Kerala State Syllabus 9th Standard Physics Textbooks Malayalam Medium Part 2 (1)

NT-815-1-PHYSICS-9-M-VOL.2 Ãm≥tU¿Uv IX `mKw ˛ 2 tIc-f-k¿°m¿ hnZym`- ymk- h- I- p∏v kwÿm\\ hnZym-`ymk Kth-jW ]cn-io-e\\ kanXn (SCERT), tIcfw 2019

tZio-b-Km\\w P\\-K-W-a-\\- -A-[n-\\m-bI Pbtl `mc-X -`m-Ky-hn-[mXm, ]©m-_-kn‘p KpP-dmØ admTm {ZmhnU DXv°e- - _wK- m, hn‘y-ln-am-N-e -b-ap\\mKwKm, D—e Pe[- nXc- wKm, Xhi- p`- \\- mta PmtK, Xh-ip` Bin-j -am-tK, Kmtl Xh- P-b- KmYm P\\K- W- a- wK- e- Z- mb- I Pbtl `mc-X- `m-Ky-hn-[mXm, Pbt- l, Pbt- l, Pbt- l, Pb Pb Pb Pbtl! {]Xn⁄ C¥y Fs‚ cmPy-am-Wv. F√m C¥y-°mcpw Fs‚ ktlm-Z-co- ktlmZc-∑m-cm-Wv. Rm≥ Fs‚ cmPysØ kvt\\ln-°p∂p; kºq¿Whpw sshhn-[y-]q¿W-hp-amb AXns‚ ]mc-º-cy-Øn¬ Rm≥ A`n-am\\w sIm≈p∂p. Rm≥ Fs‚ amXm]- nX- m°- s- fbpw Kpcp°- ∑- ms- cbpw apXn¿∂-hscbpw _lp-am-\\n-°pw. Rm≥ Fs‚ cmPy-Øn-s‚bpw Fs‚ \\m´p-Im-cp- sSbpw t£a-Øn\\pw sFiz-cy-Øn-\\pw- th≠n {]bXv\\n°pw. State Council of Educational Research and Training (SCERT) Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, Kerala Website : www.scertkerala.gov.in, e-mail : [email protected] Phone : 0471 - 2341883, Fax : 0471 - 2341869 Typesetting and Layout : SCERT Printed at : KBPS, Kakkanad, Kochi-30 © Department of Education, Government of Kerala

{]nb-s∏´ hnZ-ym¿Yn-Itf, Np‰p-]m-SpIƒ \\nco-£n-°m\\pw efn-X-amb ]co-£-W-ß-fnepw At\\z- jW{]h¿Ø\\- ß- f- nepw G¿s∏S- m\\pw ap≥ ¢mkpI- f- n¬ \\n߃°v Ah- kcw e`n-®n-´p-≠-t√m. e`n® hnh-c-߃ Nn´-bmbn tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øm\\pw N¿®b- ne- qs- Sbpw hniI- e- \\- Ø- ne- qs- Sbpw Bib- ß- ƒ kzmwioI- c- n°- m\\pw ¢mkvdqw {]h¿Ø\\- ß- ƒ klmb- I- a- mb- n´- p≠- mh- pw. imkv{XØ- ns‚ coXn t_m[y-s∏-Sp-∂-tXm-sSm∏w Ah \\nXy-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ {]tbm-Kn-°m-\\p-≈ tijn B¿Pn-°m-\\pw Ign-tb-≠-Xp≠v. H∏w ]cn-ÿnXn-kulm¿Z-]-c- amb ImgvN-∏mSpw cq]-s∏-tS-≠-Xp-≠v. CsX√mw Ign-hXpw t\\cn-´p≈ A\\p-`-h-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw At\\z-j-W-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw Xncn-®-dn-hp-I-fn-eq-sS- bp-am-I-Ww. AXn\\v DXIpw hn[-amWv Cu ]mT-]p-kvX-I-Ønse Bi-b- ߃ Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-´p-≈Xv. ka{K F∂ hnZym-`ymk t]m¿´-epw kmt¶-Xn-I-ambn i‡n-s∏-Sp-Ønb Iyp.B¿.tImUpw ¢mkvdqw ]T\\- {- ]h- ¿Ø\\- ß- ƒ Bbmk- c- l- nX- hpw ck- I-chpw B°nØo¿°pw. tZio-b-sXm-gn¬ ss\\]pWn N´-°q-Spw (F≥.- F-kv.-Iyp.-F-^v), Zpc-¥-\\n-hm-c-Wam¿K-ßfpw sF.kn.-Sn. km[y-X-Ifpw Cu ]mT-]p-kvX-I-Øn¬ ]cn-K-Wn-®n-´p-≠v. Nn¥n®pw tNmZyw sNbvXpw Bi-b-ßsf hna¿i-\\m-fl-I-ambn kao- ]n®pw A[ym-]-I-tcmSpw kl-]m-Tn-I-tfm-Sp-sam∏w At\\z-jn®pw Is≠- Ønbpw apt∂-dmw. Cßs\\ ]T\\w B\\-μ-I-c-amb A\\p-`-h-am-°m≥ \\n߃°v Ign-bpamdm-Is´. kvt\\lmiw-k-I-tfm-sS, tUm. sP. {]kmZv Ub-d-IvS¿ Fkv.-kn.-C.-B¿.Sn.

`mc-X-Øns‚ `c-W-L-S\\ `mKw IV I auenI I¿Ø-hy-߃ 51 I. auenI I¿Ø-hy-߃ ˛ Xmsg-∏-d-bp-∂h `mc-X-Ønse Hmtcm ]uc-s‚bpw I¿Øhyw Bbn-cn-°p-∂-XmWv: (I) `c-W-L-S-\\sb A\\p-k-cn-°p-Ibpw AXns‚ BZ¿i-ß-sfbpw ÿm]-\\-ß-sfbpw tZiob]Xm-I-sbbpw tZiobKm\\-sØbpw BZ-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøpI; (J) kzmX-{¥y-Øn-\\p-th-≠n-bp≈ \\ΩpsS tZiobka-c-Øn\\v {]tNmZ- \\w \\¬Inb al\\- ob- mZ- ¿iß- sf ]cnt- ]mj- n∏- n°- pI- bpw ]n≥Xp-S-cp-Ibpw sNøpI; (K) `mc-X-Øns‚ ]c-am-[n-Im-chpw sFIyhpw AJ-fi-Xbpw \\ne-\\n¿Øp-Ibpw kwc-£n-°p-Ibpw sNøpI; (L) cmPysØ ImØp-kq-£n-°p-Ibpw tZiob tkh\\w A\\p-jvTn- °p-hm≥ Bhiy-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ A\\p-jvTn-°p-Ibpw sNøpI; (M) aX-]-chpw `mjm-]-chpw {]mtZ-in-Ihpw hn`m-Ko-b-hp-amb sshhn- [y-߃°Xo-X-ambn `mc-X-Ønse F√m P\\-߃°p-an-S-bn¬, kulm¿Zhpw s]mXp-hmb kmtlm-Z-cy-a-t\\m-`m-hhpw ]pe¿Øp-I. kv{XoI-fpsS A¥- n\\v Ipdhp hcp-Øp∂ BNm-c-߃ ]cn-Xy-Pn-°pI; (N) \\ΩpsS kwkvIm-cka-\\zb-Øns‚ kº-∂-amb ]mc-º-cysØ hne-a-Xn-°p-Ibpw \\ne-\\n-dp-Øp-Ibpw sNøpI; (O) h\\-ßfpw XSm-I-ßfpw \\Zn-Ifpw h\\yPo-hn-Ifpw Dƒs∏-Sp∂ {]IrXym D≈ ]cn-ÿnXn kwc-£n-°p-Ibpw A`n-hr-≤n-s∏-Sp- Øp-Ibpw Pohn-I-tfmSv ImcpWyw ImWn-°p-Ibpw sNøpI; (P) imkv{Xo-b-amb ImgvN-∏mSpw am\\-hn-I-Xbpw, At\\z-j-W-Øn\\pw ]cnjvIcWØn\\pw D≈ at\\m-`m-hhpw hnI-kn-∏n-°pI; (Q) s]mXp-kzØv ]cn-c-£n-°p-Ibpw i]Yw sNbvXv A{Iaw Dt]- £n-°p-Ibpw sNøpI; (R) cmjv{Sw bXv\\-Øn-s‚bpw e£y-{]m-]vXn-bp-sSbpw D∂-X-X-e-ß- fnt- e°v \\nc¥cw Dbc- Ø- °- h- Æw hy‡n]- c- hpw Iq´mb- X- pa- mb {]h¿Ø\\- Ø- ns‚ F√m afie- ß- f- nepw D¬Irj- Sv X- b- °v pt- h≠n A[zm\\- n°- pI- . (S) Bdn\\pw ]Xn\\- me- n\\pw CSbv°v {]mba- p≈ Xs‚ Ip´nt°m Xs‚ kwc£- W- b- ne- p≈ Ip´nI- ƒt°m, AXXp kwKXn t]mse, amXm- ]n-Xm-°tfm c£mI¿Ømthm hnZym-`ym-k-Øn-\\p≈ Ah-k-c- ߃ G¿s∏-Sp-Øp-I.

5. {]hr-Øn, Du¿Pw, ]h¿ ........................ 87 6. [mcmsshZypXn ................................ 105 7. Xcw-K-N-e\\w ..................................... 123

Cu ]pkvXIØn¬ kuIcyØn\\mbn Nne ap{ZIƒ D]tbmKn®ncn°p∂p. A[nIhmb\\bv°v (hnebncpØen\\v hnt[bamt°≠Xn√) Bibhy‡X hcpØp∂Xn\\v ICT km[yX hnebncpØmw XpS¿{]h¿Ø\\߃ sXmgn¬ ss\\]pWn

Hcp ho«n \\S¡- p¶ kw`mj- W- w {- i²n¡- q. A½ : ]pXnb ]¼v hm§nb- n«pw hm«ÀSm¦v CXph- sc \\ndª- nÃ- tÃm? Aѳ : ½ HP ¡v ]Icw 1 HP bpsS ]¼v hm§n¡- ma- mb- nc- p¶- p. aI³ : F´mW- Ñm ½ HP, 1 HP Fs¶ms¡ ]dª- mÂ? CXn\\- p¯- cw \\ÂIm³ \\n§Ä¡v Ignbptam? (a) (b) (c) Nn{Xw 5.1 Nn{X-w 5.1 \\nco-£n-¡q. Ch-bn Hmtcm¶nepw \\S-¡p¶ {]hÀ¯-\\-§Ä FgpXn- t\\m-¡q. $ HcmÄ D´p-h­n XÅp-¶p. $ \\n§Ä¡v ]cn-Nn-X-amb IqSp-X {]hÀ¯-\\-§Ä FgpXq. $ NpaSv FSp-¡p¶p. $ ChnsS Hmtcm {]hÀ¯\\hpw \\S-¡-W-sa-¦n hkvXp-hn _ew {]tbm-Kn- ¡WatÃm. \\n§Ä Is­-¯nb Hmtcm {]hÀ¯-\\-¯n\\pw {]tbm-Kn-¨- _e¯nsâ Dd-hnSw GsX¶v ]«n-I-bn FgpXq. {]hÀ¯\\w {]tbm-Kn-¨ _e¯nsâ Dd-hnSw $ am§ hogp¶p. $ `qan $ D´p-h­n XÅp¶p. $ XÅp¶ BÄ $ $ ]«nI 5.1































{]hr¯- n, DuÀPw, ]hÀ 3) Ncn-hp-X-e-¯neqsS Hcp hkvXp Xmtg¡v \\nc§n \\o§p-t¼mÄ LÀjW _ew sN¿p¶ {]hr¯n. 4) \\nc-¸mb {]X-e-¯neqsS Nen-¨p-sIm-­n-cn-¡p¶ hkvXp-hn Ne-\\-Zn-i-bn {]tbm-Kn-¡p¶ _ew sN¿p¶ {]hr-¯n. kWh13. 1 F{X PqfmWv? 14. NphsS sImSp¯ kµÀ`-§-fn Ip«n Kpcp-Xzm-IÀj-W-_-e-¯n-s\\-Xnsc sNbvX {]hr¯n IW-¡m-¡pI. 1 5 kg. amkv Dff Hcp sI«p ]pkvX-I-hp-ambn \\n¡p-¶p. 2 5 m/s 1 m. CtX sI«p-ambn \\nc-¸mb Xd-bneqsS k©-cn-¡p-¶p. thK-¯n 3 1 m. Cu ]pkXv I- s- ¡«v Dbc- a- pf- f Aea- mc- b- psS apIf- nt- e¡v DbÀ¯nhb¡v p¶p (g =10 m/s2). 15 0.4 kg 14 m/s. amkv Dff Hcp t_mÄ {]thK-t¯msS t\\tc apI-fn-te¡v Fdn-bp- 1¶p. sk¡â n\\p tijw AXnsâ KXn-tImÀPhpw ØnXn-tImÀPhpw IW-¡m- ¡pI- . 1 (Hint : v = u + at, s = ut+ 2 at2) 16. 1000 kg 72 km/hamkp-ff Hcp hkvXp {]th-K-t¯m-sS k©-cn¨psIm­n-cn-¡p- ¶p. Cu hkvXphns\\ \\nÝ-em-h-Ø-bn-em-¡m³ sNt¿­ {]hr-¯n -I-W-¡m- ¡pI- . 17 80 kg 5 m/s 10 m/s. amkp-ff Hcp hkvXp-hnsâ {]thKw Â\\n¶v B¡namäm³ sNt¿­ {]hr-¯n -I-W-¡m-¡p-I. 103











































DuÀPX- {´w ÌmtâÀUv - IX Nn{Xw 7.2 Ib-dnsâ Hc{Kw P\\¡¼n-bn sI«nbpd¸n-¡p-I. Ib-dn Hcp dn_tWm t]¸tdm hyà-ambn ImW-¯-¡-hn[w Npän Dd-¸n-¡p-I. Ib-dnsâ kzX{´ A{K¯n ]nSn¨v apI-fn-te¡pw Xmtg¡pw Nen-¸n-¡p-I. cq]-s¸-Sp¶ XcwK Ne\\w \\nco-£n-¡pI. $ Npänb dn_-¬/t]¸ÀIjW¯nsâ Ne\\w F{]-Im-c-amWv? $ Xcw-K-¯nsâ Ne-\\-Zn-itbm? Ibd- n XcwK- a- p­- mb- t- ¸mÄ dn_¬ Dbc- pI- bpw XmgpI- bpw sN¿p¶- X- Ã- msX Ib-dnÂ\\n¶p dn_-Wnsâ Øm\\w amdp-¶n-Ã. Xcw-K-¯nsâ t{]j-W-Zn-ibv¡v ew_-ambn dn_¬ I¼\\wsN¿p-¶p. AXm-bXv Ib-dnse Hmtcm IWn-Ibpw Xcw-K-¯nsâ Ne-\\-Zn-ibv¡v ew_-ambn Nen-¡p-¶p. am[y-a-¯nse IWn-I-IÄ Xcw-K-¯nsâ t{]j-W-Zn-ibv¡v ew_-ambn I¼\\wsN¿p¶ Xcw-K-§-fmWv A\\p-{]-Ø-X-cw-K-§Ä. Ptem]cnX-e-¯n-ep-­mb hnt£m-`-¯n\\v Ifn-h-©nsb AI-te¡v F¯n- Xcw-K-§fpsS khn-ti-j-X-IÄ¡m³ Ign-bm-¯Xv F´p-sIm-­m-sW¶v C\\n hni-Zo-I-cn-¡m-atÃm. BbXn (Amplitude) Xpe\\Øm\\¯p\\n¶v Hcp IWn-Ibv¡v D­m-Ip¶ Gähpw IqSnb Øm\\m- ´-c-amWv Bb-Xn. CXv a F¶ A£cwsIm­mWv kqNn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv. XcwKssZÀLyw (Wavelength) am[y-a-¯nse IWnI Hcp I¼\\w ]qÀ¯o-I-cn¨ kabwsIm­v XcwKw k©- cn-¡p¶ Zqc-amWv Xcw-K-ssZÀLyw. CXv kam\\ I¼-\\m-h-Ø-bn-epÅ ASp- ¯-Sp¯ c­p IWn-I-IÄ X½n-epÅ AI-e-¯n\\p Xpey-am-Wv. XcwKssZÀLys¯ kqNn-¸n-¡m³ λ (emwU) F¶ {Ko¡v A£cw D]-tbm- Kn-¡p-¶p. CXnsâ bqWnäv aoäÀ (m) BIp-¶p. 125