เศรษฐกิจพอเพียง ม.ต้น WS21001

50    Chapter 4 Sufficient Life Network Learning Substance There are lots of methods to support, publicize ,and expand the persons’, or community’s, successes of behaving by holding to the principle of Sufficiency Economy, for example, publicize them along the various media, establish the learning center or the training center, build the network, or arrange an annual expo, etc. Building the working network and living according to the principle of Sufficiency Economy are the ways of creating social organizations’ unity and collaboration, for example, institute, family, mass media, private organization, government authority, etc, in order to apply the philosophy of Sufficiency Economy in occupation and living concretely. Expected Learning Outcomes To introduce and advocate the family or community members to see the worth and to use it in the daily lives. Course Outline Subject 1 The Successful Community and Man Distributions and Support of Works According to the Philosophy of Sufficiency Economy Subject 2 Building a Sufficient Life and Occupation Network According to the Philosophy of Sufficiency Economy Subject 3 Sufficiency Economy’s Processing Procedure

51    Subject 1 The Successful Community and Man Distributions and Support of Works According to the Philosophy of Sufficiency Economy There are lots of organizations and institutes that support, publicize, and expand the persons’, or community’s successes of behaving by holding to the principle of Sufficiency Economy. Everyone uses the Sufficiency Economy philosophy which is bestowed by His Majesty the King in living and in the ways of solving problems. Followings are the examples of these organizations and institutes : 1. The Crown Property Bureau. 2. Office of the National Economics and Social Development Board 3. Office of the Royal Development Projects Boards 4. The Chaipattana Fundation 5. Foundation for a clean and Transparent Thailand 6. The Siam Commercial Foundation 7. Ministry of Education 8. The Prime Minister’s Office (Chumchon Porpeang) Network and Learning Center of social Sufficiency Economy. Etc. Furthermore, there are other independent entities that support, publicize, and expand the persons, or community successes of behaving by holding to the principle of Sufficiency Economy as well, for example, Institute of Sufficiency Economy which gathers all of the cooperation from every segments in order to solve the country’s crisis by using His Majesty the King’s philosophy of Sufficiency Economy in working. This independent entity was founded by the convention of 4 organizations – the Royal Chitralada Project, Plant Genetic Conservation Project Under The Royal Initiative of Her Royal Highness Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn (RSPG), Organic Farm Group Network, and Agri-nature Foundation at 23rd December 2002. For the operation in the past, institute has been the center of building and expanding network so that there can be the learning and training center which

52    leads to people’s behaving and living on behalf of the standard of Sufficiency Economy. Its results are listed as follow: - The Foundation and development of the training center by being able to found more than 120 centers all over the country under the Sufficiency Economy network. - Training at the learning center of Sufficiency Economy network and the preparation of experts for training the organizations, both public and private one, and people. - Information and broadcasting His Majesty the King’s philosophy of Sufficiency Economy and other knowledge used in solving the economic crisis by using various media, for example, television programs - “Konhuangpaendin”, “Jarukwainaipaendin” , “Konlamaikonlamue” , “108- Mahassajunporpeang” , “ Tumdeehaipordoo” , “ Konporpeang” , “ Clinictaokae” , “Huajaipaendin” etc , printing media – “Porlaewruae” from the Komchatluk newspaper every Saturday, books, brochure, or other media,for example, T-shirt, sticker, VCD, bags, and various products which are built by the network organizations. - Activities for publicizing the philosophy of Sufficiency Economy and for more cooperating in the concrete form of five laterals, for example, • “Mahakamkuencheevithaikonthai” Expo which has been arranged in March every year. • “Mahakamsethakitporpeang” Expo which cooperates with the Plant Genetic Conservation Project Under The Royal Initiative of Her Royal Highness Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn (RSPG) in order to conserve the resources that has been arranged every 2 years. • “NganfuenfulumnamlaetalayThai” in order to restore water sources, middle , river mouth,and the sea by holding to His Majesty the King’s work. This exhibition has been restoring the honest livelihoods, from the mountains to the oceans, gathering over 25 river basins all over the country, and has already been working in the South, the East, and the Central region. - The foundation of the name “Mahavijjalaya Puea Phor” in order to restore lands by using His Majesty the King’s knowledge. By the help of five literals, “Photivijjalaya” has been founded at Srinakharinwirot University, in Sakaeo province in 2007. There have been the targets of founding Photivijjalaya

53    at the other places within the country in order to be the center of gathering and publicizing His Majesty the King’s knowledge. Moreover, there are the websites that support, publicize, and expand the works of working according to the philosophy of Sufficiency Economy, for example, 1. http://www.chaipat.or.th/ 2. http://www.rdpb.go.th/RDPB/front/king.aspx 3. http://longlivetheking.kpmax.com/ 4. http://www.sufficiencyeconomy.org/ 5. http://www.nesdb.go.th/ Case Study of the successful people or community whose works,done by holding to the philosophy of Sufficiency Economy,have been publicized. 1. Successful people whose works, done by holding to the philosophy of Sufficiency Economy, have been publicized. Mr. Somboon Srisubat The name “Mr. Somboon Srisubat” may not be familiar, but lots of farmers from Chumphon province may have heard of the names “Suanloongnil” or “Suankasikamthummachartpuchecondo 9 chan” which belongs to the villager from Banthornorm village, Moo 5, Chongmaikeaw district, Amphoe Thungtako, Chumphon province, who has been   accepted by various organizations as the model farmer with an interesting life. Mr. Somboon, graduated only from grade 4, has been working as the tailor, owner of 9 restaurants, and owner of the durian garden with more than 2-million debt, but he can change his life by holding to the principle of Sufficiency Economy and by doing the New Theory Agricultural according to His Majesty the King’s royal thought, and be able to release himself from being in debt, also become the one who has earned incomes of more than one million baht a year. A great change which results in Mr. Somboon’s success occurred in the night of 4th December 2007 when he has watched the television that His Majesty the King bestowed his speech of the Sufficiency Economy

54    philosophy and the New Theory Agricultural. After watching it, he cried and created the thought of doing as the King told by writing the sentence “ Ja kor thum tam phor”. Waking up in the next morning, he began surveying himself and found that the greatest failure of his works is a lot of money used in buying the chemical fertilizers each year. He then stopped buying them intermediately and chose to use the EM, Enzyme Ionic Plasma, which was beneficial to plants instead. Also, he used the methods of cultivating the cover crops as His Majesty the King has told, Mr. Somboon said that according to His Majesty the King’s principle of Sufficiency Economy, the King taught us that it had been better to cultivate the cover crop, he changed his mind from owning the garden of no grass to be the owner of the garden with lots of grass. Wherever they was lack of it, he would cover that area with banana leaf or other leaves. Moreover, Mr. Somboon also held to the principle of reducing expenses, increasing incomes, and expanding the opportunities : cultivate the favorite and eatable vegetables or plants in the space area between the durian, for example, Kumquat, galingale, lady finger banana, etc, and stop using every chemical substances. After one year, his life began to change, he had earn more incomes and was able to pay the debt, Mr. Somboon said proudly that he has spent about 6 years in releasing himself from the 2-million debt. After that, he has known that there was the learning center of natural agriculture according to the Sufficiency Economy principle at Chumphon Cabana Resort, Saphlee district, Amphoe Pathiu, Chumphom province, he then interested and went there to study. He said that after studying there, he has earned lots of expected knowledge, for example, earned the formula of making the EM, the correct methods of cultivating cover crops, the methods of recycling in order to bring garbage back to use, the methods of producing the organic fertilizers- compost, organic fertilizer in the liquid form, and various methods of natural agriculture. Mr. Somboon says that what he is proud of at this moment is the making of “Puchecondo 9 chan” which is a method of cultivating plants in 9 levels : the first level is for fish pond and for growing aquatic plants,for example, water mimosa, morning glory, or lotus. The second level is for cultivating plants from the group of wild yam, yam, and plants of pea family – curcuma , galingale ,etc. Third is for growing chili and Gnemon and forth is for Kumquat. The fifth level is used for cultivating Lady Finger banana. D159 type of durian, so called “Mhonthong”, has been grown on the sixth level, and Pakria, mangosteen,

55    and long kong have been grown on the seventh. The eighth step is called the trees’ bank for it is the level of growing crops for eating, for consuming, and for selling seeds to the members. The last level, ninth level, is used for growing 30 hairy-leafed apitongs which is 40-50 meters tall each and for growing 500 young plants. Mr. Somboon says that all of this is the method of following of His Majesty the King’s footsteps. Mr. Somboon also says that besides the major incomes he earns from selling durian, he has earn the others from selling other crops he has added into his garden, for example, wild yam which has been sold at the price of approximately 1 hundred thousand a year, galingale which has been sold to the spices producing factories for 4 tons each year along with 5-ton herbs at the price of 12 baht per kilograms , Kumquat which has been added into food instead of lemon Mr. somboon has sold them and earned the incomes of 2 thousand baht per day, Lady finger banana will be cultivated once a week at about 5 tons by having the store from “Salphortahinchang”, Amphoe Thasae, coming to buy it at his garden, and black pepper grown on the mangosteen trees, Pakria trees, and long kong trees, can be sold at the price of about 3 hundred thousand baht a year. Having been successful from doing the New Theory Agricultural according to the principle of Sufficiency Economy and been able to release himself from the debt, Mr. Somboon has publicized and given the knowledge he gained from doing this in founding the “Puchecondo 9 chan natural agriculture center” at Moo 6, Chongmaikaew district, Amphoe Thungtako, Chumphon province, in order to publicize the knowledge to people who interested and to open the agricultural visiting in the form of home stay in this area which also have built Din’s house for the ones who want to learn to check in. This is a challenging story of “Kun Nil” or Mr. Somboon Srisubat, a model farmer who does not give in to his destiny by holding to His Majesty the King’s philosophy of Sufficiency Economy, being able to release himself from the debt, and being able to live self-reliantly, also being glad to pass on what he has earned from following His Majesty the King’s footsteps to the others who still cannot find the way.

56    Mr. Lek Kutwongkaew Mr. Lek Kutwongkaew is deserved to be called and respected as the village’s instructor and as the community’s natural leader. His masterpiece is publicizing the thought of conserving natural resources by applying folk wisdom with the Buddhism’s concept. His concept can be used in working and being successful,it is also a relation between the villager’s economic way on behalf of living with moderately use and moderately consumption. At this moment, Mr. Lek is capable of building the knowledge network for being self-reliant and relying on natural respectively in more than 300 villages, 94 Amphoes, and 3 provinces. Plus, he is a committee and a specialist for various organizations, both public sections and the private ones, and villager’s organization all over the country. Mr. Lek Kutwongkaew is considered to be another village’s instructor who has publicized the principle of Sufficiency Economy, sufficient agriculture, community’s economy, and cultural economy, by having the obvious regulations he gains from learning of studying life as people relying on nature, not on their own, which has to be collaborating with the others in order to build the Sufficient Economy, reduce the selfishness, and be more generous. In-pang group’s network which Mr. Lek is one of the founders has been comprised of 7 communities near the Phuphan mountain rage and become an example of graceful lives, of nature-loving lives, people-loving lives, cooperating lives and culture-loving ones,also the lives of being generous, of freedom, self-reliance, and nature-reliance with respective feeling. Mr. Lek’s former life was not different from the other Banbua’s villagers’ and nearby villages’ that located at the Phuphan mountain range’s

57    foothill. At that time, forest lost its abundance because of villagers’ reclamation in order to grow jute since 1964, and cassava since 1970, Mr. Lek was one of those villagers. He cultivated jute for about 3 years and then changed to grow cassava for other 3 years. While doing this, he began asking himself why in growing economic crops, he became much poorer and had earned more debt, later he got this answer from consulting it with the elders in the village who gave him the idea of “Hed yue, hed gin”, or to live and consume sufficiently as in the past. In 1987, he began studying the natural forest on the Phupan mountain range near Banbua village, his homeland and his now-living home, by having the elders as the instructors, then he managed his and his family’s lives by using the thought “brings home the Phuphan” and “eat everything you grow and grow everything you eat”, and cultivating about 200 kinds of native plants in his 5-Rai lands without using chemical substances and pesticides. His work was considered to be “a building of new forest for life”. He located 2 basins for being “New river for family” and expanded the land to be 23 Rai, which was used to cultivated various plants, for example, fruits, useful plants, perennial plants, and fed cows, buffalos, and native chicken, so that it was enough for supporting his 14-people family. Eventually, he was able to release the debt, and made it possible for his children of not having to work outside. “Our father taught us to be economical, remove the materialism, be proud of freedom, not being in debt, be able to live self-reliantly, and rely on nature respectfully.” Life is learning, learning for life. Between the year 1987-1989, the Traditional Center of teacher’s college, Sakonnakhon province (Now : Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University)has cooperated with Esaan’s countryside development institute in doing the research of Kalengbanbua nationality at Kudbak district by sending Mr. Thawattchai Kunnawongsa, a college’s volunteer, to live within the community for 2 years. Mr. Thawattchai has realized in the folk wisdom of village’s leaders, for example, Mr. Lek Kutwongkaew, Mr. Serm Udomna, Mr. Prayat Thothumpol, and Mr. Kha Kutwongkaew, from founding a group of consulting problems in “Sohe” group or from an official discussion, which leads to a new cooperative thought in solving problems occurred to themselves

58    and to the community. They, then, found this group in 1989 under the name of “Kloomkongthunpanmaipuenban” which, firstly, 30 people of the group, mostly Banbua’s villagers, went observing a rattan reproduction activity at Amphoe Varichphum, Sakonnakhon province. After coming back, Mr. Lek was one of thirteen people from the group who began reproducing native rattan himself by earning the support asset from village’ foundation about 2,500 baht which was used for buying seedling grow bags in order to be used in growing younger plants and giving them to group’s members. The members would reproduce these native plants, sell, and send 10% of the money they earned to the funds. After doing this project for 3 years, their money fund has increased to 35,000 baht. They changed their name from “Kloomkongthunpanmaipuenban” to be “Inpang” - named by Mr. Buasri Srisoong, a village’s instructor, Mahasarakham province, because of his seeing in Banbua’s abundance of eatable plants, vegetables, and water sources - grouped in 1991. Translating according to the principle of Buddhism, “In” means “adults” and “Pang” means “to build” – “We are the adults who should build various things and give them to our children, for example, self-reliance, concept and behaving, building for happy lives, but if translated according to the native languages, this name will means “Pra-In” or the god who creates various things for us.” In 1992, Kloomkongthunpanmaipuenban group spent the money in buying 5-Rai- and-1-Ngan lands for the purpose of using as collaborating center for folk- wisdom exchange and for studying and doing activities in order to support its village and community development. It also ran the project of feeding native pigs for the villagers’ more incomes. Later in 1992-1993, Inpang group worked, as its main objective, in sustainably developing the countryside around the Phuphan mountain range and there were the young generations from community participating in Inpang’s cooperation with the public sections, for example, Agricultural Land Reform Office, The 3rd Development Planning Guidelines for Suburban Center, Sakhon Nakhon Agricultural Research and Training Centre, and built a network under the name “Phuphan’s agricultural ecosystem network”,which have 22 communities or about 289 people as members, by supporting the sustainable agriculture, the research and study of Phuphan’s native seeds, and the native crops’ processing.

59    In the late 1996, Inpang’s network received the money funds management from Department of Environmental Quality Promotion, Ministry of Science, Technology, and Environment under the name of “Phuphan’s forest conserving by agricultural ecosystem network” at the amount of 500,000 baht. In 1998, it earned money funds from the Office of Environmental Fund for supporting in the use of proper energy and environment in agricultural ecosystem’s network, for 309,000 baht. In the late 1999, the Inpang group expanded its network by the cooperation of Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Department of Technical and Economic Cooperation, and the Office of Environmental Fund under a project of “ A project of increasing the sufficient agriculture development” to 12 districts, 10 Amphoes, Sakonnakhon province. In 2000, it received the support from Social Investment Fund(SIF), or a project of community’s accidental welfare for the poverty, for 15 million baht which was managed by each network. At this moment, the Inpang’s network has expanded every year, with the members from 600 families who live near the forest around Phuphan mountain range from Sakonnakhon , Kalasin,and Udonthani province in 1999. For Sakonnaknon province, the members are from 5 Amphoes : Kudbak, Phuphan, Nikhomnamun, Pananikom, and Waritchaphum. For Kalasin, 1 Amphoe : Khammuang. From Udonthani, 1 Amphoe : Wangsammor. Create the leaning process for the operation. Mr.Lek has placed the importance on learning for operation by using the method of grouping in order to manage the learning process,build the consciousness, and expand the learning network as he once said that if you want the elephant, bring the elephant with you. If wanting the same type of people, bring that type of people with you. There are the same types of people like you in every community, only we have to go out and look for them. At this moment,the Inpang group is a member of PhoompunyaThai network which has been considered as the National’s one and has its members in the form of a community’s, district’s, and province’s organization network all over the country, with having the activities’ observation for knowledge exchange. In 1998, the PhoompunyaThai network collaborated in developing a

60    community’s model scheme according to the community’s experience in order to be used as a frame and direction of community development by dividing it into 7 issues: agriculture, environment, community’s health, industrial, community’s business, community’s welfare and funds, and education. Mr. Lek Kudwongkaew is considered to be a model person as the village’s instructor and as the community’s natural leader. His outstanding project is the expansion of natural conservation’s concept by applying the traditional folk wisdom together with the Buddhism’s concept. His concept can be used and can become successful and also be related to the villagers’ economical way on the foundation of moderate possession and moderate consumption as the Kaleng elders once said that Phuphan is life. Tribes and friends are might. Will is self reliance. Natural lasts for life and throng. (The 2nd Green Globe Award 2000 http://pttinternet.pttplc.com) At this moment, Mr.Lek’s role is to expand his concept and create the network. For the work inside Inpang group, it is able to work on its own and determine its concept, also the “Dek ka leng rak pa” group which has its main activity in order to let youth to carry on the community’s concept, lifestyles, and culture. This inheritance is considered to be a successfully publicized works from generation to generation.

61    2. The successful community’s distributions and support of works according to the philosophy of Sufficiency Economy. Banjumrung community – A model of Sufficiency Economy Banjumrung has located at Moo 7th, Neunkho district, Amphoe Klang, Rayong province, on the East of Thailand with the community’s living condition of self-reliance as it has been accepted as a good model for there have been lots of people comes to observe their activities and exchange knowledge annually. Banjumrung has supported its people to consume the native vegetables, for example, Butterfly Pea, Balsam Apple, Turmeric, Climbing Wattle, Wild Betel Leafbush, Tiger Herbal, and Red Cajuput’s top, etc, and use them as their main courses. The villagers have also invited the tourists to be the customers of Somtumjumrung restaurant which the tourists will be able to consume the village’s native vegetables and that results in making this restaurant a community’s well-known symbol for various tourists. Banjumrung’s elder group is an example of the cooperation in a form of group in order to produce lots of quality products, for example, coarse rice product in the package of bags which has been sold in the community’s stores for advocating the people’s health. They have owned a community’s rice mill which has produced the coarse rice continually and sent the rice bran to the farmers so that they could use it to produce an organic fertilizer, and they have also sent broken-milled rice to a group which feeds soft-shelled turtles. Moreover, Banjumrung has founded garbage bank group for the community’s member could realize in the worth of remnants or even rubbish.

62    This group would pay for every kinds of remnants and sort out them before bringing them back to use, doing this would results in fostering children to realize in remnants’ worth. Whenever there have been people who come to observe the activities, water’s using group will gather members in order to cook food by using the native vegetables, their incomes will be collected as the village’s developing fund. Moreover, Banjamrung also has own a service of home stay for the tourists or people who interested in self-reliant lifestyle so that they can feel and exchange the knowledge with the others. Community’s management that is comprised of the quality leaders will gain the ability of developing the community which is ready for education and which applies the traditional folk wisdom altogether with modern technologies in community’s development. In 2005, Banjumrung community, its network and leader have started the project of community’s standard and been able to pass the evaluation of the Amphoe’s and province’s commission and become a model community for further publicizing and introducing the other ones to enter the community’s standard evaluation in the next year. A starting point of developing the village of Sufficiency Economy is the foundation of a community’s store. In the first time of investment for founding the community’s store, the village’s development fund has earned total money of 30,000 baht and has 120 members from the community. The village’s store works in a form of society’s cooperatives in order to sell the various equipments from both outside and inside the community - agricultural crops, products, and processed products. It is then the way of selling products from producers to the consumers directly. Mr. Chatchai, a village headman, has told that Banjumrung has its own producing, selling, and consuming cycle within the community. If villagers have understood the importance of a community’s economical system, Banjumrung will have been self-reliant without worrying of who they will sell the products to, or who they will buy the product from because they are able to produce, sell, and consume by their own. The profit they earn will be circulated inside the village and will be used for further developing the community. The community’s store locates nears the working and relaxing place of Banjumrung’s villagers, and the first place we have found Mr.Chatchai is the place of both working and relaxing for the villagers, it is also the place of seeing and hearing so much smiles and laughs that we cannot help laughing along with them. This small community’s store has earned more profit every year and has its circulation for more than a million baht per year. When time of the annually dividend comes, the profit will be divided into 3 parts: first 30% will be saved

63    as the village’s developing fund, 35% will be sent back to the shareholders depends on their shares, and the last 35% will be sent back to the customers depends upon their buying parts - buying a lot will earn a lot, buying less will earn moderately. After hearing this, we have asked a village headman whether the outsiders can enter into a partnership or not, Mr. Chatchai answers constantly that it is certainly possible, and there have been the villagers from other village who have shared, plus, even if having the community’s store, some family might possibly open the store like this one without being forced or estranged, only in order to maintain and develop this community’s economical system. At least having the store like this is the profit sharing within the community and is the way of stimulating the occurring of other developing cycles from the profit of community’s store that is in saved in the community’s developing funds because they have funds and money enough to invest in doing various activities. We can find this kind of cooperating each other with the characteristics of knowing to save and knowing to share from more than 20 activities groups in Banjumrung community. Moreover, there are the foundation of production activities, for example, farmers’ association in order to build a network and strength. The first production activity group, and maybe the largest one, is a group of farmers and orchardists. There are lots of farmers’ and orchardists’ groups depend on each person’s occupation in Banjumrung community. As mentioned above that somebody may have been a member in more than one group in order to build a network, strengthen a farmer and orchardist bond in community, exchange knowledge, and cooperate with the other group. As the village header has told us before that there is nothing useless in Banjumrung, something that is able to be used in any process will be sent to the group that can use it usefully, for example, chaff or rice bran received from the elders’ group will be sent to the native farmer group in order to be used in making organic fertilizers or EM , and a group of farmers and orchardists will bring these organic fertilizers or EM to use, the left rice bran from the elder’s group, as well, will be used by a group of feeding soft-shell turtle, and all of the farmers,orchardists, also other Banjumrung’s villagers will consume the rice sold by an elders’ group in the community’s store. We are excited and surprised of this relationship cycle for a little while before realizing that this story is not finished yet because when the time of community’s store dividend arrives, everyone will earn their profits according to the total money they used in buying, the village header told us that this cycle may be possibly called by technical specialist as “the chain of worth”.

64    Next, there is a foundation of a farmer’s traditional group for community’s health. Mr. Chatchai tells us that the lesson they learnt from doing the Mono-crop together with data they collected from the community has caused the villagers stop using the chemical fertilizers and be back to use the folk wisdom and knowledge within the community instead. Also, they have learnt to rely on their natural resources, have their own capitalism. Funds from the Capitalism and Popular Culture and the lesson they learnt from doing this Mono-crop and using chemical substances has been one of the greatly important changes of Banjumrung, the community has begun understanding the joint plantation so that it can balance an ecosystem and community’s health. A farmers’ traditional group then was founded at 10th February 2000 by having 10 founders in order to support the unadulterated agriculture in community, produce compost and fermented plant extract to use as insects’ repellents, also produce an EM to be used within a group or by other interested people. What is most important is that the farmers’ traditional group is the group that cultivates the native unadulterated vegetables from demonstrated farms and sells them to the SomtumJumsung restaurant in order to be consumed by the tourists and community’s members altogether with papaya salad, some will be sold widely within the community by Mrs. Nuang – the native vegetables’ seller of the community, and be used in making Butterfly Pea’s water for serving traveler like us. A farmers’ traditional group has owned one television program for publicizing their knowledge and for campaigning about doing unadulterated agriculture in the Banjumrung community. Mrs. U-tai, a group’s chairman and disk jockey, is an example who makes us understand that consuming unadulterated vegetables and native ones will definitely help the villagers and community’s ecosystem gain the better health in both mind and body as she does. Although being a small group, a farmers’ traditional group always has earned the commission for exchanging their opinions, reporting the operating works between members and community’s leader like the others in Banjumrung community. Mrs. U-tai has told us that every 2nd Wednesday of each month, group’s members will gather for the meeting, they also have the meeting with other groups in every 15th of each month. Mrs. U-tai and the members of farmers’ traditional group are considered to be the specialists in doing the biological agriculture, her knowledge about this are all what we have not known before, she also told us that if not know, read more and always seek for the new one, it is the method of exercising people’s minds.

65    Furthermore, Capitalism and processing the community’s products are the other factors which lead to success. If asking city men like us of what we can produce or make by our own for using in our house, it musts be long before the one who asks will get the answer and mostly the answer will be nothing. We have to buy them from a department store, market, or other distribution centers because we are the parts of Capitalism. This type of economic system has lessened us the ability of being self-reliant for centuries, not only within the city, it also threatens the community in countryside which uses to be able in self-reliance by relying on the nature. Whenever the production costs have been determined by the middlemen and economic system, and whenever the vegetables’ is lowered, farmers who are the producers will have to face a problem of not being able to sell their product at the proper prices. Mr. Chatchai said that it is because the community has relied too much on the outside societies that outside societies and economy system then become the factor that determine the community’s livelihood rather than the community’s members being the ones who determine their livings. The insecurity of life is then occurred. In 1983, when Banjumrung has faced against the agricultural products’lower price, also the disease and insects, which are the experiences of lives’ insecurities according to ones’ relying too much on the outsides instead of one selves, a group of females’ volunteer is then founded, and the community’s housekeepers have gathered in order to sell their seasonal products at higher prices with longer reservation. This is the first step of doing activities within the community by being self-reliant and participating in determining the processed products’ price of the community, for example, by start producing chips fried durian, preserved durian, chips fried jackfruit, banana chips, from desserts to main course, shrimp paste and fish sauce which have the good taste with being safe and unadulterated. Besides producing the processed foods, a group of female’s volunteer has also helped each other in producing the other products, for example, Butterfly Pea’s shampoo, dishwashing liquid, and washing liquid, in order to be self-reliant and decrease the family’s expenses. All of these products have also been sold at the community’s store for the community itself and for the outsiders. At this moment, Banjumrung community has owned the social assets from learning to be self-reliant for more than 20 years and has owned more than 20 activities’ groups with having experiences too. It is also comprised of staffs

66    that are sacrificed, has owned the folk-wisdom, and has its cultural traditions. Banjumrung community is then another praised village of Sufficiency Economy. (Dailynews, 10th February 2009) Mairiang Community    Mairiang community is a small district with the area of 45 square kilometers that located in Amphoe Chawang, Nakhonsithammarat province. It is consisted of 1,382 households who have earned a living by cultivating rubber tree since their ancestors, especially after the government has its policy of supporting commercial farming cultivating rubber tree as the mono-crop, this results in the living of Mairiang’s villagers to rely on the rubber tree since then. Their hope and lives have become more attached to this tree after the community has suffered from “Laemtalumphuk” storm in 1962 which has destroyed all of the forest lands the old rubber tree’s garden completely. Villagers then expanded their farms of cultivating rubber trees in order to replace the destroyed ones by cultivating rubber tree using the support from Office of the Rubber Replanting Aid Fund in the way of funds and rubbers’ seeds. Lives that are depended on the rubber, whenever the rubber’s price is very low, Mairiang villagers who have very low incomes will suffer more with lots of debt, some even have gone bankrupt and have to sell their farms. The Mairiang community, led by Mr. Prayong Ronnarong, then discussed and analyzed of what the problems are, what the causes are, how to solve the problems, and who should participate in solving them. According to the problems’ analysis and searching for the solving ways, they have found that the

67    farmers’ problems are why the producers are poor while the merchants, both the owners of rubber’ factories and the sellers, are rich. By analyzing this using the villagers’ experiences, they have found that the reason why the farmers can sell their rubbers at low price is because they have been lowered the price by middlemen in lots of steps, also they lack of knowledge in managing and information parts, not understanding the marketing condition for they think that they are only the producers, another reason is that the low quality and low standard of villagers’ rubber block production. The way of solving problem is then to gather the farmers in order to improve the rubber block’s quality and use technologies in production so that they can sell their products in a large amount with higher price and higher quality as the market’s requirement. After that, Mr. Prayong Ronnarong and some of the villagers went observing activities at Nabon Rubber Estate Organization’s factories and private organizations’ ones in 1982, and earned the confidence that factories for processing rubber tree might be the answer of solving problems in producing management and in eliminating the middlemen’s problem. They,then, owned the meeting for many times in order to find the conclusion of leaning conclusion from activities’ observation and to plan for founding the processed rubber’s factory by determining the factory’s size and production capacity according to the money and power they have. It also cooperated with the villagers in understanding, finding allies and assets and finally “Mairiang’s farmers and orchardists group of rubber plantation” was founded at 1st May 1984 and firstly produced at 20th October 1984 with 37 founders and production capacities of 500 kilograms per day. Right now, it has earned 179 members and has been able to produce at the rate of 5 tons per day. Learning the experiences from community’s business management. Structures of “Mairiang’s farmers and orchardists group of rubber plantation” are comprised of executive boards, which come from members’ votes and group’s members. A group has employed a manager, staffs, and factory’s labors in order to run the group’s production business under the regulation of the executive boards. There is an annual members’ convention for presenting the works and accounts, for the management part, the group would buy latex from members and process it before selling to the merchants which have the obvious accounts. Doing this could help member earn the circulating funds of products’ production, pays, and incomes, also use the bank’s mechanism in order to create its credit and transparency with being able to

68    investigate. Moreover, there is the follow-up of rubber’s price, information about world’s market of rubber requirement, and government’s policy which will result in member’s being up-to-date in every changes and information. Along the time of doing business, the group does not have any failure or quality problems of the products and shipping, even if there is sometimes the problem of not enough production capacity, the group has tried to solve it for that it might not break a contact and lose its credit. Before having the economic crisis, the group has sold its product directly to the exporters and selected ones from their presentation, and although right now it does not sell products to the exporters, it still has the large dealers in the South region. From processed factory to production for self-reliance Every operations of “Mairiang’s farmers and orchardists group of rubber plantation” since 1984 are not the fixed formula, but the one Mairiang community earned from its learning process which always seeks for the knowledge endlessly so that it can conclude a lesson and can solve the occurred problems, also be well-prepared for new ones. It has done a trial and error in order to search for the conclusion altogether with having an honest and altruistic leader, the group then be able to do the production continually for 16 years(1984-2000). However, even though the Mairiang’s farmers and orchardists group of rubber plantation is able to solve the problems of rubber’s quality, selling, and reducing the assets, but other problems which are out-of- reach of inside management are evermore, for example, problem of world’s market requirement, problem of latex’s quality and amount which relies on the climate change, and problem of government’s policy, etc. By discussing with the others, members have found that rubber isn’t the only answer of living. Along with limitation of doing business only by members which is not able to find the new one continually because of not enough purchasing power, and the most important ones which are happiness, well living, and the capability of self-reliance in Mairiang community, Mairiang’s learning and developing center is then founded in order to be a stage of exchanging knowledge between villagers in lots of parts, for example, education part, sufficient agriculture and environmental part, community’s health part, community’s business and industrial part, and community’s funds part. Owning this center, Mairiang community also has founded the Maririang’s community leading council which is from 5 agents of each villages, at total : 40 agents, both male and female,

69    young generation, middle-aged people, and elders, who work in administrating and managing the community’s developing plan. One of Mairiang community developing plan changing the agriculture’s direction of doing mono-crop and relying their lives on rubber tree to be the searching of farmers’ various occupation and focusing on being self-reliant within the community is comprised of 8 activities of agriculture : group of pisciculture, unadulterated vegetables’ group, group of rice’s processing, group of feeding native chicken, group of producing animal food, group of pig farming, herbs’ group, and group of mushroom’s culture. These activities’ groups have an obvious aim of production for community’ self-reliance and communicating with the outside markets by using the groups’managements which have their own executive boards. Each activity has analyzed the requirement and possibility of production and marketing , estimated the inside market share of Mairiang community which has more than one thousand households, also the link to other networks in Amphoe’s, province’s, region’s, and country’s level. Each group,as well, has cooperated between the activities and exporting factors within the community systematically, for example, group of producing animal food has sent the animals food with high quality and lower price than the market to various animals’ feeding group, group of mushroom’s culture has earned saw dust from rubber’s bark, or the aim of breeding “ SarmsailueatMairiang” chicken which is a hybrid of laying hen, broiler,and native one so that it can reduce the assets as much as possible. Furthermore, from now on, every product will have their names under the name “Mairiang”, which is the way of debuting products to the outside market. For the money assets part, basically Mairiang’s members have earned the support from Social Investment Fund(SIF) and from floating their shares to the groups’ members, after that they would earn the support from village’s bank funds and other saving groups which have already been found. In the future, community’s leaders have expected that each of these activities’ groups will result in the foundation of Mairiang’s company which has the villagers as the owners, executive boards, and as ones who have earned the profit of these 8 companies.

70    Learning network and its alliances Right now Mairiang community has lots of network at various levels : district, Amphoe, province, and country , for example, rubber’s network, “Yom- Na” network which is comprised of rubber plantation’s farmers, orchardists, and farmers , “PhoompunyaThai” network, community’s health network, etc. Mairiang community is also a place of activity’s observation for strong community for other communities all over the country. The community’s livelihood is not alone or on its own because it has earned the support of money funds, suggestion, cooperation, and serving convenience for learning process from both the non-governmental organization, village’s foundation, which has begun its works in the area since 1989, and the government sections, for example, provincial administrative organization which has given budget of building new rubber’s factory, director of Provincial-Amphoe- or District Agricultural Extension Office, Community fund, etc. A state of publicizing and broadcasting whatever occurred from last-long learning process for more than 40 years of Mairiang community, although not complete, what the community has earned is the making of learning process, attention and awareness of its learning insistently, and the cooperation in solving problems altogether, which is the most important factor of running community’s business by having both the government sectors and the individual ones as the supporters of success outcomes. The production’s profit, the minor factor, has a crucial part in maintaining the processes so that members can survive. Another important factor is the leader’s altruistism. Ever though these factors aren’t the fixed formulas, at least the Mairiang’s lesson can be used as the supporting ways for other communities in other areas.(Local Development Institute(LDI) http://www.ldinet.org/2008/) Subject 2 Building a Sufficient Life and Occupational Network According to the Philosophy of Sufficiency Economy Network is a society’s format which gives the opportunity of building the cooperation among organizations in order to exchange knowledge, build the unity, and work altogether with each other by having equal statuses. Building the network is a working method which is famous both in business and community’s developing operation. Besides having heard of the word

71    “network”, in business part we might also have heard of the other words which have the closed meanings, for example, strategic alliance, or partner, etc. Normally, the network has its characteristics as follows: Cognitive Structures No matter states the organizations have developed to, the related people of their networks would have resembled concepts in the parts of knowledge, capability, and requirement. Hierarchy The link among organization’ network has been in the horizontal form- each organization is independent from each others, but the independent level of each may not be equal. Division of Labor A reason why various organizations have built their network together is because they have partly expected in relying on exchanging the capabilities with the others, so any of organizations that have not been able to presented their capability might possibly be removed from the network. In the opposite, the state of being able to present their capabilities would result in the alliance and cooperation, work’s sharing, and reducing the chance of any organization to be more powerful than the others. The strength of organizations network will lead to the overall strength of network. The development of every organization’s network is, then, an important thing. Self-regulating In order to cooperate with each other in horizontal form,it is need to have the agreement by using the democracy’s process which is the way of bargaining among the organization’s network about the inside management so that it can achieve the target. The success of organization’s network has not occurred in one day, but has to use lots of time in advocating the relation, faith, and reliance, also in creating concept in order to exchange the information, to solve the problems together creatively, and to cooperate with other organizations. Building a community’s learning network systematically. (1) Support every way of passing on knowledge and exchanging experience among the same community’s members and their organizations by

72    emphasizing the use of folk-wisdom or village’s instructors, also certifying the learning’s status. (2) Support the operation which is done in the form of community that serves the education and occupational practice for people and community’s officers by using various methods according to the interesting and skill without limiting education’s foundation. (3) Encourage every part of the social organization, for example, family, religion, mass media, central and regional education institute, etc, to participate in building the community’s learning network, especially house’s, community’s, and school’s roles. Building a network of occupation and living according to the philosophy of Sufficiency Economy His Majesty the King has bestowed his royal thoughts about the Sufficiency Economy and held to this principle all the time. However, the government’s policy about agriculture has aimed at producing products for exporting in the form of commerce which is bringing the rice we’ve grown to sell, bringing the money we earned to buy rice, and borrowing money when we do not have enough, this results in Thai farmers’ always being in debt. Realizing of this problem, His Majesty the King bestowed his royal thought of founding the Royal Rice Bank for Farmers and Royal Cattle Buffalo Bank for Farmers in order to help the farmers which has been the starting point of Sufficiency Economy. The King also reiterated the government sections for not taking the heavy machines into the project in Phetchaburi province – the first project, he said that if bringing those machines too quickly, villagers will stop using hoe and spade and will not be able to be self-reliant in the future. His thought is really true at this moment. After that, His Majesty the King invented the method of helping farmers in the agriculture by creating “A New Theory Agricultural” in 1992 at Wat Mongkol Chaipattana Area Development Project, Chalermprakiat District, Saraburi Province in order to use it as an example of agricultural farming for the farmers in managing lands and water sources at the ratio of 30:30:30:10 – 30% for basin and pisciculture , 30% for cultivating rice , 30% for cultivating dry

73    crops and garden plants,and 10% for habitat, animals’ farming,and cultivating home-grown vegetables. Next, he has always bestowed more royal thoughts on the farmers who are the main group of the country so that they can be more self-reliant before producing for commerce or marketing by using the 3 steps of the New Theory Agricultural’s principle : 1st step for being self-reliant and able to live by their own , 2nd one is for cooperating in a form of group for production,management, marketing, welfare, education,and social development. The last step is for building a network and occupational class, and expanding the various economical activities. The principle of the New Theory Agricultural can lead to the principle of Sufficiency Economy : 1st step : moderation and being able to live self-reliantly with reducing the expenses. It is a step of economy system which holds to the principle of self- reliance by mainly focusing on cultivating enough vegetables for the family’s requirement, main point, and selling the rest at markets for commerce- minor point. The rest crops that have been sold to markets would be the farmers’ profit and help them become ones who administrate marketing system instead of being administrated by it as they have been right now. Moreover, the main principle is to reduce expenses by building things and cultivating foods in their own lands, for example, rice, water, fish, chicken, fruits, vegetables, etc. 2nd step : is for cooperating in a form of group for production, management, marketing, welfare, education, and social development, etc. Sufficiency Economy has placed an importance on villagers’ gathering, in order that, a group of villagers or villagers’ organization would do the process of various economical activities including doing the integrated farming, handicraft, food processing, marketing, and community’s travelling business, etc. After the villagers have been improved and become strong, also have owned the more widely network, all of the community’s farmers would earn the higher incomes and solving methods of various problems. Consequently, a country’s overall economy would have a stable growth which means that it can expand altogether with the better expanding incomes’ situation. 3rd step: Build the occupational network and expand economic activities to be more various by cooperating with the business part, non-governmental organization, and government sections in the way of money assets, marketing, production, management, and information. Sufficiency Economy is based on the

74    basics of kindness, generousness, and harmony of the community’s members in earning a living corporately so that they can become successful. The occurred success is then not only the incomes, but also other advantages, for example, building a strength of family and community, being able to conserve natural resources and environments, developing the community’s learning process using the folk wisdom, and maintaining Thai’s culture and tradition,too. Moreover, in order to be successful in building the network, it is important to create the relation and responsibility for community. Members have to respect and believe in each other with the reminding of that, in overall, the participating organizations must earn the advantages of building network. It is also important to always conclude the operation’ work, analyze the strong points and the weakness ones, and always remind people themselves that there might be any changes occurred during the time of cooperation so that they must realize in theses problems and be flexible. The most importance is to be responsible with the others in any of the successes and failures. Subject 3 Sufficiency Economy’s Processing Procedure “…In order to develop the country, it is need to follow each step by start building a basic which is the moderately earning and consuming of people using the economical but rightful methods according to the academic principle. After having the strong basic, it is better to start building the higher progress… A state of holding to a principle of step-by-step development respectively with being careful, omniscient, and economical is for preventing learners themselves from failures and for achieving the target completely.” This speech bestowed by His Majesty the King on the occasion of Kasetsart University’s graduation ceremony on 19th July 1974 according to his royal thoughts and speech since 1974 has shown us that he has emphasized the way of developing based on self-reliance, moderation, moderate use and moderate consumption, reasonableness, and self-awareness, and has reminded Thai people of not being careless but realizing in the rightful development according to the academic principle, also having virtue as a frame of living. All of these are well-known under the name of Sufficiency Economy.

75    Sufficiency Economy development has its main target of building the learning network so that it can be used as Thais idea’s frame, operating concept, and part of living in every section. The objectives of this development are to improve the correct knowledge and understanding of Sufficiency Economy so that every citizens have been able to apply it properly, also to change the way of seeing and living to be on the basics of Sufficiency Economy. Driving the Sufficiency Economy is the method of empowering Thailand so that it can develop itself securely under the situation of globalism by placing an importance on building and strengthening economical and community basics in order to maintain the balance of funds and resources in various ways. Doing this will also result in Thais’ being able to adjust themselves for any change penetrative which leads to the better, wealthier, and sustainable lives. The operation by holding to the principle of Sufficiency Economy, besides His Majesty the King’s experiments and works in The Royal Chitralada Projects and his other projects, has been used by lots of interested people in living,both outside and inside Thailand, which we have to study that how it has been used in each area,especially the successful one. Using Sufficiency Economy in education In order to use the philosophy of Sufficiency Economy in an education, it is important to firstly aim at improving the teachers because they are the crucial sources in passing on knowledge and fostering various things into students. Because of this reason, teachers must be advocated to be knowledgeable and be understanding about the principle of Sufficiency Economy completely so that they will be the great model and will teach children to understand the moderation – teachers must have to understand it first by living moderately and learning together with students, especially be conscious in getting information, be realizable in applying the knowledge they gained, and always seek for knowledge gradually. In knowledge’s adoption, teachers have to consider it step-by-step, solve the problems gradually, and always estimate their knowledge and situation so that they will be well-prepared of every change or effect carefully and consciously.

76    The main target of propulsion is to let the children understand the moderation, to foster, and to train them in order to give them a balance of economy, society, environment, and culture by inserting the philosophy of Sufficiency Economy into the various subjects’ curriculum. The children, then, will be able to live in balance according to Sufficiency Economy, realize in the worth of resources, be able to live with the others generously and kindly, gain conscious in environment’s conservation, realize in the Thai worth in the middle of various changes, and see themselves as a part of environment and culture which their behaviors will affect on that environment they have lived in. In order to achieve this, teachers must integrate the education by using knowledge and virtue so that children can see through the relation of environment, culture, society, and economy. Moreover, to foster the use of Sufficiency Economy in various educational centers, teachers might use the method of “understanding, appreciating, and developing” bestowed by His Majesty the King – firstly, they must understand that the philosophy of Sufficiency Economy is a concept which can be applied and fostered by using activities, for example, environment’s conservation, rubbish’s remove, and community’s environmental survey, etc. At first, teachers must understand the Sufficiency Economy and be a good model by analyzing any of their insufficiency because it will help they understand the problems occurred from this insufficiency, they should let the children participate in doing this too. To analyze this, they must use knowledge and morality, especially the later which should be fostered into children using activities they created. Teachers from each school have to discuss with the others of what stage they will start teaching about the philosophy of Sufficiency Economy before doing. After that, teachers might have to set a teaching target of how they would teach children to develop themselves, maybe by start teaching using activities capable of doing by each one, for example, clean up, save energy, etc, so that they can understand of the effect they have on environment in 4 dimensions. For the appreciation, after understanding, teachers should find the methods of appreciating children by firstly considering how to insert the Sufficiency Economy activities into each subject and concept, for example, using activities group so that students can help each other in thinking, working,

77    and sharing the works based on their capabilities – in the activities of cleaning up, teachers might manage activities for each educational level : 1st educational level. Create the activities children can participate in cleaning up. (Let children know of their duties in personal state). 2nd educational level. Create the activities children can participate in cleaning up and checking for the amount of garbage(let children analyze and cooperate themselves with the others). 3rd educational level. Create the activities children can cooperate with community outside school, for example, activity that let children know of waste segregation, inside and outside school’s environmental conservation, etc). The important thing of doing these activities is to emphasize the cooperation of every section. Educational institutes should aim at applying the Sufficiency Economy in teaching so that students can be self-reliant and helpful to the others in community. Managing the education according to the Sufficiency Economy can be done in 2 parts : 1st part about the educational administration and 2nd part about learner’s learning management. The 2nd one is comprised of inserting the Sufficiency Economy into the subjects and curriculum, and applying it in managing learners’ development. The first step of running the Sufficiency Economy in education is to look for the learners’ developing activities which has the characteristics and management similar to Sufficiency Economy principle that is moderate to learners’ potential and community’s folk wisdom, for example, the 2nd grade students can do the cooperatives, the 4th ones can conserve the environment, etc. Teachers should support students to use their knowledge consciously, train them to be reasonable, self-aware, honest, responsible, polite, and behave to the others without having exploitation, also teaching students to have conscious mind in conserving environment and Thai culture : teach the students to be moral, improve them so that they can be helpful to other people and community. The teachers should, as well, use the sufficient activities by being self-aware to every change even in the time of changing directors – self-awareness. Looking for an example of learners’ developing activities is for having the factual ones in building the understanding of what does Sufficiency Economy principle mean and how it can be used in developing the learners.

78    After that, teachers should integrate the education using these activities into all of the subjects, for example, science, in order to create the environmental balance, mathematics, by teaching the calculation that is useful in living sufficiently, or integrate with Thai language, English language, health education, technologies, and social studies, etc. Educational standard aims at all students’ understanding in Sufficiency Economy and being able to apply it. Because of the fact that if all of educational states have the same target, there might be a problem, so it is important to determine obviously the frameworks of each educational ones as follows : 1st state of education : aiming at students’ capabilities of being self-reliant or living sufficiently in individual and family state,for example, 1st grade students should help parents do the dish, clean a house, arrange their books for learning, share friends their things, and eat up. 2nd grades should analyze family’s expenses, be realized in money worth, and be economical. The 3rd grade ones should be helpful to their family moderately and be generous to the others. 2nd state of education : training students to be able in applying Sufficiency Economy in school, make themselves and family’s incomes-expenses memo efficiently, participate in building the sufficiency in school and community by start surveying the resources and environment and participating in conserving them, also gathering their knowledge to use in learning community’s life styles and realizing in the worth of living moderately. 3rd state of education : applying the Sufficiency Economy with the community, participating in the community’s activities, also being able to survey and analyze the moderation in each state and dimension which are materialism , society, environment, and culture. Students should, as well, be able to apply this principle in living which lead to the behavior’s change for moderation at last. 4th state of education : preparing learners to be good and helpful people for the country by start letting them understand the sufficiency in a country’s state and the country’s development under the globalism situation, for example, analyzing the international marketing situation, or studying the environmental situation and social problems, etc.

79    At this moment, a commission of developing education and youth has cooperated with Ministry of Education and other various sections by having vision of creating network and expanding knowledge altogether with advertising in order to support the learning and understanding of Sufficiency Economy and to let the educational officers be able to integrate this principle in every subjects correctly, obviously, and fairly, also let the administrators to be able in using Sufficiency Economy in developing educational institutes successfully and happily. Using Sufficiency Economy in business organization After realizing in the need and confidence of using the philosophy of Sufficiency Economy in running the business, a state of using Sufficiency Economy in organization obviously and fairly needs the business leaders to concentrate and hold to this principle by start specifying a policy of sufficiency Economy and integrate the philosophy with the organization’s strategies using a principle of moderation, reasonableness, and self-awareness along with the knowledge condition and morality one,also determine the project plan and push it forward for the real and continual operation so that the organization’s operating can have a balanced and last-long growth. However, although a philosophy of Sufficiency Economy has the same concept, it can be applied in business organization without having a fixed pattern, so the administers have to consider the condition’s property and situation the organization has been facing by applying Sufficiency Economy philosophy in the following sections : Production The business’s leaders should determine the production amount that is proper to its production capacity by not receiving the orders if cannot produce enough products, plan the way of using resources by holding to the principle of worthiness and highest efficiency, also use the suitable and rightful technologies according to the academic principle, especially support the use of traditional raw materials and technologies produced using Thai’s folk wisdom without exploitation. Leaders should determine the raw material and stock’s management efficiently, produce various products in order to diversifying the risks, own the policy of employment in order to distribute the incomes without using the machines unless necessary, and determine the waste treatment so that it cannot be dangerous to the marketing’s environment.

80    The business’s leaders should be knowledgeable in the business they own and use the knowledge of truth in determining marketing policy, planning, and managing reasonably and fairly for the business organization’s actually advantages, and holding to the balancing principle in sharing profits among related persons, for example, officers, business partner, society, and environment, reasonably – determine the product’s price fairly and avoid using the outré advertisement for sales increase. In short term, use the research’s strategy in order to create the product’s innovation, both in creativity and new products, also improve and adjust the old ones to have higher benefit, property, and quality. Protect the customers’ data which will result in business’s relation. Also aim at doing the business honestly and nobly without exploitation the customers. In long term, the business’ leaders must consider their prompt, emphasize on the business they are good at, and expand their business gradually by first satisfying a traditional market’s requirement, then expand to the community and country ones. Have the policy for risk distribution by always searching for new way of product’s distribution. They should be cautious and careful in considering in order to prevent the possibly occurred failures. Moreover, they should check and follow the marketing situation continually, be up-to-date for every changes, be able to predict the opportunity and obstacle which might occur in the future so that they can increase the competing opportunity, be well-prepared, and adjust themselves for every changes properly by analyzing the organization’s strong point and weakness one, estimate the risks in advance so that they can handle them, emphasize on the risk distribution by owning lots of easy-process products for reducing the effects of economic cycle. Finance The business’s leaders plan for the trustworthy business which does not cause society the bad effects. Analyze the investment’s worth cautiously and reasonably, and invest in various businesses in order to reduce the financial risk. Avoid investing using so much loan that they cannot handle. Maintain a proper ratio between debt and assets and determine an investing policy without the short-term profit. They should emphasize a long-term security. Make a moderate profit, not so much that the business has to face the lack-of-security

81    risk, and not so little that they can barely survive. Arrange the system of saving money and cycling assets properly. The business’ leaders should support power’s distribution and deciding it in the organization’s section by widely and inclusively using the philosophy of Sufficiency Economy. Emphasize the use of budget creatively by determining considering framework in order to operate an organization’s project well. They should own the checking and following mechanism of using budget, payment, and other operations. Human resources The business leaders see through the worth and give an importance on continual staff’s development by using a philosophy of Sufficiency Economy, for example, selecting staffs using a principle of virtue by choosing an honest, good, and efficient one. They should focus on working as a team, train all staffs in using Sufficiency Economy philosophy, support a research and development in order to develop knowledge and innovation of business’s leaders and the use of Sufficiency Economy for organization’s and consumers’ highest advantages, plan for staff preparation in the future, determine the outcomes estimating indicator fairly and transparently, change the system of promotion to be what that are considering humans’ capability, determine a wage in a moderate level for organization’s status and labor’s market, and determine a welfare policy by supporting staffs to have good quality of lives and sanitation in working. Furthermore, business’s leaders must foster the consciousness of moderation in the employee, support the state of having creative popularity and build the ethnics in working. They should use honesty, patience, concentration, and diligence in solving any of obstacles so that their businesses can progress continually, also stimulating the organization’s culture of culture’s praise, support the generosity within an organization and responsibility to a society: make a publicizing plan or campaign of using a philosophy of Sufficiency Economy, follow the intellectual property rights, and honor the employee who has good behavior according to a philosophy of Sufficiency Economy. Society and Environment Business’s leaders support the adherence of morality and other related sections. They should not exploit public’s profit, and should not destroy or

82    cause bad effect upon society. Instead they should stimulate the employees to see through the worth of sharing for society : share knowledge by building the Sufficiency Economy learning network and publicize it more widely using various methods so that there can be knowledge’s and experience’s exchanging, also sharing the resources among the business alliance in order to help each other in raw materials, technology, and other intellects. Case Study : Toyota Manufacturing Company Limited Toyota Manufacturing Company Limited, an entrepreneur of electric appliances and electronic equipments, is a model organization that has earned a second-best reward of being an organization that runs the business using a philosophy of Sufficiency Economy in many ways, for example, in manufacturing by using the country’s raw materials in order to lessen the trade deficit, always improving and developing technologies and production by considering products’ safety and quality, arranging the MIC project which gave its staffs the opportunity of using Thai’s folk wisdom in product’s invention. Marketing knowing of its customers’ group. Arranging the policy of marketing’s promotion and selling which is proper to each country’s contract provisions and laws so that it can run the business correctly and fairly. Finance since the time it began running the business in 1969, the company has expanded its business continually and gradually by holding to the principle of conscious and reasonable investment, doing the financial report on behalf of the truth and sending it duly without adding something incorrect, and administrating its finance using a principle of good governance with transparency and ability to check. Human Resources determining the policy of supporting Thai’s employment. Maintaining the salaries and welfare in a law’s standard. Supporting the employee’s training and activities’ observation , both inside and outside a country. Founding a saving and credit cooperative inside the organization to support its employee in planning a way of using money, reducing the debts, building a saving discipline, and improving the employees’ quality of lives. Also, all employees will be fostered a way of living austerely, morally, honestly, and good consciously to themselves and environment. Society and Environment the company has built wastewater treatment system by using the treated one in the toilet. Use the released heat in foam

83    heating. It has made a campaign for energy’s saving by using the solar cells in heat production, and use LPG gas instead of benzene, made a campaign of using recyclable waste in order to reduce the garbage. The company has also launched lots of projects and activities for helping a society continually, for example, build a community’s network by giving outside sections the opportunity of activities’ observation, make a project of society’s volunteer: medical volunteer for helping victims, donation, giving the education fund to employee’s children and outsiders, blood donation, and activities for helping orphans, etc. (Office of sufficiency Economy,2008:1-10) At this moment, Toyota Manufacturing Company Limited has focused on running a business by using the “Green” Strategy or “Innovation for Green Society” in every sections of the organization, which comprised of 5 parts: (Nongnat Hanwilai,2008:1) 1. Green Product means that all products’ types of the company must be energy’s saving and be good for the environment in order to reduce the Global Warming risk. 2. Green Factory means that the company’s factories have changed the way of production to be one that focuses on environmental conservation by using the recyclable products and non-toxic raw materials. 3. Green Office means an environment inside the organization. All employees have helped each other in changing the organization to become the clean one which everybody altogether preserves environment, for example, a campaign of energy’s saving. 4. Green Purchasing means to buy raw materials that preserve environment, for example, using recycled paper. 5. Green CSR means making the highest benefit for society. According to the research of Assistant Professor Dr. Suksan Kuntabutra(2008:35) “A philosophy of Sufficiency Economy and Sufficiently Organization’s and Human Resources’administration” which spends 4 years doing the research on Thailand’s 264 small business organizations and Western Country’s 28 big business ones, he has found that these organizations have run their business according to a philosophy of Sufficiency Economy.

84    The process of driving Sufficiency Economy has emphasized on building knowledge and understanding, fostering people to change their lifestyles by holding on the principle of Sufficiency Economy so that they would be able to apply it in living properly with themselves, family, organizations, community, which lead to the changing of development to be based on Sufficiency Economy. Activity 1. Divide into groups of 5-8 persons each. 2. Search for the folk wisdom of Sufficiency Economy in the community of closing area. 3. Note the learning and performing of folk wisdom. 4. Make a conclusion in each group and send in as the report form.

85    Bibliography Office of Sufficiency Economy. เศรษฐกิจพอเพียงคืออะไร. Bangkok: Office of the National Economics and Social Development Board, 2007. Office of Sufficiency Economy. การสรา งขบวนการขบั เคลื่อนเศรษฐกจิ พอเพียง. (2nd edition). Bangkok : Bangkok: Office of the National Economics and Social Development Board, 2005. United Nations Development Programme. 2007’s Thailand Human Development Report : Sufficiency Economy and Human Development. Bangkok : The United Nations Partnership Framework, 2007. Office of the Royal Development Projects Boards. เศรษฐกจิ พอเพียง. Bangkok : Office of the Royal Development Projects Boards , 2004. Preeyanuth Phiboonsarawuth. คลงั หลวงกบั หลกั ปรัชญาของเศรษฐกจิ พเพยี ง. Bangkok : Pimsuay Co.,Ltd., 2011. Piyaanuth Wang-ji,et al. รายงานการวจิ ัยศกึ ษาการประกอบอาชีพตามหลกั ปรัชญาเศรษฐกิจพอเพยี งของ ชมุ ชนบานโงกนํ้า. Taksin University,2007. การแสวงหาความรู. [Online]. Retrieve from http://guru.google.co.th/guru/thread?tid=6ba266b15de3d75f On 6th November 2011. พัฒนาทักษะการแสวงหาความรูใหก ับตนเอง. [Online]. Retrieve from http://www.bangkapi.ac.th/MediaOnLine/weerawanWMD/unit7_part17 .htm on 6th November 2011. เศรษฐกิจแบบพอเพยี ง. [Online]. Retrieve from http://www.prdnorth.in.th/The_King/justeconomic.php on 8th November 2011.      

86    Organizers Advisers 1. Mr. Prasert Boonruang Secretary General of the ONIE 2. Dr. Chaiyos Imsuwann Deputy Secretary General of the ONIE 3. Mr. Vatcharin Jumpi Deputy Secretary General of the ONIE 4. Dr. Thongyu Kaewsaiha Adviser of the ONIE’s English Curriculum Development 5. Mrs. Rukkana Tunthawutto Director of the Non-Formal Educational Development Authors and Compliers Director of the ONIE, Jomphra, Surin 1. Mr. Sarayuth Boonejeiri province 2. Mr. jumnong Nhunill 3. Mrs. Phatsuda Sornsue ONIE’s member, Amphoe Muang , Nakhonsithammarat province Non-Formal Educational Development Editors and Developers 1. Mrs. Phatsuda Sornsue Non-Formal Educational Development 2. Mr. U-shu Shuaebohrka ONIE’s member, Amphoe Lang Suan , Chumphon province 3. Miss Phatchara Siriphongsharoj ONIE,Krabi province 4. Mr. Withaya Buranahirun ONIE, Phangnga province. 5. Mr. jumnong Nhunill ONIE’s member, Amphoe Muang , Nakhonsithammarat province Working group 1. Mr. Suraphong Munmanoe Non-Formal Educational Development 2. Mr. Supachoke Srirattanasil Non-Formal Educational Development

87    3. Miss Wannaporn Pattamanont Non-Formal Educational Development 4. Miss Sirinya Kullapradit Non-Formal Educational 5. Miss Petcharin Ludngjitwattana Development Non-Formal Educational Development Publisher Ludngjitwattana Non-Formal Educational Miss Petcharin Development Cover’s Designer Non-Formal Educational Mr. Supachoke Srirattanasil Development

88    2nd Edition Developments and Adaptations Advisers Boonruang Secretary General of the ONIE 1. Mr. Prasert 2. Dr. Chaiyos Imsuwann Deputy Secretary General of the ONIE 3. Mr. Vatcharin Jumpi Deputy Secretary General of the ONIE 4. Mrs. Wattanee Jun O-kul Educational Media Development Specialist 5. Mrs. Chuleeporn Phataninnaat Educational Broadcasting Specialist 6. Mrs. Aunchalee Thummavitheekul Educational Supervisor 7. Mrs. Suttinee Ngamkate Director of Non-Formal Educational Development 2nd Edition Developers and Improvers 1. Mrs. Phakapan Wattanapranee Retired government officer 2. Sergeant Major 1st class Uaiporn Siriwann Director of the ONIE, Bangsaphannoi, Prachuapkhirikhan province 3. Mrs. Rhudee Siriphap Director of the ONIE, Bangbuathong, Nonthaburi province 4. Miss Surattana Buranawit East Regional Institute for Non-Formal and Informal Education 5. Miss Thanasuang Chaichanthipayuth Non-Formal Educational Development 6. Miss Yaowarattana Kumtrong Non-Formal Educational Development Translator Miss Worada Jarupoonphol