Knowledge of diseases and animal control methods at the Grand Kanem in Chad

Journal of Research in Biology ISSN No: Print: 2231 –6280; Online: 2231- 6299 An International Scientific Research Journal Original Research Knowledge of diseases and animal control methods at the Grand Kanem in Chad Journal of Research in Biology Authors: ABSTRACT: 1 Ban-Bo Bebanto Antipas , The purpose of this study at first was to know the level of knowledge of 2 Mian-Oudanang Koussou , farmers on recurrent diseases in Grand Kanem and ways to fight against them; and 2 Mopate Logténé Youssouf , 2 Nakour Nargaye , and secondly to provide NGOs and policy makers with ways to improve the animal health 2 Brahim Guihini . situation of animals in this region. Two team of experts were formed to cover the area of study in 10 days. Operating income for the livestock system is concerned mainly in the study. Sheets serving as guides for interviews focused on the following points: the most common diseases, the disease name in the vernacular, the periods of their appearance, the manifestation of these diseases, the major difficulties to fight against these diseases and so on. The individual interviews with farmers and groups (focus) helped to know the level of knowledge of recurrent diseases in the region. The description of the manifestation of certain diseases, their time of onset and the Institution: 1. Faculty of Exact Sciences socioeconomic consequences show familiarity among breeders with these and Applied - University of conditions. Although most farmers are aware of the products that can protect their N'Djamena Po Box:1027, flock, non-mastery of preventive practices is a serious handicap for the development N’Djamena, Chad. of this segment of the population in Chad. Viral, bacterial and parasitic diseases remain a major challenge for the health of animals in the area. Pastoralism is the best 2. Livestock Research organized farming system of the area which seems to be one of the factors favoring Institute for Development Po Box: 433, N’Djamena, the emergence of diseases. Access to services, products and the lack of respondent Chad. breeders are also factors favoring the emergence of disease. Risk factors are not known by breeders, technical care and treatment are also not mastered by them. Preventive measures associated with these diseases are poorly understood. Awareness and training programs should be done for breeders in order to improve appropriate techniques and practices in the conduct of improving healthy livestock, through vaccination of livestock breeders and structures are contributing to improve the quality of animal health in the area. Corresponding author: Keywords: Ban-Bo Bebanto Antipas. Diseases, Factors favoring, Prevention, Health status, Breeders, Grand Kanem, Chad. Email Id: Article Citation: Ban-Bo Bebanto Antipas, Mian-Oudanang Koussou, Mopate Logténé Youssouf, Nakour Nargaye and Brahim Guihini. Knowledge of diseases and animal control methods at the Grand Kanem in Chad. Journal of Research in Biology (2014) 4(5): 1387-1396 Web Address: Dates: http://jresearchbiology.com/ documents/RA0455.pdf. Received: 09 Jun 2014 Accepted: 07 Jul 2014 Published: 21 Jul 2014 This article is governed by the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/2.0), which gives permission for unrestricted use, non-commercial, distribution and reproduction in all medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 1387-1396 | JRB | 2014 | Vol 4 | No 5 Journal of Research in Biology An International Scientific Research Journal www.jresearchbiology.com

Ban-bo et al., 2014 INTRODUCTION Chari-Baguirmi and Hadjer-Lamis which are reception Since 90s, a period of privatization in Chad, areas for farmers from Grand Kanem during the dry certain animal diseases are increasingly recurrent and season. Two teams of five persons each have been prevalent in the area. According to the Direction of established to cover the area in ten days. The first team Veterinary Services, telluric diseases (anthrax, blackleg traveled across Northern Kanem and Lake Chad, and the and pasteurellosis), pleuropneumonia (CBPP) and other other team travelled across the Bahr El Gazal and viral bacterial and parasitic origins of diseases are more Hadjer-Lamis. The routes for both the teams were by recurrent in Chad. However, the health protection of formulated technicians of the ACF with more or less livestock is a concern for both administrative authorities flexibility due to difficulties encountered in the field and farmers. The withdrawal of the state, not perceptible such as dispersion breeders and difficulty of the presence of private, inadequate immunization coverage movement. In total 11 villages and 24 wells and ferrick in the country, the lack of knowledge of predisposing were surveyed by both these teams. factors onset and propagation, not mastery of technical Investigations care and treatment animals are the problems that seem to Three investigative tools have been implemented be the cause for the recurrence of diseases. In order to in the field viz: the Focus Group, individual surveys and propose ways of improving the health, a study was observations. Various contexts which were faced, have conducted in the Grand Kanem region by the NGO led to the flexibility in implementing these two Action Against Hunger (ACF-France). This region is the methods. When meeting with the farmers were held at trait of union between desert and Sudanian zone that the well or in a place where there was a ceremony, imposes husbandry practices. These practices and the Focus Group has been consistently favored over traditional breeding techniques handed down from individual interviews. generation to generation seem to be well It is arrived é in some villages visited féricks the mastered. Transhumance is one of the best mastered number of farmers present was insufficient to hold practices known to be found among them. However, a Focus Group, in these cases, we conducted individual difficulties observed in the sanitary practices of this area interviews. make the work of NGOs ineffective. Hence, objective of The survey, conducted in the form of focus and this study is to know the level of knowledge of diseases individual interviews focused among others on the by farmers to better understand the ways of prevention following points: farming practices, the most common and fight against them. illnesses, the disease name in the vernacular, the periods of their occurrence, manifestation of these diseases, the MATERIALS AND METHODS major difficulties to fight against these diseases, etc. Study Area Direct Observation It corresponds to the area of intervention of the In this study we watched some sick animals that ACF. This is a set of three administrative regions: Lake have been presented. But different case did not justify a (Lake area and the islands), Kanem (North Kanem, levy to be made. Northern Nokou) and Bahr El Ghazal (Soulia). They The results were discussed with representatives form what is called the Grand Kanem; farmers of the local veterinary authorities and with spend there in the rainy season-an attachment area representatives of the ACF to ensure knowledge of these for ranchers. These three regions are added to diseases by farmers. Direction of Veterinary Services 1388 Journal of Research in Biology (2014) 4(5): 1387-1396