The Body Systems Flip Book- Veda Udtha- health Science- 1B

The Body Systems Flip Book Veda Udtha-Health Science-1B-Pickett

Table of Contents ● Integumentary System ● Musculoskeletal System ● Nervous System ● Special Senses ● Cardiovascular System ● Respiratory System ● Digestive System ● Urinary System ● Reproductive System

Integumentary System ● Careers- Dermatologist(doctors specialising in skin disorders) and ● derm/o- skin ● Vocabulary- Melanin(skin Cosmetologists(trained and ● kerat/o- horny/hard/cornea pigment), Melanocytes(cells that licensed to perform cosmetic ● xer/o- dryness produce melanin), treatments to the hair, skin, and ● xanth/o- yellow; yellowish Keratin(protein used to form nails.) ● erythr/o-red tissues like skin), ● pedicu/o-lice/ louse Keratinocytes(cells that produce ● Diseases/ Disorders- Basal cell ● onchy/o- nails keratin), Collagen(protein that carcinoma(cancer originating in ● myc/o-fungus provides firmness and strength stratum basale), Squamous cell ● pil/o- hair in skin), Elastin(protein that carcinoma(cancer involving ● lip/o- fat provides elasticity), Sebum(oily epithelial cells found on skin ● rhytid/o- wrinkle substances to protect skin & surface), Melanoma(cancer of ● albin/o- white; deficient pigment hair), Epidermis(outermost layer melanocytes), Alopecia- hair loss. of skin containing nails and The integumentary system acts as a barrier to hair), Dermis(middle layer of protect the body from the outside world. It also skin), Hypodermis(innermost functions to retain body fluids, protect against layer of skin). disease, eliminate waste products, and regulate body temperature.

Musculoskeletal System ● Careers- Orthopedist-(doctors specialising in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment ● my/o- muscle ● Vocabulary- Skull(bone that makes up of disorders of the bones, joints, ligaments, tendons and muscles.) and ● myel/o- marrow of spine top and back of head and protects Chiropractor-(practitioner of the system of brain), Sternum(flat bone that integrative medicine based on the diagnosis ● oste/o- bone connects 2 sides of rib cage; aka ● and manipulative treatment of ● cost/o- ribs breastbone), Vertebrae(irregular bones misalignments of the joints). ● crani/o- skull that protect spinal cord and form Diseases/ Disorders- ● -pexy-surgical fixation column), Pelvis(flat bone that forms Osteoarthritis-(wearing down and ● chondr/o- cartilage bottom of torso and hip joints), dysfunction of joints), Polio(muscle infection, ● arthr/o-joints Cartilage(tissue often found at ends of particularly of legs), Ankylosing ● -plegia- paralysis/ stroke bones), Ligaments(rope-like structures Spondylitis(spinal joints fuse together and reduce spinal mobility), ● kinesi/o- motion that keep joints stable during Psoriasis-(inflammatory arthritis of spine and hips that also involves a skin rash). movement), Tendons-(tissues that connect muscle to bone), Joint-(place The musculoskeletal system provides form, where two bones meet, allowing support, stability, and movement to the movement in body), Bone marrow-(soft, spongy tissue inside body and it also protects the soft organs many bones that works like a factory inside. for blood cells), Achilles tendon-(attaches lower leg muscle to heel).

Nervous System ● Careers- Neurologist-(doctors treat Vocabulary- Neuron(basic cell of the nervous disorders that affect the brain, spinal cord, ● neur/o- nerve ● system: specialized for sending and receiving and nerves), and Psychologist-(gather ● encephal/o- brain signals from other neurons), Dendrite(part of ● information and evaluate behavior ● myel/o- spinal cord the neuron that stretches outward and through controlled laboratory ● ambul/o- walking receives signals from neighboring neurons), experiments, psychoanalysis, or ● -esthesia-sensation/ feeling Neurotransmitter(chemical used by neuron psychotherapy.). ● mening/o-meninges to transmit a signal to another neuron), Diseases/ Disorders- ● psych/o- mental/ physiological Axon(long extension that connects a Meningitis-(inflammation of meninges), ● concuss/o- shaken together neuron’s dendrite with its axon terminal), Epilepsy(conditions characterized by Myelin(protective coating that surrounds episodes of distrubed electrical activity in The nervous system receives and insulates axons to enable them to brain), Cerebrovascular accident(stroke; information about the environment, transmit signals), Central Nervous acute loss of brain function due to sensation, and generating responses to system(portion of nervous system that interruption of blood flow to a portion of that information, motor responses. includes the brain and spinal cord), brain), Paralysis-(loss of function in one or Peripheral nervous system (portion of more muscles, resulting in an ability to nervous system that runs through body), move affected body part) Brain-(control center for nervous system), Spinal cord-(nervous tissue that connects brain to PNS), Meninges-(tough, layered protective tissue that surrounds and protects brain and spinal cord).

● Careers- Ophthalmologist-(doctor who specializes in the treatment of illnesses, Special Senses ● Vocabulary- Pina(outer ear flap that forms diseases, injuries, and conditions that affect the eye), and Otolaryngologist-( ● irid/o- iris visible part of ear), Ossicles(3 tiny connected diagnose and treat diseases of the ear, ● -cusis- hearing problem bones in middle ear that transmit sound nose, upper pharynx, larynx, oral cavity, ● -opia- defects in vision ● and other head and neck structures). ● ot/o- ear Diseases/ Disorders- Deafness-(partial ● tympan/o-eardrum/ tympanic vibrations from tympanic membrane to inner complete loss of ability to hear), ear), External Auditory Canal(narrow passage Vertigo(symptom characterized by membrane that leads from pinna to tympanic membrane), sensation that one is spinning), Cerumen ● ophthalm/o-eyes Tympanic membrane(eardrum; thin membrane impaction(collection of ear wax that ● -metry- act/ process of measuring that separates external auditory canal from blocks external auditory canal, impairing middle ear and transmits sound vibrations to ability to hear), Conjunctivitis-(pinkeye; ossicles), Iris(thin, colored, circular structure in inflammation of conjunctiva caused by eye controlling amount of light entering eye infection/allergies) The special senses have specialized by contracting and expanding), Pupil(opening organs devoted to them. The vision (the in iris that lets light into eye), Lens(flexible, eye), hearing and balance (the ear, which transparent, egg-shaped structure that helps includes the auditory system and cornea focus light on retina by changing its vestibular system), smell (the nose), and shape), Cornea-(transparent front-most part taste (the tongue). of eye that helps lens focus light on area), Retina-(light sensitive layer of cells that line inner surface of eye and transmit light signals to brain), Vitreous humor-(clear, gel-like fluid that fills eye between lens and retina).

● Careers- Cardiologist-(doctors who specialize in diagnosing and treating Cardiovascular System diseases or conditions of the heart and blood vessels), and ● cardi/o- heart ● Vocabulary- Heart(muscular organ that Cardiothoracic-(medical doctor who ● angi/o- blood vessel expands and contracts to pump blood specializes in surgical procedures of the ● hem/o, hemat/o- blood throughout body), Blood(liquid that carries red heart, lungs, esophagus, and other organs & white blood cells, nutrients, nad waste ● in the chest.). Diseases/ Disorders- Congestive heart ● -brady- slow products through body), Atrium(type of failure-(disease in which heart fails to ● -tachy-fast chamber in heart; right atrium receives blood pump strongly enough ), ● thromb/o-blood clot returning to heart from body and left atrium Myocarditis(disease in which heart muscle receives blood returning to heart from lungs), becomes inflamed), Tachycardia(fast heart ● -emia- blood Ventricle(pumping chamber of heart; right rate; more than 100 bpm), Bradycardia-(slow heart rate; less than 60 ● leuk/o- white blood cell ventricle pumps blood into lungs and left bpm) ventricle pumps blood through body), ● erythr/o- red blood cell Valve(one of 4 structures in heart in heart that ● arteri/o- arteries control blood flow, permitting it flow in one direction), Artery(blood vessel that carries The Cardiovascular system maintains blood away from heart), Vein(blood vessel that blood flow and oxygen to all parts of carries blood back to heart), Capillary-(smallest blood vessel, receives blood the body. from arterial system), Erythrocyte-(red blood cells which carries oxygen throughout body), Leukocyte-(white blood cells, which forms part of immune system that protects body from foregin materials and organisms).

● Careers- Otolaryngologist(doctors who specialize in the head and throat), and Respiratory System Respiratory Therapist-(work with patients who have breathing or other cardiopulmonary disorders). ● bronch/o- bronchus ● Vocabulary- Nose(outwardly visible respiratory ● Diseases/ Disorders- ● cyan/o- blue organ that provides pathway into body for Tuberculosis-(disease caused by bacteria ● laryng/o- larynx outside air and filters air before entering that attack lungs), Pneumonia(infection of ● -oxia- oxygen respiratory system), Pharynx(respiratory organ lungs that causes small bronchioles and ● Oxy-containing oxygen that connects nose and larynx; also called alveoli to fill with fluid), Cystic ● pleur/o-rib throat), Larynx(respiratory organ that allows air fibrosis-(genetic disorder that causes lungs ● pneum/o- breathing; respiration to travel from pharynx to trachea and prevents to become clogged with thick mucus), ● pulmon/o- lungs food from entering lower parts of respiratory Chronic bronchitis-(infection/ ● thorac/o- chest conducting zones), Trachea(flexible tube inflammation of bronchial tubes) ● trache/o- trachea connecting larynx to main bronchi that filters, moistens, and warms air before entering lungs), Lungs(2 spongy organs that allow blood cells to transfer oxygen in and out of body), The Respiratory system is a network of Bronchi(respiratory organ that serves as main organs and tissues that help with the passageway for air into lungs), Alveoli(tiny air exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. sacs located at end of bronchioles), Glottis(two flaps of tissue that close together to prevent food from entering conducting zone),Paranasal(adjacent to nose), Pulmonary ventilation(breathing; exchange of air between lungs and environment).

● Careers- Hepatologist(doctors who specialize in liver problems and conduct Digestive System follow-up care of liver transplant patients, and perform various surgical ● cholecyst/o- gallbladder ● Vocabulary- Tongue(organ that helps procedures), and Gastroenterologist ● move food into digestive tract), Salivary (consult and diagnose patients and ● enter/o- intestine glands(glands that produce saliva secreted ● inspect internal organs through to begin food breakdown), endoscopic procedures). col/o, colon/o- colon; large intestine Diseases/ Disorders- Gastroenteritis-(inflammation of ● hepat/o- liver Esophagus(digestive organ that transports stomach lining and intestines), Colitis(inflammation of colon), ● gastr/o- stomach food to stomach), Stomach(organ that Cirrhosis-(degenerative disease in which scar tissue replaces normal tissue liver), ● or/o- mouth begins breakdown of food by mixing it Hepatitis-(inflammation of liver caused by liver) ● -pepsia- warming; digestion with digestive juices), Small intestine(digestive organ where most ● chol/e- bile nutrient absorption takes place), ● proct/o- anus; rectum Pancreas(organ that secretes digestive The Digestive system breaks down enzymes into small intestine), Liver(organ food into smaller components until that produces bile secreted for fat they can be absorbed and assimilated digestion), Gallbladder(digestive organ into the body. that stores bile for release into small intestine), Large intestine(digestive organ that absorbs water and prepares waste for eliminations from body), Anus(organ that controls human solid waste excretion).

● Careers- Urologist(doctors specialized in treating diseases and maintaining the Urinary System health of male reproductive organs and urinary tracts in both males and ● -cele- swelling; hernia ● Vocabulary- Urine(liquid produced by kidneys females), and Nephrologist (doctor who consisting of water and dissolved waste specializes in kidney care and treating ● -lysis- breakdown waste chemicals), Kidneys(two bean shaped organs ● diseases of the kidneys). responsible for filtering blood to remove Diseases/ Disorders- Polyuria-(excessive ● cyst/o- bladder; sac; cyst wastes), Ureters(slender tubes that force urine urination), Hematuria(blood in urine, down from kidney into bladder), Bladder(sac seen with infections, cancers, or kidney ● nephr/o- kidney made of muscle that stores urine down from stones), Kidney stones-(small stones kidney into bladder), Urethra(tube that connects that form waste in kidneys and become ● ren/o- kidney bladder to outside of body), Sphincter(muscle trapped in urinary tract), Interstitial that contracts to block urine from exiting the cystitis-(chronic inflammation of walls of ● -uria- presence of urine bladder and passing into urethra), Renal bladder of unknown cause) capsule(outer covering of tough connective ● -pexy- fixation; suspension tissue and fat that gives kidneys their shape), Renal cortex(outer portion of kidney, where ● -ectasis- dilation or distention of a blood is filtered and erythropoietin is produced), Renal arteries(two arteries that branch off the tubular structure abdominal aorta and end at kidneys supplying them with blood to filter), Renal veins(two veins ● pyel/o- pelvis that carry filtered, or purified, blood from each kidney back to circulatory system at the vena The Urinary system produces, stores cava). and eliminates urine, the fluid waste excreted by the kidneys.

● Careers- Obstetrician-Gynecologist(doctor who Reproductive System specializes in women's reproductive health), and Andrologist (urologist who ● cervic/o- cervix; neck ● Vocabulary- Sex cell(haploid cell that can ● specializes in male urological or ● salping/o- fallopian tube join with another sex cell to create new reproductive problems). ● ov/o- egg Diseases/ Disorders- Syphilis-(disease ● orchid/o- testicle life), Diploid cell(cell has two sets of caused by bacteria; fatal if left untreated), ● oophor/o- ovary Gonorrhea(STI caused by bacteria; results ● men/o- menstruation chromosomes), Haploid cells(cell that has in painful urination and unusual discharge), ● mamm/o- breast Anorchism-(absence of one or both ● gynec/o- female reproduction one set of chromosomes), Ovum(female testes), Endocervicitis-(inflammation of ● colp/o- vagina lining of cervix). sex cell), Sperm(male sex cells), Gonad(organ that produces haploid sex cells), Penis(male sexual organ), Testicle(primary male sex organ that ● prostat/o- prostate gland prodices sperm and releases hormones), Uterus(hollow, muscular organ that recieves and nourishes ferilized egg), The Reproductive system produces Vagina(thin-walled tube that extends offsprings by producing sperm and from cervix to exterior of body). eggs.