01 The Small Business Handbook Second Edition ZULU

TIA – TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION AGENCY NYDA – NATIONAL YOUTH DEVELOPMENTImpokophelo ye-TIA ukusimamisa nokuqinisa AGENCYamasu ezobuchwepheshe eNingizimu Afrika. I-NYDA yakhelwa ukubhekana nezinkingaIhlinzeka ngosizo Lwezezimali Nolungasilo zokuthuthukiswa kwentsha. Okunye kwalokhuOlwezimali ukuze kuthuthukiswe imikhiqizo, kumayelana nokweseka amabhizinisi aholwaizinqubo kanye nemisebenzi okususelwe yintsha. I-NYDA igxile ekuhlinzekeni intshakwezobuchwepheshe. Iphinde yeseke ngesibonelelo sezimali kosomabhizinisi abashaukudayiswa kwalokhu. abethembisayo kwezamabhizinisi. Isibonelelo sezimali siqala ku-R1 000 kuye kofinyelela ku-Ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi vakashela: R100 000 emuntwini ngamunye noma ku-co-www.tia.org.za operative yabantu abasha. Ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi vakashela: www.nyda.gov.zaGEP – GAUTENG ENTERPRISE PROPELLER ECDC – EASTERN CAPE DEVELOPMENTUmgomo we-GEP ukuqhuba osomabhizinisi. CORPORATIONIhlinzeka ngemisebenzi yezezimali, engasiyo I-ECDC ihlinzeka ngohlu lwezindlela zoxhasomalieyezezimali kanye namakhono okuthuthukisa zesikhashana nezesikhathi eside. Indlela“amabhizinisi aseGauteng ahlangabezana umuntu afaneleka ngayo ngokwabo, ukuthinemigomo yoxhaso kuncike ekutheni ibhizinisi ube nenhlokohhovisi eliseMpumalanga Kapa.lifakazele ukuthi lingaqhubekiseka ngezimali futhi Isebenzisana nezimboni eziningi Kwezolimo,linamandla okukhokhela imalimboleko. Ezobuciko Nezemisebenzi yezandla kuya Ekuvuselelweni Kwamandla Kagesi.Ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi vakashela:www.gep.co.za Ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi vakashela: www.ecdc.co.zaNFVF – NATIONAL FILM AND VIDEO FOUNDATION NAC – NATIONAL ARTS COUNCIL SOUTH AFRICANjengoba igama lisho, inhloso ye-NFVF I-NAC ihlinzeka ngoxhaso kumaphrojekthiukwandisa amafilimu asendaweni. Izigaba aphathelene nezobuciko. Kuwebhusayithi yaboezine: Uxhaso Lwezokudidiyela Nezentuthuko; baveza ukuthi bangase bangabi namali eyaneleEzemfundo Nezokuqeqesha kanye Nezokwazisa ukuxhasa iphrojekthi iyonke- ngakho kubalulekileNezokusabalalisa. ukubukeza imigomo nemibandela.Ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi vakashela: Ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi vakashela:www.nfvf.co.za www.nac.org.za/funding 138 UXHASOMALI

UXHASOMALIINGXENYE 3IZIMBONI ZABANTU ABAMNYAMA LANDBANKIphrojekthi ye-DTI- Uhlelo Lwezimboni Isungulwe ngowe-1912, iLandbank iyisikhungoZabantu Abamnyama luwuhlelo lokuhlomulisa, zokuthuthukisa kwezezimali esigxila emboniningesigidigidi esisodwa samarandi (R1 billion). yezolimo eNingizimu Afrika. IhlinzekaInenhloso yokwakha i-100- lezimboni ezinkulu, ngemisebenzi yezezimali kubalimi abadayisayo,eziqhubekisekayo nezincintisanayo zabantu amabhizinisi ezolimo kanye nabantu abasangenaabamnyama. emkhakheni wezolimo.Ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi vakashela: Ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi vakashela:www.thedti.gov.za/economic_ www.landbank.co.zaempowerment/Black_IndustrialistNURCHA GPF – GAUTENG PARTNERSHIP FUNDI-NURCHA yinkampani yokuthuthukisa I-GPF ihlinzekela ngoxhaso emkhakheni wezindlukwezezimali eyeseka amaphrojekthi anjengalawa: ezingambi eqolo eGauteng. Uxhasomali lwayoizindlu zomxhaso nezingambi eqolo; olune lubandakanya:ingqalasizinda kanye nezakhiwo zomphakathi. • Indawo Yokuhlalisa Abafundi;Bahlinzeka ngemisebenzi yezoxhasomali • Isikhwama Sokuhlalisa Umphakathilokulekelela nokuxhasa kwezokwakha kubakhi • Isikhwama Sezindlu Zokuqashisanabathuthukisi. • Isikhwama Sezindlu ZokuthuthukisaUkuze uthole olunye ulwazi vakashela: Osomabhizinisi. Nalokhu kuwuhlelo lokukhulisawww.nurcha.co.za olweseka izinkampani zabantu ababephucwe amathuba ngaphambilini ezimakethe zokuqashisaTUHF – TRUST FOR URBAN HOUSING FINANCE ngezakhiwo ezingambi eqolo.I-TUHF iyinkampani ehlinzeka ngemisebenziyezezimali “eboleka abaninimabhizinisi Ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi vakashela:nezinkampani ezifisa ukwakha ibhizinisi www.gpf.org.zaelakhelwe ekuhlinzekeni ngezindlu zokuqashiselaukuhlala” edolobheni. Lihlinzeka laba NHFC – NATIONAL HOUSING FINANCEbaninimabhizinisi ngemalimboleko. Selihlinzekele CORPORATIONizindlu ezingaphezu kwezi-20,000 emadolobheni Enye yezinhloso ze-NHFC ukuhlinzeka ngoxhasoaseNingizimu Afrika. lwezimali kwezezindlu kuBaxhumanisi Bezitolo,Ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi vakashela: Abakhi Bezakhiwo kanye Nezikhungo Zezindluwww.tuhf.co.za Zomphakathi; kanjalo nokweseka nokuhlomisa abaxhumanisi kwezezindlu abasafufusa ngobudlelwano okungekweqhingasu. Ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi vakashela: www.nhfc.co.za 139UXHASOMALI

THE JOBS FUND PIC (PRIVATE INVESTMENT CORPORATION)Inhloso yesikhwama semisebenzi ukudala – ISIBAYA FUNDamathuba omsebenzi ngokweseka amaphrojekthi ISikhwama i-Isibaya Fund siyiSikhwamaamasu okwenza ukuthi sikwazi ukufeza Sotshalomali Sokuthuthukisa esiphathwe i-PIC,izimpokophelo zaso. Baxhasa imikhakha esihlinzeka ngoxhaso ngendlela Yokulingana,elandelayo: Isikweletu kanye neMezzanine Finance.• Ukuthuthukiswa kwamabhizinisi; Utshalomali lwabo luqhutshwa izimbuyiselo• Ingqalasizinda; - futhi babheke ukuthola izimbuyiselo zemali• Ukweseka Abantu Abafuna Umsebenzi & ezanelisayo. Bahlinzeka ngotshalomali ngqo• Ukwakha Abasebenzi Bezikhungo. kumaphrojekthi e-SME okuzoba negalelo elihle kwezomnotho ngokwezamabhizinisi; bakhuliseUkuze uthole olunye ulwazi, futhi ubone ukuthi amathuba okuthuthukisa amabhizinisi amashayiziphi izinhlangano eziphumelele abazixhasile, futhi badale eminye imisebenzi.vakashela:www.jobsfund.org.za Ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi vakashela: www.isibayafund.pic.gov.za 140 UXHASOMALI

ISAHLUKO 12IZINSELELEZEBHIZINISI KANYENOBUNGOZI 141IZINSELELE ZEBHIZINISI KANYE NOBUNGOZI

142IZINSELELE ZEBHIZINISI KANYE NOBUNGOZI

IZINSELELE ZEBHIZINISIKANYE NOBUNGOZIIZINSELELE ZEBHIZINISI NOBUNGOZINjengayo yonke into empilweni, ibhizinisi liza nobungozi balo kanye nezinselele. Okubalulekile ukukwaziukuzibona kuqala kanye nokuba nezinhlelo zokubhekana nazo. Sizobhala uhlu ngobungozi kanyenezinselele ezijwayelekile, kodwa kumele wazi ukuthi ibhizinisi ngalinye, umuntu, imboni kanye nendawokuzoba nezehlukile. WENA MNIKAZI: UBUNGOZI OBUHAMBISANA NOMNIKAZI WEBHIZINISI 1. Awazi ukuthi wenzani 2. Awukhuthazekile noma awunantshisekelo ngebhizinisi lakho 3. Uziholela kakhulu 4. Awuhlukanisi phakathi kwezindleko zebhizinisi neziqondene nawe ABASEBENZI: UBUNGOZI OBUHAMBISANA NABASEBENZI 1. Ukungabikho kwezinkontileka / incazelo ngomsebenzi 2. Badelela amakhasimende 3. Ukufika emuva kwesikhathi emsebenzini ngaso sonke isikhathi 4. Ukuholela abasebenzi ngokweqile UBUNGOZI KWEZEZIMALI: UBUNGOZI OBUHAMBISANA NOHLAKA LWEZEZIMALI LWEBHIZINISI LAKHO 1. Ukungena nokuphuma kwemali okungekuhle (njengokungabi nemali yokuqhuba ibhizinisi) 2. Isikweletu esibi (Amakhasimende akukhokhela emuva kwesikhathi noma angakhokhi nhlobo) 3. Ukusebenzisa imali ngokweqile (ukungaqikeleli indlela osebenzisa imali ngayo) 4. Ukuthumela ama-invoyisi emuva kwesikhathi 143IZINSELELE ZEBHIZINISI KANYE NOBUNGOZI

UBUNGOZI BOKULANDELA IMIYALELO:UBUNGOZI OBUHAMBISANA NOKULANDELA IMITHETHONEMITHETHONQUBO1. Izinkinga ze-SARS2. Izinkinga zika Masipala3. Ukungabibikho kwe Mithethonqubo yezempilo nezokuphepha4. Ukungayigcini imithetho yezemisebenziUBUNGOZI KWEZOKUSEBENZA:UBUNGOZI OBUHAMBISANA NENDLELA IBHIZINISI LAKHOELIQHUTSHWA NGAYO1. Ukweba2. Impahla (ukuba ningi ngokweqile, ukuba ncane, ukuphelelwa isikhathi kwayo)3. Ukusilela kwezinhlelo nezinqubo4. Abasebenzi abangaziphathi ngokufaneleIMITHELELA YANGAPHANDLE:1. Ubugebengu2. Ezomnotho (isib. ukwehla Komnotho)3. Iziteleka4. Ukungabikho kozinzo kwezepolitiki5. Ukuncintisana6. Umlilo7. Ukwabiwa kwamandla kagesi8. Ukukhuphuka kwenani likafuwela 144 IZINSELELE ZEBHIZINISI KANYE NOBUNGOZI

ISAHLUKO 13AMASU ASEMQOKAOMTHETHOWEZAMABHIZINISIOKUMELE UWAZI 145AMAGAMA EZOMTHETHO EBHIZINISI

146AMAGAMA EZOMTHETHO EBHIZINISI

BUSINESS LAWCONCEPTSIngalo yomthetho ibaluleke kakhulu ebhizinisini, nokho osomabhizinisi abaningi abayiqondi imithethoelawula ibhizinisi labo. Abaningi babona iseluleko sezomthetho nokwelulekwa kumba eqolo noma kuyintookumele icutshungulwe uma kuvela isidingo. Kodwa abanikazi bamabhizinisi abahlakaniphile bazinikaisikhathi sokuqonda imithetho ebathintayo futhi baqinisekise ukuthi ibhizinisi labo liyayigcina. Emhlabeniwamabhizinisi, “ukungazi” akusilo izaba elamukelekile.Kunobungozi obukhulu obuhambisana nokungayilandeli- njengezinhlawulo ezinkulu kanye, okubi kakhulu,nokuvalwa kwebhizinisi. Ngakho inhloso yalesi sahluko ukugqamisa imithetho ebalulekile enomthelelaemabhizinisini, kanye nokuhlinzeka ngamacebo ngokuthi kumele uzifune kuphi izeluleko zomthetho, kanyenamalinki amawebhusayithi lapho ungathola olunye ulwazi khona ngeMithetho ethile.Ukuzikhulula:Ulwazi esiluhlinzeke ezahlukweni ezilandelayo alusona iseluleko sezomthetho, kodwa umthombo wolwazi.Bonisana nesazimthetho esiwufundele lowo msebenzi ngaphambi kokuthatha noma esiphi isinqumongokususela kulokhu ozobe ukufunde lapha. Futhi, qaphela ukuthi ulwazi luvela emithonjeni enhlobonhlobo,okubandakanya i-CIPC kanye noMthetho Wezinkampani ka 2008, futhi kungenzeka ushintshe. Lokhuokushintshiwe kuye kusatshalaliswe kakhulu. 147AMAGAMA EZOMTHETHO EBHIZINISI

IKHOMISHANE YEZINKAMPANI NOBUHLAKANI (CIPC)I-CPIC, esebenza ngaphansi Kophiko lwezikhungo ezilawulayo ze DTI, lubhalisa ngokusemthethweniizinkampani , imiphila-ndawonye kanye nokubhaliwe esizisungulele khona ngokwengqondo. Ikomkhulu lisePitoli, kodwa linamagatsha ezweni lonke. Akukho sidingo sokuya wena uqobo lwakho kuma hhovisi eCIPC,ngoba iwebhusayithi ethi www.cipc.co.za ilula kakhulu futhi inikana ulwazi. Imisebenzi ye-CIPC iyalandela:“Ukubhalisa izinkampani, Ama-co-operatives kanyeNamalungelo Obuhlakani (uphawu lokuhweba,amalungelo, umumo kanye namalungelo okukopisha)nokunakekelwa kwayo Ukukhuthaza ukugcinwa kwemithetho efaneleUkudalulwa kolwazi Ukuphoqelelwa kwemithethokumarejista ebhizinisi ayo efanele egculisayo nenempumeleloUkugqugquzela ezemfundo kanyenokuba nolwazi ngoMthetho UkubhaliswaWezinkampani Nobuhlakani kwelayisense yabahlengi bebhizinisiUkuqapha ukulandelwanokuphulwa kwemigomo Ukubika, ukwenza ucwaningoyokubika ngezezimali, kanye kanye nokwazisa uNgqongqoshenokwenza izincomo zakhona ngezindaba zenqubomgomongokoMkhandlu Wemigomo kazwelonke kanye nemithethoYokubika Ngezezimali (FRSC) yezenkampani kanye nezobuhlakani.”Ulwazi luthathwe ngqo ku www.cipc.co.za. Ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi, sicelauvakashele iwebhusayithi ye-CIPC. 148 AMAGAMA EZOMTHETHO EBHIZINISI

BUSINESS LAWCONCEPTSIZINHLOBO ZEZINKAMPANI EZAHLUKENE EZINGABHALISWA KU-CIPCUlwazi olulandelayo luthathwe kuMthetho Wezinkampani, 2008 (uMthetho No. 71 ka 2008)Kunezinhlobo zezinkampani ezahlukene ezingabhalisa ku-CIPC. Ngokwezinhloso zale ncwadi, senze uhlulwezinhlobo zezinkampani ezinhlobonhlobo ibhizinisi elisha elingayibhalisa ku-CIPC. Ngakho asisebenzisaniNezinkampani Zikahulumeni kanye Nezinkampani Zangaphandle.OKOKUQALA NOKWANDE KAKHULU INKAMPANI EZIMELE:• Enkampanini, ibhizinisi nomnikazi walo (noma abanikazi) bathathwa njengabantu abehlukene ngakho ingeniso, izindleko, izintela, njll. okuqondene ngqo nomnikazi kulawulwa ngokungahlangene nalezo zebhizinisi.• Okuhlanganiswe kumuntu oyedwa noma ngaphezulu• Isibalo sabaqondisi asinamkhawulo, nokho, kumele kube nomqondisi oyedwa• Uma inkampani ezimele ebhalisiwe ibizwa ngesigaba esilandelayo: Proprietary Limited noma (Pty)Ltd• Ezinye izinkampani akudingeki ukuthi zenze ucwaningo noma zibuyekezwe ngokuzimele uma abaqondisi nabo abangabanikazi bezabelo1 Isikweletu esinomkhawulo sisho ukuthiOkuhle 1 Kunezindleko sokusungula inkampani, abanikazi bavikeleke kakhulu ezikweletiniOkubi njengomnikazi kudingeka ukhokhele zebhizinisi. Lokhu kwehluka lapho abanikazi ukubhaliswa kwenkampani. Kuphinde besayinde isibambiso ngezimalimboleko kwenze kube nzima ukusebenza zebhizinisi ezithile noma uma behluleke ngokwezokulandelwa kwezimiso ngokugcwele ukuphatha inkampani ngoba kungase kudingeke ukuthi ngokufanele. kucutshungulwe amarekhodi ezezimali futhi kudingeka ukuthi kukhokhwe2 Inkampani ezimele ibukeka ingehlonipheke izindleko ze-CIPC. kakhulu, ngoba ilawulwa imigomo yokuziphatha engokoMthetho 2 Ukuyiphatha akulula ngoba kudingeka Wezinkampani, izinkampani ezinkudlwana kulandelwe uMthetho Wezinkampani. zikhetha ukusebenzisana nazo.3 Inkampani ezimele iyithola kalula imali eyingqalabhizinisi noma uxhaso 149AMAGAMA EZOMTHETHO EBHIZINISI

EYESIBILI INKAMPANI ENGENZI NZUZO:• Impokophelo yenkampani ukuzuzisa umphakathi, hhayi ukwenza inzuzo. Ngakho, ingeniso noma ingaba ngakanani izokwabelwa abasunguli, amalungu noma amalungu ethrasti.• Kudingeka abaqondisi abangengaphansi kwabathathu.• Inkampani engenzi nzuzo yakhelwa izinhloso zomphakathi; intshisekelo yeqoqo noma yomphakathi noma imisebenzi yomphakathi.• Igama lenkampani lilandelwa umbhalo othi “NPC”EYESITHATHU ISIKWELETU ESIQONDENE NGQO NGENKAMPANI:• Le ivame ukubhaliswa ochwepheshe abanjengodokotela, abameli, onjiniyela, ama- accountant ukuze balawule imisebenzi yabo njengoba ngokomthetho bengavumelekile ukuba nesikweletu esinomkhawulo.• Yakhiwa umuntu oyedwa noma ngaphezulu futhi awukho umkhawulo esibalweni sabanikazi bezabelo. Ukudluliswa kwezabelo emphakathini kunemikhawulo.• Kudingeka ukuthi kuhlelwe izitatimende zonyaka zezimali, kodwa lokhu akudingeki ukuthi kucwaningwe noma kubukezwe ngokuzimele ngaphandle kwalapho kudingeka ngokomthethonqubo.• Igama lenkampani ligcina ngombhalo othi “Incorporated” noma “Inc.”1 Inkampani ezithwalele isikweletu 1 Kokubili inkampani kanye nabaqondisi bayo ngokwayo inamandla okuba inkampani bathwala noma yiziphi izikweletu ezidalekile, esebenzayo futhi engaqhubeka kodwa abaqondisi kuphela ababe budedengu ingunaphakade. bazi noma abakhwabanisile bazothwala icala ngokwabo ngqo.2 Imiselwe imithetho nemithethonqubo embalwa kunezinkampani ezinezikweletu 2 Abaqondisi bangaphambilini bathweswa ezinomkhawulo, isibonelo, izitatimende umthwalo ngokungaphathi kahle okwenzeke ezezimali ezicwaningiwe zenziwa ngesikhathi besezikhundleni. ngokuthanda futhi akudingeki ukuthi zifakwe ku-CIPC 3 Kunzima kakhulu futhi kumba eqoloOkuhle ukuyisungula uma kuqhathaniswa nebhizinisi Okubi lomuntu oyedwa noma i-partnership. 4 Njenganoma yiziphi ezinye izinkampani, ikhokhiswa intela kabili- intela yengeniso kanye nentela yezabelo ezidaluliwe.UKUQONDA UHLELO LWEZOMTHETHO IBHIZINISI LAKHO ELISEBENZA NGAPHANSI KWALO KUBALULEKILE.ZAKHELE ISIKHATHI SOKUCWANINGA NOKUFUNDA NGOMTHETHO OLAWULA IMISEBENZI YEBHIZINISI. 150 AMAGAMA EZOMTHETHO EBHIZINISI

BUSINESS LAWCONCEPTS UKWAKHA AMADLELANDAWONYE NJENGOLUNYE UHLAKA OLUNGAKHETHWA : NGOKWEWEBHUSAYITHI YE-CIPC, AMADLELANDAWONYE ANGACHAZWA NJENGEBHIZINISI LAPHO IQOQO LABANTU NGOKUZINIKELA LIHLANGANA, UKUZE LIHLANGABEZANE NEZIDINGO EZIFANAYO. • Ngaphambi kokubhalisa, kudingeka ukuthi kube nomhlangano wokusungula. Kulo mhlangano ningaxoxa ngenhloso yamadlelandawonye; nithathe izinqumo zokubhalisa ngokusemthethweni; nithathe izinqumo vngohlobo lwamadlelandawonye. • Kudingeka amalungu angabasunguli angengaphansi kwamahlanu; • Amadlelandawonye kumele abhaliswe ngesandla; • Kunezimiso nemigomo okusobala okumele amadlelandawonye akulandele; • Kudingeka kube nomthethosisekelo; • Sicela ubheke ku- www.cipc.co.za/index.php/register-your-business/co-operatives ukuze uthole eminye imininingwane ngokudingekayo kumadlelandawonye. 151AMAGAMA EZOMTHETHO EBHIZINISI

YINI IMEMORANDAMU YOKUHLANGANYELA (MOI)? Lo ngumbhalo obaluleke kakhulu ovame ukunganakwa. Uma inkampani yakho seyibhalisile, uzothola imibhalo yokubhalisa okubandakanya iMemorandamuYokuhlanganyela (MOI). Empeleni, imise imithetho elawula indlela inkampani eziphatha ngayo. Sibone ama-SME amaningi angaqondi ukuthi i-MOI iyini, ngakho sihlinzeke ngencazelo: Kubalulekile ukuyifunda nokuyiqonda i-MOI. Ngokwe-SAICA, i-MOI ithi “amalungelo, imisebenzi namajoka abanikazi bezabelo, abaqondisi kanye nezinye izinkampani, lapho inkampani ihlanganiswe eMthethweni (noma lapho inkampani ebeyikhona ngaphambilini ihlelwe futhi yalawulwa ngaphambi kosuku okwaqala ukusebenza uMthetho ngalo)” Yethula imiyalelo lapho okumbalwa- okuhlonzwe eMthethweni - kungashintshwa yinkampani njengokufisa kwayo, inqobo uma lokhu kuhambisana noMthetho. Ungakwazi nokulanda uMthetho Wezinkampani, 2008 ogcwele ku-: www.cipc.co.za 152 AMAGAMA EZOMTHETHO EBHIZINISI

BUSINESS LAWCONCEPTSEZINYE IZINHLOBO ZEZINHLAKA ZAMA BHIZINISI ONGABA NAZO:Abantu abaningi bakholwa ukuthi, uma beqala ibhizinisi, kumele babhalise ibhizinisi labo njengenkampani(Pty noma Inc) ku-CIPC, ngaphambi kokuba baqale ukusebenza. Lokhu akusilo iqiniso ngokugcwele.Ngaphambi kokuqala ibhizinisi, kudingeka ubhalise uhlobo lohlaka lwebhizinisi okumele uthathe isinqumongalo. Bheka ukuthi uhlele ukukhula kanjani, cabanga ngokudidayo okwazi ukukulawula kusaqalwa nomaukuthi ngabe amaklayenti akho adinga ukuthi ibhizinisi lakho libhaliswe ngokugcwele ne-CIPC noma cha.Uma uthatha isinqumo esidingekayo sokubhalisa njengenkampani noma njengamadlelandawonye ne-CIPC, ibhizinisi lakho lisebenza njengomuntu osebhizinisini ngayedwana noma njenge-partnership.Yize kungabhaliswanga ne-CIPC njengenkampani ezimele (noma engenzi nzuzo), abanye abahwebiabasebhizinisini ngabodwana kanye nama-partnership bangase babhalise kwenye indawo. Isibonelo, bangasebafise ukubhalisa igama lebhizinisi labo, uhlobo lwebhizinisi noma ukuthi likuphi. Bangase badinge ilayisenseyebhizinisi, badinge ukubhalisa kumasipala wendawo; noma bafise ukuba yingxenye yophiko olulawulayoembonini abakuyo. UMHWEBI OSEBHIZINISINI NGAYEDWANA: Ngokomthetho, umhwebi osebhizinisini ngayedwana kanye nomnikazi kuyefana. Umnikazi kanye nebhizinisi kungumuntu oyedwa. Isibonelo esijwayelekile somhwebi osebhizinisini ngayedwana, umuntu osebenza ewuzimele-gelekeqe.1 Uhlaka olulula. 1 Ibhizinisi kanye nomnikazi walo kuthathwa2 Ungaqala zibekwa nje njengomuntu oyedwa. Ngakho umnikazi uthwala3 Akudingeki ukuthi ubhalise i-CIPC, ijoka lebhizinisi uma libekwa icala noma liphelelwa imali. Lokhu kusho ukuthi impahla kamnikazi ngqo ngakho akukho zindleko - njengomuzi womndeni wakhe- kungadliwa uma4 Ibhizinisi kanye nengeniso likamnikazi kungase kuvele izinkinga. kuthathwa ngokuthi kukodwa futhi 2 Ukutholela ibhizinisi lakho uxhaso kunzima akukhokhiswa intela ngokwahlukana kakhulu futhi kugcina kulokho okungatholwa5 Kulula ukuvala ibhizinisi umnikazi ngokuqondene naye.Okuhle Okubi 153AMAGAMA EZOMTHETHO EBHIZINISI

I-PARTNERSHIP:Njengomhwebi osebhizinisini ngayedwana, i-partnership kudingeka ibe yibhizinisi elibhaliswengokusemthethweni. Kodwa ngenxa yokuthi isivumelwano se-partnership sithokozela isimo sezomthethoesicacile. Isibalo sabantu abavumelekile ukwakha i-partnership sisuka kwababili kuya kwabangama-20okungumkhawulo. Isabelo sophathini ebhizinisini sisuselwa ephesentini okuvunyelwene ngokuthikuzokwahlukaniswa ngalo. Lokhu kumele kuqukathwe esivumelwaneni se-partnership. Inzuzo yebhizinisikanye nokulahlekelwa kwabelwana ngakho ngokufanayo nephesenti okuvunyelwene ngalo. Uphathiningamunye unejoka lentela yakhe.1 Ubungozi ebhizinisini budluliselwa 1 Ukungaphathwa ngokufanele kwebhizinisi kubo bonke ophathini. uphathini oyedwa kunomthelela kwabanye ophathini.2 Kululana ukuthola uxhaso, ngoba baningi abantu abathwala 2 I-partnership iyefana nebhizinisi lomuntu ubungozi. oyedwa (umhwebi osebhizinisiniOkuhle ngayedwana), okusho ukuthi bonke Okubi ophathini banejoka lokulahlekelwa nezikweletu eziqondana nabo ngqo. 154 AMAGAMA EZOMTHETHO EBHIZINISI

BUSINESS LAWCONCEPTSUKUTHOLA IZAZIMTHETHOUkuqasha izazimthetho kungadida, ikakhulukazi uma ungakaze uyisebenzise imisebenzi yezomthetho. Kuhleukuba nesazimthetho oxhumene naso uma uqhuba ibhizinisi. Ungase ungayidingi njalo imisebenzi yabo,kodwa zikhona izinkathi lapho uzothola ukuthi udinga izeluleko zochwepheshe. ENingizimu Afrika sinabamelibasemajajini kanye nabameli, kodwa njengomnikazi webhizinisi odinga iseluleko sezomthetho, ungadingaimisebenzi yommeli kuphela.YINI UMMELI?Ummeli, umuntu omelwe i-Law Society of South Africa futhi bayakwazi ukuhlolwa bese bezimela gelekeqe.Abameli bangabasebenzi bomthetho futhi abenza imisebenzi yezomthetho eminingi, ebandakanyaukuphatha amacala ezomthetho nokubhekana ngqo namaklayenti.Ungamutholaphi ummeli? 1 Qala uzwe kubantu oxhumene nabo ukuthi abekho na abangakudlulisela kubo noma abangakuncomela bona. 2 I-Law Society of South Africa: www.lssa.org.za. Kukhona inqwaba yabameli abasemikhakheni ehlukene yezomthetho abawochwepheshe kuyo. Iwebhusayithi ikuvumela ukuthi ufune ummeli endaweni ethandwa nguwe futhi ikunika imininingwane yokuxhumana. 3 Inkomba yaku-inthanethi yabameli: www.attorneys.co.za. Lapho ungakhetha abameli, ngokwemikhakha yezomthetho ethintekayo. Uzoqondiswa ngqo efemini yomthetho efanele izidingo zakho. FINYELELA KWEZOMTHETHO ESIKHONA NOGAZITHOLA 155AMAGAMA EZOMTHETHO EBHIZINISI

UMA UNGENAYO IMALI YOKUKHOKHELA UMMELI, AMABHIZINISI AMANCANE ANGASEBENZISAIZINHLOBO ZOSIZO EZAHLUKENE UKUZE BASIZAKALE: IZIKHUNGO ZOMTHETHO ZASEMANYUVESI: - Zihlinzekwa amafakhalthi ezomthetho emanyuvesi ahlukene ezweni - Kuncike ezidingweni zeklayenti, izikhungo zomthetho zinenqwaba yeminyango yezomthetho ongadluliselwa kuyo ISIKHUNGO SEZINSIZA ZOMTHETHO: - Inhlangano engenzi nzuzo ezimele ehlinzeka ngemisebenzi yezomthetho kubantu nemiphakathi empofu, abangenamakhaya kanye nabangenawo umhlaba: www.lrc.org.za IMISEBENZI EMAHHALA EHLINZEKWA ABAMELI: WWW.PROBONO.ORG.ZA UHLELO LOKUBONISA KOKUQALA, LAPHO UKUBONISANA NOMMELI OKOKUQALA KUBA MAHHALA UMSHWALENSE WEZOMTHETHO: I-LEGAL WISE INGENYE YEZINKAMPANI EZIPHUMA PHAMBILI ENINGIZIMU AFRIKA NJENGENKAMPANI YOMSHWALENSE WWW.LEGALWISE.CO.ZA 156 AMAGAMA EZOMTHETHO EBHIZINISI

BUSINESS LAWCONCEPTS INKANTOLO YAMACALA EMALI ENCANE: - “Eyezicelo zezinxephezelo ezingeqile kuzi-R15 000. Itholakala Enkantolo kaMantshi, akukhokhwa zindleko ngokuvela enkantolo. Kodwa uzokhokhiswa izindleko zokuposa incwadi yokubizela inkokhelo kanye nesikhonzi senkantolo esizohambisa amasamanisi. Abameli abasetshenziswa enkantolo, kodwa bangasetshenziselwa iseluleko mayelana nodaba lwakho. Qaphela ukuthi Izinkantolo zaMacala Emali Encane azisetshenziswa uwonkewonke. NgokukaBert Van Hees: “Umthetho wezinkantolo zamacala emali encane awubandakanyi, njengomfakisicelo, umuntu ngokomthetho, njengezinkampani, ama-close corporations, izinhlangano zezinkampani, ama-partnership ahlanganyelwe kanye namathrasti (athathwa njengabantu ngokomthetho kwezinye izinkathi). Uhlelo luvulelekele bonke abanye abantu, okubandakanya ama-partnership ebhizinisi angathathwa ngokuthi ahlanganyelwe, kanye nabaqhubi bamabhizinisi ngabodwana.” (Kuthathwe: Indlela inkantolo yamacala emali encane esebenza ngayo, “http://www.iol.co.za” wwww.iol.co.za; 03 Dis 2014.) IZIKHUNGO ZOMTHETHO: - Zinegunya lokusiza ekuxazululeni izimpikiswano zomthetho. Zivame ukubiza kancane kunezinkantolo futhi izimpikiswano zixazululwa ngokushesha. Izikhungo zomthetho zasungulwa ngokomthetho. Izibonelo Umkhandlu Wokubuyisana, Ukungenelela Nokuxazulula (Council for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration (CCMA)) noma abaxazululi abehlukene, njengoMxazululi Wemisebenzi Yasebhange. 157AMAGAMA EZOMTHETHO EBHIZINISI

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UMTHETHOWEZOBUHLAKANIUbuhlakani bungachazwa kalula ngokuthi ubunikazi bemibono. Ngokwe-entrepreneur.com, ubuhlakani iqoqolemibono namasu. Akufani nempahla ephathekayo engaba eyebhizinisi lakho, bona buvame ukungaphatheki.Kunezindlela ezintathu ongavikela ngazo imibono namasu owasunguliwe: ngokusebenzisa uphawu lohwebo,iphethenti noma ilungelo lokukopisha.UPHAWU LOHWEBO:Uphawu lohwebo olubhaliswe igama, okubhaliwe, uphawu noma ilogo okuhlonzwa ngakho umu(imi)khiqizowenkampani ethile. Akekho omunye umuntu ongalusebenzisela imikhiqizo efanayo.1 Luvikela umnikazi webhizinisi kanye/noma isi(izi) 2 Lwehlukanisa impahla noma hlonzankampani kwabanye abantu ekulusebenziseleni imisebenzi yakho kweyelinye ibhizinisi. imikhiqizo efana ncamashi noma efanayo, impahla noma ibhizinisi.3 Lungaba yisithombe esehlukanisa impahla 4 Luvikela umnikazi wophawu lohwebo, kanye/ noma imisebenzi olusetshenziswa kuyo onelungelo okungelakhe kuphela kunempahla kanye/ noma imisebenzi efanayo lokusebenzisa uphawu lohwebo ukuhlonza impahla kanye/noma nemisebenzi yakhe.5 Kumele lukwazi “ukwahlukanisa” inkampani 6 Igama lenkampani nelomuntu kanye nempahla noma nemisebenzi njengalokho alamukeleki uma kubhaliswa okudingekayo okuyisisekelo uma kubhaliswa. uphawu lohwebo.7 Lulawulwa uMthetho Wophawu Lohwebo, 8 UMthetho Wophawu Lohwebo, nokho, uvikela 1993 (uMthetho No. 194 ka 1993) futhi impahla kanye/noma imisebenzi engangeni kusemqoka ukuthi uphawu lohwebo ngaphansi kwamazinga kodwa efanayo ukuze lusetshenziselwe ukubhalisa izinga abathengi bangadideki noma bangalahlekiswa. elifanele emazingeni angama-45 empahla Bheka uMthetho Welungelo Lokukopisha, kanye/noma emisebenzi ahlinzekiwe. 1978 (uMthetho No. 98 ka 1978), kanye9 Izimpawu zohwebo zibhaliselwa noMthetho Wempahla Ewumbombayi. iminyaka eyi-10 futhi zingavuselelelwa eminye iminyaka 10 Okokugcina: Izimpawu zohwebo ezingabhalisiwe, eyi-10, kuncike ekutheni uphawu noma ezingena ngaphansi komthetho kawonkewonke, luqhubeke nokusetshenziswa futhi zingavikeleka ekusetshenzisweni ngendlela engemthetho. lungabi sesimweni sokususwa Ukusetshenziswa ngokungemthetho kwenzeka lapho ngaphansi koMthetho. Izimpawu umphakathi ulahlekiswa umnikazi wophawu lokuhweba. zohwebo ezibhalisiwe zingavikelwa Izimpawu zohwebo zomthetho kawonkewonke zibiza ngokugcwele kuncike ekutheni ukuthi umnikazi abe nobufakazi ngomlando wenqubo zivuselelwe njalo eminyakeni eyi-10. yophawu lohwebo, okuzodla isikhathi futhi kumbe eqolo. Uphawu lohwebo olubhalisiwe aludingi ubufakazi futhi ngenxa yalokho kulula ukulusebenzisa. 161UMTHETHO WEZOBUHLAKANI

IPHETHENTI Yini iphethenti? Ilungelo elikhethekile noma ilayisense evela kuhulumeni yomkhiqizo omusha noma yenqubo yokusungula. Lokhu kusungula kungaba indlela entsha yokwenza; indlela entsha yokwenza noma isisombululo sezobuchwepheshe esisha. Iphethenti ivikela umnikazi wephethenti yokusungula. Ngokwewebhusayithi ye-DTI, lokhu kusho ukuthi “okusunguliwe akukwazi ukukhiqizelwa uhwebo, ukusetshenziswa, ukusatshalaliswa noma ukudayiswa ngaphandle kwemvume kamnikazi wephethenti”. Ukuvikelwa kutholakala emthethweni wethu lapho umsunguli noma umakhi efaka isicelo sephethenti echaza imininingwane ngokubhaliwe, noma ekhiqize isifanekiso sokuqala, futhi wasethula ngokwenqubo egcwele yoMthetho Wamaphethenti WaseNingizimu Afrika (No. 57 ka 1978).Iphethenti ilisiza kanjani ibhizinisi lakho? Iphethenti ngingayifaka kuphi?Ngumnikazi wephethenti kuphela ovumeleke Isicelo sephethenti sifakwa eHhovisi lePhethenti,ukudayisa, ukwazisa noma ukuxhaphaza akusungulile elilawulwa kangcono uchwepheshe emkhakheni,(okungaba umkhiqizo noma inqubo), okuvikela njengommeli wamaphethenti. Welulekwaibhizinisi lakho kubancintisani abangafuna ukukopela, ukuthi uthole iseluleko sezomthetho uma wakhaukuxhaphaza noma ukwakha okusungulile ngenye Isifanekiso Sesikhashana noma Esiphelele.indlela. Empeleni, ibhizinisi lakho kuphela elingazuza Uma ngibhalisa iphethenti eNingizimu Afrika,izinzuzo ezingokomnotho zombono wakho ngesikhathi yaziswa emhlabeni jikelele?sephethenti. Iphethenti ebhaliswe eNingizimu Afika ingenaOmuphi umthetho oyilawulayo? ngaphansi Kwesivumelwano SokusebenzisanaUkubhaliswa kwamaphethenti kulawulwa uMthetho Ngamaphethenti (Patent Cooperation TreatyWamaphethenti. Okudingekayo okuyisisekelo ukuthi (PCT)), esasungulelwa ukumisa unqandaokusunguliwe kube kusha, kubandakanye izigaba ukuphindaphindeka komsebenzi okudingekayozokusungula futhi kube yikho kodwa okubhaliswe uma ufuna ukusungula umbono wakhonjengephethenti. ngokwephethenti kwamanye amazwe.Iphethenti ihlala isikhathi esingakanani? Njengamanje kunamazwe ayi-148 ayingxenyeIphethenti ihlala eminyaka engama-20 kusukela yalesi sivumelwano. Isifanekiso Esiphelele.ngosuku lokufaka isicelo sayo. Ngazi kanjani ukuthi ukuthola iphethentiIngabe kudingeka ngiyivuselele? kuyinto efanele okumele yenziwe?Yebo, kudingeka ivuselelwe minyaka yonke (futhi Lokhu akusiso isinqumo okumele sithathwekukhokhwe) ukuze ugcine iphetheni isebenza. kancane ngoba inqubo yokugunyazwaUkuvuselela kudingeka kwenziwe minyaka yonke kwephethenti imba eqolo. Kuningi okumelengaphambi kokuphela konyaka wesithathu kucutshungulwe, kodwa okwamanje, sizogxilakusukela ngosuku eyafakwa ngayo. ezimweni zezomnotho. Bheka imbuyiselo yezomnotho: qala ngokulinganisa (ngokweqiniso) inzuzo ezongena ngokusungulile. Bese ubheke ubungozi obujwayelekile kwezamabhizinisi bese ukuqhathanisa nezindleko zokuthola iphethenti. 162 UMTHETHO WEZOBUHLAKANI

UMTHETHOWEZOBUHLAKANI UMUMO UMthetho Womumo Umumo obhalisiwe eNingizimu Afrika ulawulwa uMthetho Womumo (No. 195 ka 1993) Uyini umumo (ngokoMthetho Womumo) UMthetho Womumo ubhekela umumo ominxa mibili- njengelogo noma, isibonelo, iphethini yomkhiqizo- kanye nomumo ominxa mithathu- njengomumo wemikhiqizo. Imithetho esebenza ekubhalisweni komumo Ngokwewebhusayithi ye-CIPC, kukhona izinhlobo ezimbili zomumo ezingabhaliswa, futhi zichazwa ngendlela elandelayo: Umumo Wokuthandabuhle: Kudingeka ube musha futhi ube ngowokuqala ngendlela omi ngayo, ukuhleleka noma ukuhlotshiswa Kumele ukwazi ukukhiqizwa ngokwenqubo yezimboni Umumo Osebenzayo: Kudingeka ube musha futhi ungajwayeleki Lapho ukuma noma ukuhleleka kudingeka ngokomsebenzi Kumele ukwazi ukukhiqizwa ngokwenqubo yezimboni Umthombo: www.cipc.co.za Abasunguli bomumo kumele bafake isicelo sokusungula umumo ehhovisi lomumo ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa kwempahla enalowo mumo isetshenziswe, idayiswe noma ikhishelwe ukudayiselwa umphakathi. 163UMTHETHO WEZOBUHLAKANI

ILUNGELO LOKUKOPISHA ©Yini ilungelo lokukipisha?“Ilungelo lokukopisha ilungelo elikhethekile elitholakala ngokomthetho okungelesikhathi esithile elinikwaumbhali, umakhi womumo, njll. ngenxa yomsebenzi awusungulile.” - www.cipc.co.zaLingena ngaphansi komuphi umthetho?Lingena ngaphansi koMthetho Welungelo Lokukopisha (No. 98 ka 1978), owabhalelwa ukuvikela ilungelolokukopisha okudlulela emikhiqizweni eminingi enhlobonhlobo.Ingabe ilungelo lokukopisha kumele libhaliswe?Cha. Yilo kuphela uhlobo lobuhlakani okungadingeki ukuthi lubhaliswe.Yini eyenza umsebenzi othile ufaneleke ukuba nelungelo lokukopisha?Umsebenzi kumele kube ngowokuqala futhi ngandlela thize ube ngobhaliswe noma oqoshiwe futhikubandakanya ukusakaza kanye nezinhlelo ezisebenza ngesigneli.Ngemiphi imisebenzi engena ngaphansi kwelungelo lokukopisha?ENingizimu Afrika, imisebenzi elandelayo ifanelwe ukuthola ilungelo lokukopisha:o Imisebenzi efundwayo njengezindaba, izinkulumo, izinkondlo, izincwadio Umsebenzi womculoo Umsebenzi wamaciko njengokubaziwe, izithombe, imidwebo kapendeo Amafilimu asemabhayisikobhoo Okusakazwayo (okulalelwayo nokubukwayo)o Izinhlelo zekhompyuthaIlungelo lokukopisha lisebenza isikhathi esingakanani? Ubani omunye ongazuza ngokutholakala kwelungelo lokukopisha?Isikhathi sokuhlala kwelungelo lokukopisha sivameukuba side kodwa sehluka ngokwezigaba zomsebenzi Ilungelo lokuzuza ngelungelo lokukopisha kubaobhalwe kuMthetho Welungelo Lokukopisha. ngelikamsunguli kuphela ngokujwayelekile, kuthiAmalungelo okukopisha umsebenzi obhaliwe isib. lapho eshona lingathola izindlalifa zakhe njengefa.incwadi, lihlala iminyaka engama-50 kusukela ekushoneni Umnikazi welungelo lokukopisha angatholakombhali. Kumafilimu, kuba iminyaka engama-50 ilayisense yokusetshenziswa kwalo, noma adayise,kusukela ngonyaka okwakhishwa ngawo ifilimu noma amanye alawa malungelo noma kunini.elenziwa ngalo, uma belingakakhishwa, ukuze libukweumphakathi. 164 UMTHETHO WEZOBUHLAKANI

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AMASU OHLELOLOKENZA IBHIZINISIUHLELO OLULULA LOKUBHALA UHLELO LWEBHIZINISIKungani udinga uhlelo lwebhizinisi futhi uludinga nini? 1 Uhlelo luveza ukuthi uyaliqonda na ibhizinisi lakho, uyazi ukuthi liyaphi nokuthi kudingekani ukuze uliphumelelise 2 Uma udinga uhlelo lwebhizinisi lakho ukuze likhule futhi liphumelele 3 Uyaludinga uma ufaka isicelo soxhasomali 4 Ukwethulela abatshalimali noma abantu ongase ubambisane nabo ebhizinisini 5 Ukuchazela inhlangano yakho ukuthi ibhizinisi libheke ngakuphiUHLAKA LOHLELO LWEBHIZINISI (OLUQANJIWE)QAPHELA: Kukhona izindlela nezinhlaka zokubhala uhlelo lwebhizinisi eziningi ezitholakalayo ngaphandle.LOKHU KUNGUMHLAHLANDLELA KUPHELA. Sincoma ukuthi ubheke olwehlukile oluzofanela ibhizinisi nomaimboni yakho! Siphakamisa nokuthi uma ufuna uxhaso - uthola ukuthi yiluphi uhlaka lohlelo lwebhizinisi,oludingwa isikhungo esixhasayo.Isifinyezo Iqhingasu Lezokwazisa Izithasiselo Nesu Lokudayisa Imikhiqizo Ukuphathwa Nemisebenzi Kwengcuphe Imboni, Izinhlelo Zebhizinisi Uhlelo Izimakethe (okubandakanya Lwezezimali Nokucubungula imisebenzi Incazelo Ukuncintisana nesikhungo)Yenkampani(Yebhizinisi) 167AMASU OHLELO LOKENZA IBHIZINISI

ULWAZI OLUDINGEKA ESIGABENI NGASINYEISIFINYEZOi. Lokhu kuyisifinyezo esididiyele sohlelo lwebhizinisi esigcweleii. Uhlelo lwebhizinisi oluncane - liqukathwa emakhasini Angengaphezu kweli-1 kuya kwama-2!IQHINGA BHALA LESI SIGABA EKUGCINENI, UMA SEWUQEDILE UKUBHALA UHLELO LWAKHO OLUGCWELE!INCAZELO YENKAMPANIHlinzeka ngesifinyezo ngebhizinisi lakho Usuka kuphi, wenzani njengemanje futhi uhlela ukuba kuphieminyakeni emi-3 kuya kwemi-5 ezayo. Izigatshana eziwumhlahlandlela wakho:i. Incazelo Ngebhizinisi: Igama, Indawo, Umsebenzi, Imboniii. Ubunikazi / Uhlelomumoiii. Isifinyezo Ngethimba EliphetheIQHINGA KHULUMA NGABAHOLI BEBHIZINISI LAKHO, BHALA KAFUSHANE NGESIPILIYONI NAMAKHONOiv. Impokophelo / Umbono Webhizinisiv. Izimpokophelo / Imigomo Yebhizinisi EnzuluIQHINGA LOKHU KUMELE KUBE S.M.A.R.T. – KUCACILE KUYALINGANISEKA KUYAFINYELELEKA KUNGOKWEQINISO FUTHI KUHAMBISANA NESIKHATHI 168 AMASU OHLELO LOKENZA IBHIZINISI

AMASU OHLELOLOKENZA IBHIZINISI iMikhiqizo nemisebenzi Chaza imisebenzi/imikhiqizo yakho ngokusobala, uhlonze okukhethekile ngakho kanye nezinzuzo ezitholwa amakhasimende: IQHINGA NIKEZA ULWAZI OLUBANZI NGEBHIZINISO OLWENZAYO i. Chaza Umkhiqizo NOMA Umsebenzi owuhlinzekayo? ii. Ngeyiphi inzuzo nokubalulekile okutholwa Ikhasimende? iii. Bandakanya noma yimuphi umkhiqizo omusha noma umsebenzi ohlela ukuwethula iv. Umkhiqizo noma umsebenzi ukusiphi isigaba sokwakhiwa? iMboni, iMakethe nokucutshungulwa kwalabo oncintisana nabo i. Balula imboni / umkhakha osebenza kuwo ii. Balula okuqhubeka ezimakethe okubalulekile kanjalo nokwenzekayo okungagqamile iii. Amakhasimende akho angobani? (Ukwahlukaniswa kwamakhasimende) iv. Uncintisana nobani futhi wena umi kuphi uma uziqhathanisa nabo. iQhingasu lezokwazisa nesu lokudayisa i. Iqhingasu Nohlelo Lwezokwazisa ii. Iqhingasu Lokudayisa iii. Iqhingasu Lokuklama Amanani iv. Ukuqagula Ukudayisa olubNaikonelzzwianegnuezlwbahyaiozziiniso 169AMASU OHLELO LOKENZA IBHIZINISI

iZinhlelo zebhizinisi (okubandakanya uhlaka lokusebenza nolwesikhungo)Hlinzeka ngamazwana afingqiwe amayelana nesikhungo; ijoka lethimba; izidingo zabasebenzi kanyenobuchwepheshe obudingekayo kanye nohlaka lwemisebenzi yebhizinisi.IQHINGA BANDAKANYA UHLELOMUMO, ISIBONELO: - CEO - M. Ndlovu OPERATIONS FINANCE E. Smith J. KhanPROJECTS MARKETING ACCOUNTSii. Amazwana afingqiwe Ngesu eliqondene nobambisene nabo kanye nabahlinzekiiii. Amazwana afingqiwe empahla yebhizinisi ewumongo; isofthiwe nempahlaiv. Amazwana afingqiwe enqubo yebhizinisi isib. izinhlelo zokuphatha isikweletu njll. 170 AMASU OHLELO LOKENZA IBHIZINISI

AMASU OHLELOLOKENZA IBHIZINISIUkuphathwa kwengcupheInhloso yalesi sigaba, ukugqamisa noma yiziphi izingcuphe ezikhona nezingase zibe khona ebhizinisini,nokuthi izinhlelo zokubhekana nazo zinjani. Ngaso sonke isikhathi khumbula ukuveza ukuthiuzongenelela kanjani engcupheni. Isibonelo:Ingcuphe UkungenelelaIzingozi emsebenzini Ukuqeqeshelwa Umsebenzi kanye Nomshwalense okukhonaUhlelo lwezezimaliUhlelo lwakho lwebhizinisi kungenzeka ukuthi kube yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni lwakholwebhizinisi. Kumele uqinisekise ukuthi lungolwesimo sangempela futhi konke okucatshangwayokubonakaliswa ngezinombolo, kucaciswe ngokusobala. Okulandelayo kuyadingeka ohlelwenilwezezimali lwakho:i. Uma usebhizinisini elikhona: bandakanya umlando Wezezimali wakhoii. Inzuzo Nokulahlekelwa Okuqagulwayo (iminyaka emi-3 kuya kwemi-5)iii. IBhalansi shidiiv. Ukucutshungulwa kokwahlukaniselana ngokulinganav. Ukuqagulwa Kokungenisa imali ezinyangeni ezi-12vi. Uma usebhizinisini eliqalayo: bala izindleko ezisuka phansi ziya phezuluvii. Uma kudingeka: isamba soxhaso esidingekayoiZithasiseloBandakanya imibhalo ewubufakazi yokwengezela kuzithasiselo isibonelo:i. Ama-CV ethimba lezokuphathaii. Imininingwane egcwele yezezimaliiii. Imibhalo eyinkombaiv. Izinkontileka ezibalulekile njll.Amasayithi ohlelo lwebhizinisi aku-inthanethi:Siyazi ukuthi ukubhala uhlelo lwebhizinisi akusiwo umsebenzi olula, ikakhulukazi uma ulubhalaokokuqala. Sithole izinsiza zohlelo lwebhizinisi ku-inthanethi, ezikusiza ukwakha uhlelo lwebhizinisinokuqonda okudingekayo.1. Liveplan : www.liveplan.com2. Bplans: www.bplans.com (inamasampula ohlelo lwebhizinisi evile kuma-500)3. SMEToolkit: http://southafrica.smetoolkit.org/sa/en4. Standard Bank’s Bizconnect: http://bizconnect.standardbank.co.za/start/business-planning/reference-documents/business-plan-template.aspx 171AMASU OHLELO LOKENZA IBHIZINISI

172AMASU OHLELO LOKENZA IBHIZINISI

AMASU OHLELOLOKENZA IBHIZINISI10 AMAQHINGA ALULA OKWENZA UHLELO LWEBHIZINISI LWAKHO LUGQAME1 [ Yiba nombhalo obukeka UNOBUCHWEPHESHE,] UKUBA LULA [Nika UCHWEPHESHE umbhalo wakho ukuze akubhekele,] ngoba NOKUCABANGA abantu bathatha isinqumo besawubheke kanye umbhalo. Iba NGOKUJWAYELEKILE nekhasi eliyisembozo; uhlu lokuqukethwe; izinombolo zamakhasi KUMELE njll. futhi wazise umthombo wolwazi (ongesiwo owakho). KUBONAKALE Qinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo lwakho luphelele: ukuthi zonke izigaba NGOKUHLELA KANYE nokudingekayo kuyabandakanywa. NENDLELA YESU2 Sebenzisa UHLELO LOLIMI OLUYILO futhi uzame UKUNCIPHISA - INGVAR KAMPRAD AMAPHUTHA ngamandla akho wonke. Okucatshangwayo UMSUNGULI WE-IKEA kuyiqiniso, futhi ufuna ukugwema ukuthi umuntu acabange ukuthi “uhlelo olugcwele amaphutha lusho ukuthi ibhizinisi LWEZE LUBE eligcwele amaphutha”! Buza noma khokhela umuntu ukuze NGOLUKANGOTI akufundele umbhalo wakho ophelele ukuze athole amaphutha. FUTHI LUBE LULA.3 Sebenzisa ulimi OLULULA futhi ugweme amatemu nolimi oludidayo olungase ludide umfundi. Zibuze ukuthi uma ugogo wami engafunda lolu hlelo, angakwazi na ukuqonda engizama ukukusho?VEZA ULWAZI NESIPILIYONI SAKHO4 WENA – abatshalimali nabaxhasi bafuna ukwazi ngawe njengomnikazi webhizinisi. Dlulisa ulwazi olufanele, impumelelo kanye nemfundo okubalulekile - okuzokwenza bakholwe ukuthi ungumuntu ofanele wukuqhuba ibhizinisi nokuthi imali yabo abayisebenzele kanzima bayifaka ezandleni ezizokwazi ukusebenza.5 ITHIMBA - veza ukuthi unabantu abafanele ethimbeni lakho, abanamakhono nesipiliyoni esifanele.6 Veza ULWAZI olujulile embonini yakho, okungase kwenzeke ezimakethe, oncintisana nabo namakhasimende kanjalo nengcuphe engase ibe khona ebhizinisini. 173AMASU OHLELO LOKENZA IBHIZINISI

INGABE IKHONA IMALI (INANI) EBHIZINISINI?7 Veza ISIDINGO somkhiqizo noma umsebenzi wakho ezimakethe. Veza ukuthi uhlangabezana nesidingo futhi abantu bazimisele ngokukhokha. Uma uke waqhuba uhlelo lokuhlola ukwenzeka komsebenzi, faka imiphumela njengobufakazi noma uma unenkontileka engase ibe khona - cela iklayenti likubhalele ‘incwadi yenhloso’ ukuze uyibandakanye ohlelweni lwebhizinisi lakho.8 Abatshalimali nabaxhasi bafuna ukuqonda izindlela owakha ngayo ezingemuva kwalokho okuqagulayo, ngakho-ke veza konke UKUQAGULA okwenzile.9 EZEZIMALI kumele ziqonde ngqo, zibe ngezempela futhi ziphelele. Bandakanya umlando womsebenzi kanye nesitatimende sengeniso eqaguliwe, ibhalansi shidi, ucwaningo lokulinganisa kanye nesabelomali semali engenayo nephumayo sanyangazonke (ezinyangeni eziyi-12 ezizayo) kanye nezibalo zezimali ezibalulekile. Uma usebhizinisini elisaqala, hlinzeka ngezibalo zakho zezimali ezisuka phansi ziya phezulu futhi uqinisekise ukuthi weseka okuhlawumbiselayo ngemininingo ekholekayo.10 Uma ucela uxhasomali, cela INANI LEMALI ELIFANELE. Qaphela ukuthi ungaceli eningi kakhulu noma encane kakhulu. 174 AMASU OHLELO LOKENZA IBHIZINISI

ISAHLUKO 16AMAKHONOOKWENZAIZETHULO 175AMAKHONO OKWENZA IZETHULO

176AMAKHONO OKWENZA IZETHULO

AMAKHONOOKWENZA IZETHULONoma ngabe uzohlinzeka ngezethulo zendlela yokudayisa noma isicelo sezimali kumxhasi ongaseaxhase - ukwazi indlela yokwethula wena nebhizinisi kuyikhono elibalulekile okumele ube nalonjengomnikazi webhizinisi. Sihlinzeke ngamaqhinga ambalwa okwenza izethulo, kodwa khumbulaukuthi njenganoma yiliphi ikhono ozama ukulithola; ukuzama kwenza uphumelele.AMAQHINGA ALULA OKUMELE UWAKHUMBULE UMA WEZA IZETHULO! ENZA UCWANINGO NGESIHLOKO SAKHO - Kuzokwenza ube nolwazi oluningi futhi uzethembe esihlokweni sakho AZI ABANTU OZOKHULUMA KUBO - Azi izethameli zakho futhi wenze inkulumo yakho ibafanele - Hlela isikhathi sakho - Qinisekisa ukuthi uyazi ukuthi isethulo sakho uzosenza isikhathi esingakanani - Qedela inkulumo yakho ngesikhathi esifanele UHLAKA LWESETHULO - Iba nohlaka lwesethulo oluqondakalayo noluhlelekile - Enza lube lula - Iba nesethulo, ingqikithi kanye nesiphetho LUNGISA AMANOTHI - Amanothi azoba umhlahlandlela ngesikhathi wenza isethulo - Sebenzisa amakhadi okukukhumbuza - Bhala phansi okubalulekile. Ungabhali phansi sonke isethulo sakho ZILUNGISELELE, ZILUNGISELELE, ZILUNGISELELE! - Ukuzilungiselela nokuzama kuyaphumelelisa! - Zilungiselele usho inkulumo yakho phambi kwabangani, umndeni nesibuko BUKEKA UHLONIPHEKILE - Gqoka futhi uziphathe ngendlela efanele! - Abantu kumele bagxile enkulumweni yakho hhayi kuwe 177AMAKHONO OKWENZA IZETHULO

IZWI ELIZWAKALAYO - Khuluma ngokucacile futhi ungasheshisi - Lungisa iphimbo lakho uzame ukulikhipha lizwakale - Ungakhulumi ngendlela eyodwa OKUSHIWO UMZIMBA WAKHO - Zethembe futhi ukhululeke - Ima uqonde futhi uphakamise isilevu - MUSA ukuthintathinta izinto uzibisa noma usonge izandla, udlalise izinyawo, unqekuzise umzimba, njll. - Sebenzisa izimpawu zezandla ezilula - Amehlo akho makahlangane nawezithameli (ungabheki ophahleni noma phansi) NGALOLO SUKU - Fika ngesikhathi ukuze ubone igumbi ozokwethulela kulo - Phefumula udonse uphinde ufake umoya ukuze unciphise ukwesaba - Ungakhohlwa ukubingelela izithameli zakho - Linda ukuze wonke umuntu ahlale phansi futhi uqaphele ngaphambi kokuba uqale - MOYIZELA - Uma wenza iphutha noma udideka- donsa umoya, bheka amanothi akho bese uqhubeka - Khumbula ukugcina isikhathi osinikwe (awufuni ukuthi isethulo sakho sinqanyulwe) - Ekugcineni, khumbula ukubonga bonke abantu futhi ubuze ukuthi ingabe ikhona imibuzoIMITHOMBO:1 Imigomo eyi-8 ebalulekile yokukhuluma esidlangaleni http://www.slideshare.net/activepresence/8-golden-rules-for- public-speaking2 Indlela yokwenza ngcono amakhono okwethula inkulumo http://www.wikihow.com/Improve-Your-Presentation-Skills3 Indlela yokunyakazisa umzimba lapho usesiteji wethula inkulumo esidlangaleni http://www.activepresence.com/blog/stage-body-language-for- public-speaking 178 AMAKHONO OKWENZA IZETHULO

ISAHLUKO 17UKUHLINZEKELAAMAKHASIMENDE 179UKUHLINZEKELA AMAKHASIMENDE

180UKUHLINZEKELA AMAKHASIMENDE

UKUHLINZEKELAAMAKHASIMENDE“IBHIZINISI ALIKHO MAYELANA NAWE; LIMAYELANA NEBHIZINISI. LIMAYELANA NALOKHOAMAKHASIMENDE AKHO ABHEKANA NAKHO NGEMIKHIQIZO YAKHO. KHUMBULA UKUTHIUBANI OSEBENZELA BANI EBUDLELWANENI.” - (STEVE TOBAK)IMIPHUMELA YOKUHLINZEKA IKHASIMENDE NGOMSEBENZI OMUHLE EBHIZINISINI LAKHO A Amakhasimende ahamba ejabulile B Ayakuncoma kwabanye abantu C Akhuluma kahle ngawe D Abuya ephindelela E Kubiza inani elincane kunokwazisaAMAQHINGA OKUTHUTHUKISA INDLELA YOKUHLINZEKELA AMAKHASIMENDE 1 BONISANA FUTHI UTHOLE INDLELA YOKWAZI AMAKHASIMENDE AKHO • Iba nomusa futhi uthobeke • Wabingelele uma eza ebhizinisini lakho noma esitolo • Buza ukuthi ungasiza kanjani • Sebenzisa amagama awo, uma kungenzeka 2 CELA AMAKHASIMENDE AKWAZISE NGOMBONO WAWO NGOMSEBENZI OHLINZEKWAYO • Wacele agcwalise iphephambuzo elilula ngenkathi ekhokha • Wabuze ukuthi ungawuthuthukisa kanjani umsebenzi wakho 181UKUHLINZEKELA AMAKHASIMENDE

3 PHENDULA IMIBUZO NEZIKHALAZO ZAMAKHASIMENDE NGOKUSHESHA• Bhekana nezinkinga ngokushesha• Azisa ikhasimende ngomphumela emuva kokudingida inkinga• Xolisa uma wenza noma ibhizinisi lenze okungalungile4 UNGASHINTSHI FUTHI UBE WUCHWEPHESHE• Ikhasimende kumele lihlale lizizwela lithola izinga elilodwa lomsebenzi noma uhlinzekwa abantu abahlukene• Qinisekisa ukuthi indawo yakho ibukeka ihlanzekile futhi ingekachwepheshe• Phatha bonke abantu ngenhlonipho (noma ngabe mncane, mdala, ucebile noma uhlwempu)5 PHATHA ABASEBENZI KAHLE• Phatha abasebenzi ngendlela ofuna baphathe amakhasimende akho ngayo• Uma bejabulile, bazophatha amakhasimende kangcono futhi babe nemiphumela elindelekile• Indlela abakhuluma ngayo ngawe ngaphandle komsebenzi inomthelela kwabanye abantu6 IBA NGONAKEKELAYO/ ENZA OKUHLE• Seka umphakathi oqhuba ibhizinisi kuwo• Qasha abantu basendaweni uma kungenzeka7 UKUQEQESHA NGOKUPHATHWA KWAMAKHASIMENDE• Iba nohlelo lokuqeqesha ngokuphathwa kwamakhasimende lwakho nolwabasebenzi bakho oluqhubekayo. 182 UKUHLINZEKELA AMAKHASIMENDE

UKUHLINZEKELAAMAKHASIMENDEZILUNGISELELE - GCINA, YEKELA, QALAENZA UHLU LOKU-3 OZOQHUBEKA UKWENZE, OKUMAYELANA NOKUHLINZEKA AMAKHASIMENDENGOMSEBENZI OMUHLE123ENZA UHLU LOKU-3 OZOYEKA UKUKWENZA, OKUMAYELANA NOKUHLINZEKA AMAKHASIMENDENGOMSEBENZI OMUHLE123 183UKUHLINZEKELA AMAKHASIMENDE

ENZA UHLU LOKU-3 OZOQALA UKUKWENZA, OKUMAYELANA NOKUHLINZEKA AMAKHASIMENDENGOMSEBENZI OMUHLE123 184 UKUHLINZEKELA AMAKHASIMENDE

IMITHOMBO1. Accounting Coach: http://www.accountingcoach.com/blog/equity2. Addicted2Success: http://addicted2success.com/startups/8-clever-ways-to-raise-money-for-your- new-startup/3. Ahmed, N.; Arslin, M; Rohail, H. (no date) Importance of business ethics http://www.slideshare.net/ SyedArslan/importance-ofbusinessethics4. All Business Experts: http://experts.allbusiness.com/the-top-10-reasons-why-small-businesses-f ail/889/#. VeaxixEVjIU5. Anglo American www.angloamerican.com6. Awethu Project: www.awethuproject.co.za7. BEESA (2015) New QSE BBBEE Codes Explained8. Board of Innovation: 30+ Business and Revenue Model Examples: http://www.boardofinnovation. com/business revenue-model-examples9. Bowlin, K (no date) Expense to Sales Ratio http://smallbusiness.chron.com/expensetosales- ratio-20429.html10. Brainy Quotes: http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/keywords/journey11. Business Partners: http://www.businesspartners.co.za12. Chiaravalle, Bill & Findlay Schenck, Barbara (2014) Branding For Dummies. Wiley13. CIPC www.cipc.co.za14. Clifton, Rita (2010) Brands and Branding. The Economist15. Department of Trade and Industry http://www.thedti.gov.za16. Diffen.com: Franchising vs. Licensing http://www.diffen.com/difference/Franchising_vs_Licensing17. ECDC http://www.ecdc.co.za18. Entrepreneur Mag (online) Government Grants http://www.entrepreneurmag.co.za/advice/funding/ governmentfunding-funding/government-grants19. Finweek Staff (2014) http://finweek.com/2014/10/08/entrepreneurship-six-reasons-smes-fail/20. Fortune Magazine: 100 Best Companies to work for: http://reviews.greatplacetowork.com/ rankings/2015 fortune-100-best-companies-to-work-for-list21. GEP http://www.gep.co.za22. GoFundme: Top 10 Crowdfunding Sites http://www.crowdfunding.com/23. Gold Medal Products Blog (2014) https://blog.gmpopcorn.com/2014/01/creating-a-good- relationship-with-your small-business-banker/24. Goodson, Scott (2012) Why Brand Building is Important. Forbes: http://www.forbes.com/sites/ marketshare/2012/05/27/why-brand-building-is-important/2/25. GPF: http://www.gpf.org.za26. How to improve your presentation skills http://www.wikihow.com/Improve-Your-Presentation-Skills27. Howes, L. (no date) 5 Unforgettable leadership Qualities of Successful Entrepreneurs: http://www. entrepreneur.com/article/23806528. Humans of New York: https://www.facebook.com/humansofnewyork29. Hyatt, M (no date) How real leaders demonstrate accountability http://michaelhyatt.com/leadership- and accountability.html 185IMITHOMBO

30. IAB South Africa (IABSA) South Africans Online http://iabsa.net/31. IDC www.idc.co.za32. Investopedia: Revenue http://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/revenue.asp33. Investopedia: ‘Market Research’ http://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/market-research.asp34. Investopedia: Accounts Payable Turnover http://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/ accountspayableturnoverratio. asp35. Investopedia: Debt http://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/debt.asp36. Investopedia: Debt to Equity Ratio http://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/debtequityratio.asp37. Investopedia: Inventory Turnover http://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/inventoryturnover.asp38. Investopedia: Licensing Revenue http://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/licensing-revenue.asp39. Investopedia: Venture Capitalist http://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/venturecapitalist.asp40. Jobsfund www.jobsfund.org.za41. Johnston, K. “(no date)” Sales Expense versus Revenue Percentage http://smallbusiness.chron.com/ sales-expense-vs-revenue-percentage-30579.html42. Klipfolio: Financial KPIs http://www.klipfolio.com/resources/kpi-examples/financial/ debt-to-equity-ratio43. KZN Growth Fund http://www.kzngrowthfund.co.za44. Landbank http://www.landbank.co.za45. Leadership: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Prolific Nigerian Writer: http://leadership.ng/ features/450890/ chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-prolific-nigerian-writer46. Lienker, Monica & Springmeyer, Bryan: Structuring friends and family Investments http://www. calstartuplawfirm. com/ business-lawyer-blog/friends-and-family-investment-structuring.php47. Longanecker, C (2015) Why you should use a subscription model: http://www.entrepreneur.com/ article/24357348. Management help: ‘Basics of conducting a focus group’ http://managementhelp.org/ businessresearch/focus-groups.htm49. Marketing Donut: ‘Questionnaires, surveys and focus groups’ http://www.marketingdonut.co.uk/ marketing/market-research/questionnaires-surveys-and-focus-groups50. MaRS (2013) The Licensing revenue model for technology products: http://www.marsdd.com/mars- library/ licensing-as-a-revenue-model-for-technology-products/51. McAdam, John (2013) The One-Hour Business Plan. Wiley, New Jersey52. McCamy, Laura. (2014) 5 Financial Key Performance Indicators to Gauge your business health http:// quickbooks. intuit.com/r/financial-management/5-financial-kpis-gauge-business-health53. McClure, Ben (no date) Getting to know business models: http://www.investopedia.com/articles/ fundamental/04/033104.asp54. Mweb: http://www.mweb.co.za/small-business/view/tabid/4250/Article/7872/8-smart-ways-to- raise-capital-for your-new-startup.aspx55. My Accounting Course: http://www.myaccountingcourse.com/financial-ratios/accounts-receivable- turnover-ratio56. National Arts Council http://nac.org.za/funding 186 IMITHOMBO

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