body systems

Body system flip bookBy: Christian Jackson

Integumentary systemFunctions- discourages growth of bacteria, regulates body temperature, removes some waste, controls how much heat the body loses.Structures-Keratin- fibrous water-repellent protein(nails and hair)Hair- helps control loss of body heatTactile- pertaining to touchNail- protects tips of fingersSebaceous glands- regulate body tempSkin- first line of defense, receptor of touch, makes body waterproofSweat glands- gives off sweat to regulate body tempProfessions-Dermatologist- specializes in treating and diagnosing disorders of the skinCosmetic surgeon- specializes in surgical reconstruction of body structuresDiseases-Dermatitis- inflammation of the upper layers of the skinPruritus- known as itching, associated with most forms of dermatitisXeroderma- excessively dry skin

Musculoskeletal systemFunctions- makes body movement possible, hold body erect, moves body fluids, produces body heat, cover, supports and separatesmuscle, attaches muscle to bones.Structures-Tendons- band of dense fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to boneMuscles- make body movement possible, move body fluids, produce body heat.Fascia- cover, support, and separate muscles.Smooth muscle- move and control flow of fluidsContraction- tightening of musclesSkeletal muscles- attach to bones of skeleton, control body movements such as walking or smilingProfessions-Cardiologist- treats disorders of the cardiac musclesNeurologist- treats the cause of paralysis (loss of ability to move) and similar muscular disordersDiseases-Myomalacia- softening of the muscle tissueMyositis- inflammation of muscle tissueTendinitis- inflammation of tendons caused by excessive or unusual use of the joint

Nervous SystemFunctions- The main function of the nervous system is to control body communication throughout its partsStructures-Brain- coordinates all activities of the bodySpinal cord- transmits nerve impulses between the brain, and the whole bodyNerves- receives and transmits messages to and from parts of the bodySensory organs- receive external stimulation and transmit it to the sensory neuronsNeuron- basic cell of the nervous systemReceptors- sites in the sensory organs that receive external stimulationProfessions-Psychologist- evaluating and treating emotional problemsNeurologist- specializing in diagnosing disorders of nervous systemDiseases-Tetanus- an acute and potentially fatal bacterial function (can die from infection)Parkinson's disorder- disorder of central nervous system that affects movementAlzheimer's disease- degenerative changes in the brain (start to lose memory)

Special sensesFunctions- provide external protection and movement of eyes, produces tears,sense of hearing, transmits sound waves to middle of theear.Structures-Eyes- receptor organs for the sense of sightIris- controls amount of light that enters the eyeLens- focuses rays of light on the retinaEars- receptor organs for sense of hearing, help to maintain balanceLacrimal apparatus- produces, stores, and removes tearsEyebrows- prevent foreign objects from reaching eyesProfessions-Audiologist- measurement of hearing function and rehabilitation of persons with hearing impairmentsOtolaryngologist- physician who specializes in the care of the earsDiseases-Keratitis- inflammation of cornea(front of eye)Xerophthalmia- drying of eye surfaces

Cardiovascular SystemFunctions- pumps the blood around the blood vessels, provides cells nutrients and helps dispose metabolic wasteStructures-Heart- pumps blood into arteriesArteries- transports blood to all body partsCapillaries- exchange nutrients and waste products with cellsVeins- return blood to the heartBlood- brings oxygen and nutrients to all cellsPulmonary circulation- blood flow between lungs and heartProfessions-Cardiologist- physician who treats heart diseases and defectsCarCardio perfusionist- is someone that works the heart and lung machineDiseases-Pericarditis- lining around heart gets inflamedAbnormal heart rhythms- uneven heartbeatAtherosclerosis- hardening of arteries that give the heart vital oxygen and nutrients

Respiratory SystemFunctions- take in oxygen and expel carbon dioxide as we breatheStructures-Nose- exchanges air during inhaling and exhalingSinuses- provides mucus, makes bones of the skull lighterEpiglottis- closes off breathing pipe (trachea) while swallowingLarynx- makes speech possibleBronchi- transports air from the trachea into the lungsAlveoli- air sacs that exchange gasesLungs- brings oxygen into the body and removes carbon dioxideProfessions-Pulmonologist- specialized in diagnosing and treating patients with lung problemsRespiratory technician- supervised, and work under a respiratory therapistDiseases-Asthma- spasms in the bronchi of the lungs causing difficulty in breathingPulmonary hypertension- high blood pressure that affects the arteries in the lungs

Digestive SystemFunctions- break down of food into small molecules, then absorbed into body for nutrientsStructures-Mouth- begins preparation of food for digestionEsophagus- transports food from the pharynx to the stomachStomach- breaks down foodSmall intestines- absorbs most nutrientsLarge intestine- absorbs excess water and prepares solid waste for eliminationLiver- secretes bile and enzymes to aid in the digestionPancreas- secretes digestive juices and enzymesProfessions-Hepatologist- specializes in the study of the liverGastroenterologist- physician who specializes in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (takes in food)Diseases-Celiac disease- serious sensitivity to glutenUlcerative colitis- mistakes food or other things as invaders and then creates ulcers

Urinary SystemFunctions- remove liquid waste from the blood in the form of urine; keep a stable balance of salts and other substances inthe blood; and produce erythropoietin, a hormone that aids the formation of red bloodStructures-Kidneys- filter the blood to remove waste products, maintain electrolyte concentrations, and remove excess waterRenal pelvis- collects urine produced by the kidneysUrine- liquid waste products to be excreted (removed)Ureters- transports urine from the kidneysUrinary bladder- transport urine from the kidneys to the bladderUrethra- transports urine from the bladderProfessions-Urologist- provide medical and surgical management for disorders of the urinary tractNephrologists- nephrologists provide medical management to patients with kidney diseaseDiseases-Cystitis- inflammation of the bladder, often from infectionUrinary tract infections- when bacteria enters the urinary tract and can affect the urethra, bladder or even the kidneys

Reproductive SystemFunctions- produces male testosterone, produces female hormones, protects and supports developing child, exchanges nutrientsbetween mother and unborn child during pregnancyStructures-Uterus- protects and supports the developing childPlacenta- exchanges nutrients and waste between the mother and unborn babySeminal vesicles- glands located at base of urinary bladderOvaries- produce eggs and female hormonesProfessions-Gynecologist- specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the female reproductive systemUrologist- specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the urinary systemDiseases-Oophoritis- inflammation of the ovaryOvariorrhexis- rupture of an ovary