ?????? ????????? ????? ????????? ??? (?????????????????? ????????). ?? ???? ???? — ??????? ????????. ? ??, ??? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ? ????????? ?????, ?????????????? ?????- ??. ??? ??????????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????????, ?????????? ??? ?? ?????? ? ?????? ????????? ???????????. ???? ?? ?????? ? ?????????? ????? ??- ??? — ????? ??????? ? ?????? ???????? ??????, ????? ?????. ????? ??? ??????- ????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ???? ? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ? ????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ? ???????? ?????????. ? ???? ??????? ???-85 ? ????????? ?????????? 25 ??. ??? ??????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ??????????. ? ??????????? ??- ???????????? ???-??????????????? ?? ??????? ???????????? ?????????? TL494. ????????????? ??????????????? ? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ?????????? ?? ????????????? ????? ???????, ????????? ?????????? ? ??????? 0.5??. ??? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ????????????? ??? ???? ???????? ????? 10-15 ? ??- ????? ????, ????? ???? ???????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ??????- ????. ????????? ??????? ???????? 10 ?????? ??????? ????????? 0.6—0.8??, ???- ?????? — 300 ?????? ??????? ????????? 0.15 — 0.25 ??. ????????? ??????? ???- ???? ?????? ????? ?????????, ????? ? ?????, ??????????? ??????? ???????? ???- ?? ?????? ? ??????? ?????????. ??? ???????? ????????????? ?? ??????? ???????- ????? ? ???, ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ?? 2500 ?????. ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ? ?????????????? ?????- ??????, ????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??????? ?????????????? ? ???????????? ??- ???????? ?????? ????????????? ??, ??. ???????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????- ?????? ???????????? ?????????? R7. ??? ????????? ?? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ????????? ????????????? 500 ????? ????????? ??- ???????? . ????? ?????? ?????????? ????????????? ????????? R7 ? ??????????? ?????????. ??? ?????????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ????? ? ???????????? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ? ?????? ??????? ?????????. ??? ???????? ?????????? 1 ?? ???????????? ??? ?????????? ?? ????? 50 ??.
??? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????????? ??????? ????- ??????? ????????. ??? ?????? ? ???-85 ???????? ???????? ?? ?????, ??? ??????- ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ??????????, ?? ?? ?????????????. ???- ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ???????????. ?????? ? ????? ??? ????????? ?? ???????????????? ?????????, ??????????? ?? ???????????? ????????? U2. RC-??????? ? ??? ???????? ????? ???????????? ????- ????? ???????????? ????????? ? ???, ????? ??? ????? ?????????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????????. ?????????? ? ???? ???????? ??????????????? ????- ??, ?????????? ?? ????????? ???? ????????????? ????????? ? ????? ???. ???-?? ??? ? ??????????, ??? ???? ????? ?????????????? ????? ???????, ????????? ?? ????????? ???, ? ??? ? ???? ??????? ??????????????? ??????? ??????????? ????- ?????????? ???????. ????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ??? ??? ? ????????????. ??- ?????? ???? ????????????? ???? ??????? ? ???????? ???? ???, ?????????????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????????? ??? ????????? ??????????? ????????. ???????- ????? ?? ?????: ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????????? ???????????????? ??? ? ???????? ???????????. ????? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????-???. ????, ????????. ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????????? ????????? U2. ?????? ???????? ????????? ??????????, ???? ?? ???????? ????????. ?? ????? ?????, ??- ???????? ? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????????????? ???? ? ??????? ????????? ? ??? ????????? 30x40 ?? ? 0.1 ???'? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ? ???????. ??? ???? ????????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????????? ???. ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? 99% ????????? ?? ???????? ??????????? ?? ????????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????????. ??? ???????:
???? ?????? ??????? ? ??????? ????????? ?????????. ? ??????????? ????????? goldwave1, ????? ???????????? ?????. ????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ? ??????????, ??????? ??????????? ???????. ??? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????????? ? ????- ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ? ???. ??? ????????? ????????? ? ?????????? ????????? ????????? PRA2 ? ?????????. ????????? ?????????? ? ?? ??????? ?????????. ????????? ?? ?????????? ?????- ???, ???? ?? ??? ?????????, ??? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ?????????? ?????. ????- ???? ?? View->Settings ? ????????????? ????????? ?????????: (setings t -*J Pulse recognition Height threshold/(arb u) W Shape tolerance method 1 Left channel I0- Lett channel |0 2 1 Right channel Right channel Data acquisition limits time/(s) 110000000 Number of pulses 1 86400 Acquisition Analysed data selection Time selection Channel selection 0 Beginning/(s) | Left ^J 86400 Duration/Is) Counting rate vs Time ?\" Show in logarithmic scale 11 Time step/Is) Counting rate histogram ?\" Show in logarithmic scale Bmsize/ll/s) 1 10 Interval histogram 0 0208 Bin size/lms) ?\" Show in logarithmic scale 1 S-fold Pulse width histogram 0 0208 Bin size/(ms) ?\" Show in logarithmic scale Pulse height histogram 01 Bin size/(arb.u) ?\" Show in logarithmic scale \"~ calibration Left channel Use energy +|5 Energy/(keV) = Height/'larb |158 Right channel - 'O u) x |1 Apply 1 Save Save as Load ????? ???????? Action -> Start pulse shape acquisition ? ???? ????????? ??- ????. ?????????. ????????? ????????? ????????????? ?? ????? ?????????, ?????? ? ?????? ???????, ??????? ?????????????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ??- ?????????? ? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????. ????????????? ??????? ftp://homelab.homelinuxserver.org/pub/arhiv/2020-01-a2.rar ???? ? ??????.
????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?? Action -> Stop data acquisition. ?????? ???? ????????? ??????? ?????????, ????? ?? Action -> Start data acquisition ? ??????? ???? ???????????? ??????? View -> Pulse hight histogram ?? ?????? ??- ????????? ?????? ?????????, ?????????? ? ?????????. ?????? ?????-???????????? ?????????, ????????? ??????????? ???????? ?? ???- ???? ?????-137. ?? ???? ??? ???????????? ?????-?????: 32 ??? ? 662 ???. ??? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? - ???????? ???????? ? ??- ??????? ?? ?????? Csl37. ????????, ???????? ????????? Raytheon CK1097-7, ??- ???????? ?????? ????????? ??? ???????????? ??? ? ???????? ????????? ?????- 137. ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?????, ????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ??? ???????? ? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????-???? ??????????? ???????. Spark Gap Tube Raytheon CK1097-7 (Csl37). ?????? ????????? ???????? ? ?????? ?????????, ???????? Action -> start data ???????? acquisition. ???? ???? ????????? ????????? ????? ?????????, ? ????- ??? ????????? ? ???????? ????: ?? = ??? Hetght/'larb u| = 60 3 Frequency = 189 Rela»iveFreq/| %| 0= 158
?????? ??? ?? ??? ????????????? ??????? 32 ???, ????????? — 662 ???. calibration ? ?????????? ????????? PRA ?????? ??????? ?? use energy ?????? ? ???- ???, ? ?????? ???????????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? 32 — ?? 662. ?? ???????? ????? ??????? ????????? ???????? apply. Pulse height histogram I- Show in logarithmic scale Binsize/(arb.u) [Si 1^ Use energy calibration Left channel Energv/(keV) = Height/(arb.u] |15.8 + |-5 ? Right channel 1 Apply Save Save as Load ???? ????????? — ? ??? ??? ??? ????????? ????????????, ?????? ???? ?????- ???. InPulseHeight Histogr Bin = 37 Enetgy/fkeVl = 31 705 Frequency = 4527 RelahveFreq.'lM = 0 548 334 585 890 555 948 525 ?? ???????? ???????, ?? ????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????????????? ???- ?? ?????. ???????? ??? ????????? ??????? ??? ????????????? ????? ? ????????? ? ????????????? ????????????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????????? ????????????? ? ?????????. ? ??????????? ??????? ????????? PRA ?? ????? ????????????????. ????? — ?????? ????? (? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?????) ?????? ????? ????? ?????-???????????? ?????????????? ? ???-39. ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ??????? (?? 03/1983), ??? ???????? ? ??????? \"???????\". ? ???????? ????????? ????????????? ?????????????? ???, ??? ???? ??? ?????. . . ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????? (????? ?? ??????????????) ? ?????-???. ? ??- ???????? ????????? ????? - ?????????????? ???????? ????-?? ???, ??????????, ??? ??????????????? ?????/???? ?????????. ???? ? ????????? ?????, ??? ZnS ??-
???? ??? ?????????????? ????????? ? ??????? ?????i ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???- ???. ?????? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ?? ????????? ?????. ????, ??????, ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? \"???????\" ?????? 120-150 ?????- ?????? (?? ??????????? ????).
??? ???, ??? ????? ???????????? ZnS(??) ????????? ?? ?????? 1 ????????????, ????????, ??? ???-?? ??????? ? ????????? ?????????? ????? ?????????????. ? ????? ??????? ????????????? ????? ????????? ????????3. ?????? ??? ????? ??????????????? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ???????? ???????????? ?????????, ????- ?????? ?????????????? ? ????????? ???????????? ? ?????????????? ??? ??????- ??????????????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ? ????????? ?????????????. ??????? ? ??????????- ????????, ?? ??????????? ???? ??????? ???????????????? ???? ??????????. ????????????? ????? ????????? ? ????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??- ??. ????????, ??, ??? ??? ZnS, ??????? ? ????????? ? ???????? ???????? ????- ????? ??????????? ??????????, ??? ??? ?????????? ZnS ?????? ???? ??????????? ????????. ??????, ?? ?????????, ??? ? ???? ??? ?? ZnS, a CdS. ?????? ????? ??????, ? ??? ?? ????? ? ??????? ?? ???????? ? ?????????? ?????. ????? ??????? ? ????????? ?????????? Nal(T1) (????? ?????? ?????????????? ???????) ???? ?? ????????? ??????? ?????????????? ??????? ????????. ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ? ????????? ???????, ????? ???- ??? ???????, ??? ??????????? ?????????????/??????/?????? ???? ?????????????? ? 50 ???????? ?? ?????/?? ???/?????? ?? ????????... ??? \"????? - ??? ?????, - ??? 50 ????????\". ??????????? ???? ?????, ? ?????? ? ??????, ??? ???? ?? ?????????????? ???????????? ????????????? ?????? ? ??????? ?????????????? ???????????, ? ?????? ?????????????? ??? ? ???????????? ?????? (??????? ??????? ?????), ?? ??? ???????? ??????????? ????? ?????????. ???? ?? ????????? ?? ?? ?????????, ?? ?? ?????-??????? ? ??????? ?????? ??????? (???? ?????????????? ?? ??). 3 ?.?. \"???????? ? ?????? ??????????????\" ?.1 ? 2. (2013, 2014). ???????? ??????? ?.?., ?.?. ???????? ? ????????????? ????????????. 4.II ????????? (2010). 4 ???????? ????????.
?????? ??? ?????? ? ?????? - ??? ?????? ? (?????????????) ??? ????????????? ???? ???????????? ?????? ???????????? ? ?????????????. ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????????. ?????? ????????? ???? ??????????- ?????? ???????????? ???????, ??????? ??????????????? ???????????? ?? ???? ??- ????? ?????????? CaS, BaS, SrS ???????????? ??????? ?????... ? ?? ????? ...?????????? ?????????? (??, ??, ?±). ? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???? ???- ???? ??????? ???????? ? ?????? ???????? (??????? ???????? ? ?????? ?????????? ???????????????? ??????) ? ????? ?? ??????? ? ?????????? 10 ????? ???????, ? ? ??? ??? ????????? ?????????? ?????. ??? ????? ?????????, ??? ?????????????? \"?????? ????\" ?????????? ? ??????? ???????????????????? (???? - ? ?????? ??????????? ??????????) ? ???????? ??- ??????, ??????????? ????????? ? ???? ????????????? ???????????????? ????????? (?????????) ? ????????????? ????? ????? ????? ? ???? ??????? ??????? ? ?????. ??? ??????, ???? ? ????? ?? ??????????? ???? ????????. ???, ???????? ??????? ??????, \"????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ??????????? ??????? ???????, ?????\", ? ??????? ??????? + ????????? ? ????? ???? ?????? ?? 7-10%, ??????? ?????????? ???? ????????? ???????????? ?? ??????, ? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???? ??????. ??????????? ?? ?????????? ??????????????? \"??????? ?????\", ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ?????-517 ???????? ??????? ????? ? ??????????- ? ??????? ? ???????? ??????????? ??? . ?? ??????? ???? ? ??? ????????? ?????- ???????? . ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ???????, ??? ? ? ????. ???, ? ????? ???????? ???????????, ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ????? ?????????????, ??? ??? ??? ?????????? ????? ??? ?????????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?????. ? ??? ?? ????? ?... ?????????, ??????? ?????????, ? ???????? ????? ??- ?????? ????????????? 25-30 ?????. ?????? ???????????? ? ???? ?????????? ??- ???????? ???????????, ?? ?????? ???????? ???????????. ??????? ? ???? ???????- ??? ?????? ?? ?????????.
????? ???????? ???????? - ??? ???. ?????????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ? ?????????? ??????? (?? ????? ???????? ??? ?????????) - ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?????- ?? ? ?????, ? ???? ?? ???????? ? ???????????????????? ?????????. ?????? ???? ????????? ???????? ????? ? ?? ? ?????? ?????????? ????????? (11 ??) ??????? ? ????? ???? ? ????? ?????????. ??????? ?????????????, ? ???????, ??????????? ?? ????, ?? ??????????, ?????????? ?? ?????? ????/15/7. ?????? ?????????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????. ????? ????????? ????? ?? ?????????? ??????? 5 ?? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? - ??????. ????? ???? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????, ? ???? ??????? ???? ????????? ????????? ?????????? 2,5 ??, ??? ????????? ?????-
???? ???????????. ?? ??????????? 1,6 ?? ???? ????????. ?????? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ????? ?? 150 ?? ?? 35 ??. ????????? ?? ?????, ?????? ?? ??????, ?? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ?????, ??? ??? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?????. ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ? ??????????? ??? (?????????????? ????????????). ????????? ??? ????????? ? ???? PRA, Theremino ? BenqMoni. ? ????? ??????????? ?? BenqMoni. ????????? ????????? ????? ???????????, ??????? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ??? ???? ?? WinLab. ????? ????? ??? ??????5 ???????? ???????, ???????? ??????????? - ?????????- ??? Nal ?????????????? ?1, ?????????? 30x40 ?? (???28). ???????????? ? ????? ????????? ? ??????????????? ????? ??????? 50 ?? + ???- ???????? ?? 50 ?? + ???????? 50 ??, ????? ??? ????? ????????????? ???? ????- ??? ??????????? ???????. ???-39 ?????? ???????? ??????? ? 50 ?? ?????. ????- ?? , ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????????. ???, ????????????, ???????? ? ???????????????????? ?????????. 5 ?????? ??????? ?????? ???+???????????? ?? Bicron (95-99 ????????) ? ??????- ????? ???????. ???? ?? ? ????????? ?????????
????? ????????? ????????????? ?????????, ??? ??? ?????????? ?????? ??????? 1?/??). ?????????? ?????????? ? 0,9 ?? (???????? ???????? ? USB ???????? ????????? ? ?????? ???? ???????, ???????? ???, ?????, ????- ??? ... ?? ? ???: Channel 140 EnergyfkeV] 610.13 Gross Counts 533.00 Selected Region Channel 273-274 Energy [keV] 1913 20- 1930.72 Gross Counts 0.00 0.00 Background Counts Net Counts 0,00 Net ? PS 0.0000 ??????? Cs-134/137 - ??? ?????????, ??????? ??, ???????????? ??????? ???????? ? ???????? ???????? 68-72 ???????? ? ???????, ?? ????????- ??? ??? 60 ????? ??????????. ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ? ????? ?????- ???? ??????? ?? ????? ? ?????? ??? ???-???? ?????. ??? ??? ???? ??????-?????? ?? ?????? ???????? - ??-?? ??? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ???????. ????? ? ???, ??????, ??? ?????????? ? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????, ???????????? ????? ????, ?????? ???. ????? (??? + ???????????? ???????? + ????????????) ? ??????????. ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ???????????????? ??????? - ?????????? WT-20: ???????????? ????????? [15 [30 [45 [6D |75 [90 |105 |120 |135 |150 [165 |180 [195 [210 [225 |240 0 [315 [330 [345 [380 [375|390[SoF
??? ?? ?????? ? ??????????? (?? ??? X ??????? ? ???): ? lonj-eieKrro-ui.b x [_ _10l , { iurkr ?????? ??226-- | , :,rfr ??2'?-3 I, Cs137 | ^ ??|2*00 l250^psS| jj Scale J • x-Avis: ^e'/ ???-?? ????? ?????????, ?? ????????? ????? ?????? - ?? ?????.
?????????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ????? ? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????, ?????? ??? ???????? ? ????- ??, ??? ???????? ???????, ?????????????, ??????????? ????????? ? ?????? ????- ??? ? ?????????? ??????????. ?????? ??? ?????????, \"???????\" ??????? ????? ??????? ????? — ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????. ? ??????????? ????????? ?????????????? ? ????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ???- rays with a ????? ?? ??? \"Capturing cosmic digital camera\"1. ? ?????????? ??????? ??????, ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????. ??????????? ???? — ??? ?????????????????? ???????, ??????? ? ???????????? ?? ?????????, ????? ??????????? ???????? ?????. ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? 1900?, ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ????????????? ?????????, ????????????? ?? ??????? ???????. ??????? ????????? ????????? ??????, ??? ??? ????????? ???? ????? ??- ??????????? ??????. ??? ???? ?????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ? ??? ?????. ??? ???????? ????????????, ??????????? ????????? ?????????????? ?? ??????- ??? ? ?????????. ????????? — ??? ??????? ? ??????? ????????? ???????, ???? ????????, ?????, ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????. ????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? 100-??????? ????? ? ??- 3 1020 ??, ??? ???? ?????????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????. ??????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????????, ???????? ? ?????????? ???????, ????????????? ????? ? ?????? ?????. ???????? ????????? ?????, ??????? ???????????? ? ??????? ? ?????????? ???????, ???????? ??????- 1 http://www.cloudynights.com/page/articles/cat/articles/capturing-cosmic-rays-with- a-digital-camera-r3046
??? ?????????. ? ??????????? ????? ??? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ?? ???- ???, ?????? ??????? ?? ?????????, ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????. ?? ??- ????????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ??????? ?????? 4 ???, ??? ????????? ?? ?? ??????? ?? 700 ?. ????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ?????????? ???????? 1 ??????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ? ?????? (???????? ??? ?????, ????? ????????? ?????- ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????). ?? ?????????? ?????????, ?? ??????- ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???? 3% ??????. ??? ??? ??, ?????????? ??????? ???????????? ??, ??? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ???????? ???? ????????? ???????, ??????????? ????????????? ? CMOS/CCD-?????????. ? ???? ?? ?????? ? ?????????. ? ???????? ?????????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??, ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ? ??????, ?? ???? ????? ? ????. ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ??- ???? ?? ????, ?????????????? ?????? ??????? ????????. ?????? N1 — ????????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????. ?????? ? ???????? ???????? ?????, ? ???????????? ?????? ????????. ????????, ??? ??? ?????? ???- ???? ???????, ??? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ????????. ? ??????????????? ?????? ????????????? ???????? 1-3 ??????. ? ???? ??????, ??????? ?????? Basler ???, ???????????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ????? 1 ?, ??? ???? ??- ?????? (??????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???????), ???????????? ????? ?????? ?????? — ???????? ???????????? ?????? ??????. ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? ????????? ? ?????????????? Pylon SDK, ??- ????? ?????????? ?????? ????, ??? ?????? ????? ????????? ????? ????? ???-?? ???????????. ISO ? ???????? ????? ????????? ???, ????? ? ????? ???????, ???? ??? ?????????? ??????, ? ?????? ???????, ????? ???????????????? ???? ?????- ?????? ?????????. ? ???? ?????? ????????? ???????? 4 ????, ???? ???????? 7200 ??????, ?????? ? ????????? 1 ?. ????????, ??? ???????????? ????? ?????? ???? ? ???? ??????, ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ? ???????? ??????? ?????????, ???????? ?????.
????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????????????? ????????? ???????????. ???? ???????? ????????? ?? Python, ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????????? ?????????- ??? ???????. ?????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ? ???? CSV-?????, ??? ??- ????? ???- ?????? ????? ????????? ??????. ????? ???????, ???? ?? ????? ????? ??, ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?????????. from future import print_function import time, datetime import os, datetime from PIL import Image # Get all files in a folder and subfolders def getMediaFilesList(folder): file_paths = [] for root, directories, files in os.walk(folder): for filename in files: if \"-jpg\" in filename.lower() or \".png\" in filename.lower() or \".tif\" in filename.lower(): # Save full file path filepath = os.path.join(root, filename) file_paths.append(filepath) return file_paths # Analyze content of the image files def analyzeFiles(filesList, threshold): for index,path in enumerate(filesList): start_time = datetime . datetime (). now Lf) photo = Image.open(path) .convert(f - start_time).total_seconds() b = max(set(photo.getdata())) dt = (datetime.datetime.now() if b > threshold: print (\"{},{}, U,U; !!!\" .format (index, b, path, dt) ) dt)) else: print(\"{},{),{>?U;\".format(index, b, path, photos_folder = \"/Users/XXX/BaslerCam2/\" filesList = getMediaFilesList(photos_folder) threshold = 130
print(\"Analyzing {} files:\".format(len(filesList))) analyzeFiles(filesList, threshold) print(\"Done\") ? ?????????? ?????????? ????? CSV-?????, ???????? ?????? ????: index;MaxL;name; 0,80,capture-00000.tif; 1,81,capture-00001.tif; 2,80,capture-00002.tif; 3,81,capture-00003.tif; ???? ????? ????????? ? ??????? ????????, ? Excel, ????? ????????? ??????. ????????? ???????? ????????. ???? ??????? ?????????????? ????????? ?? ??- ??????? ???????, ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????-?? ?? ????. ???????, ???????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? — ????? ????????? ????????????? ?? ????????? ? ??? ????????, ??????? ??????? ?????? ? ?????. ?????? ??????, ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ???-?? ?????????. ??? ?????????? ???? ??????? cvs ? ???? ??????? ? ??????? ?????????. ?? ??????????? ????? ?????, ?? ????????? ??????? ? RGB. ?????????, ??? ?????? ????????? ???? ???????. 180 160 140 120 100 i V 80* ????? ????? ???? ???????, ??????? ???? ?????????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????. ? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????????? ???? ??-?? ??????? ??????. ??? ????? ??????, ????? ????????????? ????????. ????? ??? Android ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ??????????. ????????????, ????? ??????? ? ?????????, ????? ? ??????? ????? ?????????? ? ???? ?????? ? ??????? ffmpeg. ??? ??????? 2? ?????????? ?????, ??????? ???????????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ?????, ??? ???????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????. ? ???????, ?? ????? ????????? ??? ????, ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????- ???? ??????? ?????????? ??????, ?????????? ????????, ??????????? ????? ???- ???? 700? ?????? ???????????. ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??????, ???????? ?????? ??- ????. ???????, ???? ?????? (? ???????? ??????????????????), ??? ?????? ?????- ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ????????, ??-?? ???????? ? ????????? ???- ?????. ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???????, ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??????. ????? ?????????, ??? ???????? ??????????? ???????. ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???
????? ????? ?????, ??????? ?????. ????????? ??????? ????? - ??? ???? ???????. ???? (?? ????????? ????? ?, ?????????????? ??? ???????????) ? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? — ???????????? ???????????? ??????? ? ????- ????????? ????????????? ??????? ? ?????? ?. ????? ????? ? 207 ??? ?????? ???- ?? ?????????; ?? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ????????????? ??? ??????????? ????- ??? ????????. ?? ????? ????? ?????????????? ? ??????????? ?????, ??? ????????? ? ??????- ???? ??????? ?????????? ??????. ????? ????????? ? ??????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????? ? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? — ??- ??????? ??????????. ????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ???? — 2,2 ????????????, ?????????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ? ?????? ?? ?? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ???????. ?????? ????? ??????????? ????? ????? ????????, ??????? ? ???????? ?????, ??? ??? ??-?? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????????? ?? ????? ?????????? ? ??????????? ?????. ????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ? 1936 ????, ?? ????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????. ?? ????????? ???????, ??????? ??? ??????????? ?????????? ???? ??????????? ? ??????? ???????, ??? ?????????, ?? ????? ?????, ??? ?????- ??. ???? ??????? ?????????????, ??? ?? ????????????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????????, ? ??? ?????????? ???????? ? ?????????? ???? ??????????, ????? ??? ??????? ????? ????????????? ????? (??????? ???-?? ????? ?????? ????????? ? ?????? ???????). ? 1965 ???? ???? ???????? ????????? ???????????? ?????, ??????????? ? ???- ??? ????????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ??????????? ?????, ??? ????????????? ?????. ??????? ? ????? ?????? ?? ???????????? ???? ???????? — ???????????? ???? ??????????? ? ???, ??? ? ??? ???????????, ??? ??????? ???????, ?????? ????????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????, ????????? ?????? ? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ??????, ??? ????????????? ?????, ?? ??????? ??????? ????????. ? 1967 ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?????. ??????? ??- ???????? ?? ???????. ? ????? ??????? ??????? (2017), ??????????? ?? ??? ???- ??????, ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????????????? ???? ???????????, ??????? ????- ???? ???????? ?????? ????????? 30-???????? ???????. ????? ?????? ???????????- ?????? ?? ?? ?? 405— 0 ???? ???? «?????? ??????», ????? ??? ???????? ? ??????? ????????. ???? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ? ?????? XXI ???? ? ????? ? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???????????. ?????????????? ??????, ????????? ????? ????,
????????? ?????????? ??????? ? ??? ??????? ?????????, ? ??? ?????, ??????, ????????. ????? ? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ????? ? ????? ???- ??????, ???????, ????????? ????????????? ????????? (????????? ??????) ?????? ? ????? ???????????? ? ????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ? ???, ????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????????? ?????????. ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????????. ?????? ?? ??? ?????????? ???? ?????? ? ???-?????????? ???????????? ??????????? ? 2003 ???? ??? ??????- ?????? ?????????? ???????. ? 2012 ???? ???? ????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ? ????????? ???????? ?? ????????? ????????. ????? ????????, ??? ???- ????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????????? ?????????? ? ??????????? ??????- ??????? ???????????. ? 2015 ???? ???? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ?????????????? ???????? ? ????????????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??- ???? , ????????? ???????? ? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????.
?????????? THE GRAND DESIGN Stephen Hawking, Leonard Mlodinow (???????????) Alternative ?????????????? histories ??????? In 1999 A team of physicists in Aus- ? 1999 ?. ??????? ??????? ? ??????? tria fired a series of soccer-ball- ????????? ????? ????????????, ??? shaped molecules toward a barrier. ?????????? ????, ??????? ? ????????- ??? ????????, ?????? Those molecules, each made of sixty ??? ??????. ?? carbon atoms, 60 ?????? ???????? are sometimes called ?????????? ????????, ?????? buckyballs because the architect - ???? ?????, ?????? ??? Buckminster Fuller built buildings of ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? Fullerfs The that shape. geodesic domes ?????? ?????? ????? ?????. ?????????- were probably the ball-shaped largest soccer- ???? ?????? ??????? ????, ????????, objects in existence. ?????? ???????? ????????????? ?????- buckyballs were the smallest. The ???? ????? ??????????? ????. ? ????- which barrier toward the scientists ???? - ?????? ??????????. ?????, ? took their aim had, in effect, two ??????????? ???????? ??????????? ???- slits through which the buckyballs ???, ?????????? ???? ???? ??? ?????- could pass. Beyond the wall, the ??, ?????? ??????? ???????? ? ????? physicists situated the equivalent of ?????????. ?? ??????, ?????? ???????- a screen to detect and count the ???? ??????????? ????? ??? ????????- emergent molecules. ??? ? ???????? ???????????? ???????.
Buckyballs. Buckyballs are like mi- ????????. ???????? ??? ????????????- croscopic of carbon ????????? soccer balls made ???? ?????????? ????, ?? atoms. ?????? ????????. If we were to set up an analogous ex- ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ????????- periment with real soccer balls, we ??? ???????????, ????????? ????????? would need a player with somewhat ?????????? ????, ??? ?? ??????????? shaky aim but with the ability to ????? ? ????????? \"?????? ????????\", launch the balls consistently at a ?? ????????? ????????? ????? ?? ???? speed of our choosing. We would posi- ????????, ? ???????? ?????????. ?? ?? tion this player before a Avail in ????????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????, which there are two gaps. On the far ? ??????? ???? ??? ?????????. ? ??- side of the wall, and parallel to it, ?????? ??????? ?????, ??????????? ??, we would place a very long net. Most ?? ?? ?????????? ??????? ???????? of the playerf s shots would hit the ?????. ??????????? ?????? ?????? ??- ???? wall and bounce back, but some would ?????? ?? ? ?????? ? ?????????, go through one gap or the other, and ?? ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? into the net. If the gaps were only ?????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ? ?? ? ????. slightly larger than the balls, two ?????? ???? ??????? ?????- ?????? highly collimated streams would ???? ? ????? ??? ???? ??????? emerge on the other side. If the gaps ????, ??? ????? ????? ???????????? were a bit wider than that, each ?????? ????????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ???- stream would fan out a little, as ???? . ???? ?? ????????? ???? ???? ??- ??, - shown in the figure below. ?????? ????? ?????????? ??????- ??? ??????, ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ????.
Two-Slit Soccer. A Soccer player ??????????? ??????. ?????, ?????????? balls slits in kicking at a wall ???? ? ????? ?? ??????, ???????? ?? would produce an obvious pattern. ????????? ?????????. Notice that if we closed off one of ???????, ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ????????? the gaps, the corresponding stream of ??????????????? ????? ????? ?????? balls would no longer get through, ???? ?????? ?? ???????, ?? ?? but this would have no effect on the ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? other stream. If we reopened the sec- ??????. ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ond gap, that would only increase the ??????????, ??? ?????? ???????? number of balls that land at any ?????????? ?????, ?????????????? ? given point on the other side, for we ????? ?????? ????? ? ?????? ???????, would then get all the balls that ??? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ????????- passed through the gap that had re- ??, ????????????? ????????, ???? ???? mained open, plus other balls coming ?? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ???????. from the newly opened gap. What we ??????? ???????, ??, ??? ?? ???????- observe with both gaps open, in other ??, ????? ??? ?????????? ???????, ??- words, is the sum of what we observe ?????? ?????? ????, ??? ?? ????????? with each gap in the wall separately ? ?????? ??????????? ? ?????, ?????- opened. That is the reality we are ??? ?? ???????????. ??? ??????????, ? accustomed to in everyday life. But ??????? ?? ???????? ? ???????????? thatfs not what the Austrian re- ?????. ?? ??? ?? ??, ??? ?????????? searchers found when they fired their ??????????? ?????????????, ????? ??? molecules. ????????? ???? ????????. In the Austrian experiment, opening ? ??????????? ????????????, ???????- ?????????? the second gap did indeed increase ??? ??????? ????????????? the number of molecules arriving at ??????????? ????? ???????, ????????? some points on the screenb— ut it de- ?????? ? ????? ??????, ?? ????????? creased the number at others, as in ?? ????? ? ??????, ??? ?? ??????? ??- the figure below. In fact, there were ?? . ??????????, ????? ??? ?????????? ?????, spots where no buckyballs landed when ???? ?????????, ???? ??? ????- both slits were open but where balls ??? ???? ?? ????????????, ?? ??? ???? did land when only one or the other ????????????, ????? ??? ?????? ?????? gap was open. That seems very odd. ???? ??? ?????? ??????????. ??? ??- How can opening a second gap cause ????? ????? ????????. ??? ????? ??- fewer molecules to arrive at certain ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ????, points? ???????? ??? ?????-?? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?& waft* estate
Buckyboll Soccer. When molecular soc- ???? ??????????. ????? ??????? ????? are fired cer balls at slits in a ?????????????? ??????????, ????????? screen, the resulting pattern re- ???????? ?????????? ????????? ?????- flects unfamiliar quantum laws. ??. We can get a clue to the answer by ?? ????? ???????? ???? ? ???????? ??- examining the details. In the experi- ????, ???????? ??????. ? ???????????? ???????????? ment, many of the molecular soccer ????? ?????????? ????? balls landed at a spot centered half- ???????????? ? ?????, ????????????? way between where you would expect ?? ??????? ?? ?????, ? ??????? ?? them to land if the balls went ???????, ??? ??? ???????????, ???? through either one gap or the other. ??????? ? ?????? ??????, ? ?????? farther A little out from that cen- ?????? ??????????. ???? ?????? ???- ???????? ??????? tral position very few molecules ar- ???????????? ????? rived, but a bit farther away from ???? ???????, ?? ??? ??????? ?????? the center than that, molecules were ?? ?????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ???????. again observed to arrive. This pat- ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ???- tern is not the sum of the patterns ??? ???????, ????????????, ????? ???- formed when each gap is opened sepa- ??? ?????????? ?????? ????????, ?? ?? rately, but you may recognize it from ?????? ?????? ?? ? ??????? 3 ??? ??- Chapter 3 as the pattern characteris- ????? ?????????????? ??????????????? tic of interfering waves. The areas ????. ???????, ??? ?? ???????????? where no molecules arrive correspond ????????, ????????????? ????????, ? to regions in which waves emitted ??????? ?????, ?????????? ?? ???? from the two gaps arrive out of ???????????, ??????? ?? ? ????, ? phase, and create destructive inter- ??????? ??????? ?????????????; ?????- ference; the areas where many mole- ??, ??? ???????????? ????? ???????, cules arrive correspond to regions ????????? ? ????????, ??? ????? ????- where the waves arrive in phase, and ?? ? ????, ?????? ??????????? ?????- create constructive interference. ???????? . In the first two thousand or so years ? ??????? ???? ??????????? ??????? expe- of scientific thought, ordinary ?????, ??????? ???? ? ???????? ???? basis ??????? rience and intuition were the ?????????????? ???????????. for theoretical explanation. As we ????????????? ???? ?????????? ? ???- improved our technology and expanded ????? ???? ?????????, ??????? ?? ??- the range of phenomena that we could ??? ?????????, ?? ???????? ????????- ??- ???? observe, we began to find nature be- ??? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?????, having in ways that were less and ??????? ??? ?????? ? ?????? less in line with our everyday expe- ??????????? ? ????? ???????????? ???- ? rience and hence with our intuition, ??? ? ???????????? ????? ????????, as evidenced by the experiment with ??? ??????????????? ??????????? ? ??????????? ???????? buckyballs. That experiment is typi- ??????????. ???? cal of the type of phenomena that ???????? ?? ???? ?????????, ??????? ?????? cannot be encompassed by classical ????????? ???????????? ??????, science but are described by what is ?? ????? ??????? ???, ??? ?????????? ??? called quantum physics. In fact, ????????? ???????. ????? ?????? Richard Feynman wrote that the dou- ???????, ??????????? ? ????? ?????- ble-slit experiment like the one we ??????, ????????? ????, \"???????? ??? described above \"contains all the ????? ????????? ????????\". mystery of quantum mechanics.\" The principles of quantum physics ???????? ????????? ?????? ???? ???- ????? ? ?????? ??????????? ??????????
were developed in the first few dec- ????, ????? ???? ??? ???????????? after ades of the twentieth century ?????? ????????? ???????????? ??? to be in- Newtonian theory was found of na- ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? - ??? adequate for the description ?????????? - ??????. ??????????????? ture on the atomic—or subatomic- ?????? ?????? ????????? ???? ???????, level . The fundamental theories of ? ??? ??????? ?? ????????????????. physics describe the forces of nature ???????????? ?????? (????????, ?????? and how objects react to them. ???????) ????????? ?? ?????? ??????- Classical theories such as Newton's ??? ????????????? ?????, ? ??????? ???????????? are built upon a framework reflecting ??????? ?????????, ??? everyday experience, in which ????? ?????????? ? ???????????? ???- material objects have an individual ???, ???????????? ????????????? ???- ????????? existence, can be located at definite ????????? ? ?.?. ?????? ??- locations, follow definite paths, and ?????? ??????, ??? ?????? ??????? ??- soon. Quantum physics provides a ?????? ?? ??????? ? ?????????? ????- ???, framework for understanding how ?? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??- nature and subatomic operates on atomic wef11 ??????, ??? ?????????? ?????????? scales, but as see in ?????? ?????????????? ?????, ??? ??- more detail later, it dictates a ????? ????????? ???????, ??? ???????- completely different conceptual ??? ? ???? ??? ??????? ? ??????? ???- schema, one in which an objectfs ?? ?? ??????????. ????????? ?????? position, path, and even its past and ???, ????? ??? ?????????????? ??? future are not precisely determined. ????????????????, ????????? ?? ?????? Quantum theories of forces such as ???? ?????????. gravity or the electromagnetic force within are built that framework. Can theories built upon a framework ????? ?? ??????, ??????????? ?? ????- so foreign to everyday experience ??? ?????? ????????????? ????? ??? ?? also explain of ordinary the events ????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????, ????? experience that were modeled so accu- ??????? ???? ????????????? ? ??- rately by classical physics? They ????????? ???????????? ???????? can, for we and our surroundings are ???, ????????? ?? ? ???? ?????????? composite structures, made of an uni- ????? - ????????? ?????????, ??????- maginably large number of atoms, more ??? ?? ???????????? ???????? ????? atoms than there are stars in the ob- ??????, ???????? ?????????? ??????, ???- servable universe. And though the ??? ?????????? ????? ? ??????? atoms ????? component obey the principles ??????. ? ???? ???????????? of quantum physics, ????- one can show that ??????????? ????????? ????????? the large assemblages that form soc- ?? , ????? ??????????????????, ??? cer balls, turnips, and jumbo jets— ??????? ?????????, ??????????? ???- and us—will indeed manage to avoid ??????? ????, ???? ? ???????? - ? ??? slits. diffracting through So though - ????????????? ????? ?????????? ??- the components of everyday objects ?????? ?????????????? ????? ???????. obey quantum physics, Newton's laws ???????, ???? ?????????? ???????????? form an effective theory that ???????? ?????????? ????????? ??????, describes very accurately how the ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? form composite structures that our ??????, ??????? ????? ????? ???????- everyday world behave. ??, ??? ????? ???? ????????? ???????- ???. ??, ?????????? ??? ???????????? That might sound strange, but there ??? ????? ?? ??????? ???????, ?? ? science in ??- are many instances in ????? ???? ????????? ????????, ? appears to ????? ??- which a large assemblage ??????? ?????????, ???????,
behave in a manner that is different ??? ????, ? ????????? ???????, ?????- from the behavior of its individual ?? ?? ????????? ??? ????????? ?????- components. The responses of a single ?????? . ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? neuron hardly portend those of the ?? ?????????? ??????? ????????????? human brain, nor does knowing about a ?????, ????? ??? ? ?????? ? ???????? water molecule tell you much about ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ? ????????? of a lake. the behavior In the case ?????. ? ?????? ????????? ??????, ??? ??? of quantum physics, physicists are ?????? ????????, ????? ????- still working to figure out the de- ???? ?????? ????, ??? ?????? ??????? ??? tails of how Newtonfs laws emerge ????????? ?? ????????? ?????. from the quantum domain. What we do ????? ????????, ??? ????????? ????? ??????? know is that the components of all ???? ???????? ??????????? the ??????? objects obey the laws of quantum are ????????? ??????, ? ?????? physics, and Newtonian laws a ?????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? good approximation for describing the ???????????????? ????????, those way macroscopic objects made of ??????? ?? ???? ????????? ??????. quantum components behave. The predictions of Newtonian theory ?? ???????????? ???????????? ?????? reality therefore match the view of ??????? ????????????? ????????????? ? ? we all develop as we experience the ??????????, ? ??????? ?? ???????????, world around us. But individual atoms ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ???. ?? ???- and molecules operate in a manner ??????? ????? ? ???????? ???????????- profoundly different from that of our ???? ?????? ??-???????, ??? ??????? ????????? everyday experience. Quantum physics ????? ???????????? ?????. is a new model of reality that gives ?????? - ????? ?????? ??????????, us a picture of the universe. It is a ?????? ??? ??????? ?????????. ??? - picture in which many concepts funda- ???????, ? ??????? ? ?????? ???????, mental to our intuitive understanding ??????????????? ??? ?????? ????????- of reality no longer have meaning. ???? ????????? ???????????????? ????- ?? , ??? ????????. The double-slit experiment was first ??????????? ? ??????? ?????, ??????? carried out in 1927 by Clinton Davis- ??? ???????? ? 1927 ???? ????????? son and Lester Germer, experimental ?????????? ? ???????? ????????, ????- physicists at Bell Labs who were ????-?????????????????? ?? ????????- studying how a beam of electrons — ??? Bell, ??????? ???????, ??? ????? objects much simpler than buckyballs ?????????? - ??????? ????? ????? ??? — interacts with a crystal made of \"???? ????\" - ??????????????? ? ???- nickel. The fact that matter parti- ???????, ????????? ?? ??????. ???, cles such as electrons behave like ??? ???????????? ???????, ????? ??? water waves was the type of startling ?????????, ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????, experiment that inspired quantum ??? ????? ?? ??? ???????????- physics. Since this behavior is not ??? ?????????????, ???????, ??????? ??- observed on a macroscopic scale, sci- ???????? ?? ????????? ??????. entists have long wondered just how ??????? ????? ????????? ?? ????????- ???- large and complex something could be ???????? ?????? ?? ???????????, and still exhibit such wavelike prop- ??? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???????? erties. It would cause quite a stir - ????????? ??????? ? ??????? ?????? if the effect could be demonstrated ???? ??????, ????? ????????? ??????- using people or a hippopotamus, but ????? ??????????????? ???????? ????- general, as we've said, in the larger ????. ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? apparent the object the less and ro- ???? ?????????????????? ? ???????? effects. So it bust are the quantum ????? ??? ????????????, ???, ?????-
is unlikely that any zoo animals will ?????, ??????? ?? ???????, ??????, be passing wavelike bars ?????? through the ??? ??? ???? ???????, ??? ???- of their cages. Still, experimental ??? ???????, ??? ????? ??????? ????- physicists have phenomenon observed the wave ????? ???????. ??????? ????????????, increasing replicate with particles of ever- ??? ?????-???? ???????? ? ???????? someday only far size. Scientists hope to ??????????, ??????? ????, ?????? ???- by some the not buckyball experiment ??? ????? ??????. ??? ?? ?????, using a virus, bigger which is ??????-???????????????? ????????? but also considered ???????? ??????? ? ?????? ??? ??????? to be a living thing. ????????. ?????? ???????? ????????? ?????-?????? ??????????? ? ?????????- ??, ????????? ?????? ??? ?????, ????- ??? ?? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ?? ?????????, ?? ????? ?????????????- ?? ?????????? ??? ????? ????????. There are only a few aspects of quan- ?????? ???? ????????? ???????? ????- the tum physics needed to understand ????? ?????? ????????? ??? ????, ???- chap- arguments we will make in later ?? ?????? ?????????, ?????????????? ? ters . One of the key features is ????????? ??????. ???? ?? ???????? That matter wave/particle duality. ??????? - ?????????????? ????? / ???- a wave sur- particles behave like ????. ???????????? ???????, ??????? prised everyone. That light behaves ???? ??????? ?????, ?????? ??????. like a wave no longer surprises any- ??, ??? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ???- one . The wavelike behavior of light ?? , ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????????. ???????? ????? ??????????- seems natural to us and has been con- ????????? sidered an accepted fact for almost ???? ??? ???????????? ? ??? ????? two centuries. If you shine a beam of ??????? ??? ????????? ??????????? ? and light on the two slits in the above ?????????? ??????. ???? ?? ????????? experiment, two waves will emerge ??? ????? ?? ??? ????, ??? ? ???????- meet on the screen. At some points ?????? ????????????, ??? ????? ???- ????? their crests or troughs will coincide ???-?? ? ??????????? ?? ??????. ? ??- and form a bright spot; at others the ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????- crests of one beam will meet the ???? , ???????? ????? ?????, ? ?????? troughs of the other, canceling them, - ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????????? and leaving a dark area. The English ? ???????? ??????, ??????????? ?? ? physicist Thomas Young performed this ???????? ?????? ???????. ?????????? experiment in the early nineteenth ????? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ?????- century, convincing people that light ?????? ? ?????? ?????????????? ????, ???????? was a wave and not, as Newton had be- ??????? ?????, ??? ???? ???? lieved, composed of particles. ?????, ? ?? ??????? ?? ??????, ??? ??????? ??????. Though one might conclude that Newton ???? ???-?? ??? ?? ????????, ??? ???- was wrong to say that light was not a ??? ????????, ?????????, ??? ???? ?? ??- wave, he was right when he said that ???????? ??????, ?? ?? ??? ????, ???, light can act as if it is composed of ??? ???????, ??? ???? ????? ???? ??- particles. Today we call them pho- ??? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ??????. tons . Just as we are composed of a ????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ????????. large number of atoms, the light we ??? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? see in everyday life is composite in ????? ??????, ????, ??????? ?? ????? ?????, the sense that it is made of a great ? ???????????? ???????? ????- many photonse— ven a 1-watt night- ???, ? ??? ??????, ??? ??????? ?? ?????????? light emits a billion billion each ????? ??????? - ???? 1-
second. Single photons are not usu- ??????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ally evident, but in the laboratory ?????????? ??????? ?????? ???????. a beam of light so ????????? ?????? we can produce of ?????? ?? ?????????- consists a stream faint that it of ??, ?? ? ??????????? ?? ????? ??????- single photons, which we can detect ?????? ??? ????? ????????? ??????, as individuals just as we can detect ??? ??, ?? ????, ??????? ?? ?????? individual electrons or buckyballs. ????????? ???????, ??????? ?? ????? And we can repeat Youngf s experiment ?????????? ??? ????????? ????????, employing a beam sufficiently sparse ??? ?? ??? ???????????? ????????? that the photons reach the barrier ????????? ??? ?????????. ? ?? ????? one at a time, with a few seconds be- ????????? ??????????? ????, ????????? ?????????? tween each arrival. If we do that, ??? ????? ?????? ??????- and then add up all the individual ???, ????? ?????????? ??????? ??????- impacts recorded by the screen on the ????? ????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? far side of the barrier, we find that ???, ? ?????????? ? ????????? ??????. together they build up the same in- ???????? ???????? ??????? ? ???????- terference pattern that would be ??? ????? ??? ?????????????? ???????, built up if we performed the Davis- ??????????????? ?? ?????? ? ???????? son-Germer experiment but fired the ??????? ????????, ?? ?????????, ??? electrons (or buckyballs) at the ????? ????? ????????????? ?? ???? ?? screen one at a time. To physicists, ???????, ??? ???? ?? ?? ????????? that was a startling revelation: If ??????????? ?????????-???????, ?? ??- ???????? individual particles interfere with ?? ?? ????? ????????? (??? themselves, then the wave nature of ?????????) ?? ?????? ?? ???. ??? ??- light is the property not just of a ????? ???? ???? ????????????? ?????- beam or of a large collection of pho- ????: ???? ????????? ??????? ???????- tons but of the individual particles. ?????? ???? ? ?????, ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ?????????? ???????, ?? ????????? ??????. Youngfs Experiment. The buckyboll ??????????? ????. ???????, ????????- pattern ???????? theory was familiar from the wave ??? ??????????, ??????????? ????????? Another or light. ??????? ?????. ????????- physics of the main tenets of quantum ?????? ???????? ????????? is the principle, ?????? ???????? ??????? uncertainty
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