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SDP Exhibition Booklet

CoE IAU 2023

Engineering is the art of directing the great sources of power in nature





Abstract:

Biomedical Engineering

Designing of an EOG Based Communication System for Locked-in Syndrome Patients Advisor: Dr. Saleh Alzahrani Co-Supervisor: Eng. Bushra Melhem Najat Alomari - Sarah Alkilani - Lama Alghamdi ABSTRACT Locked-in Syndrome (LIS) is a neurological disorder that leads individuals to completely loss of control of their voluntary muscle movements, leaving them with the ability to perform only eye movements in vertical and horizontal directions and blinking. Due to this limitation, a system based on eye movements is necessary for them to communicate with others. In order to track eye movements, electrooculogram (EOG) signals can be used. This project aims to develop a verbal Arabic communication system based on EOG signals. Using threshold values, duration, and standard deviation, a recognition software will identify eye movements and blinks and convert them into letters using Morse code. The data will be then sent to a mobile application via Bluetooth. In terms of cost and e ciency, the designed acquisition circuit was compared to the openBCI Cyton board circuit. The designed circuit has a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 25.208 dB and a total cost of 572.5 SAR, while the OpenBCI board has an SNR of 23.342 dB and costs 1500 SAR. For the software, 10 subjects were selected for the purpose of testing the software’s e ective- ness. The subjects were asked to perform certain eye movements such as blinking and looking up. The system was able to recognize the correct movement with 88.43% accura- cy and the information transfer rate was 10.43 letters/minute. BIOEN-2101

Activity-Based, Rate-Responsive Control System for Pacemakers Advisor: Dr. Abdul-Hakeem Alomari Co-Supervisor: Dr. Ibraheem AlJamaan, Eng. Kamran Khawaja Kamal YMaroahAalQmaehdtaNnia-ySealmar BAlasdhrahArahnmi ed Al-Qahtani Ahmed KAhbarlaerdAAlfal-kHhra-nJeonud AMlnoasnstehrer Abdullah Al-Khalaf Abstract: Cardiovascular diseases such as 3rd degree atrioventricular block are the main causes of mortality in the developed countries. Therefore, the medical treatment of such diseases using implantable cardiac devices such as the pacemaker has become widely used today. Even though nowadays pacemakers can cope with patient demands, the design of an activity-based control system that response to physical activities of the patient accordingly is crucial. The project proposes Activi- ty-Based, Rate-Responsive Control System for Pacemakers. The project aims to design a rate-responsive control system for pacemakers that uses the physical activity of the body as feedback. In which, the process involves creating a proto- type that obtains raw signals from the accelerometer. These signals were then processed in MATLAB and LabVIEW using speci c algorithms for monitoring the patient's activities and the connection between the SA and AV nodes. The control system is responsible for ensuring that the pacemaker functions optimally. A closed-loop feedback system is continuously monitoring contractions of the right atrium and the right ventricle. This process enables the system to take corrective measures when necessary, ensuring that the patient's heart does not skip any pulse. BIOEN-2202

Design of a Non-invasive Optical Sensor for the Early Detection of Hyperbilirubinemia Supervisor: Dr. Gameel Saleh Co-Supervisor: Eng. Wala’a Almuraikhi Doaa Bahbry - Sarah AlSafran - Marwah AlOtaibi ABSTRACT Jaundice is the yellowish appearance of the skin, sclera, and mucous membranes due to an excess breakdown of red blood cells followed by increasing bilirubin levels. In newborns, physiological hyperbilirubinemia causes neonatal jaundice occurs in >80% of cases during the rst week of life. If left untreated, sever cases could develop kernicterus if the extra bilirubin goes from the blood circulation to the brain tissue. Furthermore, high bilirubin level is an indication of hepatitis. Global statistics of hepatitis show that more than 1.3 million people die every year due to acute or chronic consequences of advanced liver damage. Therefore, bilirubin levels should be monitored periodically in a convenient, low-risk and reliable technique. The conventional method to detect hyperbilirubinemia is the invasive method that requires blood sample test, which can be a painful and time-consuming process for patients. Additionally, the risk of infection increases with the use of invasive methods and might cause discomfort to the baby. To overcome these issues, this project aims to design a non-invasive optical sensor that utilizes light wave- length absorption to measure bilirubin levels in the skin, reducing the use of painful and invasive blood samples and providing a low-cost portable design. This approach o ers a more reliable method through the following: By using two di erent wavelengths, one that is absorbed by bilirubin and another that is not, bilirubin concentration can be estimated correctly. The di erences between the absorbance of two wavelengths can be used to eliminate the interference of other skin constituents like hemoglobin and mela- BIOEN-2203

Design of a Non-invasive Optical Sensor for the Early Detection of Hyperbilirubinemia Supervisor: Dr. Gameel Saleh Co-Supervisor: Eng. Wala’a Almuraikhi Doaa Bahbry - Sarah AlSafran - Marwah AlOtaibi ABSTRACT nin. Moreover, the ear lobe was chosen as an applicable site of measurement. This is because it is thin, boneless, and has a rich blood supply, which allows for accurate measurement of bilirubin levels. In terms of data analysis, di erent regression models were compared to determine the best method to estimate bilirubin concentration. Besides that, classi cation model of machine learning used to predict the severity of bilirubin condition specially at neonatal age. The design converted to telemonitoring device by developing mobile application to follow-up patient condition, reduce re-hospi- talizations and move patient care from clinic to home using point-of-care device. BIOEN-2203

Design and development of a non-invasive mi- crowave sensor for blood glucose detection using a complementary split ring resonator Dr. Gameel Saleh Co-Supervisor: Eng. Mohammed Albiloush Ghaida Allahham - Shahd Qareesh - Ethar Albarakat Abstract: Measurement of glucose invasively is a painful, uncomfortable procedure and can cause infection. This work aims to design a non-invasive microwave sensor for blood glucose detection for normal and diabetic subjects. In this work, a micro- wave sensor based on a complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) has been designed. The sensor is intended to detect the changes in dielectric properties of the tissue which is caused by the variation in glucose concentrations. This change in permittivity can be addressed as a shift in the resonance frequency or the ampli- tude of transmission coe cient. This technique provides an easy and painless method for blood glucose detection. The nal prototype will be a nger clip were the user put his nger inside it, then measurements will be taken. BIOEN-2204

Design of an Epidural Needle with Force Puncture Guidance Advisor: Dr. Murad Althobaiti Co-Supervisor: Eng. Kamran Khawaja Yara Alagl - Najwa Alzahrani - Sara Alzahrani ABSTRACT Epidural injection is commonly used to provide analgesia for labor, pain relief after certain surgeries, and to treat acute back pain. In this procedure, high experience and caution are required to correctly insert the needle without puncturing the dura mater, which is a brous layer protecting the spinal cord. Thus, many techniques have been suggested for injection guidance such as Optical Coherence Tomography, Fiber Bragg Grating Force Device, and Loss of Resistance technique, where some of them are having limitations as the cost and the inability to detect needle placement correctly. In this project, a new approach is suggested that explores a spinal needle design which utilizes di erent tissue forces to guide the physician during insertion; thus, increasing lumbar puncture success rate and decreasing lumbar trauma. The design employs subminiature load cell embedded in the spinal needle to measure the force of each layer based on the change of the strain gauge, which is a electrical resistance varies with applied force. By knowing the range of the force for each layer, the spinal needle is successfully inserted in the epidural space. To verify the idea, a spinal phantom is designed to test the force caused by each layer. Moreover, the variation of the force value was studied, where it was found that force of the ligamentum avum, interspinous ligament, muscle, fat, skin and epidural space from high to low respectively. Finally, our system shows high accuracy. BIOEN-2105

Compact non-invasive microwave biosensor to mo- nitor the blood glucose level using a split ring resonator Supervisor: Prof. Ibraheem Al-Naib Co-Supervisor: Eng. Hind Al-Yahya Rana Awad Alserhani - Bayan Husain Alattas - Anfal Hameed Abstract: Poor management of diabetes can result in major health problems such as heart disease, kidney failure, strokes, and lower extremity amputations. Until recently, invasive technologies such as nger-pricking were used to measure and manage blood glucose levels in diabetic patients. Microwave biosensors have captured the interest of researchers due to their excel- lent accuracy and precision in sensing applications. As a result, throughout this project, a non-invasive biosensor based on split diamond resonators at microwave frequencies is designed, implemented, and tested for providing glucose concen- tration measurements. The sensor is contacted with the subject's nger to establish a correlation between glucose level, frequency shift, and/or insertion loss amplitude level. BIOEN-2206

Design of an Automatic Vehicle Acceleration Suppressive System Based on Driver Vigilance Status Supervisor: Dr. Abdul-Hakeem Al-Omari Co-Supervisor: Dr. Lola El Sahmarany, Eng. Hind Al-Yahya Maryam Alkhaldi - Atheer Alrashed - Razan Alessa - Taif Al Omar ABSTRACT Drowsiness is a natural phenomenon that happens to humans due to a lack of sleep or some illnesses. Being drowsy during driving causes about 43% of vehicle accidents and 27% of near accidents. Many new technologies are being developed to address the issue of drowsy driving. The aim of this project is to design and implement an automatic vehicle acceleration suppressive system based on driver vigilance status. In this project, the FSR and the GSR biosensors are employed to detect driver vigilance, as they feature in the force-sensing resistor and the galvanic skin response, respectively. The FSR sensor is attached around the steering wheel, while the GSR sensor is attached to the driver's ngers. When no pressure is detected from the FSR sensor alarm one will be activated. Alarm two concerns the GSR signal; it will be active when it reaches the threshold. If alarm two is activated, the system will release a continuous audible alarm to alert the driver and asher lights to warn the surroundings. Moreover, it activates the Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) system that measures the distance between the driver's vehicle and any obstacle ahead to control the vehicle's speed. The obstacle avoidance system will always be activated, whether the driver is awake or drowsy. Various approaches are taken to nd the optimum system design and the appropriate sensors to meet our objectives. BIOEN-2107

Design of a Lifesaving Cardiopulmonary Resuscita- tion (CPR) Device Supervisor: Dr. Lola ElSahmarany Co-Advisors: Eng. Shaykhah AlMaghrabi Laila AlMuhammadi - Majd AlZahrani Mariam AlShaiji - Sarah Alnemer Abstract: A main cause of death in industrial countries is cardiac arrest – an electrical issue that causes sudden de ciency of the cardiac mechanical activity and a ects the blood-pumping circulation. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) is the process used to treat patients who undergo sudden cardiac arrest as it essentially restores the blood ow to the body organs. A successful CPR requires the proper following of CPR procedure, guidelines, and regulations; according to the American Heart Association (AHA), the quality of CPR is an important factor in raising the number of survivors. The CPR quality depends on several parameters: depth of chest compressions, rate of chest compressions, and hands-o time during the CPR procedure. These parameters are hardly maintained in manual CPR procedures due to several factors including fatigue encountered by the rescuer, the interrup- tions he/she may face, and the lack of experience/practice. Therefore, mechanical CPR devices have been introduced to overcome these limitations by performing high-quality chest compressions based on medical guidelines and engineering standards. By which, several clinical and laboratory studies have shown an improvement in neurological outcomes and return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) rates after prolonged cardiac arrests that underwent chest compressions using mechanical CPR devices. Unfortunately, the current mechanical CPR devices BIOEN-2208

Design of a Portable Non-radioactive Device for Long Bone Fracture Detection Supervisor: Dr. Lola ElSahmarny Co-Supervisor: Eng. Mariam Hegazi Reem Alshabanah - Azhar Almarshad - Zahra Almaateeq - Nawal Alhogail ABSTRACT The World Health Organization estimates that 66% of the world’s population lacks access to basic radiography services. In addition, cost, need of trained personnel, and lack of imaging technologies in many situations or areas, speci cally, in rural or remote settings, are all obstacles that may lead many individuals to end up with undiagnosed bone fractures. This project aims to develop a portable, low-cost, non-radioactive device to detect bone fractures using acoustic vibrational signals. However, it is not intended to replace the radiography diagnostic tools, but it can serve the underserved individuals. The device’s working principle relies on inducing acoustic vibrations and detecting the resulting signal, along with measuring the surface temperature. Speci cally, by obtaining the surface temperature and vibration response of two symmetrical bones, their results can be compared to obtain a diagnosis. The di erence in the vibration response is charac- terized by an amplitude reduction in the frequency domain for the fractured bone. A preliminary analysis was made to specify the threshold of the amplitude reduction between the fractured and healthy bone, which was concluded to be 31%. The nal prototype of the device was tested on prepared phantoms. The results showed that the device has a sensitivity of 88.8% and a speci city of 77.7%. As for the accuracy, it was found to be 83.3%. The outcome of the designed system provides a promising approach for modern bone fracture diagnostic devices. BIOEN-2109

BIOEN-22010 Design of a Non-invasive Wearable Device for Internal Bleeding Detection Supervisor: Dr. Lola ElSahmarany Co-Supervisor: Eng. Shaykah Almaghrabi Eng. Rana Hourani Danah Almutawa - Yasmeen Abu Al-Saud - Zynab Khamis Abstract: Brain hemorrhage is de ned as bleeding within the brain tissue itself, or between the brain tissue and the skull, which can result in brain damage and is character- ized as life-threatening if not immediately responded to. Brain internal bleeding is one of the leading causes of trauma- associated mortality worldwide due to the sudden progression of symptoms like tachycardia and hypotension, where patients might not notice them until losing up to 30% of blood volume. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) or Computed Tomography (CT) are commonly used detection methods. However, they are relatively expensive and time consuming. In this project, a non-invasive wearable brain internal bleeding detection device is designed. It targets people with chronic diseases that are highly prone to develop- ing brain hemorrhages without visible or noticeable symptoms such as patients with aneurysms or hypertension. The device aims to save patients’ lives by provid- ing an early detection of their active bleeding, as they are required to wear it at least once a day for a short period of time to ensure that no internal bleeding has taken place. The design is based on the principles of two newly developed technologies, Magnetic Induction Tomography (MIT) and Volumetric Integral Phase Shift (VIPS), to monitor and detect changes in the blood volume by detect- ing the changes in the dielectric properties of the brain during internal bleeding such as phase shifts. Along with these technologies, a speci c range of frequencies lying in the range 400 to 500 MHz should be involved in order to acquire optimum detection results from the designed device. The device is designed using a single copper coil worn around the patient’s head. The results were validated using CST studio suite® software for the simulation part, and VNA measurement in the exper-

Design of a Non-invasive Wearable Device for Internal Bleeding Detection Supervisor: Dr. Lola ElSahmarany Co-Supervisor: Eng. Shaykah Almaghrabi Eng. Rana Hourani Danah Almutawa - Yasmeen Abu Al-Saud - Zynab Khamis Abstract: -imental part of the project. These obtained results were then compared and analysed, and it was perceived that the results were in agreement, and a phase shift had occurred in the event of volume change. Overall, the design will have a signi cant impact on the society, the environment, the economy and global health. BIOEN-22010

Design of an accurate and low-cost automated mechanical ventilator Supervisor: Dr. Mahbubunnabi Tamal Eng. Maha Ali Eman Alshutbi - Aqilah Al-Mobarieek - Mai Almutairi ABSTRACT Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) causes acute respiratory distress (ARSD), so patients need oxygen to regulate their breathing rates. As this disease increased, the need for ventilators increased. Unfortunately, the available ventilators are few and expensive. This project aims to design an accurate, reliable, low-cost automated mechanical ventilator. It is an automatic system to provide a precise amount of oxygen to the patient via a control- lable system for emergency cases. The device's performance will be checked via standard ventilation simulator. BIOEN-21011

Wearable EMG & Accelerometer Based Hu- man-Computer Interaction for Tetraplegic Users Supervisor: Dr. Ibrahim AlJamaan Co-Supervisor: Eng. Mariam Hegazi Rahaf Fahad Alqadda - Dalal Dibssan Alahmari Fatimah Bader Alhumaidi - Kawther Haroun Alsadah Abstract: According to the World Health Organization, new people su er from spinal cord injuries (SCI) each year and the most common type of SCI is tetraplegia, where the person loses the motor ability of their limbs. Hence, people with tetraplegia strug- gle to adapt to their new lives after the injury due to the di culties they face when interacting with their surroundings. Assistive technologies are used to overcome their di culties. There are various types of assistive technologies in the market each with di erent speci cations. However, these technologies are often over-priced or abandoned due to their inaccuracy, discomfort, or di culty in usage. This project aims to create a low-cost and easy-to-use wearable headband that facilitates human-computer interactions using electromyography (EMG) and accelerometery sensors. The proposed device would help tetraplegic people interact with the technology surrounding them by clenching their jaw or slightly BIOEN-22012

Wearable EMG & Accelerometer Based Hu- man-Computer Interaction for Tetraplegic Users Supervisor: Dr. Ibrahim AlJamaan Co-Supervisor: Eng. Mariam Hegazi Rahaf Fahad Alqadda - Dalal Dibssan Alahmari Fatimah Bader Alhumaidi - Kawther Haroun Alsadah Abstract: moving their heads. Initially, the device is going to be programmed to control a wheelchair, a computer, and a smart home system. Also, the suggested open-source device will allow the user to add additional devices they wish to control if it has Bluetooth. BIOEN-22012

Optical based monitoring device for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Supervisor: Dr.Murad Althobaiti Co-Supervisor: Eng.Kamran Hameed Ahmed Alsomali - Ali Aljunayd - Eyad Almuzien ABSTRACT Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide. 70% of COPD hospitalization cases are due to exacerbation; this can happen when respiratory symptoms become much more severe. This project aims to design a continuous monitoring system that can analyze the user's vital signs and predict the occurrence of an exacerbation. Patient data will be connected to cloud storage data, there the signal will be processed and sent back to the patient to notify the user to receive the proper care. The prototype will consist of a wearable photoplethysmogram sensor that will analyze the patient’s vital parameters, which are heart rate, oxygen saturation, and respiratory rate. Additionally, software for storing and displaying data is provided. BIOEN-21013

Designing A Low-Cost Drowsiness Detection System Using EEG Signals Supervisor: Dr. Saleh Alzahrani Co-supervisor: Dr. Mohammed Albiloushi Saifullah Akbar - Omar Shaikh Zain Mahdi Alhaiz - Saud Almutairi Abstract: Drowsiness is the state of falling asleep or dozing o and it can be extremely dangerous in high-risk situations such as driving. Drowsiness detection system with an alarm system can alert the person in such situations to avoid any accidents. Various detection techniques have been developed in literature including Galvan- ic Skin Response (GSR), EOG, EEG, and Arti cial Intelligence cameras. EEG has been used over many years for sleep studies to monitor changes that occur when the user transitions to sleep. These changes are mainly noticed in the alpha, beta, and theta bands of the EEG. This project aims to develop a low-cost and real-time drowsiness detection system with an alarm system to alert users in high-risk situations. The proposed design involves single channel EEG electrodes, which is convenient in terms of complexity and practicality for the users, as it does not involve several wires. The circuit design featured an instrumentation ampli er, driven right leg, bandpass lter, 60 Hz notch lter, and a gain stage. The circuit was designed on mini breadboards to make it compact, which can then be inserted into the designed 3D printed headset. BIOEN-22014

Designing A Low-Cost Drowsiness Detection System Using EEG Signals Supervisor: Dr. Saleh Alzahrani Co-supervisor: Dr. Mohammed Albiloushi Saifullah Akbar - Omar Shaikh Zain Mahdi Alhaiz - Saud Almutairi Abstract: The heart of the project lied in the digital signal processing, and a simple algorithm was developed in LabVIEW which used power spectral density to detect changes in the alpha wave when eyes are closed which would then trigger an alarm system. The system was tested on 10 healthy male subjects to determine the average response time and accuracy of the system. The average response time obtained was 2.13 seconds with a standard deviation of 0.82 seconds, and an accuracy of 92.6%. BIOEN-22014

Maternity Ward Security System Supervisor: Dr. AbdulKareem Jabali Co-supervisor: Eng. Ijlal Shahrukh Faisal Sawaftah - Salah Alden Matar Hassan Khalifa - Abdulrahman Alshammari ABSTRACT Caring about the security of the infants and their mothers in the maternity wards is essen- tial in any hospital around the world. According to the NCMEC report {1964 to 2022}, Total abductions of infants related to healthcare (337) in the USA. So, the hospitals are making a huge contribution by attempting to create a system that would keep the moms and their infants safe. In this project, our main goal is to design a system that would detect any abduction or mix-up cases for babies in the maternity ward. BIOEN-21015

Designing A Low-Cost Drowsiness Detection System Using EEG Signals Supervisor: Dr. Ibrahim Aljamaan Co-supervisor: Eng. Ijlal Shahrukh Farooq Dandal - Mohammed Alqahtani Mohammed Alharbi - Ehab Alessa Abstract: This senior design project focuses on designing a smart glove tailored for aerobic athletes, aiming to provide accurate vital sign readings while on the move and o er personalized feedback to improve performance. The glove features a casing secured to the upper side of the glove, housing a microcontroller and other essen- tial sensors. Additionally, a vital sign sensor is positioned in contact with the index nger to measure SpO2, heart rate, and temperature. All sensor data is transmitted to the microcontroller, which then sends the information to the Arduino IoT cloud for display on computers or mobile phones on a userfriendly interface. The design methodology includes careful consideration of the sensors, microcontroller integration, and cloud connectivity. The results demonstrate that through real-time data analysis, athletes can make informed decisions based on the provid- ed feedback, allowing them to optimize their training routines. BIOEN-22016

Enviromental Engineering

Evaluation of different natural and synthetic liner materials used in landfill drainage layer design and calculations of associated carbon footprints Supervisor: Dr.Murad Althobaiti Co-Supervisor: Eng.Kamran Hameed Ahmed Alsomali - Ali Aljunayd - Eyad Almuzien ABSTRACT Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide. 70% of COPD hospitalization cases are due to exacerbation; this can happen when respiratory symptoms become much more severe. This project aims to design a continuous monitoring system that can analyze the user's vital signs and predict the occurrence of an exacerbation. Patient data will be connected to cloud storage data, there the signal will be processed and sent back to the patient to notify the user to receive the proper care. The prototype will consist of a wearable photoplethysmogram sensor that will analyze the patient’s vital parameters, which are heart rate, oxygen saturation, and respiratory rate. Additionally, software for storing and displaying data is provided. ENVEN-2201

Evaluation of different natural and synthetic liner materials used in landfill drainage layer design and calculations of associated carbon footprints Advisor: Dr. Nassir Students: Badr Ahmed Al-Qahtani Monther Abdullah Al-Khalaf Kamal Mohamed Nayel Ahmed Khaled Al-Hanen Abstract: One of the modern methods to enhance the efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) systems is by implementing a solar tracking mechanism in order to redirect PV modules toward the sun throughout the day. However, the use of solar trackers increases the electrical consumption of the system, and therefore, hinders its net generated energy. In this study, a novel self-tracking solar-driven PV system is proposed. The smart solar-driven thermomechanical actuator takes advantage of a solar heat collector (SHC) device, in the form of a parabolic trough solar concentrator (PTC), and smart shape memory alloy (SMA) to produce effective mechanical energy from sun rays towards solar tracking applications. A thermal-optical analysis is presented to evaluate the performance of the solar concentrator for the simulated weather condition of Dammam city, Saudi Arabia. The numerical results of the thermal and optical analyses show the promising feasibility of the proposed system in which SMA springs with an activation temperature between 31.09 °C and 45.15°C can be utilized for the self-tracking PV system. The work presented adds to the body of knowledge an advanced SMA-based SHC device for self and solar-based actuation systems that enables further expansions within modern and advanced solar thermal applications.