NONAtionalMEntality

NO NAtionalISSUE 1 | FEBRUARY '21 MEntality In this issue: FEATURES EXCITING AND FUN ACTIVITIES RACIAL HIERARCHY: APPEARANCE AND Riddles, foldabots, word search, SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS cryptogram and many more in the The beauty standards of yesterday latest edition of encompasses the beauty within of NO National Mentality today. How did the Filipinos viewed one's demeanor to one's After 75 years, status? is COLONIAL LA COMIDA MENTALITY still present within A taste of the past still served in the Filipinos? the present. What food has captured the heart and taste buds of the Filipinos?

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NO NATIO NALF E B R U A R Y 2021 LIT Y M E N T A 05 INTRODUCTION TO COLONIAL MENTALITY 06 LANGUAGE S o cru: e P ni Filipinos: Defying te /re Featured Stories the Language Degree? s t ON THE COVER 11 GOVERNEMENT A collage of Regime various cultures influenced within the Filipinos that are still seen today. No National Mentality 15 ARTS 8834-94345 The Colonial Arts NONAME.com [email protected] 2401 Taft Ave, Malate, Manila, 1004 Metro Manila

Letter from the Editor Welcome to the first issue of NO NAtional MEntality! Starting this series off with something we, here in the content creating team, can stand proud of! We really went out of our comfort zones to see through the perspectives of different people from different walks of life but comes from the same culture. We have 8 wonderful and talented editors, journalists, and researchers to bring you very accurate, detailed, and entertaining information containing anything from the history of the colonial mindset, to the influences of the colonizers on the food and delicacies that the Filipinos eat. Creating this issue was a real treat for us! Adding extra activities like the word search and foldabots made us think of how this magazine could appeal to children, too, which is a plus because I believe that it is amazing if the next generation of youth learn about what brought our culture to be like this today and how colonization really changed this country. Hoping everyone who reads this is coping well with the stress and problems caused by the COVID-19 Pandemic. Stay Healthy and stay indoors! John Angelo U. Soliman Co-Editor

COLONIALMENTALITYIInnttrroodduuccttiioonn ttoo bbyyLLJJCCaassiiaannoo David and Okazaki (2006) conceptualized colonial mentality among Filipinos and Taking pride in being a citizen of a country Filipino-Americans as a form of internalized is essential for that country's progress. oppression, characterized by a perception of Colonial mentality is often held accountable ethnic or cultural inferiority. It involves an for the backwardness of the Philippine automatic and unreasonable rejection of economy and the country as a whole. Its anything Filipino and an instinctive and impacts can be deteriorating to the nation uncritical preference for anything western or in various aspects especially if left not foreign. Its scope is not limited to the scrutinized and undirected mentality to a patronage of foreign products but also more nationalistic. involves the choice of language, concept of beauty, educational system, laws and policies, People who possess colonial mentality and even political system. Filipinos with the have a perception of ethnic or cultural colonial mentality are unconscious most of the inferiority which is a specific consequence time, that they exhibit this type of mindset. The of colonization. For Filipinos, this involves an development of such a mentality is a product automatic and uncritical rejection of of the Philippines' experiences. anything Filipino and an automatic and uncritical preference for anything American reference: Abueva, Jose, 1998, The Book on the Nation state, Philippines: University of the or white. Philippines Press. ; 1999. The Book on Nationalism. Philippines: University of the Philippines Press. ; Andres, Tomas and Pilar llada, 1987, Understanding the Filipino, Quezon City, Five indicators of Colonial Mentality Philippines: New Day Publishing ; Asis, Maruja. 2006, January. The Philippines Culture of among Filipinos: Feelings of inferiority for Migration Migration Information Source ; Bartolome, Heber composer) and Banyuhay ni being Filipino; Feelings of shame, Ileber (performer). 1978. Tayo'y Mga Pinoy. Philippines. ; Benigno, Teodoro. 2003, December embarrassment, resentment, or self-hate 5. What Nationalism? 2010, January 26. \"n.d.\" Impediments to Filipino Nationalism. ; about being a person of Filipino heritage; Constantina, Leticia. 1984. Issues Without Tears. Quezon City: Karrel. \"n.d.\" What is Filipino Denigration of the Filipino body (regarding Nationalism? 2010, January 26. Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines. 1987. whites' physical characteristics as more Philippines. ; David, E.J.R. and S. Okazaki. 2006, The Colonial Mentality Project. ; David, Randy. attractive, advantageous, and desirable 1996. Public Lives (Column). The Return of the Tisay, Philippine Daily Inquirer. ; Enriquez, than typical Filipino physical traits such as Virgilio. 1978. Philippine Social Science and Humanities' Review. Quezon City, Philippines ; brown skin and flat nose); Discriminating Espiritu, Augusto, 1968, The Relevance of Social Sciences in Contemporary Asia, Tokyo: World against less-westernized Filipinos (e.g., Student Christian Federation. syndrome? ; Franciso, Johanna. 2001, June 1. Do you have making fun of people from the provinces colonial mentality ; Funtecha, Ilenry. 2009. Globalization and Philippine Nationalism: Questions —“Promdi”—or indigenous peoples and and Options. BRIDGING THE GAP. Iloilo City ; regarding them as “backward”); and tolerating or minimizing historical and contemporary oppression of Filipinos (because such oppression is accepted as the appropriate cost of civilization).

Filipinos: Defying The Philippines is recognized globally as one of the Language the largest English-speaking nations, with most Filipinos able to express themselves in English. It Degree? is one of many factors why the Philippines is attractive to tourists, an option for a By Micah Elline Lontoc retirement destination, and an edge for globalization. But behind this, still, not all Filipinos can compose and comprehend the English language. A toxic Filipino mindset is when a person who has a high proficiency in English literacy tends to be identified as intelligent and credible, while on the other hand, a person who is not excellent in English tends to be poor and stupid. It is an unfair judgment that our own language is ridiculed, and a foreign language is admired, which is a perspective that we should put to an end. The American Occupation has undeniably left an impact on the Filipinos, especially in terms of their language usage. During that period of colonization, English was introduced as the primary language of instruction, and free public education was first established, which became accessible and efficient to the Filipinos. English Poetry and Literature are manifested by the Filipinos as a result of the development in the American culture and education. It eventually turned into the Philippines’ basis of the education system, and it is evident up to this day. Different factors give reasons why Filipinos show colonial mentality in the English Language. First is the quality of education that we have today. Inconsistency in bringing quality education in the Philippines makes students lack the skill in using the English language, and it varies depending on the place you are in. According to Iqbal (2015), students in rural areas have lesser English proficiency levels than those urban students because of the lack of adequate fundamental facilities for learning the language. Inadequate educational infrastructure in rural areas gave the perspective that being proficient in English is a privilege, therefore, it is viewed as superior rather than our native language.

Second, when it comes to work opportunities, Sometimes, we unconsciously mock our own language speaking in English is an edge for qualification in while strengthening the other. We feel cooler for some of the white-collar jobs. English being the ourselves or for other people who are speaking or world’s global language has relevant functions, posting content on social media using the English especially in communicating professionally in the language because we think that it is the international scene. Many Filipinos see most measurement of intelligence. We describe the Filipino corporate works that requires speaking in English language as “jejemon” or “pang-mahirap” at times, fluently yields a higher income than those who not knowing that as time passes by, we are letting are not capable of this skill. On the other hand, our language die on its own. As we become aware of working environments that do not require English these things that affect our mother tongue, I hope proficiency, such as some blue-collar jobs, tend that we do everything to educate the masses. The to have lower salaries. These things are only Filipinos should see the beauty of our native misconceptions but it contributes to the colonial language, which has sincerity and profoundness for mentality of the Filipinos, making our language every word we utter. Being literate in English does inferior. not equate to colonial mentality, but looking at it as a superior language exhibits no national mentality. References: Carpenter, J. (2020, October 14). Philippines: A Friendly Country for English Speakers. Retrieved January 23, 2021, from https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/012516/philippines- friendly-country-english-speakers.asp#:~:text=According%20to%20the%202000%20Census,an%20ability%20to%20speak%20English De Ungria, R. (2015, June 02). Philippine Literature in English. Retrieved January 23, 2021, from https://ncca.gov.ph/about-ncca-3/subcommissions/subcommission-on-the-arts-sca/literary- arts/philippine-literature-in-english/ Santiago, L. (2015, June 02). Philippine Literature during the American Period. Retrieved January 23, 2021, from https://ncca.gov.ph/about-ncca-3/subcommissions/subcommission-on-the-arts- sca/literary-arts/philippine-literature-during-the-american-period/ Let's play CRYPTOGRAM! A cryptogram is a short quote that has been encrypted by taking each letter in a quote and substituting it with another letter. Your challenge is to decrypt it back using your linguistic intuition. Answer: Losing the language means losing the identity.

Even before the Spaniards stepped onto the land .of Cebu they already had three things in mind The ,But before that let us acknowledge that our ’ — , , ,three G s Gold God and Glory are the Filipino ancestors have ratified their own influences that Spaniards aim to spread .superstitions During the - ,pre Hispanic era the .throughout They believed that by instilling these ,Gs into a foreign society they will be successful in belief system of Filipinos revolved around the .conquering their lands Though they might have ,objects found in their surroundings it was called ,failed in possessing the Philippines they have .Bathalanism It is where they believed that a triumphantly influenced the Filipino with one of .temple of gods guarded them And Bathala was , . ,their Gs and that G is for God Until today it is ( , 2018).the superior of all gods and spirits Hoh A evident that the Spaniards were victorious in ‘study on Religion and Spanish Colonialism in the changing the standpoint of Filipinos when it comes ’Philippines it showcased evidence of how there .to religion are various artifacts found exhibiting different rituals performed by the Filipino ancestors ?How does religion take part in colonial mentality ( , 2013).Fitpatrick Islam was also introduced to the 14Filipino native in the late th century brought by Colonial mentality is a notion that another belief is , ,merchants from Indonesia Malaysia and the . ,superior to the other In terms of faith the ( )Middle East Miller Spaniards have embedded the value of religion in various ,techniques though some may sound ,unruly this is the truth about how Christianism was introduced to the Filipinos The G : /Source TripHobo By Marilette Rodio In the colonization of the Spaniards with regards ’ ,to the Filipino s religion there has been a lot of ,uprising from our Filipino ancestors and at times , ,forced was used or else if they do not convert .they will face death In testimonies written by you kn Spaniards who documented their steps in the o id ,Philippines they called the Filipino natives D : /Source Pinterest w? \" \" ,delirious because of their belief evidence that e .there is a colonial mentality in religion Another Tt h \" - \",proof is a game called Moro moro he Philippines is it is a play ot n io n Christian a where the Moros or Muslims were portrayed as ly n .villains who always lost to Christians in the end It . 86%in f Asia o showcases how colonial mentality is present in Filipinos are ,religion even the Spaniards imprinted that Roman Catholic .Christianism is the superior religion among all : /Source hiwagatwt

r- oM cr /terest o u : in o S P e , , ,Sad to say but until today though it is less evident colonial mentality within the realm of religion is still .exhibited Therefore there are still traces of m ’ .discrimination on account of one s religion Religion o r ,should be a safe place for one to express their beliefs o everyone should be allowed to exercise their right to ’ .convey one s spirituality Religion has also been a motive .in wars Imagine what the world would be if the masses ' .are accepting and courteous about others beliefs Colonial mentality within religion should be dismissed to make everyone open to seeing how other religions ,practice their religion which leads us to truly understand .each one Let us be an example on how to express our ’ .belief accordingly in our religion s G :References , . (2013). . - . 2020, :// . . / / /1793/66613/ _ . ?Fitzpatrick K Religion and Spanish Colonialism in the Philippines University of Wisconsin La Crosse Retrieved from https minds wisconsin edu bitstream handle Fitzpatrick Thesis pdf =1 , . ( . .). . 2020, :// . / / -sequence Miller J n d Religion in the Philippines Retrieved from https asiasociety org education religion philippines , . (2018, 10). 1521-1898. 2020, :// . . / - /2018/07/ - - - - - - -Hoh A July Catholicism in the Philippines during the Spanish Colonial Period Retrieved from https blogs loc gov international collections catholicism in the philippines during the spanish - -1521-1898/colonial period 1, . (2009, 14). - . 21, 2020, :// . . / /2009/12/14/532080/ - -Villanueva M December In the land of Moro moro Retrieved December from https www philstar com opinion land moro moro Crossword Across 2 The first Spanish settlement 4 During this period the Filipinos already ha a belief system 5 G influence that Spaniards aim to spread throughout the Philippines 6 A play where the Moros or Muslims were portrayed as villains who always lost to .Christians in the end 7 Superior of all gods and spirits 8 One of the first religion in the Philippines Down 1 one of the influences the Spaniards that is still evident today 3 a notion that another belief is superior to the other 4 , _______,God and Glory )8 )7 )6 )5 )4 )3 )2 )1 :milsuM alahtaB oromoroM doG dloG ytilatnemlainoloC ubeC noigileR srewsnA

By Mary Legaspi @kitchenmics [email protected] 09951542095

REGIME / BY ZYRIEL JASTYN SOBRETODO Impact of colonialism in Philippine Goverment During the Spanish colonization, Spain used Manila as the When the American regime start, they base of operations for its centralized colonial establish the ideals and institutions of administration of the Philippines because of its strategic American democracy, and modern location and other advantages. Americans also retained amenities of urban living. They also Manila as a seat of government, military operations, and all organized a system of popularly about the government when they took over the reins of elected local government officials and colonial power. set up a national legislature where Filipinos were gradually allowed to During the Spanish period the Synod of Manila adopted the participate in the governance of their policy of reduccion or deliberate resettlement of the affairs. Pomeroy (1970) stated that \"The population to facilitate mass conversion to Catholicism, Due to the respect of the Government to the Church on Americans coopted the traditional that time, the Church and Government are almost the same Filipino principalia into the colonial in terms of power to govern a places in Philippines government based in Manila, Einsiedel (2020) explained that \"Reduccion greatly aided perpetuating the latter’s social, the organization of local government in the country. It laid economic, and political domination of down the pattern of present urban settlements in the philippine society. The seriously Philippines with the church, bell tower and convent needed agrarian reform that had occupying a prominent place in the town center together generated mass support for the with the municipal hall, which became known as the 'town Philippine revolution was hardly plaza complex' in 20th century urban design parlance\" considered by the new Filipino politicians.\"

LJ CASIANO

CCOOLLOONNSSAIITTAAPAALLPNNMEDDAEAARNRRATDDNASSCLOIETFY A ND Spain Leann Jersey T. Casiano Preference for all things “American,” such as fairer features and America Japan smaller noses, were the product of a colonial mentality — an internalized oppression experienced as the result of living in a post-colonial society. Our own skin color is regarded as something to get Spanish colonial rule can be blamed for the Filipino rid of or to hide. The white, creamy skin of obsession with mestizos, especially their outspoken Americans and Europeans is deemed more preference for lighter skin color. The sae can be said for attractive; Filipinos would willingly decide to look the United States, and probably even applies to the US like them to associate themselves with an identity rather than Spain. Many Filipinos prefer the lighter, they are fascinated by but could never truly be a creamier skin of Americans or Europeans than their own. part of. Again, there is nothing wrong with wanting to alter how you look, but being happy in your own skin, and your own identity and heritage, is good. Understanding that these ideas did not originate Women were expected to maintain within us was a transformative experience. One way that colonial mentality takes form is through unrealistic beauty standards, and “standards of appearance” which Pierce (2005) explained as having roots in colonization: “The their worth is often heavily question is much bigger than ‘who told my mother that brown was less desirable?’ The question is, ‘Who told predicated on their adherence to us all?’ … We were not born with an instinct to privilege whiteness; this was a learned phenomenon” (p.40). these standards. In the context of Revilla (1997) also referred to this standard of appearance as also having roots in colonization with this troubling dynamic, it is necessary “Filipinos trying to stay out of the sun so as not to get too dark and pinching the nose to make it less flat” to consider the cultural factors (p.108). Hagedorn (1994) spoke of this same phenomenon: “I was taught to look outside the influencing one's sense of self and indigenous culture for inspiration, taught that the label ‘Made in the USA’ meant automatic superiority; in their appearance, especially as it other words, like most colonized individuals, I was a taught a negative image of myself (p. 174).” relates to race and ethnicity. Chubbyplatypus. (2017, April 02). Colonial Mentality in the Philippines. Retrieved January 14, 2021, from https://themindofthegarrett.wordpress.com/2017/04/02/colonial-mentality-in-the-philippines/ Hall, R. E. (2003). Skin color as post-colonial hierarchy: A global strategy for conflict resolution. The Journal of psychology, 137(1), 41-53. Rondilla, J. L. (2012). Colonial faces: Beauty and skin color hierarchy in the Philippines and the US (Doctoral dissertation, UC Berkeley). Wearekubo. (2018, August 31). The Effects of Colonial Mentality on Filipino-American Mental Health. Retrieved January 14, 2021, from https://wearekubo.com/the-effects-of-colonial-mentality-on-filipino-american-mental- health/



C OALTORHTNESI A L WESTERN AND EUROPIAN INFLUENCE ON THE EARLY FILIPINO ARTS By John Angelo U. Soliman \"The First Baptism\" (1955) by Fernando Amorsolo When the Spanish expeditions were in progress, \"Mural on the Filipinos' Fight for Freedom\" by The Philippines was given a status. The country an Unknown Painter was finally given a name and a national religion. \"Spoliarium\" (1884) by Juan Luna The early Filipinos laid their hearts to Christianism, and a major factor to why the Life of Christ has a huge imprint in the Filipino tradition is because of these paintings. In the Spanish period, paintings portraying Christianity were the only paintings allowed, which says a lot about how the Christian faith was integrated into the Filipino culture. If you enter a typical Filipino household, it is very probable that you would see a Painting of the Last Supper somewhere in the dining room of the house. The arts of the Spanish colonial period like \"Spoliarium\" by Juan Luna and \"First Baptism\" by Fernando Amersolo have proven themselves very relevant to capturing the essence of the lives of the early Filipinos under Spanish rule. Literature about the discrimination and prejudice experienced by the regular early Filipino shows the true colors of the Spanish colonizers and the struggles these ancestors had to go through in order to survive the colonization. Great works of literature such as \"El-Filibusterismo\" and \"Florante at Laura\" by Fransisco Baltazar are still being taught in schools to this day and shows how relevant the motives for a truly free nation is important for this nation to prosper. Paintings similar to those that portray the meetings of the KKK with new possible members through sanduguan are priceless artifacts and tangible evidence of the revolutions that took place against the colonial rule. Reference: Hernandez, E. (N.D.). The Spanish Colonial Tradition in Philippine Visual Arts. GOVPH. Retrieved from https://ncca.gov.ph/about-ncca-3/subcommissions/subcommission-on-the-arts-sca/visual-arts/the-spanish-colonial- tradition-in-philippine-visual-arts/ ; Carpi, A. (Sep 18, 2018). 'Is It Real?': Finding Forgeries in the High-Stakes World of Philippine Art. Eqsuiremag. Retrieved from https://www.esquiremag.ph/long-reads/features/how-to-find-art- forgeries-philippines-a1521-20180918-lfrm2 ; Brilliantes, E. (June 10, 2012). Andres Bonifacio as a Communications Specialist (Independence Day Article). Wordpress. Retrieved from https://brillantescampaigns.wordpress.com/2012/06/10/andres-bonifacio-as-a-communications-specialist-independence-day-article-by-eero-brillantes/ ; \"Fernando Amorsolo\". (2014). Tumblr. Retrieved from https://ationgson.tumblr.com/tagged/about

IN WHAT MINDSET DO MOST FILIPINOS USUALLY THINK WHILE BUYING? WRITTEN BY: LYRA SARANILLO Being colonized by 3 countries opened us to a wide trading industry. The exchanging of goods from different places gave the Filipinos an opportunity to explore imported products, which made most of us support international branded items than our local branded items. There is a common misconception that buying imported goods from different countries is far more better than buying local goods since they are more “better” and “will last longer.” Filipinos prefer known westernized brands since it was highly influenced by the colonization of American. Today, most Filipinos still sympathize with American products because of the current trends and simply generalize that the quality of the product is good since it was made in the USA. Some products such as clothing and home equipment are usually what Filipinos would buy. According to an article about consumer buying behavior, Castillo (2018) stated that the buying behavior of Filipinos are influenced by colonial and foreign consumerism. Since the Philippines was colonized by three countries, our country is rich with foreign imperialism, which also affected the way most Filipinos when it comes to buying products. Seeing and experiencing on how the colonizers have different ways on purchasing, it also molded us on how Filipinos shop.

Based on an article by Moral (2015), Filipinos are usually excited of western brands coming here in the Philippines since there’s a curiosity factor for them. With the bombardment of present-day trends, which often is Western, being able to actually “own” these known products excites them especially since they can see foreign people use it and it is also a symbol of status to be able to afford them. Yet, what mindset do most Filipinos think of when buying? Well, Filipinos are known to be “practical.” Most would still wait for a “store sale” in these westernized brands since buying any imported products could also cost much more than buying local products. Which is the sad thing about consumer behaviors of most Filipinos, since even up to this day, we still have the mindset that products produced by foreign brands are better than ours. This affects the local businesses since only a few would buy from them. But nowadays, people are starting to support local products and appreciate the quality and the price. Ever since the start of the pandemic, people started their own online business and because of social media, most get to know about local brands. It's good to see that we are slowly become more embracing the products that is made here in the Philippines since this also shows appreciation to our country. Hint: Words were mentioned from the article SCWRAOMRBDLE HGLTCNIO REFERENCES: CRALITPCA TROES EALS Castillo, F. J. (2018, March 2). Consumer Buying Behavior: The Multicultural IMIILMEASRP Influence in the Philippines. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BUSINESS ARDEBND MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY. http://www.theijbmt.com/archive/0920/844974745.pdf Moral, Cheche. (2015, January 2). Despite influx of global brands, local labels ‘willnot disappear so easily.’ Retrieved from http://lifestyle.inquirer.net/181387/despite-influx- of-global-brands-local-labels-will-not-disappear-so-easily/ Lucky Strike Cigarrete Advertisement. (n.d.). [Illustration]. http://tobacco.stanford.edu/tobacco_main/images.php? token2=fm_st026.php&token1=fm_img0575.php&theme_file=fm_mt012.php&theme_ name=Targeting%20Women&subtheme_name=High%20Fashion 1920s Vintage Ads: Marketing in a Roaring Post-War World. (n.d.). [Illustration]. https://weburbanist.com/2010/06/15/1920s-vintage-ads-marketing-in-a-roaring-post- war-world/ Hoover Vacuum Advertisement. (n.d.). [Illustration]. https://www.vacuumland.org/cgi-bin/pict_of_day.cgi

Tocino is bacon in Spanish, typically made from the pork belly and often formed into cubes inspired by Spain. LA COMIDA Photo by: Marc norecipe.com SPANISH INSPIRED By Mary Legaspi In today's world, many Filipino foods inspired by Spanish cuisine are still notable and being served in Filipino gatherings or occasions. LECHON is a favorite food in the Philippines, referring to “lechona” in Spanish means “suckling pig”. PAELLA a dish inspired EMBUTIDO is known in by Spain, which consists the Philippines as of rice mixed with small pieces of vegetables, meatloaf inspired by fish, and chicken. the Spanish.

NEFTOWOODRK CORNDOG AMERICAN a plump, juicy hot dog on a stick, which is also popular in the Philippines INSPIRED as streetfood As a country who had a great marks of \"colonial mentality\", the Americans brought fastfood chains such as Mcdonalds, Burger King, Subway, and more. This is also includes the introduction of bugers, fries, corndog, and more. is a sandwich consisting of one or more cooked patties of ground meat, usually beef, placed inside a sliced bread roll or bun. Collins (n.d.). Definition of paella. Collins Dictionary. Retrieved from https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/paellaTee, Sharwin (n.d.). Lechon in the philippines: a guide to filipinos' favorite roasted pig and more. Guide to the Philippines. Retrieved from https://guidetothephilippines.ph/articles/ultimate-guides/philippines-lechon-guide Anonymous (2020). Embutido in english. Korea Sales Innovation Group. Retrieved from http://www.ksigroup.co.kr/a1p0zo/embutido%27- in-english-cba6b9 Anonymous (2017). The origin of the corndog. Bar-S. Retrieved from https://www.bar-s.com/food-for-thought/the-origin-of-the-corndog Anonymous (2019). Where did the name hamburger come from? AskUSDA: U.S. Department of Agriculture. Retrieved from https://ask.usda.gov/s/article/Where-did-the-name-hamburger-come-from

PRODUCT MESTIZO CORNDOG KWARTA COLONIAL BURDA CUENTO BURGER RELIGION FRIES PAELLA MENTALITY CARROZA LANGUAGE EMBUTIDO

MODERN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN Rzeiah Amber Chiu in thePPHHIILLIIPPPPIINNEESS T he history of the Philippines is expressed through the Vigan, \"Intramuros of the North\" architectural heritage in various establishments photo by @tommydree such as houses, churches, theaters, statues, museums, and more. Even before colonization in the Philippines, its rich native houses and buildings, made of materials such as bamboo, were designed to endure the climate and environment of the Philippines. The most common construction was the bahay-kubo, an elevated structure similar to a bungalow. The architectural heritage has a diverse element of foreign influences which came from the colonization of the Spanish, American, and Japanese during their colonization. These foreign elements were applied in future structures as it became a piece of Philippine culture. SPANISH COLONIZATION Quiapo Church, vector art artwork by: Jessica Phi D uring the Spanish colonization in the Philippines, much of the architecture The Spaniards introduced during that era was influenced with the use of stone, Catholicism, paving the way to and having permanent residency is introduced. Just build many religious structures like the bahay-kubo, the Spanish colonizers, together around the Philippines. Today, with some Malay and Chinese influence, paved the one of the most known way to design Bahay na bato which were made of architecture in the Philippines stones and bricks yet cultivating the culture and made during the Spanish era is the design of bahay-kubo. Many structures and buildings Paoay Church in Ilocos Norte during the Spanish colonization we have today which was included in the World were conserved and rehabilitated to maintain its Heritage Sites List of the UNESCO. culture and history.

TInfnhhrooPtseiibrrwcshtsayrtheioupmltsircehpaeuytoerpeurpcbnioCrhnhleeseaeeicsattrsahestaai.uoctornatsaleuWdgiewcrestiheitoCtnVisiulhld,dliergrebisuasobfuecnimrfaniche,nchel.kgissgapauirtotoohseshnuteeesd There were no cohesive American architectural designs, but one thing AMERICAN COLONIZATION they made sure was its function as seen in many establishments such as the Manila Hotel, the Central Post Office, Pier 5, public schools, and town halls. Although one thing I did notice from the difference of the Spanish and American architectural design was that some American establishments had a touch of Greek composition, with patterns and white paint, while others have a more modern version of Bahay- kubo, with the use of different materials such as timber and concrete. W hen the Americans colonized the Lobby of manila Hotel Philippines after the Spanish colonial artwork from: Pinterest period, American aesthetics dominated the architecture of the Philippines. Rather than JAPANESE COLONIZATION having these structures as mostly tourist attractions in today’s time, the influence of W ith Japan having the least number of the American architecture was more of the years colonizing the Philippines with depth and western modernization of both only 3 years before they surrendered, many visionary and practicality. Many architectural of the establishments built were damaged structures built during the American and destroyed, leaving ruins on the land. In colonization were for function and service. today’s time however, the growth of With designs such as rounded Roman arches, industrialization in the Philippines, increased shaded loggias and stucco walls, the because of the establishments such as difference with the Spanish influence in railways and highways. The Japanese were architecture was the openness and size of the able allocate $2.4 billion for national highway establishments, mainly for the public’s projects in the Philippines, specifically the accessibility. Philippine-Japan Friendship Highway, Subic- Clark-Tarlac Expressway, Iloilo Airport, and among others. Central Post Office artwork from: Pinterest References: Architecture of the Philippines. (2021, January 27), Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines#:~:text=During%20three%20hundred%20thirty%20years,dominated%20by%20the%20Spanish%20i nfluences.&text=During%20this%20period%20the%20traditional,for%20the%20large%20houses%20emerged.Best, J. (2020, July 27). The Manila Hotel, Army-Navy Club, And More: Learn About America's Lasting Architectural Legacy In The Philippines. Retrieved from https://ph.asiatatler.com/life/t he-lasting-architectural-legacy-the-americans-left-to-the-philippines Architecture of the Philippines. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Architecture_of_the_Philippines Gavilan, J. (2020, August 28). FAST FACTS: PH-Japan relations through good and bad times. Retrieved January 29, 2021, from

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Scan the QR! Here are more articles on colonial mentality that you may find interesting. 50 Possible Signs Am I You May Have Really Filipino? Colonial Mentality by Daniel B. by Sade Andria Zabala Eisen, Kara Takasaki & Arlie Tagayuna The use and misuse of ‘colonial mentality’ by Gideon Lasco

CASIANO, Abaouutht othrse LEANN JERSEY Contribution: RODIO, MARILETTE - Article: Racial Hierarchy: Contribution: Appearance and Socio-economic status - Article: The G - Article: Colonial Mentality and - Crossword Standards of Appearance - Cover Page - Introduction (page 1) - Scan the QR CHIU, SARANILLO, RZEIAH AMBER Contribution: MA. LYRA JANYKA - Article: The modern Contribution: architectural design in the Philippines - Article: In what - Foldabots mindset do most Filipinos usually think LEGASPI, MARY while buying? MAGNIFICA - Word Scramble Contribution: SOBRETODO, - Article: La Comida ZYRIEL - Word search Contribution: LONTOC, - Article: Regime MICAH ELLINE Contribution: SOLIMAN, JOHN ANGELO - Article: Filipinos: Contribution: Defying the Language Dergee? - Article: - Cryptogram The Colonial Arts - Letter from the Editor