SachMoi.Net-Nhung-kham-pha-ve-hoang-de-Quang-Trung

["\u0111i, ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n 5.500 l\u00ednh v\u1ec1. C\u00e0n Long m\u1edbi ra l\u1ec7nh b\u00e3i ch\u1ee9c, thu t\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfu theo lu\u1eadt qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecb. C\u00e0n Long \u0111i\u1ec1u Ph\u00fac Khang An sang thay, l\u00e0m T\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed1c L\u01b0\u1ee1ng Qu\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 cho th\u00eam 50 v\u1ea1n qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng chi\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi. Th\u1ebf n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc chuy\u1ec3n sang ho\u00e0. Trong khi vua Quang Trung cho c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u0129 thu d\u1ecdn chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u0103ng Long, c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn t\u00f9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ec7nh cho c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n \u1edf. . . th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c quan \u0111\u1ea1o T\u1ea3 Giang l\u00e0 Thanh H\u00f9ng Nghi\u1ec7p g\u1eedi th\u01b0 cho vua Quang Trung n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u201cL\u00ea Duy K\u1ef3 (Chi\u00eau Th\u1ed1ng) \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ed1n ra kh\u1ecfi n\u01b0\u1edbc, Thi\u00ean tri\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 cho y l\u00e0m vua n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam n\u1eefa. V\u1eady, trong khi ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn g\u00f5 c\u1eeda quan xin th\u1ee5 phong, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1edbm s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c \u00e2n (1). Th\u1ebf m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft Thanh \u0111\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tay v\u1eeba so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u vua tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. V\u00ec C\u00e0n Long bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1eafng, 50 v\u1ea1n qu\u00e2n hay g\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n h\u01a1n n\u1eefa th\u00ec c\u0169ng chu\u1ed1c l\u1ea5y th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00ec tinh th\u1ea7n binh s\u0129 l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfp nh\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh ho\u00e0ng. . . Ao \u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o t\u1eadn s\u00e0o huy\u1ec7t T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u1edf Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft s\u1eefng Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3u T\u00f4n Si Ngh\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129 ng\u00f4ng cu\u1ed3ng. C\u0169ng do \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u00ean c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n thi\u00ean tri\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eaft tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u, t\u1ea1m chung s\u00f4ng ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1edd th\u1eddi c\u01a1 tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9 d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c. L\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t, qu\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft, d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ca o\u00e1n m\u00e0 v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ee5c th\u00f9? V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o, t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u00e0 hi\u1ebfu tr\u01b0\u1edbc, bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u Quang Trung th\u1eeba th\u1eafng cho qu\u00e2n sang h\u1ecfi t\u1ed9i thi\u00ean tri\u1ec1u th\u00ec c\u1ea3 c\u01a1 nghi\u1ec7p Thanh \u0111\u1ebf c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i tan n\u00e1t nh\u01b0 d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111i kh\u1eafp ph\u00eda Nam Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Ho\u00e0ng L\u00ea nh\u1ea5t th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ed thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh di t\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 sau: \u201c. . . Th\u1ea5y Ngh\u1ecb v\u1ec1, nh\u00e2n t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1ed1n nh\u00e1o, s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edn T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u0111u\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ebfn L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n, phao tin r\u1eb1ng s\u1ebd gi\u1ebft h\u1ebft r\u1ee3 hung n\u00f4. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t Trung Qu\u1ed1c, d\u00e2n ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng nh\u1ed1n nh\u00e1o. T\u1eeb c\u1eeda \u1ea3i Nam Quan tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 B\u1eafc, trai g\u00e1i, tr\u1ebb gi\u00e0, b\u1ed3ng b\u1ebf d\u1eaft d\u00edu nhau ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n, su\u1ed1t v\u00e0i tr\u0103m d\u1eb7m, l\u1eb7ng ng\u1eaft kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t b\u00f3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d (2). C\u00f2n vua Quang Trung \u0111ang l\u00fac trong l\u00f2ng r\u1ef1c l\u1eeda chi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng th\u00ec nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Thang H\u00f9ng Nghi\u1ec7p, n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u201cnh\u00e0 Thanh mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3ng ho\u00e0 th\u00ec t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng khinh b\u1ec9\u201d (3). _______________________________ (1) \u0110\u1ea1i Nam ch\u00ednh bi\u00ean li\u1ec7t truy\u1ec7n, Q. 30, t. 36a. (2) Ho\u00e0ng L\u00ea nh\u1ea5t th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ed, t\u1eadp II, 1984, tr. 190 (3) \u0110\u1ea1i Nam ch\u00ednh bi\u00ean li\u1ec7t truy\u1ec7n, Q. 80, t. 36a. Nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec3u h\u1ebft \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a gi\u1eb7c, vua Quang Trung n\u00f3i v\u1edbi Ng\u00f4 Th\u00ec Nh\u1eadm... \u201cH\u1ecd m\u01b0\u1ee3n ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 ri\u00eang m\u00e0 th\u00f4t. Nay h\u1ecd b\u1ecb ta \u0111\u00e1nh thua, nh\u1ecbn \u0111i th\u00ec th\u1eb9n, b\u00e1o th\u00f9 th\u00ec kh\u00f3\u201d (1). Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 vua Quang Trung ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean. Ng\u00f4 Th\u00ec Nh\u1eadm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho nh\u00e0 Thanh. C\u00f2n Ph\u00fac Khang An \u201c\u0111\u00e3 ch\u00ednh m\u1eaft th\u1ea5y Ngh\u1ecb tr\u01a1 tr\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh ch\u1ea1y v\u1ec1. Sau \u0111\u00f3, tai l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe thanh th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a vua Quang Trung n\u00ean trong b\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi r\u1ee5t r\u00e8, lo s\u1ee3. . . b\u00e8n n\u00f3i nh\u1ecf v\u1edbi vi\u00ean thu\u1ed9c quan r\u1eb1ng: Nam - B\u1eafc th\u00f4i vi\u1ec7c binh \u0111ao, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a sinh d\u00e2n, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u may m\u1eafn cho quan \u1edf ngo\u00e0i b\u1edd c\u00f5t. Ta nghe n\u00f3i vi\u00ean quan coi vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam t\u00ean l\u00e0 Ng\u00f4 Th\u00ec Nh\u1eadm, bao nhi\u00eau th\u01b0 t\u1eeb t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u0111\u1ec1u do tay y m\u00e0 ra. V\u1eady ng\u01b0\u01a1i n\u00ean vi\u1ebft th\u01b0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, b\u1ea3o y chuy\u00ean t\u00e2m ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3ng ho\u00e0, g\u1ea5p r\u00fat vi\u1ebft t\u1edd bi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1 t\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0a sang, ta s\u1ebd \u1edf trong gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 cho, vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u0169ng xong\u201d (2). Ng\u00f4 Th\u00ec Nh\u1eadm th\u1ea3o xong t\u1edd bi\u1ec3u c\u1ea7u phong, vua Quang Trung c\u1eed t\u01b0\u1edbng H\u00f4 H\u1ed5 h\u1ea7u l\u00e0m ch\u00ednh s\u1ee9 \u0111i Trung Qu\u1ed1c, tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp g\u1eb7p Thang H\u00f9ng Nghi\u1ec7p. B\u00e0i bi\u1ec3u c\u00f3 l\u1eddi l\u1ebd nh\u00fan nh\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 l\u00fd c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c t\u00f4n ph\u1ebf L\u00ea Chi\u00eau Th\u1ed1ng, v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3n \u0111\u00e1nh qu\u00e2n Thi\u00ean tri\u1ec1u l\u00e0 do T\u00f4n S\u0129","Ngh\u1ecb c\u1ea3. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u00e0i bi\u1ec3u l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t \u0111anh th\u00e9p, \u0111e d\u1ecda, m\u1ec9a mai: \u201cT\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n \u1edf bi\u00ean c\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u1ea1i v\u00ec ti\u1ec1n hay v\u00ec g\u00e1i m\u00e0 \u0111em t\u1edd bi\u1ec3u ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n x\u00e9 n\u00e9m xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t, l\u00e0m nh\u1ee5c s\u1eed gi\u1ea3, \u00fd mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed9ng binh d\u1ea5y qu\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 do \u0110\u1ea1i Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf sai khi\u1ebfn hay do T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb v\u00ec m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 sai khi\u1ebfn do mong l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng \u1edf bi\u00ean c\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 c\u1ea7u l\u1ee3i l\u1edbn\u201d. Ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh: \u201cNay \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh thi\u00ean t\u1eed l\u1ea1i \u0111i so h\u01a1n thua v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ee3 nh\u1ecf, \u1eaft l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n c\u00f9ng kh\u1ed1n binh s\u0129, l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c h\u1ea7u s\u01b0\u1edbng kho\u00e1i c\u00e1i l\u00f2ng tham lam t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o th\u00ec ch\u1eafc l\u00f2ng d\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eabn. C\u00f2n n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 chi\u00ean tranh k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, t\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i n\u00e0o th\u00ec th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do th\u1ea7n mu\u1ed1n, m\u00e0 th\u1ea7n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m n\u00f3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf s\u1ebd \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u\u201d. Mu\u1ed1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh trong m\u1ed9t v\u00e1n b\u00e0i m\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c th\u00ec con ch\u1ee7 b\u00e0i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1eadt t\u1ea9y. Thang H\u00f9ng Nghi\u1ec7p nghe r\u1ee3n c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn gi\u1eef th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u00f4n t\u1ed3n, y n\u00f3i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 H\u00f4 H\u1ed5 h\u1ea7u r\u1eb1ng: \u201c Nay kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 hai n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e1nh nhau sao l\u1ea1i h\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 to\u00e0n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdng gi\u1eadn d\u1eef. N\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u phong v\u01b0\u01a1ng hay mu\u00f4n g\u00e2y h\u1ea5n can qua ch\u0103ng (3) Nh\u1eadn t\u1edd bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 th\u1ea7n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9i m\u1ed9t t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1t l\u00ean Thanh \u0111\u1ebf, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 Thang H\u00f9ng Nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t uy t\u00edn tr\u01b0\u1edbc vua Thanh. V\u1ec1 sau vi\u1ec7c giao thi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi T\u00e2y S\u01a1n, C\u00e0n Long giao tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho T\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed1c Ph\u00fac Khang An, Khang An \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a Thanh \u0111\u1ebf. B\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i th\u00ec C\u00e0n Long t\u1ecf ra ho\u00e0 hi\u1ebfu, th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n, ph\u00fac Khang An l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t chu \u0111\u00e1o, ki\u00eang n\u1ec3 nh\u01b0ng trong b\u1ee5ng th\u00ec th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u. C\u00e0n Long \u0111\u00e3 quan t\u00e2m, theo d\u00f5i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn Quang Trung v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. Th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 1789, khi nghe tin T\u00f4n V\u0129nh Thanh t\u00e2u g\u1eb7p Th\u00e0nh L\u00e2m sang phong v\u01b0\u01a1ng cho Quang Trung \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ec1, C\u00e0n Long ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb cho T\u00f4n V\u0129nh Thanh c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n: \u201cTr\u1eabm x\u00e9t Th\u00e0nh L\u00e2m sang Th\u0103ng Long tuy\u00ean phong t\u1ea5t ch\u1eafc m\u1ee5c k\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 phong th\u1ed5 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5y. Tr\u1eabm mu\u00f4n x\u00e9t h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u1ea5y th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n l\u1eddi t\u00e2u c\u1ee7a T\u00f4n V\u0129nh Thanh. Ph\u1ea3i cho ngay Th\u00e0nh L\u00e2m ti\u1ebfn kinh \u0111\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1eabm h\u1ecfi\u201d (4). ____________________________ (1) Ho\u00e0ng L\u00ea nh\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng ch\u00ed, S\u0111d, tr. 190. (2) \u0110\u1ea1i Nam ch\u00ednh bi\u00ean li\u1ec7t truy\u1ec7n, Q. 30, t. 86b, 37a. (3) \u0110\u1ea1i Nam ch\u00ednh bi\u00ean li\u1ec7t truy\u1ec7n, Q. 80,t. 36b, 37a. (4) \u0110\u1ea1i Thanh th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c, Q. 1342, t. 17a. N\u0103m 1789, khi Th\u00e0nh L\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed sang Th\u0103ng Long trao s\u1eafc phong cho vua Quang Trung, C\u00e0n Long c\u00f3 t\u1eb7ng cho Quang Trung chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o m\u00e0u c\u00f3 th\u00eau kim tuy\u1ebfn b\u1ea3y ch\u1eef: Xa t\u00e2m chi\u1ebfc tr\u1ee5c \u0111a \u0111i\u1ec1n th\u1eed. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o m\u00e0 C\u00e0n Long t\u1eb7ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1792, Khi vua Quang Trung ch\u1ebft, C\u00e0n Long c\u00f3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 t\u1eb7ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00e2u th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y l\u00e0: Th\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t n\u0103ng b\u00e3i ai thu\u1eadt. C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: \u201c7 ch\u1eef kh\u00f4ng d\u1ee9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u1ec1m x\u00f3t xa c\u1ee7a Tr\u1eabm\u201d. C\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ai hi\u1ec3u 7 ch\u1eef g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra ni\u1ec1m x\u00f3t xa c\u1ee7a C\u00e0n Long? V\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao C\u00e0n Long c\u1ee9 nh\u1eafc m\u00e3i chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o? Trong n\u0103m 1789, khi t\u1eb7ng \u00e1o, C\u00e0n Long c\u00f3 th\u01a1 trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00e2u Ph\u00e1t d\u1ecb Nam bang y d\u1eef qua. C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: \u201cM\u0169 \u00e1o kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam\u201d. R\u1ed3i sau khi Quang Trung ch\u1ebft, n\u0103m 1792, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u01a1 t\u1eb7ng, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e2u : Thu trung th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ee9c y quan t\u00fac. C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: \u201cTrong m\u00f9a thu tr\u01b0\u1edbc, tr\u1eabm nh\u1edb Qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u00e1o m\u00e3o \u0111oan trang\u201d. R\u1ed3i t\u1ea1i sao C\u00e0n Long c\u1ee9 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi Quang Trung nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 l\u1ec7 c\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0ng th\u1eddi Minh l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5, ch\u00ea tr\u00e1ch, c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Thanh \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n l\u00f2ng th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Quang Trung v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u Qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng","ti\u1ebfn kinh, tri\u1ec1u c\u1eadn. N\u0103m 1790, \u0111o\u00e0n s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 v\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u1ea1m C\u00f4ng Tr\u1ecb sang, C\u00e0n Long c\u00f3 t\u1eb7ng th\u01a1, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00e2u: \u201cTh\u1eafng tri\u1ec1u U\u1ed1ng S\u1ef1 b\u1ec9 kim nh\u00e2n C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: Tri\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eaft c\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng khinh b\u1ec9. N\u0103m 1793, sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o tin vua Quang Trung ch\u1ebft, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u1eb7ng th\u01a1 v\u1edbi c\u00e2u: Ho\u00e0i nghi khan ti\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea1i kim nh\u00e2n. C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: Tr\u1eabm ho\u00e0i nghi v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng c\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f2i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf l\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Minh l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang, t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1n cu\u1ed1i, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u00fd c\u1ee7a C\u00e0n Long . Nh\u00e0 Minh bi\u1ebft \u0111au x\u00f3t khi Li\u1ec5u Th\u0103ng ch\u1ebft n\u00ean b\u1eaft n\u01b0\u1edbc ta ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf. Nh\u00e0 Thanh c\u00f3 H\u1ee9a Th\u1ebf Hanh v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u vi\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edbng cao c\u1ea5p kh\u00e1c ch\u1ebft sao vua Thanh kh\u00f4ng \u0111au x\u00f3t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng b\u1ecf l\u1ec7 c\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ch\u00ea nh\u00e0 Minh ch\u1eb3ng bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u, \u0111\u00e1ng khinh b\u1ec9. Gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfn c\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadt ti\u1ebfn kinh \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 hai y\u00eau s\u00e1ch b\u1ee9c thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a hai tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Minh - Thanh sau khi xua qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh ta nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb b\u1ea1i tr\u1eadn c\u00f3 \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 g\u00ec? Vi\u1ec7c C\u00e0n Long sai h\u1ecda s\u0129 v\u1ebd truy\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3 v\u01b0\u01a1ng Quang Trung n\u0103m 1790, c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00ec trong \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng? (1) Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 Thanh b\u00e3i l\u1ec7 c\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n b\u1ecf ti\u1ec1n ra ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3n, qu\u00e0 c\u00e1p, t\u1eb7ng bi\u1ebfu r\u1ea5t chu t\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n c\u1ee7a ta. Ph\u00eda \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111i ch\u00fac th\u1ecd C\u00e0n Long n\u0103m 1790, quan c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c chi ph\u00ed qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng khi \u1ee9ng ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi \u0111o\u00e0n v\u00e0 truy vi\u1ec7c do Ph\u00fac Khang An kh\u01a1i ra n\u00ean Khang An b\u1ecb C\u00e0n Long c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1o. ____________________________ (1) Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3 v\u01b0\u01a1ng Quang Trung \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb xin m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c ch\u00e2n dung C\u00e0n Long l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n. Trong t\u1edd thi\u1ebfp g\u1eedi cho Ph\u00fac Khang An tr\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i cho C\u00e0n Long c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00f3i: \u201cNay h\u1ea1 th\u1ea7n mu\u1ed1n xin m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c ch\u00e2n dung c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 mang v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc, k\u00ednh c\u1ea9n cung ph\u1ee5ng \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec7n K\u00ednh Thi\u00ean\u201d . V\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n C\u00e0n Long \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Trong ng\u00e0y 10 th\u00e1ng 6 \u00e2m l\u1ecbch (1790), Thanh \u0111\u1ebf c\u00f3 ra d\u1ee5 g\u1eedi cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e1ng l\u01b0u \u00fd: \u201cL\u1ea1i t\u00ednh m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y ti\u00eau 4.000 l\u1ea1ng b\u1ea1c, m\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Quang B\u00ecnh v\u1eeba \u0111i v\u1eeba v\u1ec1 m\u1ea5t 200 ng\u00e0y th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i chi d\u00f9ng h\u01a1n 80 v\u1ea1n l\u1ea1ng. Gi\u00e1 l\u1ea5y s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n \u1ea5y m\u00e0 l\u00e0m qu\u00e2n ph\u00ed \u0111em sang \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00e1o th\u00f9 cho b\u1ecdn H\u1ee9a Th\u1ebf Hanh c\u00f2n h\u01a1n, Tr\u1eabm s\u1edf d\u0129 kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng binh \u1edf An Nam l\u00e0 v\u00ec Tr\u1eabm ti\u1ebfc c\u1ee7a v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e2n, l\u1ebd n\u00e0o Ph\u00fac Khang An l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a Tr\u1eabm \u01b0\u201d (1). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u1edbi t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecba nh\u00e0 Thanh, vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1o th\u00f9 l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, nh\u01b0ng b\u00e1o th\u00f9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u00edt t\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a, d\u00e2n kh\u1ecfi k\u00eau m\u00e0 v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u00ec C\u00e0n Long \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea1ch to\u00e1n kinh t\u1ebf - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u00e0 hi\u1ebfu gi\u1eefa hai n\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u0103m 1792, vua Quang Trung ch\u1ebft, sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian l\u00e2u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta m\u1edbi nghi\u1ec7m ra. Chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o b\u00e0o m\u00e0 C\u00e0n Long t\u1eb7ng Quang Trung v\u00e0o n\u0103m phong v\u01b0\u01a1ng 1789 c\u00f3 7 \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ef1: Xa t\u00e2m chi\u1ebfc tr\u1ee5c \u0111a \u0111i\u1ec1n th\u1eed c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1eef xa v\u00e0 ch\u1eef t\u00e2m gh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ch\u1eef Hu\u1ec7 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Hu\u1ec7 g\u00e3y tr\u1ee5c - Hu\u1ec7 l\u00e0 t\u00ean vua Quang Trung. Th\u1eed l\u00e0 con chu\u1ed9t l\u00e0 con v\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 n\u0103m T\u00fd. C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft (g\u00e3y tr\u1ee5c) v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1792 (n\u0103m 1792 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Nh\u00e2m T\u00fd). Th\u1ebf m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i linh di\u1ec7u kh\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf Trung Qu\u1ed1c. C\u00e0n Long ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201ctri thi\u00ean m\u1ec7nh\u201d gi\u1ecfi hay l\u00e0 k\u1ebb ch\u1ee7 m\u01b0u \u00e1m h\u1ea1i vua Quang Trung? Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, b\u00ed m\u1eadt v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a vua Quang Trung ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e9n l\u00ean th\u00ec m\u1ecdi gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a tham kh\u1ea3o nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 \u00edch . \u2018 C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a vua Quang Trung c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef b\u00ed m\u1eadt l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ec h\u00e0ng n\u0103m, th\u1eddi tu\u1ea7n, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 gia quy\u1ebfn t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c gi\u1ed7 k\u1ef5 cho \u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ghi l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi nhau. Ngu\u1ef5 Nguy\u00ean, s\u1eed gia Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1eddi Thanh vi\u1ebft trong cu\u1ed1n \u201c C\u00e0n Long chinh v\u0169 An Nam k\u00fd\u201d (1842) ghi v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 3 \u00e2m l\u1ecbch n\u0103m Nh\u00e2m T\u00fd l\u00e0 sat. V\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 1 th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3, vua Quang Trung","c\u00f2n vi\u1ebft chi\u1ebfu g\u1eedi cho La S\u01a1n phu t\u1eed \u1edf Ngh\u1ec7 An. \u0110\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 10 th\u00e1ng 7, vua Quang Trung n\u0103m th\u1ee9 5 (1792) nh\u00e0 vua v\u1eabn c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ra l\u1ec7nh cho d\u00e2n hai ph\u1ee7 Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i, Quy Nh\u01a1n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh qu\u00e2n Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh \u1edf Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh. S\u00e1ch Ho\u00e0ng L\u00ea nh\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng ch\u00ed ghi l\u00e0 th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ghi ng\u00e0y c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (2). S\u1eed s\u00e1ch d\u01b0\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i Nam ch\u00ednh bi\u00ean li\u1ec7t truy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 T\u00e2y S\u01a1n thu\u1ef7 m\u1ea1t th\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec1u ghi l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y 29 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m Nh\u00e2m T\u00fd (3). Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh T\u00e2y S\u01a1n b\u00e1o tang v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 Thanh c\u00f9ng ng\u00e0y 29 th\u00e1ng 9. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch T\u00e2y S\u01a1n th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c (4), L\u00ea Qu\u00fd D\u1eadt s\u1eed (5) ghi l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y 30 th\u00e1ng 7, Phan Huy \u00cdch trong b\u00e0i th\u01a1 Thu ph\u1ee5ng qu\u1ed1c tang c\u1ea3m thu\u1eadt, ph\u1ea7n nguy\u00ean d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a Phan c\u00f3 ghi l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y 30 th\u00e1ng 7 th\u00ec vua Quang Trung v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi (6). Ng\u00e0y 21 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1792, \u00f4ng Longer c\u00f3 th\u01b0 vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1ed3n r\u1eb1ng vua \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft v\u00ec b\u1ec7nh. . . tuy nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ngu\u1ed3n tin \u0111\u00f3\u201d . Ng\u00e0y 21 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1792, \u00f4ng Longer l\u1ea1i g\u1eedi th\u01a1 cho \u00f4ng Blandin nh\u01b0 sau: \u201c\u00f4ng La Mothe (7) c\u0169ng b\u00e1o cho t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a vua Quang Trung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef b\u00ed m\u1eadt g\u1ea7n hai th\u00e1ng tr\u1eddi, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tang v\u1ecb Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf anh minh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft \u00f4ng m\u1ea5t v\u00ec b\u1ec7nh g\u00ec?\u201d Nh\u01b0 v\u00e2y, \u00f4ng La Mothe \u0111\u00e3 trao cho ch\u00fang ta chi\u1ebft ch\u00eca kho\u00e1 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u00ecm ra m\u00e3 s\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y m\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a vua Quang Trung. Ng\u00e0y m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00e0 b\u00e1o tang t\u1edbi nh\u00e0 Thanh l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y 29 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m Nh\u00e2m T\u00fd. C\u00f2n ng\u00e0y m\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 th\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ea7n hai th\u00e1ng. ____________________________ (1) \u0110\u1ea1i Thanh th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c, Q. 1856, t. 26a. (1) S\u0111d, t\u1eadp 11, tr. 208. (3) Li\u1ec7t truy\u1ec7n, Q. 30, t. 42b. (4) B\u1ea3n ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, ch\u00e9p tay, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u khoa S\u1eed, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p H\u00e0 N\u1ed9t. (5) B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Phan V\u0103n Th\u00e1m, KHXH, HN, 1987, tr. 108. (6) Th\u01a1 v\u0103n Phan Huy \u00cdch, t\u1eadp II, D\u1ee5 am ng\u00e2m l\u1ee5c, KHXH, HN, (7) Charle La Mothe (1751 - 1816) gi\u00e1o s\u0129 sang B\u1eafc H\u00e0 t\u1eeb 1782 - 1793 l\u00e0m ph\u1ee5 t\u00e1 cho gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Longer \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn Vinh. V\u1eady c\u00e1i ng\u00e0y m\u00e0 T\u00e2y S\u01a1n th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c, L\u00ea Qu\u00fd D\u1eadt s\u1eed v\u00e0 Phan Huy \u00cdch ghi: 30 th\u00e1ng 7 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y m\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a vua Quang Trung. L\u00ea Qu\u00fd D\u1eadt s\u1eed c\u00f2n ghi: Tu\u00e2n theo di l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a vua cha, \u0111\u1ec3 tang ng\u1eafn ng\u00e0y, 3 th\u00e1ng th\u00f4i m\u1eb7c \u00e1o tang, sai s\u1ee9 sang b\u00e1o tang cho nh\u00e0 Thanh (1). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady theo l\u1eddi d\u1eb7n c\u1ee7a vua Quang Trung, tang l\u1ec5 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nhanh g\u1ecdn, \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, 3 th\u00e1ng sau khi m\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 tang, xem nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, khi \u0111\u00e3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh xong vi\u1ec7c n\u01b0\u1edbc vi\u1ec7c nh\u00e0 m\u1edbi sai s\u1ee9 sang Trung Qu\u1ed1c b\u00e1o tang. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf ng\u00e0y m\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng ch\u1ea1p, Ng\u00f4 Th\u00ec Nh\u1eadm m\u1edbi ra \u0111i t\u1eeb Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n, n\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng gi\u00eang n\u0103m sau C\u00e0n Long m\u1edbi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1o th\u00e1ng 7 m\u00e0 b\u00e1o l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y 29 th\u00e1ng 9. Hai th\u00e1ng th\u1eadt h\u01b0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 hai th\u00e1ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi b\u1ea5t tr\u1eafc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00eda: Nh\u00e0 Thanh, Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c n\u1eefa, nh\u01b0 d\u1ea1o b\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m Ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu m\u1ea5t, Nh\u1ea1c nghe tin \u0111\u1ed3n, t\u01b0\u1edfng vua Quang Trung \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft, li\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0a qu\u00e2n ra \u0111\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfm Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n, sau m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb h\u1ed1 n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat v\u1ec1. T\u00ecnh th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef b\u00ed m\u1eadt v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c cao. Trong c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ghi l\u1ea1i th\u00ec l\u1eddi ghi ch\u00fa c\u1ee7a Phan Huy \u00cdch trong b\u00e0i th\u01a1 M\u00f9a thu cung ph\u1ee5ng qu\u1ed1c tang c\u1ea3m thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin h\u01a1n c\u1ea3. Phan Huy \u00edch v\u00e0o Hu\u1ebf d\u1ef1 l\u1ec5 tang c\u1ee7a vua Quang Trung. Phan Huy \u00cdch c\u00f2n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb h\u00e0nh trang cho s\u1ee9 \u0111o\u00e0n Ng\u00f4 Th\u00ec Nh\u1eadm t\u1eeb Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n \u0111i Trung Qu\u1ed1c b\u00e1o tang v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng ra Th\u0103ng Long \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3n s\u1ee9 th\u1ea7n nh\u00e0 Thanh sang l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 ph\u00fang \u0111i\u1ebfu b\u00ean ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vua Quang Trung \u1edf c\u1ea1nh H\u1ed3 T\u00e2y.","Ng\u00e0y 30 th\u00e1ng 7 m\u00e0 Phan Huy \u00cdch ghi l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac th\u00e0nh th\u01a1 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y kh\u00f3 qu\u00ean trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Phan. Ng\u00e0y 30 th\u00e1ng 7 m\u00e0 Phan Huy \u00edch ch\u00fa d\u1eabn trong b\u00e0i th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ng\u00e0y ghi c\u1ee7a bi\u00ean ni\u00ean s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n trong s\u00e1ch L\u00ea Qu\u00fd D\u1eadt s\u1eed, c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi (2) v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 sau l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y S\u01a1n th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c. C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ecbch l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, l\u1ecbch T\u00e2y S\u01a1n, l\u1ecbch Nguy\u1ec5n, l\u1ecbch Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00fat v\u1ec1 th\u00e1ng nhu\u1eadn, th\u00e1ng thi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ee7. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi d\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ecbch theo cu\u1ed1n Ni\u00ean bi\u1ec3u Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00ec th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m Nh\u00e2m T\u00fd (1792) l\u00e0 th\u00e1ng thi\u1ebfu ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y 30. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nghi ng\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 Phan Huy \u00edch m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ca Quang Trung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3 N\u1ebfu th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m Nh\u00e2m T\u00fd \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y 30 nh\u01b0 Phan Huy \u00cdch \u0111\u00e3 ghi, th\u00ec ng\u00e0y vua Quang Trung t\u1eeb tr\u1ea7n l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y 16 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1792. N\u1ebfu th\u00e1ng 7 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 29 ng\u00e0y m\u00e0 th\u00f4i (do th\u00e1ng thi\u1ebfu) th\u00ec t\u00ednh ra d\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ecbch l\u00e0 15 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1792. Ng\u00e0y m\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a vua Quang Trung c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 Longer ghi l\u1ea1i. Trong b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y 4 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1801, Longer g\u1eedi cho hai \u00f4ng Boiret v\u00e0 Descourvieres \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cVous n\u2019ignorez par que le Tyran Quang Trung p\u00e8re de Canh Thinh, mort le 15 S\u00eaptmbre 1792\u201d (3). D\u1ecbch l\u00e0: \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e2u ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1o ch\u00faa Quang Trung cha c\u1ee7a C\u1ea3nh Th\u1ecbnh m\u1ea5t ng\u00e0y 15 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1792 (4). ____________________________- (1) L\u00ea Qu\u00fd D\u1eadt s\u1eed, S\u0111d, tr. 108. (2). Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a B\u00f9i D\u01b0\u01a1ng L\u1ecbch. (3) T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u Archives de Misson Etrang\u00e8re de Paris (AMEP) Tonkin, 693, tr. 512. Jacques Belamin Longer, sinh \u1edf Ronen \u0111\u1ebfn Nam H\u00e0 ng\u00e0y 4 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1775, n\u0103m 1790 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5n phong l\u00e0m gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c cai qu\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn T\u00e2y B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ch\u1ebft n\u0103m 1831, th\u1ecd 80 tu\u1ed5i (4) Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y (1946), Ho\u00e0ng Xu\u00e2n H\u00e3n t\u00ednh ng\u00e0y m\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a vua Quang Trung l\u00e0 gi\u1edd d\u1ea1 T\u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0y 29 th\u00e1ng 7 t\u1ee9c ng\u00e0y 19 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1972. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, L\u00ea Th\u00e0nh L\u00e2n cho l\u00e0 vua Quang Trung m\u1ea5t v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 16 th\u00e1ng 9 l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, v\u00ec cho th\u00e1ng 7 Nh\u00e2m T\u00fd l\u00e0 th\u00e1ng thi\u1ebfu th\u00ec ng\u00e0y 30 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y 1 \u0111\u1ebfn 2 th\u00e1ng t\u00e1m, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng khi t\u00ednh ra d\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb th\u1ee5t l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y (?), c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 15 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1792 (b\u00e1o Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ng\u00e0y 13 th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 1987). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, theo \u00f4ng Longer, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 vuaQuang Trung m\u1ea5t v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfm 15 r\u1ea1ng ng\u00e0y 16 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1792 ch\u0103ng? GS Ho\u00e0ng Xu\u00e2n H\u00e3n cho l\u00e0 gi\u1edd d\u1ea1 T\u00fd? Hay Longer v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 ghi \u0111\u00e3 sau 9 n\u0103m, n\u00ean ng\u00e0y 15 th\u00e1ng 9 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y k\u1ef5 c\u1ee7a vua Quang Trung? C\u00f2n ng\u00e0y m\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y 16 th\u00e1ng 9? Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ng\u00e0y Quang Trung t\u1eeb tr\u1ea7n l\u00e0 r\u1ea1ng ng\u00e0y 16 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1792 l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd nh\u1ea5t (1). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u1ebfu vua Quang Trung c\u00f3 b\u1ecb \u1ed1m n\u1eb7ng, c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 10 th\u00e1ng 7 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 30 th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m Nh\u00e2m T\u00fd th\u00ec m\u1ea5t. Ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng, h\u00e0ng n\u0103m nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan vi\u1ebft s\u1eed tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n trong cu\u1ed1n \u0110\u1ea1i Nam ch\u00ednh bi\u00ean li\u1ec7t truy\u1ec7n (2) v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a vua Quang Trung \u1edf Hu\u1ebf. K\u1ebb th\u00f9 th\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1eed s\u00e1ch tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n th\u00ec trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00e2m chung, vua Quang Trung lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb \u00e1m \u1ea3nh b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh. S\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ea1i Nam ch\u00ednh bi\u00ean li\u1ec7t truy\u1ec7n ch\u00e9p v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c vua Quang Trung tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ed1i tr\u0103ng l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi Tr\u1ea7n Quang Di\u1ec7u v\u00e0 tri\u1ec1u th\u1ea7n r\u1eb1ng: \u201cSau khi ta m\u1ea5t r\u1ed3i, ph\u1ea3i trong m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng lo ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t s\u01a1 s\u00e0i cho xong vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 th\u00f4t. C\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f2 Th\u00e1i t\u1eed s\u1edbm ra V\u0129nh \u0110\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebf kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf thi\u00ean h\u1ea1. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh k\u00e9o ra, c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ed7 ch\u00f4n \u0111\u1ea5y\u201d (3). S\u00e1ch T\u00e2y s\u01a1n thu\u1eadt l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i ghi: \u201cth\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1ea3y Hu\u1ec7 hay s\u1ee3 \u0110\u1ee9c Cao Ho\u00e0ng Gia Long ta, l\u00fac \u0111au nguy c\u1ea5p Hu\u1ec7 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi k\u1ebb b\u1ea7y t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng: H\u1eafn s\u1ebd ph\u1ee5c qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 k\u1ebb th\u01b0a r\u1eb1ng, n\u1ebfu h\u1eafn ra th\u00ec","b\u1ecdn h\u1ea1 th\u1ea7n xin \u0111\u00e1nh. Hu\u1ec7 n\u00f3i: Ng\u01b0\u01a1i ch\u1edb cho l\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i l\u00e1o, n\u1ebfu h\u00f4m nay ta ch\u1ebft, th\u00ec ng\u00e0y mai h\u1eafm \u1eaft ra, n\u1ebfu mai ta ch\u1ebft th\u00ec ng\u00e0y sau h\u1eafn \u1eaft ra. Ng\u01b0\u01a1i c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u01a1i xem. N\u00f3i xong Hu\u1ec7 li\u1ec1n m\u1ea5t\u201d (4). Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ch\u00f4n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u, khi b\u00e1o tang v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 Thanh th\u00ec b\u00e1o l\u00e0 ch\u1ebft \u1edf Ngh\u1ec7 An nh\u01b0ng ch\u00f4n \u1edf g\u1ea7n H\u1ed3 T\u00e2y (Th\u0103ng Long). V\u00e0 c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh gi\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n l\u00fac b\u00e1o tang v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 sau n\u00e0y khi s\u1ee9 th\u1ea7n Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 Th\u00e0nh L\u00e2m sang \u0111i\u1ebfu tang c\u0169ng b\u1ecb T\u00e2y S\u01a1n ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n. S\u1eed s\u00e1ch nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n th\u00ec ghi: th\u00e1ng 10 m\u1edbi lo l\u1ec5 an t\u00e1ng, m\u1ed9 ch\u00f4n \u1edf ph\u00eda Nam s\u00f4ng H\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 ch\u00f4n qua loa (5). Ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 trong hai th\u00e1ng, t\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng khai cho d\u00e2n ch\u00fang v\u00e0 b\u00e1o v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 Thanh l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1ecdi tang l\u1ec5, ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t, x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eafp l\u0103ng m\u1ed9. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u0169ng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i b\u00ed m\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u00ed m\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t, trong t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1792. V\u00e0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9 t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng sau khi Quang Trung ch\u1ebft ch\u1eafc m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eadn ra. V\u1eady ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng, trong v\u00f2ng t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ebfn hai th\u00e1ng, theo di hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a vua Quang Trung, l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t, x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eafp trong v\u00f2ng b\u00ed m\u1eadt n\u00ean tang l\u1ec5 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng linh \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng quy m\u00f4, tr\u00e1ng l\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3u l\u1eadp m\u1ed9 \u1edf Linh \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3n s\u1ee9 Thanh? C\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1edd, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cung \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0110an D\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00fac vua Quang Trung c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng, gi\u1edd l\u00e0m n\u01a1i th\u1edd t\u1ef1, th\u0103m vi\u1ebfng, h\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f3i s\u1edbm h\u00f4m v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 vua. \u0110i\u1ec7n \u0110an D\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1eafc \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ea7n trong khu v\u1ef1c th\u00e0nh Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 Ng\u1ecdc H\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u1edf, tri\u1ec1u th\u1ea7n ti\u1ec7n \u0111i l\u1ea1i chi\u00eam b\u00e1i. C\u00f2n l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, nh\u01b0 s\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ea1i Nam ch\u00ednh bi\u00ean li\u1ec7t truy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf Nam S\u00f4ng H\u01b0\u01a1ng (t\u00e1ng vu H\u01b0\u01a1ng Giang chi nam) (6), nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n d\u00e8 d\u1eb7t, v\u00ec Li\u1ec7t truy\u1ec7n ghi ng\u00e0y ch\u1ebft, th\u00e1ng ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a vua Quang Trung \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang r\u1ed3i. ______________________________- (1) x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i gi\u1edd ng\u00e0y m\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a vua Quang Trung, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Ki\u00ean th\u1ee9c ng\u00e0y nay s\u1ed1 260 (10-10 1997), m\u1ee5c Chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f4ng chuy\u1ec7n t\u00e2y do An Chi ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch. (2) Quy\u1ec3n 30, t. 42a - 42b. (3) Quy\u1ec3n 30, t. 42b. (4) V\u00f4 danh, T\u1ea1 Quang Ph\u00e1t d\u1ecbch. S\u1eed \u0111\u1ecba s\u1ed1 9 - 1968, tr. 165. (5) \u0110\u1ea1i Nam ch\u00ednh bi\u00ean li\u1ec7t truy\u1ec7n, Q. 30, t. 43a. (6) Q. 30, t. 43a v\u00e0 55b. Nh\u01b0ng chi ti\u1ebft n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00fang: th\u1ecb \u0111\u00f4ng xa gi\u00e1 ho\u00e0n kinh, c\u00e1o mi\u1ebfu hi\u1ebfn ph\u00f9, t\u1eadn ph\u00e1p tr\u1eebng tr\u1ecb, qu\u1eadt ph\u00e1 Nh\u1ea1c, Hu\u1ec7 m\u1ed9, \u0111\u00e0o kh\u00ed h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t, vu k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u vu ng\u1ee5c th\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: M\u00f9a \u0110\u00f4ng (1802) xa gi\u00e1 Gia Long v\u1ec1 kinh \u0111\u00f4 Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n, c\u00e1o \u1edf t\u00f4n mi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 d\u00e2ng hi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u00f9 binh c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft v\u00e0 tr\u1eebng tr\u1ecb. M\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c, Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0o ph\u00e1, thi h\u00e0i b\u1ecb gi\u00e3 n\u00e1t r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ecf, nh\u1ed1t s\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ng\u1ee5c th\u1ea5t. S\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ea1i Nam th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh bi\u00ean c\u0169ng ghi r\u1eb1ng: \u201cPh\u00e1 hu\u1ef7 m\u1ed9 T\u00e2y S\u01a1n Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 b\u1ed5 s\u0103ng ph\u01a1i th\u00e2y, b\u00eau \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf ch\u1ee3. Con trai, con g\u00e1i h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a gi\u1eb7c 31 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb l\u0103ng tr\u00ec, c\u1eaft n\u00e1t th\u00e2y (1). Ng\u00e0y 7 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m Nh\u00e2m Tu\u1ea5t(1802), Gia Long l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 hi\u1ebfn ph\u00f9 \u1edf Th\u00e1i Mi\u1ebfu, s\u1eed qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n ghi l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng: \u201cSai Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Khi\u00eam l\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf dinh t\u00fac tr\u1ef1c v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u0103ng H\u1ef1u l\u00e0 Tham tri B\u1ed9 H\u00ecnh \u00e1p d\u1eabn Nguy\u1ec5n Quang To\u1ea3n v\u00e0 em l\u00e0 Quang Duy, Quang Thi\u1ec7u, Quang B\u00e0n ra ngo\u00e0i c\u1eeda th\u00e0nh x\u1eed \u00e1n l\u0103ng tr\u00ec cho n\u0103m voi x\u00e9 (d\u00f9ng n\u0103m con voi cho bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u, hai tay, hai ph\u00e2n r\u1ed3i cho voi x\u00e9 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 c\u1ef1c h\u00ecnh), \u0111em h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Nh\u1ea1c, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Hu\u1ec7 gi\u00e3 n\u00e1t r\u1ed3i v\u1ee9t \u0111i, c\u00f2n x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e2u c\u1ee7a Nh\u1ea1c, Hu\u1ec7, To\u00e0n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng Hu\u1ec7 th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u giam \u1edf nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 ngo\u1ea1i\u201d","(2). M\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ee5c k\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u1ea5n th\u1ea3m k\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u cho De la Bissaeh\u00e8re vi\u1ebft v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1807. Tr\u00edch \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 sau: T\u00f4i xin b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vua tr\u1ebb T\u00e2y S\u01a1n. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1eaft vua \u0111\u00f3 nh\u00ecn t\u1eadn m\u1eaft m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111au l\u00f2ng. H\u00e0i c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a cha m\u1eb9 vua ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 m\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u01b0\u1eddi hai n\u0103m nay. C\u00f9ng h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e0 con th\u00e2n c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a vua \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb qu\u1eadt l\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u1ea5y c\u00e1c x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Quang Trung, cha vua v\u00e0 c\u00e1c x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1eb9 vua l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m qua.. Theo t\u1ee5c l\u1ec7 m\u00ea t\u00edn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong x\u1ee9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111em c\u00e1c x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a hai v\u1ecb sinh th\u00e0nh ra vua \u0111em ch\u00e9m c\u1ed5 (ch\u00e9m l\u1ec7 d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c y\u1ec3m) v\u1eeba l\u00e0m s\u1ec9 nh\u1ee5c nh\u01b0ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n sinh ph\u00fac cho con ch\u00e1u. H\u1ed1t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ed3n v\u00e0o trong c\u00e1i gi\u1ecf l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 binh s\u0129 ti\u1ec3u ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0o. Xong, ngu\u1ed9i ta nghi\u1ec1n ra th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9t b\u1ecf v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i gi\u1ecf kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t vua tr\u1ebb T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho vua \u0111\u00f3 \u0111au kh\u1ed5. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ecf ra t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ng\u00f4i v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebf v\u01b0\u01a1ng, theo t\u1ee5c l\u1ec7 \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eafp b\u1ecb t\u1eed h\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u1ecdn cho vua m\u1ed9t b\u1eefa ti\u1ec7c kh\u00e1 thinh so\u1ea1n. Em vua can \u0111\u1ea3m h\u01a1n vua, th\u1ea5y vua \u0103n th\u00ec tr\u00e1ch n\u00f3i: \u201cNh\u00e0 m\u00ecnh thi\u1ebfu g\u00ec m\u00e2m, c\u1ea7n g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0103n m\u00e2m m\u01b0\u1edbn\u201d. \u0102n xong, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u00e9t gi\u1ebb v\u00e0o mi\u1ec7ng vua v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd kh\u1ecfi ch\u1eedi m\u1eafng vua m\u1edbi. \u0110o\u1ea1n tr\u00f3i tay vua v\u00e0o 4 con voi \u0111\u1ec3 cho voi x\u00e9. M\u1ed9t con \u0111\u00e3 k\u00e9o n\u00e1t \u0111\u00f9i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00f2i g\u00e2n vua ra, nh\u01b0ng vua v\u1eabn c\u00f2n quay m\u1eb7t ph\u00eda c\u00e1i gi\u1ecf ch\u1ee9a x\u01b0\u01a1ng cha m\u1eb9 vua. T\u00ean \u0111ao ph\u1ee7 d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t con dao, dao n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, \u0111\u1ec3 phanh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ra l\u00e0m b\u1ed1n ph\u1ea7n, c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f9i \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e9 n\u1eefa l\u00e0 n\u0103m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111em b\u00eau c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1c c\u1ecdc cao c\u1eafm \u1edf n\u0103m ch\u1ee3 \u0111\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t \u1edf trong \u0111\u00f4 th\u00e0nh. C\u00e1c c\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c canh gi\u1eef ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111e do\u1ea1 s\u1ebd ph\u1ea1t n\u1eb7ng nh\u0169ng ai l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t \u0111i. B\u1eaft ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac b\u1ecb v\u1eefa th\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb qu\u1ea1 \u0103n! (3). \u0110o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i t\u1ebf c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n mi\u1ebfu, Gia Long \u0111\u1ecdc: \u201cNh\u1ea1c, Hu\u1ec7 tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ebft r\u1ed3i c\u0169ng \u0111em phanh x\u00e1c, t\u00e1n quang \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9 cho mi\u1ebfu x\u00e3, r\u1eeda h\u1eddn cho th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n\u201d. N\u0103m 1805, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd L\u00ea, bi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7u \u00d4n Ph\u1ee7 t\u1eeb Thanh Ho\u00e1 v\u00e0o Hu\u1ebf tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i c\u1ee7i b\u1ecf h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a vua Quang Trung \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 b\u00e0i th\u01a1 Ki\u1ebfn Quang Trung qu\u1ef7, nh\u01b0 sau: ___________________________ (1) T\u1eadp II, s\u1eed h\u1ecdc H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1962, tr.451. (2) T\u1eadp III, tr. 85. (3) La Relation sur le Tonkin \u00e9t la Cochinchine de M\u00ed De la Bissa-ch\u00e8re 1807 c\u1ee7a Charles B. May bon, Champion, Paris, tr. 116 - 117. G\u1ea7m th\u00e9t bao n\u0103m chuy\u1ec3n gi\u00f3 m\u00e2y Anh h\u00f9ng hi\u1ebfm th\u1ea5y t\u1ef1 x\u01b0a nay Gi\u1edd c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c T\u00e1m th\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e2n r\u1ed3ng th\u1ea3m th\u01b0\u01a1ng thay M\u1ed1i h\u1eadn ngh\u00ecn thu ai c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft C\u1edb s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i n\u00e0y Gi\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ee9t g\u00e1nh, \u0111\u1eddi nghi\u00eang ng\u1ea3 C\u01a1 tr\u1eddi ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i, bi\u1ebft ch\u0103ng ai? Sau c\u00e1i ng\u00e0y th\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1c, kinh ho\u00e0ng v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng n\u0103m Nh\u00e2m Tu\u1ea5t (1802), nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Hu\u1ebf n\u01a1m n\u1edbp lo s\u1ee3 r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00fac n\u00e0o tai \u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra. Gia Long r\u1ed3i Minh M\u1ea1ng c\u1ed3n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c truy b\u1ee9c con ch\u00e1u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh T\u00e2y S\u01a1n tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, d\u00f9 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea9n tr\u1ed1n, mai danh \u1ea9n t\u00edch. C\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX h\u1eadn th\u00f9 v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u T\u00e2y S\u01a1n, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ai d\u00e1m ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111i t\u00ecm l\u0103ng m\u1ed9, d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft th\u1eddi T\u00e2y S\u01a1n. Chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 T\u00e2y S\u01a1n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t kinh \u0111\u00f4 c\u0169 c\u1ee7a Quang Trung. Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i b\u01b0\u1edbc qua th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p \u1edf Hu\u1ebf, l\u00e0 L. Cadi\u00e8re, l\u00fac l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 b\u00fat t\u1eadp","san \u0110\u00f4 th\u00e0nh hi\u1ebfu c\u1ed5 (B.A.V.H.)... n\u0103m 1928, Cadi\u00e8re \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng phu kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t 317 ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 \u1edf v\u00f9ng ngo\u1ea1i \u00d4 Hu\u1ebf (1), \u00f4ng ta d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh v\u1edbi bao n\u1ed7i th\u1eafc m\u1eafc. S\u1ef1 b\u0103n kho\u0103n \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ri\u00eang g\u00ec Cadi\u00e8re m\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p tho\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0 - t\u1ea1i sao gi\u1eefa khu r\u1eebng \u00e2m u xa th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 l\u1edbn th\u1ebf, n\u1ea5m m\u1ed9 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0o, bia l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee5c xo\u00e1? Ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i m\u1ea5t c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0i nghi v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u201ckh\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi sau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh m\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, quy m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i d\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i s\u01b0u kh\u1ea3o n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y s\u1ef1 t\u00f2 m\u00f2 c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. L. Cadi\u00e8re \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eedi th\u01b0 cho R.Orband \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ee9c l\u00e0 H\u1ed9 l\u00fd b\u1ed9 H\u1ed9, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 \u1edf Hu\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf m\u1ed9t nghi v\u1ea5n khoa h\u1ecdc. Cadi\u00e8re \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u00e0m r\u00f5 cho. - Nh\u1edd b\u1ed9 L\u1ec5 (hay m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c) h\u1ecfi g\u1ea5p l\u00e0ng C\u01a1 Ch\u00e1nh, ai \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00f4n trong c\u00e1i l\u0103ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ba V\u00e0nh? - T\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00f4n trong c\u00e1i l\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0o v\u00e0 d\u1eddi \u0111i? - Ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 sau ch\u00f4n trong l\u0103ng l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ai? - V\u00ec sao bia l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb b\u00faa \u0111\u1eadp? Sau m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan, R. Orband \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft th\u01b0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi Cadi\u00e8re v\u00e0 k\u00e8m theo m\u1ed9t ph\u00fac th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 L\u1ec5 c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i dung nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cB\u1ed9 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u01b0 cho Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean ph\u1ee7 chuy\u1ec3n h\u1ecfi l\u00e0ng C\u01a1 Ch\u00e1nh, nay x\u00e3 \u1ea5y khai r\u1eb1ng - Ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 ch\u00f4n ai v\u00e0 con ch\u00e1u thu\u1ed9c x\u00e3 th\u00f4n n\u00e0o th\u00ec ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5, ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9 \u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9 x\u01b0a. Nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1eafp ba l\u1edbp th\u00e0nh, t\u1ee5c x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 Ba V\u00e0nh, b\u1ecf ph\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb l\u00e2u, ch\u1ec9 l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t to\u00e0 bia \u0111\u00e1, t\u1ef1 t\u00edch b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7. N\u0103m Th\u00e0nh Th\u00e1i th\u1ee9 13 (1901), l\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00fac b\u1ea5y g\u00ec\u01a1 l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n B\u00fat (nay \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft) cho C\u01a1 m\u1eadt vi\u1ec7n th\u1eeba bi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 V\u0169 B\u00e1 Th\u01b0\u01a1ng nay ch\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111em th\u00e2n nh\u00e2n ch\u00f4n v\u00e0o l\u0103ng \u1ea5y. B\u1ed9 t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi vi\u00ean ch\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 V\u0169 B\u00e1 Th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec vi\u00ean \u1ea5y khai r\u1eb1ng. Ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 Ba V\u00e0nh l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh dinh H\u1ed9 b\u1ed9 ki\u00eam Binh b\u1ed9 t\u1eb7ng t\u00e1 l\u00fd c\u00f4ng th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea5n tr\u1ee5 qu\u1ed1c kim t\u1eed Vinh l\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea1i phu ch\u00e1nh tr\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1ee3ng khanh \u00fd \u0110\u1ee9c h\u1ea7u L\u00ea Qu\u00fd C\u00f4ng chi m\u1ed9. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Di l\u00e0 \u0110inh Nh\u01b0 Nghi, khai r\u1eb1ng: N\u0103m Th\u00e0nh Th\u00e1i th\u1ee9 7 (1895), con ch\u00e1u c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 l\u00e0 L\u00ea Xu\u00e2n (nay \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft) c\u1ea3i t\u00e1ng h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t trong m\u1ed9 \u0111em qua ch\u00f4n \u1edf n\u00fai Ng\u1ef1 B\u00ecnh. . . th\u00ec b\u1ecb d\u00e2n l\u00e0ng C\u01a1 Ch\u00e1nh nghi\u00eam tr\u00e1ch d\u1eef d\u1ed9i n\u00ean L\u00ea Xu\u00e2n ho\u1ea3ng s\u1ee3 b\u1ecf v\u00e0o \u1edf \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 th\u1ee3 thi\u1ebft, nay \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb tr\u1ea7n. _______________ (1) Tombeaux Annamite danh les Environs de Hu\u1ebf, B.A.V.H, 1928, s\u1ed1 1 tr. 1 - 99.","C\u00c1I CH\u1ebeT C\u1ee6A HO\u00c0NG \u0110\u1ebe QUANG TRUNG V\u00c0 V\u1ea4N \u0110\u1ec0 L\u0102NG M\u1ed8 C\u1ee6A \u00d4NG \u1ede HU\u1ebe (2) \u0110inh Nh\u01b0 Nghi \u0111\u00ednh k\u00e8m b\u1ea3n tr\u00edch gia ph\u1ea3 h\u1ecd L\u00ea v\u00e0o h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 v\u1edbi ba th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp, trong \u0111\u00f3, nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1eddi t\u00ed\u01b0 ba, c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 sau. Con c\u1ee7a Tham Ngh\u1ecb, Ch\u00e1nh dinh H\u1ed9 b\u1ed9 ki\u00eam Binh b\u1ed9 t\u1eb7ng t\u00e1 l\u00fd c\u00f4ng th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea5n tr\u1ee5 qu\u1ed1c kim t\u1eed Vinh l\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea1i phu ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1ee3ng khanh \u00dd \u0110\u1ee9c h\u1ea7u L\u00ea Qu\u1ed1c C\u00f4ng m\u1ed9 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ba V\u00e0nh \u1edf l\u00e0ng C\u01a1 Ch\u00e1nh. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n ph\u00fac tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3, v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh tan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed1i ho\u00e0i nghi c\u1ee7a Cadi\u00e8re v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh \u1edf l\u00e0ng C\u01a1 Ch\u00e1nh. N\u0103m 1941, Cadi\u00e8re l\u1ea1i g\u1ee3i \u00fd cho Nguy\u1ec5n Thi\u1ec7u L\u00e2u, gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean d\u1ea1y m\u00f4n S\u1eed \u0111\u1ecba t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ecdc Hu\u1ebf \u0111i t\u00ecm l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 vua Quang Trung, sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm, Nguy\u1ec5n Thi\u1ec7u L\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1, kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn, n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa r\u1eebng, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, bia b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee5c, n\u1ea5m m\u1ed9 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0o, qu\u00e1 x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201c\u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf Quang Trung\u201d (1). M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 nghi ng\u1edd c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 B\u1eedu K\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 quen thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9 Hu\u1ebf. B\u1eedu K\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn l\u1eadt l\u1ea1i h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 Ba V\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Cadi\u00e8re l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u1ea1i tu vi\u1ec7n Thi\u00ean An. Sau khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00fac th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 L\u1ec5 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1eddi khai c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n k\u00e8m theo, th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 l\u00fd, B\u1eedu K\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u201cTr\u1ee5 qu\u1ed1c kim t\u1eed V\u0129nh L\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 3 trong gia ph\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Xu\u00e2n ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a vua Quang Trung nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d (2). Cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1974, v\u1ee5 l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i r\u1ed9 l\u00ean trong gi\u1edbi b\u00e1o ch\u00ed \u1edf G\u00e0i G\u00f2n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Hu\u1ebf c\u00f3 quan t\u00e2m. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eadt b\u00e1o \u1edf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n trong th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1974 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u1ea3n tin s\u1ed1 28 c\u1ee7a Chi h\u1ed9i Thanh Th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i Hu\u1ebf t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft m\u1ed9t n\u0103m c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c v\u0103n ho\u00e1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cNg\u00e0y 29 th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1974, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n Thanh Th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 th\u00e2n h\u1eefu d\u00f9ng tr\u1ef1c th\u0103ng \u0111\u1ebfn L\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh, trong ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u00f4ng L\u00ea V\u0103n Ho\u00e0ng, L\u00ea \u0110\u00ecnh Cai l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Hu\u1ebf. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng L\u00ea V\u0103n Ho\u00e0ng vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i \u201cN\u00f3i v\u1ec1 l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh\u201d trong t\u1eadp san \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, L\u00ea V\u0103n Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3 k\u00fd \u1ee9c c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi trai tr\u1ebb, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1940, l\u00fac c\u00f2n l\u00e0m v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00fd Ng\u1ef1 ti\u1ec1n th\u1eddi B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i, \u00f4ng t\u00ecnh c\u1edd t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c Cadi\u00e8re g\u1eedi cho Orband, b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u1edd khai c\u1ee7a \u0110inh Nh\u01b0 Nghi v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n tr\u00edch gia ph\u1ea3 h\u1ecd L\u00ea \u0111\u00ednh k\u00e8m, c\u00f9ng t\u1edd khai c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i t\u00e1ng l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 v\u00e0o n\u0103m \u1ea4t T\u1ef5 (1905). C\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft L\u00ea V\u0103n Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0a ra v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u1edf Thi\u00ean An v\u00e0 B\u1eedu K\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 n\u0103m ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 c\u1ea3i t\u00e1ng l\u00e0 1905, trong khi h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 \u1edf Thi\u00ean An l\u00e0 1895 (3). C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 c\u1ee7a l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh m\u00e0 L\u00ea V\u0103n Ho\u00e0ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1940 c\u00f9ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t do Thanh Th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ed9i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. L\u00ea V\u0103n Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t \u201cNg\u00f4i m\u1ed9 Ba V\u00e0nh ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9 Quang Trung\u201d (4). M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a L\u00ea V\u0103n Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng. H\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t l\u00f2ng tin b\u1ecb s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5, ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong Thanh Th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh v\u1edbi L\u00ea V\u0103n Ho\u00e0ng trong ng\u00e0y 24 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 1974. __________________________- (1) B\u00e1ch khoa s\u1ed1 99 ng\u00e0y 15 th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 1961 v\u00e0 Qu\u1ed1c s\u1eed t\u1ea1p l\u1ee5c, tr. 438. (2) B\u00e1ch khoa s\u1ed1 102 ng\u00e0y 1 th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1961 v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n tri\u1ec1u c\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 (b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e1nh m\u00e1y). (3) Th\u1eadt ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa hai h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi do Cadi\u00eare \u0111\u1eb7t ra v\u00e0 ph\u00fac th\u01a1 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 L\u1ec5, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh v\u0103n, l\u1eddi d\u1ecbch ho\u1eb7c do m\u1ed9t k\u00fd \u1ee9c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. (4) G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, ng\u00e0y 15 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 1988 c\u1ee5 L\u00ea V\u0103n Ho\u00e0ng cung c\u1ea5p cho \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 b\u00e1o B\u00ecnh Tr\u1ecb","Thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 \u201cQuang Trung m\u1ed9 h\u1ed3i k\u00fd\u201d. C\u1ee5 L\u00ea V\u0103n Ho\u00e0ng cho bi\u1ebft, n\u0103m 1937 theo ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh, c\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 di s\u01b0u kh\u1ea3o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh, th\u00ec m\u1ed9t h\u00f4m, kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 ai s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f3 l\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0ng C\u01a1 Ch\u00e1nh \u0111em th\u1ea7y c\u00f2 \u0110inh Nh\u01b0 Nghi \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5 ... c\u00f3 mang theo b\u1ea3n gia ph\u1ea3 h\u1ecd L\u00ea \u1edf l\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Di, cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00f4i ch\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa c\u1ee5 Ho\u00e0ng v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch, l\u1eafm l\u00fac \u201ckh\u00e1ch\u201d t\u1ecf ra b\u00f4i r\u00f4l v\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u1ee5 Ho\u00e0ng cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Nam tri\u1ec1u, bi\u1ebft th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng s\u1ee3 li\u00ean lu\u1ef5 \u0111\u00e0nh l\u00e0m ng\u01a1 (b\u00e0i Xung quanh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 gi\u1ea3 ... c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Vi\u1ebft \u0110i\u1ec1n... B\u00e1o B\u00ecnh Tr\u1ecb Thi\u00ean ng\u00e0y 21 th\u00e1ng 5 nam 1988). Trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Thanh Th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ed9i Hu\u1ebf n\u0103m 1974 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi L\u00ea V\u0103n Ho\u00e0ng, cho l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Quang Trung. V\u00ec c\u00e1c l\u00fd do sau: - Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean tin v\u00e0o l\u1eddi khai c\u1ee7a l\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0ng C\u01a1 Ch\u00e1nh. - B\u1ea3n gia ph\u1ea3 do \u0110inh Nh\u01b0 Nghi \u0111\u00ednh k\u00e8m theo c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o. - Theo quan ni\u1ec7m \u00e1 \u0110\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng ai ch\u00f4n tr\u1ed3ng l\u00ean m\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c tr\u1eeb khi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ch\u1ed7 m\u00ecnh ch\u00f4n l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n ch\u00f4n nh\u1edd m\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o c\u00e1i bia l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1eafm. - N\u1ebfu d\u1eddi m\u1ed9 th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e0o l\u00ean h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed1t x\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eb1ng n\u00e0y m\u1ed9 Ba V\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0o \u00bc, c\u00f2n \u00be c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n, n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 suy \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n l\u1ea5y th\u00f4 s\u01a1 x\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 th\u00f4i. - \u1ede t\u1ea5m bia l\u1edbn, nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef b\u1ecb xo\u00e1, thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef m\u1edbi, m\u00e0u s\u01a1n c\u00f2n \u0111\u1eb9p l\u1eafm. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n ph\u00e1 bia \u0111\u1ec3 xo\u00e1 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, kh\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n m\u00e0 l\u00e0m chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3. - \u1ede bia nh\u1ecf, c\u00f3 ghi \u201cS\u01a1n nh\u1ea1c chung linh\u201d ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: Kh\u00ed s\u00f4ng n\u00fai hun \u0111\u00fac th\u00e0nh linh thi\u00eang, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u201c\u00f4ng tr\u1eddi\u201d m\u1edbi d\u00e1m \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. M\u1ed9t \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2u d\u00e1m khi qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf. - C\u1ed5ng l\u0103ng b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 Thanh \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb l\u1ea5y \u0111i (d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m l\u0103ng kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n) t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 to \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng voi \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1edf, th\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ai d\u00e1m ch\u1edf vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 h\u00e0ng t\u1ea5n \u1ea5y. - Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec m\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u00edt h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 B\u1eafc. M\u1ed9 Ba V\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ho\u00e0i b\u00e3o c\u1ee7a vua Quang Trung l\u00e0 gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t L\u01b0\u1ee1ng Qu\u1ea3ng cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam. - Trong bu\u1ed5i t\u1ecda \u0111\u00e0m ng\u00e0y 21 th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 1977 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Phan V\u0103n D\u1eadt cho hay, th\u1eddi c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf, \u00f4ng c\u00f9ng b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 Tr\u1ea7n Thanh M\u1ea1i, Tr\u1ea7n Thanh \u0110\u1ecbch, Tr\u1ea7n Quang Long c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u0103ng, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eef H\u00e1n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u0103ng c\u00f3 ghi \u201cH\u1ea1 m\u00e3\u201d (sau n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eefa) (1). V\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do tr\u00ean n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta th\u00eam tin r\u1eb1ng l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a vua Quang Trung\u201d (2) Sau ng\u00e0y mi\u1ec1n Nam ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng (1975), c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 Quang Trung \u0111\u00e3 l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 quan, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u1edf Hu\u1ebf v\u00e0 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. Trong \u0111\u00f3, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n kh\u01a1i c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm tranh lu\u1eadn s\u00f4i n\u1ed5t. H\u01a1n m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m qua, hai xu h\u01b0\u1edbng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a vua Quang Trung hay c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Quang \u0110\u1ea1i v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong gi\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1edf Hu\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u b\u0103n kho\u0103n, th\u1eafc m\u1eafc cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe. V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m Hu\u1ebf n\u1ed3ng n\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vua Quang Trung v\u00e0 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Hu\u1ebf, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c ki\u00ean tr\u00ec c\u1ea3 ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m, c\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu \u0110\u00ednh, nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch U\u1ef7 ban M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Hu\u1ebf c\u00f3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u \u201cl\u0103ng vua Quang Trung \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u?\u201d. B\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng phu n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh trong d\u1ecbp 200 n\u0103m Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n (1986). B\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eedi cho Vi\u1ec7n S\u1eed h\u1ecdc H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1ec9nh B\u00ecnh Tr\u1ecb Thi\u00ean. C\u1ee5 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t tham lu\u1eadn ng\u1eafn \u201cM\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh \u1edf l\u00e0ng C\u01a1 Ch\u00e1nh, Hu\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ai? C\u1ee7a \u00dd \u0110\u1ee9c h\u1ea7u L\u00ea Quang \u0110\u1ea1i hay c\u1ee7a Quang Trung, Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7\u201d trong h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i Hu\u1ebf v\u1ec1 \u201cNguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 1986. _____________________ (1) Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p c\u1ee5 Phan V\u0103n D\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i \u201cs\u1ef1 nh\u1edb\u201d c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3ng","\u201cH\u1ea1 m\u00e3\u201d \u1edf l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh, c\u1ee5 D\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00f4i \u0111i t\u00ecm \u1edf m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00e1c. (2) B\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng k\u00fd t\u00ean t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd do lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Th\u1ee9 vi\u1ebft, Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Th\u1ee9 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 b\u00fat c\u1ee7a B\u1ea3n tin s\u1ed1 28. Theo c\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu \u0110\u00ednh th\u00ec ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi l\u0103ng c\u1ee7a vua Quang Trung v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do sau \u0111\u00e2y: 1. \u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c l\u0103ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 l\u0103ng ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac Chu m\u00e0 \u00dd \u0110\u1ee9c h\u1ea7u t\u1eebng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, l\u0103ng qu\u1ed1c s\u01b0 Tu\u1ea5n \u0110\u1ee9c h\u1ea7u m\u00e0 \u00dd \u0110\u1ee9c h\u1ea7u g\u1ecdi b\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng n\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 l\u0103ng Gia Long, th\u00ec l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh c\u00f3 quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1i k\u1ef5 trong th\u1eddi phong ki\u1ebfn. 2. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n L\u00ea Xu\u00e2n d\u1eddi m\u1ed9 \u00dd \u0110\u1ee9c h\u1ea7u theo l\u1eddi khai c\u1ee7a \u0110inh Nh\u01b0 Nghi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 con ch\u00e1u d\u1eddi m\u1ed9 m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee5c ph\u00e1 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00f4i x\u00e1c ra, l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee5c xo\u00e1 t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean kh\u1eafc tr\u00ean bia m\u1ed9, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao d\u1eddi m\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 d\u00e2n l\u00e0ng C\u01a1 Ch\u00e1nh, m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng quan h\u1ec7 th\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb \u201cnghi\u00eam tr\u00e1ch d\u1eef d\u1ed9i\u201d \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf l\u00e0ng tr\u1ed1n v\u00e0o \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng r\u1ed3i ch\u1ebft \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. Trong l\u00fac h\u1ecd L\u00ea Quang \u1edf l\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Di l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng g\u00ec? v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 sau 6 n\u0103m \u201cph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u1eef d\u1ed9i\u201d (1895- 1901) m\u00e0 d\u00e2n l\u00e0ng C\u01a1 Ch\u00e1nh l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ai? Th\u00e2n nh\u00e2n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u, l\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0a th\u00e2n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0o ch\u00f4n trong l\u00e0ng l\u00e0 phi l\u00fd. 3. H\u1ecd L\u00ea Quang \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t gia ph\u1ea3 t\u1eeb l\u00e2u, con ch\u00e1u \u00dd \u0110\u1ee9c h\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n gia ph\u1ea3, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n h\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a l\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Di ch\u00e9p v\u1ec1 Tu\u1ea5n \u0110\u1ee9c h\u1ea7u, Hi\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c h\u1ea7u, \u00dd \u0110\u1ee9c h\u1ea7u. D\u00f2ng h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Tu\u1ea5n \u0110\u1ee9c h\u1ea7u \u1edf L\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n, c\u00f2n hai m\u1ed9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5. Trong h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n L\u00ea Xu\u00e2n c\u1ea3i t\u00e1ng m\u1ed9 \u00fd \u0110\u1ee9c h\u1ea7u? 4. C\u00f2n bia m\u1ed9 c\u00f3 ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u \u201cC\u1ea3nh H\u01b0ng th\u1ea5t ni\u00ean t\u1ee9 nguy\u1ec7t. . .\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc t\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb quan \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 ngu\u1ef5 trang ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7. Bia \u201cS\u01a1n Nh\u1ea1c chung linh\u201d g\u1ee3i l\u00ean h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh tri\u1ec1u T\u00e2y S\u01a1n. Quy m\u00f4 l\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1edbn nh\u01b0ng trang tr\u00ed \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi l\u1eddi d\u1eb7n c\u1ee7a vua Quang Trung tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ebft. 5. N\u1ebfu Gia Long \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 s\u1ea1ch l\u0103ng Quang Trung \u1edf n\u01a1i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u1edf v\u00f9ng Nam S\u00f4ng H\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c g\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e1 l\u1edbn, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u t\u00edch m\u00f3ng th\u00e0nh. V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u201cl\u0103ng vua th\u1eeba\u201d l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u phi l\u00fd. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1edd n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, c\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu \u0110\u00ednh c\u00f2n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o quan ni\u1ec7m phong th\u1ee7y v\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m ch\u1ecdn s\u00ednh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a vua ch\u00faa Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u201cL\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 l\u0103ng Quang Trung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec1u T\u00e2y S\u01a1n ngu\u1ef5 trang \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng nguy c\u01a1 Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh chi\u1ebfm Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n, t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7\u201d. C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu \u0110\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i to\u00e0n v\u0103n nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fa \u00fd, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong gi\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u C\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft m\u00e0 c\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00fa v\u1ecb \u1edf l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m l\u00e0m c\u1ee5 th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t, \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1ecb C\u00fac v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Hoa khi vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh trong m\u1ee5c ABZ v\u1ec1 di t\u00edch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 v\u0103n ho\u00e1 Hu\u1ebf \u1edf T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed S\u00f4ng H\u01b0\u01a1ng (s\u1ed1 24, n\u0103m 1987). Tuy th\u1ebf, c\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu \u0110\u00ednh nh\u1eadn ra l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee5 \u0111i t\u1eeb l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9 Quang Trung tuy ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 v\u00e0 l\u1ebb loi. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n cho ph\u00e9p \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5 hi\u1ec7n nay n\u00ean c\u1ee5 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c th\u1eadt x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi? Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 c\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu \u0110\u00ednh, ch\u1ec9 sau m\u1ed9t n\u0103m, t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 1987, \u1edf Hu\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ed9 l\u00ean \u201cS\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 Quang Trung\u201d do Tr\u1ea7n Vi\u1ebft \u0110i\u1ec1n, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y khoa V\u1eadt l\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc S\u01a1 ph\u1ea1m Hu\u1ebf l\u00e0m t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh.","Tr\u1ea7n Vi\u1ebft \u0110i\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd d\u1ecbch h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 phong thu\u1ef7, khai th\u00e1c tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft \u201cc\u00f3 l\u00fd\u201d v\u1ec1 l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 Quang Trung trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4 Th\u00ec Nh\u1eadm v\u00e0 Phan Huy \u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u201cb\u1ea3n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u0103ng Quang Trung qua th\u01a1 t\u1ecbch c\u1ed5\u201d. Theo t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh quan l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n nay \u1edf l\u00e0ng C\u01a1 Ch\u00e1nh. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m bia c\u00f3 kh\u1eafc c\u00e1c ch\u1eef \u201cC\u1ea3nh H\u01b0ng th\u1ea5t ni\u00ean t\u1ee9 nguy\u1ec7t\u201d, theo t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 th\u00ec d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef tr\u00ean bia b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee5c xo\u00e1 v\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa \u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u201cC\u1ea3nh Th\u1ecbnh nguy\u00ean ni\u00ean t\u1ee9 nguy\u1ec7t c\u00e1t nh\u1eadt t\u1ea1o\u201d. (1) K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tri\u1ec3n khai nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh, anh Tr\u1ea7n Vi\u1ebft \u0110i\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi t\u00f4t. T\u00f4i \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 anh v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1edd m\u00e0 anh \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Cadi\u00e8re \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u1eedu K\u1ebf gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u tr\u00ean B\u00e1ch khoa v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1961 l\u00e0: T\u1ea1i sao Cadi\u00e8re kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh, ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng s\u1ef1 im l\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a Cadi\u00e8re l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady kh\u00f4ng cao v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau trong ph\u00fac th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 L\u1ec5? T\u1ea1i sai Cadi\u00e8re kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u00e0 g\u1ee3i \u00fd cho Nguy\u1ec5n Thi\u1ec7u L\u00e2u? T\u1ea1i sao b\u1ed9 L\u1ec5 kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh t\u1ed9c tr\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ecd L\u00ea Quang \u1edf l\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Di tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp khai gia ph\u1ea3 m\u00e0 l\u00e0 theo l\u1eddi khai c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 \u0110inh Nh\u01b0 Nghi? T\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 t\u00ean N\u00f4m \u201cBa V\u00e0nh trong b\u1ea3n gia ph\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c\u2019? T\u00f4i qu\u00fd m\u1ebfn anh Tr\u1ea7n Vi\u1ebft \u0110i\u1ec1n v\u00ec hi\u1ebfm th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m x\u00fac m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t v\u1edbi vua Quang Trung nh\u01b0 anh. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a anh. Anh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c bu\u1ed5i k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 c\u01a1 quan cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ec9nh B\u00ecnh Tr\u1ecb Thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9 thanh ni\u00ean \u1edf trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, anh vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i cho b\u00e1o B\u00ecnh Tr\u1ecb Thi\u00ean, Tin Hu\u1ebf v\u00e0 T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed S\u00f4ng H\u01b0\u01a1ng. M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 r\u00fat lui c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. T\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Quang Trung, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn khi vi\u1ebft th\u00ec cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft \u201cl\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u0103ng Quang Trung, Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7\u201d (2). R\u1ed3i \u201cCh\u01b0a th\u1ec3 x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 v\u1ec1 l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh\u201d (3) g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u201cl\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7: \u201cL\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh\u201d (4) Trong b\u00e0i n\u00e0y t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u: B\u1ea3n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u0103ng \u0110an D\u01b0\u01a1ng trong s\u00e1ch v\u1edf ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba hi\u1ec7n nay. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9 L\u00ea Quang \u0110\u1ea1i \u1edf l\u00e0ng Xu\u00e2n Ho\u00e0, x\u00e3 H\u01b0\u01a1ng Long, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Hu\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi khai canh ra l\u00e0ng Xu\u00e2n Ho\u00e0 t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII c\u00f2n l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh trung, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129 - l\u0103ng L\u00ea Quang \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf l\u00e0ng Xu\u00e2n Ho\u00e0 r\u1ed3i th\u00ec ai l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh? Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea3n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1ec1 l\u0103ng \u0110an D\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 v\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n gi\u1ed1ng l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n nay? Ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i l\u00e0, trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u sau ng\u00e0y mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Phan Huy L\u00ea l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c di t\u00edch th\u1eddi T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u1edf Hu\u1ebf, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 vua Quang Trung. M\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o ng\u1eafn trong h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc n\u0103m 1977 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u0103ng Quang Trung nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cCho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y di t\u00edch quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u00f4ng phu, cho ph\u00e9p kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh \u1edf l\u00e0ng C\u01a1 Ch\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Quang Trung, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean quan ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n, h\u1ecd L\u00ea, t\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7u \u00dd \u0110\u1ee9c h\u1ea7u ch\u00f4n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1746 v\u1edbi t\u1ea5m bia b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee5c nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u \u201cC\u1ea3nh H\u01b0ng th\u1ea5t ni\u00ean t\u1ee9 nguy\u1ec7t\u201d (5). _________________ (1) B\u00e1o B\u00ecnh Tr\u1ecb Thi\u00ean, ng\u00e0y 4 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1987. (2) B\u00e1o B\u00ecnh Tr\u1ecb Thi\u00ean, s\u1ed1 1862, ng\u00e0y 4 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1987. (3) Tin Hu\u1ebf s\u1ed1 48, th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 1988. (4) S\u00f4ng H\u01b0\u01a1ng, s\u1ed1 30 th\u00e1ng 3 v\u00e0 4 n\u0103m 1988 v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u00e0i Xung quanh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh","v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 \\\"H\u1ed3 s\u01a1gi\u1ea3\\\". B\u00e1o B\u00ecnh Tr\u1ecb Thi\u00ean s\u1ed1 1430, ng\u00e0y 21 th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 1988. (5) Phan Huy L\u00ea. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 di t\u00edch T\u00e2y S\u01a1n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh ph\u00eda Nam. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1edbi. Kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc n\u0103m 1977, tr. 226. Nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbp k\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m 190 n\u0103m ng\u00e0y m\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a vua Quang Trung, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 Quang Trung \u1edf Hu\u1ebf. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a s\u1eed qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u00dd \u0110\u1ee9c h\u1ea7u L\u00ea Quang \u0110\u1ea1i, l\u00e0m quan H\u1ed9 b\u1ed9 ki\u00eam Binh b\u1ed9 d\u01b0\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac Kho\u00e1t, ch\u1ebft v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1746 (1). \u0110\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1984, B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng B\u00ecnh Tr\u1ecb Thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 \u201cS\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p vua Quang Trung tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t B\u00ecnh Tr\u1ecb Thi\u00ean\u201d. Trong h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o n\u00e0y, anh Phan Thu\u1eadn An \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tham lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9 Quang Trung \u1edf Hu\u1ebf, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in trong cu\u1ed1n Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 - Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n. Sau khi m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3; anh Phan Thu\u1eadn An \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn \u201ct\u1eadn ph\u00e1p tr\u1eebng tr\u1ecb\u201d m\u00e0 Gia Long cho \u201cqu\u1eadt ph\u00e1\u201d m\u1ed9 Quang Trung th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n nh\u01b0 l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh ng\u00e0y nay v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ee9 tuy \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee5c xo\u00e1 nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c C\u1ea3nh H\u01b0ng th\u1ea5t ni\u00ean t\u1ee9 nguy\u1ec7t ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ebft v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1746. D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c s\u1eed s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt L\u00ea Quang \u0110\u1ea1i gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c b\u1ed9 H\u1ed9 ki\u00eam Binh b\u1ed9 ch\u1ebft v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m \u1ea4t S\u1eedu, t\u1eb7ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng khanh, thu\u1ef5 Trung Th\u00e0nh kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n gia ph\u1ea3 h\u1ecd L\u00ea \u1edf l\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Di do \u0110inh Nh\u01b0 Nghi khai, k\u00e8m trong h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 c\u1ee7a l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh \u1edf tu vi\u1ec7n Thi\u00ean An m\u00e0 B\u1eedu K\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 n\u0103m 1961 \u201cCh\u00e1nh dinh H\u1ed9 b\u1ed9 ki\u00eam Binh b\u1ed9 t\u1eb7ng T\u00e1 l\u00fd c\u00f4ng th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea5n tr\u1ee5 qu\u1ed1c kim t\u1eed V\u0129nh l\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea1i phu ch\u00e1nh tr\u1ecb Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng khanh \u00dd \u0110\u1ee9c h\u1ea7u L\u00ea Qu\u00fd C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 3, m\u1ed9 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ba V\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i l\u00e0ng C\u01a1 Ch\u00e1nh ch\u1eafc h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 \u00f4ng L\u00ea Quang \u0110\u1ea1i\u201d (2). Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1eafc Xu\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng tin l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a vua Quang Trung, h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i t\u00ecm l\u0103ng Quang Trung v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u1edd m\u1ecbt, nh\u01b0ng nay thay t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfc \u201cl\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecf\u201d, l\u0103ng \u0110an D\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 Ng\u00f4 Th\u00ec Nh\u1eadm \u0111\u00e3 ghi ch\u00fa r\u00f5 l\u00e0 \u201cS\u01a1n l\u0103ng ph\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee9a b\u1ea3o y c\u1ee7a Ti\u00ean ho\u00e0ng ta (3) ; d\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed5 gi\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u0110an D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 d\u1eabn th\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1eafc Xu\u00e2n k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u201cB\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u0110i\u1ec7n \u0110an D\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 cung \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Quang Trung, sau \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0110an L\u0103ng l\u00e0 l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a vua Quang Trung c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ecda l\u1ea1c \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111i t\u00ecm\u201d (4). Th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1eafc Xu\u00e2n trong h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n di t\u00edch t\u00edch s\u1eed v\u00e0 v\u0103n ho\u00e1 B\u00ecnh Tr\u1ecb Thi\u00ean th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 1985 v\u1ec1 \u0110an L\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng nhau t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm l\u01b0u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 vua Quang Trung tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Hu\u1ebf\u201d. (5). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, chung quanh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i hai \u00fd ki\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p th\u00ec cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u0103ng c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Quang \u0110\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean quan cao c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u00ec cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a vua Quang Trung. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y; ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh v\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi. ____________ (1) \u0110\u1ed7 Bang: L\u0103ng Quang Trung m\u1ed9t \u1ea9n s\u1ed1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, B\u00e1o D\u00e2n ng\u00e0y 17 1982; N\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 t\u00ecm l\u0103ng Quang Trung. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc n\u0103m 1982, tr. 258, 260; V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u0103ng Quang Trung \u1edf Hu\u1ebf, t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c s\u1ed1 9 n\u0103m 1982. (2) Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 - Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n, Thu\u1eadn Ho\u00e1, 1984, tr. 159 - 163. (3) Th\u01a1 v\u0103n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4 Th\u1eddi Nh\u1eadm, t\u1eadp I, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, tr. 338. (4) Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1eafc Xu\u00e2n: M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i di t\u00edch c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan th\u1eddi Quang Trung \u1edf Hu\u1ebf.","(5) \u0110\u1ed7 Bang: Nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u t\u00edch th\u1eddi T\u00e2y S\u01a1n - m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m kh\u1ea3o t\u00ecm v\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129, t\u1eadp san V\u0103n ho\u00e1 B\u00ecnh Tr\u1ecb Thi\u00ean, s\u1ed1 4, n\u0103m 1986, tr.3. 1. L\u00ea Quang \u0110\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khai canh ra l\u00e0ng Xu\u00e2n Ho\u00e0, x\u00e3 H\u01b0\u01a1ng Long, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Hu\u1ebf v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII. Anh Tr\u1ea7n Vi\u1ebft \u0110i\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh L\u00ea Quang \u0110\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh, m\u00e0 l\u0103ng c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Quang \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf l\u00e0ng Xu\u00e2n Ho\u00e0. L\u00ea Quang \u0110\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khai canh ra l\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3. S\u1edf d\u0129 c\u00f3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u00ec hi\u1ec7n nay \u1edf l\u00e0ng Xu\u00e2n Ho\u00e0 c\u00f3 mi\u1ebfu th\u1edd khai canh, l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 v\u00e0 s\u1eafc phong c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 sau \u201ckhai canh H\u1ed9 b\u1ed9 Binh Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01a1 h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1 Thu\u1eadn Ho\u00e1, Qu\u1ea3ng Nam \u0111\u1eb3ng x\u1ee9 L\u00ea Qu\u00fd C\u00f4ng - th\u1ea7n hi\u1ec7u D\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o trung H\u01b0ng linh ph\u00f2 t\u00f4n th\u1ea7n\u201d. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i b\u00e1o tr\u00ean th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang h\u1ecd L\u00ea c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 \u201cH\u1ed9 b\u1ed9 ki\u00eam Binh b\u1ed9 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0\u201d \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt L\u00ea Quang \u0110\u1ea1i m\u00e0 s\u1eed s\u00e1ch tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e3 ghi v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh \u1edf l\u00e0ng C\u01a1 Ch\u00e1nh. Trong s\u00e1ch \u00d4 ch\u00e2u c\u1eadn l\u1ee5c, D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n An vi\u1ebft n\u0103m 1553 th\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0ng Xu\u00e2n Ho\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 H\u00e0 Kh\u00ea r\u1ed3i, trong s\u00e1ch \u00d4 ch\u00e2u c\u1eadn l\u1ee5c, c\u00f3 ghi v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt L\u00ea V\u0103n nh\u01b0 sau; \u201c\u00d4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e0 Kh\u00ea, huy\u1ec7n Kim Tr\u00e0, khi L\u00ea Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng ch\u01b0a l\u00e0m vua, \u00f4ng l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ecdc. M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng ph\u00ea \u0111\u00f9a v\u00e0o quy\u1ec3n v\u1edf thi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef sau: \u201c\u0110\u1ecbnh h\u00f4m nay c\u1ea5t L\u00ea V\u0103n l\u00e0m th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0\u201d. V\u0103n \u0111em quy\u1ec3n \u1ea5y v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5t \u0111i. Khi Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vua, \u00f4ng \u0111em quy\u1ec3n \u1ea5y d\u00e2ng l\u00ean, li\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9c \u1ea5y . Trong s\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd to\u00e0n th\u01a1 c\u00f3 ghi hai chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 L\u00ea V\u0103n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 sau: - N\u0103m M\u1eadu Th\u00ecn (1448) gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c Tham tri n\u1ed9i m\u1eadt vi\u1ec7n. - N\u0103m \u0110inh H\u1ee3i 1467 gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c \u0110i\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n t\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e2n. V\u1eady L\u00ea V\u0103n trong \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd to\u00e0n th\u01b0 v\u00e0 L\u00ea V\u0103n trong \u00d4 ch\u00e2u c\u1eadn l\u1ee5c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi vua L\u00ea Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng (1460- 1497). Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0i th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a vua L\u00ea Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhan \u0111\u1ec1: \u0110\u0103ng Long \u0110\u1ea1i S\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec1 S\u00f9ng thi\u1ec7n Di\u00ean Linh b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p bi h\u1eadu do L\u00ea V\u0103n ch\u00e9p v\u00e0o n\u0103m Quang Thu\u1eadn th\u1ee9 8 (1467). Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eafc m\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao L\u00ea V\u0103n ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0ng H\u00e0 Kh\u00ea t\u1ee9c l\u00e0ng Xu\u00e2n Ho\u00e0, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Hu\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 con nh\u00e0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc chung v\u1edbi vua L\u00ea Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ea1n th\u00e2n, v\u1ec1 sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0? May m\u1eafn, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1985, trong khi \u0111i kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 \u1edf Qu\u1ea3ng Tr\u1ecb, Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 l\u00e0ng B\u00edch Kh\u00ea, x\u00e3 Tri\u1ec7u Long, huy\u1ec7n Tri\u1ec7u Phong v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft l\u00e0ng B\u00edch Kh\u00ea c\u00f3 chung ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u1edbi l\u00e0ng H\u00e0 Kh\u00ea (Hu\u00ea) v\u00e0 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp gia ph\u1ea3 L\u00ea \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00f4ng t\u1ed9c ph\u1ed5, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o b\u00e0i t\u1ef1a, cho bi\u1ebft - h\u1ecd L\u00ea n\u00e0y g\u1ed1c \u1edf Lam S\u01a1n (Thanh Ho\u00e1) \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1ed9c v\u1edbi L\u00ea L\u1ee3i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u c\u01a1 nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e0 L\u00ea. \u0110\u1eddi th\u1ee9 5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n gia ph\u1ea3 c\u00f3 ghi v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt L\u00ea V\u0103n nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cL\u00ea V\u0103n con th\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Thu\u1eadn Th\u00e0nh h\u1ea7u L\u00ea Th\u1ee9c, sinh v\u00e0o m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n n\u0103m B\u00ednh Ng\u1ecd (1426) t\u1ea1i Thu\u1eadn Th\u00e0nh, b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a vua L\u00ea Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng, ng\u00e0i t\u1ef1 Thanh L\u01b0u, hi\u1ec7u Thu\u1ef5 Khu\u00ea. Vua L\u00ea Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng phong ch\u1ee9c H\u1ed9 b\u1ed9 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0 ki\u00eam Binh b\u1ed9 h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1 Thu\u1eadn Ho\u00e1, Qu\u1ea3ng Nam \u0111\u1eb3ng x\u1ee9 khai canh l\u1eadp l\u00e0ng H\u00e0 Kh\u00ea, c\u00f3 s\u1eafc phong \u201cB\u1ed5n th\u1ed5 khai canh D\u1ee5c b\u1ea3o Trung H\u01b0ng linh ph\u00f2 t\u00f4n th\u1ea7n\u201d. M\u1ea5t ng\u00e0y 26 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m \u1ea4t M\u00f9i (1505), th\u1ecd 79 tu\u1ed5i, c\u00f3 mi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 l\u0103ng \u1edf H\u00e0 Kh\u00ea. C\u1ea9n \u00e1n. Theo L\u00ea Tri\u1ec1u Ng\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5 ng\u00e0i L\u00ea V\u0103n l\u00e0 ch\u00fa \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a vua L\u00ea Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e1c di t\u00edch v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb khai canh l\u00e0ng H\u00e0 Kh\u00ea tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0ng Xu\u00e2n Ho\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 l\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a L\u00ea V\u0103n t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XV ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Quang \u0110\u1ea1i v\u00e0o th\u1ebf. k\u1ef7 XVIII nh\u01b0 Tr\u1ea7n Vi\u1ebft \u0110i\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng. 2. C\u00f3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u00dd \u0110\u1ee9c h\u1ea7u gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c Ch\u00ednh dinh b\u1ed9 H\u1ed9 ki\u00eam Binh b\u1ed9 \u1edf l\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Di, x\u00e3 Ph\u00fa H\u1ed3, huy\u1ec7n Ph\u00fa Vang. Th\u1eadt ra, h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Cadi\u00e8re l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u1edf tu vi\u1ec7n Thi\u00ean An, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee5 B\u1eedu K\u1ebf s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1961 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1edd l\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 ph\u00fac th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 L\u1ec5 v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 l\u1eddi khai c\u1ee7a","\u0110inh Nh\u01b0 Nghi v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n tr\u00edch gia ph\u1ea3 h\u1ecd L\u00ea Quang \u1edf l\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Di \u0111\u00ednh k\u00e8m. S\u1edf d\u0129 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1edd v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c n\u00f3i tr\u00ean l\u00e0 do ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ch\u00e2n l\u00fd ch\u01b0a khoa h\u1ecdc l\u1eafm. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 t\u1eeb l\u00e2u nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u01b0u kh\u1ea3o theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 mai m\u1ed9t m\u00e0 c\u00f2n xen l\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng trong s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu tinh th\u1ea7n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng nghi v\u1ea5n khoa h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, bu\u1ed9c t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u0103m 1977, khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 vua Quang Trung. Trong h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 khoa h\u1ecdc \u201cV\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u0103ng Quang Trung \u1edf Hu\u1ebf\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u khoa l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Khoa h\u1ecdc Hu\u1ebf, c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u00fac tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Phan \u0110\u0103ng v\u00e0 D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00ecnh Kh\u00f4i, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ph\u00fac tr\u00ecnh ng\u00e0y 12 th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 1977 c\u1ee7a Phan \u0110\u0103ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd. Phan \u0110\u0103ng cho bi\u1ebft: Chi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y 10 th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 1977, \u0111o\u00e0n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u1edf l\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Di, g\u1eb7p c\u1ee5 L\u00ea Quang Th\u1ee9c t\u1ed9c tr\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ecd L\u00ea, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem b\u1ea3n \u201cH\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ed5\u201d c\u1ee7a l\u00e0ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1edd \u201cs\u1eafc phong\u201d cho Tu\u1ea5n \u0110\u1ee9c h\u1ea7u. B\u1ea3n H\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ed5 mang t\u00ean \u201c\u0110\u1ed3ng Di x\u00e3 H\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u1ed5\u201d l\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 13 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m K\u1ef7 D\u1eadu, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ghi: \u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t khai canh: h\u1ecd Ph\u1ea1m Quang \u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb khai canh: h\u1ecd L\u00ea Quang \u0110\u1ec7 tam khai canh: h\u1ecd D\u01b0\u01a1ng Quang. . Ri\u00eang ph\u1ea7n h\u1ecd L\u00ea Quang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e9p nh\u01b0 sau: \u0110\u1eddi th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: Ch\u00ednh dinh k\u00fd t\u1ee5c t\u1eb7ng \u0110\u1ea1i l\u00fd t\u1ef1 khanh tham kh\u00e1nh Tu\u1ea5n \u0110\u1ee9c h\u1ea7u gia t\u1eb7ng th\u1ecb gi\u1ea3ng qu\u1ed1c s\u01b0 \u0110oan t\u00fac d\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o trung H\u01b0ng Tu\u1ea5n \u0110\u1ee9c h\u1ea7u L\u00ea Qu\u00fd C\u00f4ng mu\u1ed9i hu\u00fd, m\u1ed9 t\u00e1ng \u1edf D\u01b0\u01a1ng Xu\u00e2n. \u0110\u1eddi th\u1ee9 hai: Ch\u00ednh dinh tham ngh\u1ecb t\u1eb7ng \u0110\u00f4n H\u1eadu c\u00f4ng th\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea5n tr\u1ee5 qu\u1ed1c kim t\u1eed Vinh L\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea1i phu, \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00fd t\u1ef1 khanh Hi\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c h\u1ea7u L\u00ea Qu\u00fd C\u00f4ng, mu\u1ed9i hu\u00fd (con nu\u00f4i c\u1ee7a Tu\u1ea5n \u0110\u1ee9c h\u1ea7u, m\u1ed9 t\u00e1ng \u1edf L\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n) . \u0110\u1eddi th\u1ee9 ba: Ch\u00ednh dinh H\u1ed9 b\u1ed9 ki\u00eam Binh b\u1ed9 t\u1eb7ng t\u00e1 l\u00fd c\u00f4ng th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea5n tr\u1ee5 qu\u1ed1c kim t\u1eed Vinh L\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea1i phu ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1ee3ng khanh, \u00dd \u0110\u1ee9c h\u1ea7u, L\u00ea Qu\u00fd C\u00f4ng, mu\u1ed9i hu\u00fd. \u00dd \u0110\u1ee9c h\u1ea7u c\u00f3 con l\u00e0 B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn dinh cai b\u1ed9 Kh\u00e1nh tuy h\u1ea7u L\u00ea Qu\u00fd C\u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n H\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ed5 n\u00e0y, th\u00ec b\u1ea3n sao gia ph\u1ea3 h\u1ecd L\u00ea do \u0110inh Nh\u01b0 Nghi \u0111\u00ednh k\u00e8m \u1edf h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9 t\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a 3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ean l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n H\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ed5 m\u00e0 l\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Di l\u01b0u gi\u1eef. M\u1ed9 Tu\u1ea5n \u0110\u1ee9c h\u1ea7u ghi t\u00e1ng \u1edf L\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n. M\u1ed9 Hi\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c h\u1ea7u ghi t\u00e1ng \u1edf C\u1ef1 S\u0129 . M\u1ed9 \u00fd \u0110\u1ee9c h\u1ea7u th\u00ec ghi th\u00eam \u201cm\u1ed9 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ba V\u00e0nh \u1edf t\u1ea1i l\u00e0ng C\u01a1 Ch\u00e1nh\u201d. Th\u00eam chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 \u0110inh Nh\u01b0 Nghi c\u00f3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia ph\u1ea3 n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd L\u00ea m\u1edbi tu so\u1ea1n l\u1ea1i sau n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng? Theo c\u00e1c c\u1ee5 L\u00ea Quang \u0110\u1ea9u, L\u00ea Quang Kham th\u00ec c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y tr\u00ean 80 n\u0103m, gia ph\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd L\u00ea b\u1ecb ch\u00e1y trong m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 ho\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1n. Hi\u1ec7n c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 ng\u1ee5 \u1edf l\u00e0ng B\u00e0ng M\u00f4n x\u00e3 L\u1ed9c An huy\u1ec7n Ph\u00fa L\u1ed9c. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p Hu\u1ebf l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 B\u00e0ng M\u00f4n sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3 quan, ngo\u00e0i m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n gia ph\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng g\u1eb7p \u1edf \u0110\u1ed3ng Di. . . D\u00f9 c\u00e1c g\u1ea1ch n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt h\u1ecd L\u00ea c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbc \u00fd \u0110\u1ee9c h\u1ea7u \u1edf l\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Di v\u1edbi l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 trong b\u1ea3n sao c\u1ee7a. \u0110inh Nh\u01b0 Nghi \u201cm\u1ed9 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ba V\u00e0nh\u201d \u1edf l\u00e0ng C\u01a1 Ch\u00e1nh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n Ng\u1ea1n, nguy\u00ean l\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a l\u00e0ng C\u01a1 Ch\u00e1nh cho bi\u1ebft th\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c, h\u00e0ng n\u0103m th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft c\u1ee5 l\u00ean khai ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Phan B\u00e1 V\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng? C\u1ee5 Ng\u1ea1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Ba Thi\u1ec1ng (Th\u00e0nh) ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a Phan B\u00e1 V\u00e0nh. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh v\u00ec s\u1ef1 th\u00fac b\u00e1ch, \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi quan tr\u00ean h\u00e0ng n\u0103m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u00ean c\u1ee5 Ng\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111i t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh.","Theo c\u1ee5, l\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf l\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Di kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 h\u1ecd t\u00ean, \u00f4ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con, v\u1ec1 sau c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi con nu\u00f4i nghi d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9 c\u00f3 v\u00e0ng b\u1ea1c, b\u00e8n qu\u1eadt l\u00ean t\u00ecm, r\u1ed3i d\u1eddi \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 Chi\u1ebfn (l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 \u1edf trong n\u1ed9i) ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0ng Ngh\u0129a L\u1ed9, huy\u1ec7n H\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u00e0 ch\u1ebft, con ch\u00e1u \u0111\u1ebfn xin \u00f4ng l\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edfng Tr\u1ea7n Ho\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng r\u1eddi \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5? Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n Ng\u1ea1n, l\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a l\u00e0ng C\u01a1 Ch\u00e1nh c\u0169 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra \u1edf l\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Di v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u00dd \u0110\u1ee9c h\u1ea7u. C\u00e1c b\u00f4 l\u00e3o \u1edf l\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Di cho bi\u1ebft, hai v\u1ecb Tu\u1ea5n \u0110\u1ee9c h\u1ea7u v\u00e0 Hi\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ee9c h\u1ea7u thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 hai th\u00ec h\u00e0ng n\u0103m l\u00e0ng lo t\u1ebf l\u1ec5, c\u00f2n ri\u00eang \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 ba - \u00dd \u0110\u1ee9c h\u1ea7u th\u00ec l\u00e0ng ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i danh hi\u1ec7u trong b\u1ea3n H\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a l\u00e0ng m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, cho n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 l\u00fd do \u0111\u00e0o m\u1ed9 t\u00ecm v\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e2n danh l\u00e0 con ch\u00e1u \u00dd \u0110\u1ee9c h\u1ea7u. Sau \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1ed1n \u0111i m\u1ea5t n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ai hay bi\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh b\u1ecb th\u00e2n nh\u00e2n \u201cc\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh\u201d b\u1ecf qu\u00ean xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed3 v\u00f4 ch\u1ee7? 3. Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u00dd \u0110\u1ee9c h\u1ea7u gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c Ch\u00ednh dinh b\u1ed9 H\u1ed9 ki\u00eam Binh b\u1ed9 \u1edf l\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Di c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 L\u00ea Quang \u0110\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 trong s\u1eed s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e3 ghi S\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ea1i Nam th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c ti\u1ec1n bi\u00ean c\u00f3 ghi ch\u00e9p v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt L\u00ea Quang Hi\u1ebfn l\u00e0m K\u00fd l\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh dinh (1). M\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng n\u0103m K\u1ef7 D\u1eadu ( 1719), l\u1ea5y v\u0103n ch\u1ee9c L\u00ea Quang \u0110\u1ea1i (con tham ngh\u1ecb L\u00ea Quang Hi\u1ebfn) l\u00e0m tham m\u01b0u ch\u00ednh dinh B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn (2). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7u \u201cch\u00ednh dinh tham ngh\u1ecb Hi\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c h\u1ea7u\\\" trong h\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ed5 l\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Di ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt L\u00ea Quang Hi\u1ebfn ghi trong \u0110\u1ea1i Nam th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c ti\u1ec1n bi\u00ean. S\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ea1i Nam th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c ti\u1ec1n bi\u00ean ghi nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt L\u00ea Quang \u0110\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 sau: N\u0103m \u1ea4t M\u00e3o (1735) l\u00e0m Cai b\u1ea1 dinh Qu\u1ea3ng Nam. N\u0103m M\u1eadu Ng\u1ecd (1738) l\u00e0m Cai b\u1ea1 ph\u00f3 \u0110o\u00e1n s\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh dinh . Th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m Gi\u00e1p T\u00fd (1744) ch\u00faa Ph\u00fac Kho\u00e1t x\u01b0ng v\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1eadp ra 6 b\u1ed9, l\u1ea5y L\u00ea Quang \u0110\u1ea1i l\u00e0m H\u1ed9 b\u1ed9 ki\u00eam Binh b\u1ed9. Th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m \u1ea4t S\u1eedu (t\u1ee9c th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 1746) H\u1ed9 b\u1ed9 ki\u00eam Binh b\u1ed9 L\u00ea Quang \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u1ebft, t\u1eb7ng Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1ee3ng khanh thu\u1ef5 Trung Th\u00e0nh (3). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u00dd \u0110\u1ee9c h\u1ea7u (t\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecb) con c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7u Hi\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 trong b\u1ea3n H\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a l\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Di mang t\u00ean l\u00e0 L\u00ea Quang \u0110\u1ea1i, con c\u1ee7a Tham ngh\u1ecb L\u00ea Quang Hi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 trong \u0110\u1ea1i Nam th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c ti\u1ec1n bi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e9p. S\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ea1i Nam nh\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng ch\u00ed c\u00f2n cho bi\u1ebft nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt L\u00ea Quang \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103ng l\u00e0m H\u1ed9 b\u1ed9 ki\u00eam Binh b\u1ed9 n\u0103m 1744, sau ch\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eb7ng Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1ee3ng khanh, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi huy\u1ec7n Ph\u00fa Vang (4). _______________________ (1) (2) T\u1eadp 1, Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n S\u1eed h\u1ecdc, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1962, tr. 180 v\u00e0 192. (3) s\u0111d, tr. 209. (4) Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean ph\u1ee7, t\u1eadp trung, Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea1o d\u1ecbch, S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, 1961, tr. 50. Huy\u1ec7n Ph\u00fa Vang t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 l\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ed3ng D\u1ecb, x\u00e3 Ph\u00fa H\u1ed3 hi\u1ec7n nay. 4. V\u1ec1 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ea5m bia \u1edf l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee5c xo\u00e1. T\u1ea5m bia ch\u00ednh, \u0111\u1eb7t ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea7u bia h\u01a1i nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc 15o . V\u1ecb th\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 h\u01a1n 10 n\u0103m nay v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5t. Bia c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i ch\u1eef thu\u1ed9c hai th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 kh\u1eafc tr\u00ean bia kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c ch\u1eef kh\u1eafc nguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7 thu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 kh\u1eafc th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t . Cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 29 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 1988, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t, th\u00ec 6 ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f9 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee5c xo\u00e1 nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn l\u00e0 C\u1ea3nh H\u01b0ng th\u1ea5t ni\u00ean t\u1ee9 nguy\u1ec7t. C\u00f2n ba ch\u1eef sau kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00e1t k\u00edn xi m\u0103ng v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc ch\u1eef m\u1edbi l\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 B\u00e1? T\u1ef1 Nh\u01b0 h\u00e0nh ph\u1ee7 qu\u00e2n chi m\u1ed9 (?) Th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 vi\u1ebft th\u1ee9 hai, ngo\u00e0i d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 8 ch\u1eef nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, hai b\u00ean c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ch\u1eef La Ph\u00fa, \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n hai","g\u00f3c tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a bia qua d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef ch\u00ednh di\u1ec7n, d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ee9 Ph\u00fa l\u00e0 Nh\u00e2m Tu\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f4ng, d\u00f2ng 3 g\u00f3c tr\u00e1i d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1eef T\u1ef1 t\u00f4n V\u00f5 B\u00e1 \u0110\u1ea1m ph\u1ee5ng l\u1eadp. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u00f4n \u1edf l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m C\u1ea3nh H\u01b0ng th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1746. V\u1eady n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3 qu\u00e1 xa so v\u1edbi n\u0103m Quang Trung m\u1ea5t - 1792. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f3 tin r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m bia gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 Quang Trung th\u1eadt. V\u00ec th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1eadp bia v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft xung quanh ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 Ba V\u00e0nh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt L\u00ea Quang \u0110\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Di m\u00e0 s\u1eed s\u00e1ch tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e3 ghi ch\u00e9p. Nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee5c xo\u00e1 c\u00e1c ch\u1eef nguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7 tr\u00ean l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 V\u00f5 B\u00e1 Th\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c th\u00e2n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng n\u00e0y, khi \u0111\u01b0a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o t\u00e1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ed3i t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea5m \u0111\u00e1 c\u0169 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc t\u00ean, v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch mu\u1ed9n m\u00e0ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m Nh\u00e2m Tu\u1ea5t - 1922 ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 V\u00f5 B\u00e1 Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1edb r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 t\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean bia \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00f4n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 khai v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 L\u1ec5 r\u1eb1ng \u201cng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh dinh b\u1ed9 H\u1ed9 ki\u00eam binh b\u1ed9 t\u1eb7ng T\u00e1 l\u00fd c\u00f4ng th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea5n tr\u1ee5 qu\u1ed1c kim t\u1eed Vinh l\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea1i phu Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1ee3ng khanh \u00dd \u0110\u1ee9c h\u1ea7u L\u00ea Qu\u00fd C\u00f4ng chi m\u1ed9\u201d . C\u00f2n hai ch\u1eef La - Ph\u00fa \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef \u1edf gi\u1eefa n\u1eb1m \u1edf g\u00f3c tr\u00ean, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a l\u00e0ng mang ch\u1eef La . . . v\u00e0 huy\u1ec7n Ph\u00fa . . . (t\u1ee9c Ph\u00fa Vang) qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd V\u00f5, m\u00e0 con ch\u00e1u \u0111em ch\u00f4n, r\u1ed3i kh\u1eafc v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 sau kh\u1ecfi nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn qu\u00ea qu\u00e1n? * T\u1ea0M K\u1ebeT LU\u1eacN Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, l\u00fd l\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a l\u00e1ng Ba V\u00e0nh th\u1eadt \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi sau c\u1ee9 nghi ng\u1edd, quan tr\u1ecdng ho\u00e1 n\u00ean l\u00e0m cho to chuy\u1ec7n m\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 t\u00f2 m\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Cadir\u00e8re (1928) \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 n\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Thi\u1ec7u L\u00e2u (1941 - 1961) v\u00e0 s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y. Tuy c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c x\u00e1c minh r\u00f5 h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1m k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Quang \u0110\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t quan ch\u1ee9c cao c\u1ea5p th\u1eddi ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac Kho\u00e1t, ch\u1ebft v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1746, b\u1ed1n th\u00e1ng sau ch\u00f4n v\u00e0 l\u1eadp bia m\u1ed9 \u1edf l\u00e0ng C\u01a1 Ch\u00e1nh (l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh). M\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Quang \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb k\u1ebb gian \u0111\u00e0o tr\u1ed9m \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a qu\u00fd, l\u1ea5y c\u1edb l\u00e0 di chuy\u1ec3n thi h\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c. Hi\u1ec7n nay con ch\u00e1u d\u00f2ng \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Quang \u0110\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ai \u1edf l\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Di n\u1eefa n\u00ean m\u1ed9 Ba V\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 hoang ph\u1ebf t\u1eeb l\u00e2u. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, L\u00ea Quang \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee9c quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn cho m\u00ecnh huy\u1ec7t m\u1ed9 \u201c\u0111\u1ebf v\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d k\u00e8m theo t\u1ea5m bia v\u1edbi b\u1ed1n ch\u1eef \u201cS\u01a1n nh\u1ea1c chung linh\u201d, m\u00e0 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u201c\u00f4ng tr\u1eddi\u201d m\u1edbi d\u00e1m l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m khi qu\u00e2n n\u00e0y n\u00ean l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh b\u1ecb c\u00e1c vua ch\u00faa \u201cth\u1ea5y\u201d cay m\u1eaft n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ra l\u1ec7nh ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3i t\u00e1ng \u0111i m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c? Nh\u01b0 Gia Long \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Th\u00e0nh v\u00ec vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn huy\u1ec7t t\u00e1ng \u201c\u0111\u1ebf v\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d cho th\u00e2n m\u1eabu c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, con ch\u00e1u h\u1ecd V\u00f5 \u0111em th\u00e2n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0o ch\u00f4n \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. Mu\u1ed1n t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea5m bia s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee5c xo\u00e1 nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef tr\u00ean bia nh\u1eb1m x\u00e1c l\u1eadp quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m bia c\u0169. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh khai qu\u1eadt \u1edf \u0111\u00e1y n\u1ea5m m\u1ed9, bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u s\u1ebd t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng c\u1ee9 li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1ng tin h\u01a1n. D\u00f9 sao l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u quan tr\u1ecdng g\u1ea7n n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 qua. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 di t\u00edch m\u1ed9 t\u00e1ng l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi, \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi phong ki\u1ebfn, g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f4 th\u00e0nh Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n trong bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o th\u1eddi ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac Kho\u00e1t, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 chu \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh h\u01a1n. 5. H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i t\u00ecm. - V\u1ec1 l\u0103ng \u0110an D\u01b0\u01a1ng: Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua cung \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0110an D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 sau tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u0103ng \u0110an D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1edd vua Quang Trung, nh\u01b0 ghi ch\u00fa c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4 Th\u00ec Nh\u1eadm \u201cs\u01a1n l\u0103ng ph\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee9a b\u1ea3o y ti\u00ean ho\u00e0ng ta\u201d (1). Nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4 Th\u00ec Nh\u1eadm v\u00e0 Phan Huy \u00cdch \u0111\u1ec1u x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u0103ng \u0110an D\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a vua Quang Trung trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 b\u00e0i \u201cKh\u00e2m v\u00e3n \u0110an D\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0103ng\u201d . Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u0103ng \u0110an D\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a vua Quang Trung nh\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1eafc Xu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra t\u1eeb trong th\u01b0 t\u1ecbch c\u1ed5 (1984), l\u0103ng \u0110an D\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1edd c\u1ee7a Quang Trung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eeb l\u00fac vua Quang Trung c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng - \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0110an D\u01b0\u01a1ng.","Cho n\u00ean l\u0103ng \u0110an D\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf g\u1ea7n trung t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Hu\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n nay, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed qu\u00e1 xa nh\u01b0 \u1edf l\u00e0ng C\u01a1 Ch\u00e1nh. V\u00ec tu\u1ea7n th\u1eddi quan l\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m vi\u1ebfng, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00fa c\u1ee7a Ng\u1ecdc H\u00e2n. V\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u \u1edf l\u0103ng \u0110an D\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a vua Quang Trung, Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0110an D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m l\u0103ng c\u1ee7a vua Quang Trung l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t to\u00e0 l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh cho san th\u00e0nh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecba n\u00ean kh\u00f3 hy v\u1ecdng t\u00ecm ra d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba. Trong t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh b\u1ebf t\u1eafc nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u00e0 c\u00f3 ai t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3 \u00e1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1ec1 l\u0103ng \u0110an D\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi nay. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ph\u00e2n t\u00edch b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u201cKh\u00e2m v\u00e3n \u0110an D\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0103ng\u201d, coi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u201cm\u00e3 s\u1ed1\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ed3 \u00e1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u0103ng \u0110an D\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111i t\u00ecm l\u0103ng Quang Trung th\u00ec th\u1eadt l\u00e0 h\u01b0 huy\u1ec5n, s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c phi\u00eau l\u01b0u nguy hi\u1ec3m. C\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa? Ch\u00fang ta lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9 Quang Trung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00f4n \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, Ngh\u1ec7 An ho\u1eb7c B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh, m\u00e0 n\u00ean t\u1eadp trung \u0111i t\u00ecm \u1edf Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean Hu\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tin v\u00e0o s\u1eed s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n cho l\u00e0 \u201ct\u00e1ng vu H\u01b0\u01a1ng Giang chi Nam\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m kim ch\u1ec9 nam cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111i t\u00ecm. B\u00e0 ch\u00ednh cung Ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu h\u1ecd Ph\u1ea1m r\u1ea5t m\u1ef1c y\u00eau qu\u00fd c\u1ee7a vua Quang Trung, ch\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u00f4ng h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u0103m, m\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00f4n \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n n\u00fai Kim Ph\u1ee5ng, c\u00e1ch trung t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Hu\u1ebf 10 km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda T\u00e2y Nam v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Quang Trung? V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u00f9ng song t\u00e1ng th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh cho qu\u1eadt t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1801. V\u00ec ch\u00ednh m\u1ed9 Ph\u1ea1m Ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu, m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a C\u1ea3nh Th\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb khai qu\u1eadt v\u00e0 l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 hi\u1ebfn ph\u00f9 \u1edf t\u00f4n mi\u1ebfu. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea5u t\u00edch c\u1ee7a khu l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 \u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n n\u00fai Kim Ph\u1ee5ng, H\u1ea3i C\u00e1t. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch v\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m sau ng\u00e0y vua Quang Trung m\u1ea5t, ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 Quang Trung \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ed m\u1eadt m\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra. Trong c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 m\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh cho khai qu\u1eadt v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1801, b\u00ean trong ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi h\u00e0i gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Quang Trung m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Vua Quang Trung v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c cao, xung quanh c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 l\u1ec5 an t\u00e1ng, x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eafp l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 trong v\u00f2ng hai th\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef b\u00ed m\u1eadt tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0i nghi, d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 hi v\u1ecdng l\u1ebb loi v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a vua Quang Trung c\u00f2n \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 trong l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 Hu\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta h\u00f4m nay (1). 6. Chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 \u201cBa \u00f4ng V\u00f2\u201d. c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX, \u1edf Hu\u1ebf c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 b\u00ed m\u1eadt k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 \u201c C\u00e1c \u00f4ng V\u00f2\u201d cho nhau nghe, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c, l\u00ednh tr\u00e1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng phi t\u1ea7n trong n\u1ed9i cung. Chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u201cl\u00f5i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u201d \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed s\u00e1ch tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n ghi l\u1ea1i: M\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng n\u0103m 1802, xa gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a vua tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i kinh \u0111\u00f4, c\u00e1o \u1edf t\u00f4n mi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 d\u00e2ng hi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u00f9 binh T\u00e2y S\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft v\u00e0 tr\u1eebng tr\u1ecb. M\u1ed9 Nh\u1ea1c, Hu\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e0o ph\u00e1 thi th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t r\u1ed3i b\u1ecf, nh\u1ed1t s\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ng\u1ee5c th\u1ea5t\u201d (2). Ho\u1eb7c \u0111em h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Nh\u1ea1c, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Hu\u1ec7 gi\u00e3 n\u00e1t r\u1ed3i v\u1ee9t \u0111i, x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e2u c\u1ee7a Nh\u1ea1c, Hu\u1ec7, To\u1ea3n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng Hu\u1ec7 th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u giam \u1edf nh\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed3 Ngo\u1ea1i, Minh M\u1ec7nh th\u1ee9 2 \u0111\u1ed5i giam v\u00e0o ng\u1ee5c th\u1ea5t, c\u1ea5m c\u1ed1 m\u00e3i m\u00e3i\u201d (3). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady trong su\u1ed1t 20 n\u0103m, t\u1eeb 1802-1821, \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e2u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 T\u00e2y S\u01a1n b\u1ecb giam \u1edf nh\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed3 Ngo\u1ea1t. Nh\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed3 Ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 V\u00f5 Kh\u1ed1 sau n\u00e0y, n\u1eb1m trong kinh th\u00e0nh thu\u1ed9c khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n nay. C\u00f2n t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1822 \u0111\u1ebfn 1885 th\u00ec \u0111em giam \u1edf Kh\u00e1m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, giam chung v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc t\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb t\u1eed t\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0a ra h\u00e0nh quy\u1ebft. Kh\u00e1m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda T\u00e2y B\u1eafc trong kinh th\u00e0nh \u1edf kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa An Ho\u00e0 v\u00e0 c\u1eeda Ch\u00e1nh T\u00e2y, chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ch\u1eebng 100 x60m. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh canh ng\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng: \u201cTrong Kh\u00e1m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 ba c\u00e1i v\u00f2 \u0111\u1eady k\u00edn, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u1ed1t s\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ea7u Quang Trung v\u00e0 c\u00e1i th\u1ee9 ba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Quang To\u1ea3n\u201d . C\u1ea3 ba chi\u1ebfc v\u00f2 \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb xi\u1ec1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a giam ri\u00eang trong nh\u1eefng ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t nhau \u1edf nh\u00e0 ng\u1ee5c, ngo\u00e0i","c\u1eeda ni\u00eam phong r\u1ed3i b\u1eaft l\u00ednh canh ph\u00f2ng c\u1ea9n m\u1eadt, h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra. Ba chi\u1ebfc v\u00f2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n t\u00f4n x\u01b0ng l\u00e0m \u201c\u00f4ng v\u00f2\u201d, c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh canh ng\u1ee5c th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cch\u00faa Ngu\u1ef5\u201d . Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf Kh\u00e1m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ecf ra k\u00ednh c\u1ea9n \u201cBa \u00f4ng V\u00f2\u201d. H\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u00fang b\u00e1i, xem \u201cBa \u00f4ng V\u00f2\u201d nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n h\u1ed9 m\u1ec7nh cho h\u1ecd. T\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea9n \u201c\u00f4ng V\u00f2\u201d ph\u00f9 h\u1ed9 cho h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ecnh an n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n lao t\u00f9, v\u00e0 mong s\u1edbm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xo\u00e1 \u00e1n, l\u00ednh g\u00e1c xin c\u00e1c \u201cch\u00faa Ngu\u1ef5\u201d gi\u00fap cho h\u1ecd \u201ccanh gi\u1eef an to\u00e0n\u201d . Trong su\u1ed1t 63 n\u0103m, nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 l\u00ednh canh ng\u1ee5c v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 chung s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi \u201cBa \u00f4ng V\u00f2\u201d, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1885, sau v\u1ee5 binh bi\u1ebfn \u1edf kinh th\u00e0nh Hu\u1ebf th\u00ec \u201cBa \u00f4ng V\u00f2\u201d bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t. C\u00f2n Kh\u00e1m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 n\u1eefa. S\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t t\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u201cBa \u00f4ng V\u00f2\u201d trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a kinh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m h\u1eabng \u0111i m\u1ed9t sinh ho\u1ea1t tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 t\u1eeb l\u00e2u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n x\u1ee9 Hu\u1ebf, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u00e0 trong N\u1ed9i cung r\u1ec9 tai nhau l\u00e0: \u201cM\u1ed9t trong ba c\u00e1i s\u1ecd \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n ra trong cung \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u01a1i vua \u1edf, khi \u0110\u1ed3ng Kh\u00e1nh v\u1eeba nh\u1eadn ra, chi\u1ebfc s\u1ecd bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh con m\u00e8o r\u1eebng. \u0110\u1ed3ng Kh\u00e1nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tay ch\u01a1i s\u00fang c\u1ef1 ph\u00e1ch, \u00f4ng v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0a s\u00fang l\u00ean nh\u1eafm b\u1eafn, l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c con m\u00e8o ho\u00e1 th\u00e0nh con g\u00e0 v\u00e0ng, nh\u1ea3y l\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfc t\u1ee7, r\u1ed3i bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t\u201d. Li\u1ec1n sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0110\u1ed3ng Kh\u00e1nh ng\u1ea3 b\u1ec7nh, r\u1ed3i ch\u1ebft b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc k\u1ef3 t\u1eed gi\u1eefa l\u00fac tu\u1ed5i m\u1edbi 25 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vua c\u00f3 3 n\u0103m (1886-1888) (4). ______________________ (1) Nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1edf Hu\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh: B\u00ecnh An l\u00e0 khu m\u1ed9 t\u00e1ng v\u00e0 l\u0103ng t\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a vua Quang Trung, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c. V\u00ec ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp khai qu\u1eadt t\u1eeb l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t (1992). (2)\u0110\u1ea1i Nam ch\u00ednh bi\u00ean li\u1ec7t truy\u1ec7n, Q.30, t.55b (3) \u0110\u1ea1i Nam th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh bi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t k\u1ef7, t\u1eadp II, S\u1eed h\u1ecdc H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, tr.63 (4) Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh Ho\u00e8, Notes sur les cendes T\u00e2y S\u01a1n danh la prison du Kh\u00e1m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng , B. A. H. ,1914, tr. 145-146. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 qu\u00ea \u1edf l\u00e0ng Thanh Thu\u1ef7 Ch\u00e1nh, gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng trong tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Hu\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u1eebng coi s\u00f3c Kh\u00e1m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1997, \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n t\u00f4i \u0111i kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u1edf l\u00e0ng Thanh Thu\u1ef7 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00e0ng ph\u1ee5 c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Hu\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0ng chuy\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 1988, cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang t\u1edbi th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o m\u1ed9t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1ng l\u01b0u \u00fd nh\u01b0 sau: L\u00fac c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng, \u00f4ng Tr\u1ea7n C\u00f4ng To\u00e0n (1880-1950) c\u00f3 th\u1eddi l\u00e0m l\u00e3nh binh v\u00e0 gi\u1eef v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1ee9 ch\u1ec9 trong l\u00e0ng Thanh Thu\u1ef7 Ch\u00e1nh, t\u1eebng k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng : \u201cSau v\u1ee5 binh bi\u1ebfn \u1edf kinh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1885, hai \u00f4ng Phan C\u00f4ng H\u1eafc v\u00e0 Phan C\u00f4ng V\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng\u201d c\u00e1i \u201cs\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea7u\u2019 trong chi\u1ebfc v\u00f2, \u0111em \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i th\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ed3ng mang v\u1ec1 ch\u00f4n \u1edf l\u00e0ng Thanh Thu\u1ef7, n\u01a1i ch\u00f4n \u1edf g\u1ea7n Mi\u1ebfu \u0110\u00f4i\u201d. Hai \u00f4ng Phan C\u00f4ng H\u1eafc v\u00e0 Phan C\u00f4ng V\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a s\u1ecd \u201c\u0111\u1ea7u vua\u201d Quang Trung v\u1ec1 ch\u00f4n, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t gi\u00e1c, vua: \u0110\u1ed3ng Kh\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 ra l\u1ec7nh x\u1eed t\u1eed h\u00ecnh. Con ch\u00e1u ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ecd t\u00ean th\u00e0nh Phan V\u0103n . . . v\u00ec s\u1ee3 tru di gia t\u1ed9c. . Trong bu\u1ed5i to\u1ea1 \u0111\u00e0m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00f4 l\u00e3o trong l\u00e0ng \u1edf nh\u00e0 th\u1edd t\u1ed9c Phan v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 25 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 1988, ch\u1ee9ng t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c minh l\u1ea1i truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n t\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3, gia ph\u1ea3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong nh\u00e0 th\u1edd h\u1ecd Phan. Trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ch\u00e9p n\u0103m Th\u00e0nh Th\u00e1i th\u1ee9 7 (1900), b\u1ea3n Duy T\u00e2n th\u1ee9 3 (1909) v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 phi\u00ean \u00e2m ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef, sao ch\u00e9p sau n\u00e0y (1952). \u1edf chi II, ph\u00e1i 2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n gia ph\u1ea3 l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c chi ph\u00e1i c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5 Phan V\u0103n T\u1ebf (70 tu\u1ed5i), hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 13. B\u1ea3n gia ph\u1ea3 ghi ch\u00e9p nh\u01b0 sau: \u0110\u1eddi th\u1ee9 8 : Phan T\u1ea5t M\u00e2ng c\u00f3 v\u1ee3 l\u00e0 L\u00ea Th\u1ecb L\u00e2u. Sinh h\u1ea1: Phan C\u00f4ng Ho\u00e0, Phan C\u00f4ng Hi\u00ean, Phan C\u00f4ng H\u1eafc, Phan C\u00f4ng Hi\u1ec1n, Phan C\u00f4ng H\u1ea3o, Phan Th\u1ecb D\u01b0, Phan Th\u1ecb M\u00f4n. . . \u0110\u1eddi th\u1ee9 9: Phan C\u00f4ng H\u1eafc c\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Qu\u00fd - kinh k\u1ef3 Thu\u1ef7 s\u01a1 v\u1ec7 u\u00fd c\u00e1o th\u1ecd Ph\u1ea5n d\u0169ng t\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e2n. K\u1ef5 ng\u00e0y 9 th\u00e1ng 6- Tam ph\u1ea9m th\u1ee5c nh\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady Phan C\u00f4ng H\u1eafc \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng tam ph\u1ea9m \u1edf tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh, l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ec9 huy \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n Ph\u1ea5n","d\u0169ng \u1edf kinh \u0111\u00f4. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u00f4ng Phan C\u00f4ng V\u00e1 trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n gia ph\u1ea3, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c c\u1ee5 cho bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ean t\u1ee5c danh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Phan C\u00f4ng Hi\u1ec1n. Trong gia ph\u1ea3 ghi l\u00e0 \u00f4ng Hi\u1ec1n l\u00e0m Th\u1ea5t ph\u1ea9m, k\u1ef5 ng\u00e0y 19 th\u00e1ng 3. Xem to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n gia ph\u1ea3 h\u1ecd Phan c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong l\u00e0ng Thanh Thu\u1ef7, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 9 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 Phan C\u00f4ng H\u1eafc l\u00e0 l\u00f3t ch\u1eef C\u00f4ng, c\u00f2n 8 \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 l\u00f3t ch\u1eef T\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 10 v\u1ec1 sau l\u00f3t ch\u1eef V\u0103n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 \u00f4ng Phan C\u00f4ng H\u1eafc mang s\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea7u vua. Quang Trung v\u1ec1 ch\u00f4n \u1edf l\u00e0ng Thanh Th\u1ee7y do m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quan ch\u1ee9c trong l\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ghi ch\u00e9p trong gia ph\u1ea3 h\u1ecd Phan kho\u1ea3ng 20 n\u0103m sau v\u1ee5 binh bi\u1ebfn \u1edf kinh th\u00e0nh Hu\u1ebf c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edbp nhau. Chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 \u00f4ng Phan C\u00f4ng H\u1eafc \u1edf l\u00e0ng Thanh Thu\u1ef7 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 \u1edf trong n\u1ed9i cung v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a vua \u0110\u1ed3ng Kh\u00e1nh sau khi b\u1eafn \u201ccon m\u00e8o r\u1eebng\u201d trong cung \u0111i\u1ec7n, m\u00e0 con m\u00e8o r\u1eebng l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n t\u1eeb chi\u1ebfc \u201cs\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea7u\u2019 c\u1ee7a vua Quang Trung? Sau khi b\u1ecb b\u1eaft, \u00f4ng Phan C\u00f4ng H\u1eafc c\u00f3 khai ch\u1ed7 ch\u00f4n \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e2u c\u1ee7a vua Quang Trung? N\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 khai b\u00e1o th\u00ec tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ed3ng Kh\u00e1nh c\u00f3 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u1edf Thanh Thu\u1ef7 kh\u00f4ng hay \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch \u201cx\u1eed l\u00fd\u201d kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 s\u1eed s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 l\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho ch\u00fang ta? Ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 c\u00f2n v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1eafp n\u00e0o x\u1ea3y ra sau \u0111\u00f3 n\u1eefa kh\u00f4ng? C\u00e1c b\u00f4 l\u00e3o \u1edf Thanh Thu\u1ef7 k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng: Mi\u1ebfu \u0110\u00f4i n\u1eb1m \u1edf b\u00ean kia c\u1ea7u ng\u00f3i Thanh To\u00e0n, ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 hai c\u00e1i mi\u1ebfu, n\u1eb1m song song c\u00e1ch nhau ch\u1eebng 1,50m. Mi\u1ebfu \u0110\u00f4i th\u1edd hai v\u1ecb \u201clang l\u1ea1i nh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e2n\u201d n\u1eb1m kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa hai ng\u00f4i mi\u1ebfu, d\u1ecbch v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda sau, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u201c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea5t\u201d tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ea5m m\u1ed9 nh\u1ecf. Ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 linh thi\u00eang, ng\u00e0y r\u1eb1m, m\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng d\u00e2n l\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eafp h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf \u201c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea5t\u201d \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ai? .\u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, v\u00ec m\u1ed9 d\u00e2n trong l\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ecba d\u00e0nh s\u1eb5n, kh\u00f4ng ai ch\u00f4n \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p (1950) th\u00ec Mi\u1ebfu \u0110\u00f4i v\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u201c\u1ee5 \u0110\u1ea5t\u201d linh thi\u00eang \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb san b\u1eb1ng. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed hai ng\u00f4i mi\u1ebfu c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 to\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed9 \u201c\u1ee5 \u0110\u1ea5t\u201d n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u1ea1nh sau tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf Thu\u1ef7 Thanh hi\u1ec7n nay. M\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1 l\u1edbn c\u00f2n gi\u1ea5u m\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 tr\u1ed3i l\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u t\u00edch v\u1ec1 hai ng\u00f4i mi\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfn tranh t\u00e0n ph\u00e1. C\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta truy\u1ec1n r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng Phan C\u00f4ng H\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 b\u00ed m\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0a s\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea7u vua Quang Trung v\u1ec1 ch\u00f4n r\u1ea5t c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a kinh th\u00e0nh Hu\u1ebf 1885","TH\u1ea6N TH\u00c1I QUANG TRUNG Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, ch\u00fang ta ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o, th\u1ea7n th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf Quang Trung, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t Quang Trung c\u00f3 th\u1eadt qua s\u1eed s\u00e1ch. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u201cQuang Trung gi\u1ea3\u201d do m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1 s\u0129 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua C\u00e0n Long sai v\u1ebd nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbp gi\u1ea3 v\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u1ea1m C\u00f4ng Tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1eafc Kinh n\u0103m 1790. \u1ea2nh Quang Trung (gi\u1ea3) c\u01b0\u1ee1i ng\u1ef1a tr\u1eafng, mang binh gi\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in trong t\u1eadp M\u00e3n Ch\u00e2u c\u1ed5 ho\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c (1) c\u0169ng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt Ph\u1ea1m C\u00f4ng Tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1789 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u00f3ng gi\u1ea3 v\u01b0\u01a1ng Quang Trung ra Th\u0103ng Long nh\u1eadn s\u1eafc phong c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Thanh. Khi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, hai vi\u00ean s\u1ee9 th\u1ea7n mang s\u1eafc phong sang n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft th\u01b0 cho Quang Trung c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng: \u201cT\u00f4i m\u01a1 m\u00e0ng v\u1eabn th\u1ea5y quy m\u00f4, kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng khi v\u1ec1 b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a m\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean\u201d (2) M\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta h\u00ecnh dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea7n th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a Quang Trung l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec7n ki\u1ebfn Quang Trung nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c quan l\u1ea1i L\u00ea - Tr\u1ecbnh, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c s\u1eed gia tri\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n v\u1ec1 sau. Nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 sao \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u00edch n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft g\u1ea1n l\u1ecdc lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng thi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn, ch\u1ee7 quan, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb x\u1ea5u xa. S\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ea1i Nam ch\u00ednh bi\u00ean Li\u1ec7t truy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n ch\u00e9p: \u201cHu\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 chu\u00f4ng, m\u1eaft l\u1eadp lo\u00e8 nh\u01b0 \u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec7n, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng minh gi\u1ea3o ho\u1ea1t, gi\u1ecfi chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u kinh s\u1ee3\u201d (3). M\u1ed9t quan vi\u1ebft s\u1eed d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Nguy\u1ec5n c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e9p: \u201cHu\u1ec7 t\u00f3c qu\u0103n, m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea7y m\u1ee5n, c\u00f3 con m\u1eaft nh\u1ecf, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i tr\u00f2ng r\u1ea5t l\u1ea1, ban \u0111\u00eam ng\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e8n, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1eeb m\u1eaft soi s\u00e1ng c\u1ea3 chi\u1ebfu, l\u00fac l\u00e2m tr\u1eadn th\u00ec th\u1ebf th\u1eafng uy anh h\u00f9ng l\u1eabm li\u1ec7t, cho n\u00ean m\u1edbi b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam, d\u1eb9p ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc, ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ai h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d (4). \u00d3c th\u00f4ng minh \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m n\u00ean s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn, ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i sang s\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0 chu\u00f4ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0 l\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n hi\u1ec7u nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea7y s\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c, v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft nh\u01b0 \u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u201cthay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e8n\u201d soi s\u00e1ng c\u1ea3 chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0o l\u00fac ban \u0111\u00eam, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xuy\u00ean th\u1ea5u m\u1ecdi t\u00e2m can s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u kinh s\u1ee3\u201d. C\u00e1i \u201cnh\u00e3n quang\u201d \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f9ng b\u1ed9 \u00f3c th\u00f4ng minh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m n\u00ean s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p phi th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 ghi l\u1ea1i. Trong m\u1ed9t t\u1edd d\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a vua C\u00e0n Long v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1790 c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 Quang Trung nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cNguy\u1ec5n Quang B\u00ecnh d\u1ee5ng t\u00e2m chu \u0111\u00e1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea5n ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam v\u00e0 th\u1eeba th\u1ee5 h\u1eadu \u00e2n c\u1ee7a Tr\u1eabm l\u00e2u d\u00e0i th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng khen\u201d (5) . . __________________________ (1) In l\u1ea1i trong t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u0110\u00f4ng Thanh c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, s\u1ed1 n\u0103m 1982. (2) Tr\u00edch trong \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t qu\u1ed1c th\u01b0, S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, d\u1ecbch 1967, tr.167. (3) Quy\u1ec3n 30,t. 17b (4) T\u00e2y S\u01a1n thu\u1eadt l\u01b0\u1ee3c, T\u1ea1 Quang Ph\u00e1t d\u1ecbch, t\u1eadp san S\u1eed \u0110\u1ecba, s\u1ed1 9, S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, tr.165. (5) \u0110\u1ea1i Nam th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c, Q. 1345, t. 17b. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 trong Ho\u00e0ng L\u00ea nh\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn Quang Trung l\u00e0: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng minh quy\u1ebft \u0111o\u00e1n\u201d (1). H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 ra Th\u0103ng Long di\u1ec7t qu\u00e2n Tr\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1786 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i trong Minh \u0111\u00f4 s\u1eed: V\u0103n Hu\u1ec7 m\u1eb7c \u00e1o ng\u00e2n gi\u00e1p, \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9i m\u00e3o th\u00eau \u0111\u1ecf, th\u00fac hai \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n Thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9t x\u00f4ng th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o qu\u00e2n Ph\u00f9ng C\u01a1, qu\u00e2n Ph\u00f9ng C\u01a1 \u0111ang \u0103n c\u01a1m kh\u00f4ng k\u1ecbp s\u1eafp h\u00e0ng ng\u0169, \u0111\u00e0nh v\u1ee1 tan. V\u0103n Hu\u1ec7 ti\u00ean qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1n b\u00ean T\u00e2y Long ng\u1ed3i \u0111\u0129nh \u0111\u1ea1c tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfc t\u1ea5m v\u00e1n cao trong thuy\u1ec1n, dung m\u1ea1o h\u00f9ng v\u0129, nhung ph\u1ee5c ch\u1ec9nh","t\u1ec1. C\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u0129 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u00f2ng hai b\u00ean t\u1ea3 h\u1eefu tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ai c\u0169ng n\u00f3i: B\u1eafc B\u00ecnh V\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n s\u00f4ng v\u1eady. R\u1ed3i c\u00f9ng nhau t\u1ea5m t\u1eafc khen ng\u1ee3i m\u00e3i kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4i. (2) L\u00fac Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 v\u00e0o kinh \u0111\u00f4 Th\u0103ng Long, vua L\u00ea sai c\u00e1c quan l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ebfn y\u1ebft ki\u1ebfn. Th\u1ea5y th\u1ea7n s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc B\u00ecnh V\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1, nghi\u00eam ngh\u1ecb, ai c\u0169ng run s\u1ee3, h\u00e3i h\u00f9ng (3). Ng\u00f4 Cao L\u00e3ng c\u00f3 ghi chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1786 nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cVua Hi\u1ec3n T\u00f4ng cho c\u00e1c quan v\u0103n th\u1ea7n Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0n, Phan Tr\u1ecdng Phi\u00ean, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u0103ng Qu\u1ef7, U\u00f4ng S\u0129 L\u00e3ng, Tr\u1ea7n C\u00f4ng X\u00e1 n v\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 C\u00f4ng Ch\u1ea9n ch\u1ea7u h\u1ea7u, tu\u1ef3 theo s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 th\u00f9 \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi Hu\u1ec7. \u2018 Ch\u1ea9n t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i l\u1ea5y c\u1edb c\u00f3 t\u1eadt, b\u1ecdn Ho\u00e0n, Phi\u00ean, m\u1ed7i khi g\u1eb7p Hu\u1ec7 th\u00ec khi\u1ebfp s\u1ee3 n\u00e9p xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t, (khi h\u1ecfi) \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 \u00e0 u\u00f4m, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ki\u00ean g\u00ec\u201d (4). N\u0103m 1787, L\u00ea Chi\u00eau Th\u1ed1ng tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u0103ng Long b\u00e0n vi\u1ec7c c\u1eaft c\u1eed ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n xin l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t Ngh\u1ec7 An, c\u00e1c quan l\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 L\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ho\u00e0ng L\u00ea nh\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng ch\u00ed thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 sau: L\u00ea Chi\u00eau Th\u00f4ng n\u00f3i: - \u0110\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 tr\u1ea5n Ngh\u1ec7 An, th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n sai m\u1ed9t s\u1eed gi\u1ea3 \u0111em qu\u1ed1c th\u01b0 sang b\u00e0n b\u1ea1c v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi n\u00f3i l\u00e0 xong. Ta c\u00f9ng h\u1ecd l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng gia, ta c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n lo xa l\u00e0m g\u00ec. Quan Ng\u1ef1 s\u1eed Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh Gi\u1ea3n n\u00f3i: - X\u01b0a nay t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ho\u00e0 h\u1ea3o th\u00f4ng gia n\u00f3i chung \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tin c\u1eady. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1edb b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ef1 c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m, cho b\u1edd c\u00f5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 d\u00f2m ng\u00f3 c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ecbch, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u1edbi tin c\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. B\u1eafc B\u00ecnh V\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 b\u1eadc anh h\u00f9ng, xem th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00f4ng ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e2u. Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Ch\u1ec9nh n\u00f3i: - T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi \u00f4ng ta, h\u00e1 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft. \u00d4ng ta qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 b\u1eadc anh h\u00f9ng, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i x\u1ee9 B\u1eafc ta \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng thua l\u1eafm. V\u1ea1n nh\u1ea5t x\u1ea3y ra vi\u1ec7c binh \u0111ao t\u00f4i xin ch\u1ecdi v\u1edbi \u00f4ng ta, c\u00f2n nh\u01b0 b\u1ecdn V\u0169 V\u0103n Nh\u1eadm th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Tri\u1ec1u th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh Gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m \u0110\u00ecnh D\u01b0 \u0111i Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n, Phan L\u00ea Phi\u00ean ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i ngay v\u00e0 n\u00f3i: - B\u1eafc B\u00ecnh V\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t qu\u1ef7 quy\u1ec7t, hay d\u00f9ng m\u01b0u kh\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec3 lung l\u1ea1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta. Trong l\u00fac b\u00e0n b\u1ea1c, khi n\u00e9m xu\u1ed1ng, khi n\u00e2ng l\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o m\u00e0 d\u00f2. Th\u1ea7n s\u1ee3 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y tranh bi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi \u00f4ng ta th\u1ebf n\u00e0o r\u1ed3i c\u0169ng l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng vi\u1ec7c. Sau m\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y b\u00e0n m\u00e3i v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi th\u1ed1 ngo\u1ea1i giao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7, Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb v\u1edbi Tr\u1ea7n C\u00f4ng X\u00e1n. S\u1edf d\u0129 Ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb X\u00e1n \u0111i g\u1eb7p Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n Ch\u1ec9nh b\u1ecb ph\u00e1ch l\u1ea1c h\u1ed3n xi\u00eau tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u201c\u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft th\u1ea7n\u201d c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1786, l\u00fac m\u1edbi chi\u1ebfm xong Thu\u1eadn Ho\u00e1, Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb v\u1edbi Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n th\u1ebf th\u1eafng ra \u0111\u00e1nh lu\u00f4n Th\u0103ng Long. Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e1p: _____________________ (1) T\u1eadp II, 1984, tr. 43 (2) Minh \u0111\u00f4 s\u1eed, Q. 32, b\u1ea3n ch\u00e9p c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n S\u1eed h\u1ecdc. (3) Ho\u00e0ng L\u00ea nh\u1ea5t th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ed, t\u1eadp II, 1984, tr. 43. (4) L\u1ecbch tri\u1ec1u t\u1ea1p k\u1ef7, t\u1eadp II, 1975, tr. 380 - B\u1eafc H\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc to l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0i, l\u1eddi x\u01b0a c\u00f3 n\u00f3i: \u201cCon ong c\u00f3 n\u1ecdc\u201d kh\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khinh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0? Ch\u1ec9nh n\u00f3i: - Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0i B\u1eafc H\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t Ch\u1ec9nh n\u00e0y th\u00f4t. Nay t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i r\u1ed3i, \u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed7ng kh\u00f4ng, xin Ng\u00e0i ch\u1edb c\u00f3 nghi ng\u1ea1i . Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 v\u00f4n kh\u00e9o d\u00f9ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ebb ng\u01b0\u1eddi li\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f9a r\u1eb1ng: - Kh\u00f4ng nghi ng\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o th\u00e1c, ch\u1ea3 ho\u00e1 ra ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng nghi ng\u1ea1i th\u00f4i \u01b0?","Nh\u01b0 soi th\u1ea5u t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecba h\u1eafc \u00e1m c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ec9nh, Ch\u1ec9nh t\u00e1i m\u1eb7t t\u1ea1 r\u1eb1ng: - S\u1edf d\u0129 t\u00f4i n\u00eau l\u00ean c\u00e1i ngu h\u00e8n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u1eb3ng qua c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i qu\u00e1 r\u1eb1ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i tuy\u1ec7t nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea5y th\u00f4t. Bi\u1ebft Ch\u1ec9nh lo s\u1ee3 n\u00ean Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 an \u1ee7i m\u1ea5y c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 Ch\u1ec9nh an l\u00f2ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Tr\u1ea7n C\u00f4ng X\u00e1n, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1786, khi Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 ra Th\u0103ng Long, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n nh\u00e0 L\u00ea \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi ra ki\u1ebfn di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7, ai c\u0169ng run s\u1ee3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc uy phong l\u1eabm li\u1ec7t v\u00e0 t\u00e0i l\u00fd lu\u1eadn s\u1eafc b\u00e9n c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 ch\u1ec9 tr\u1eeb c\u00f3 Tr\u1ea7n C\u00f4ng X\u00e1n. Ho\u00e0ng L\u00ea nh\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng ch\u00ed thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 sau: Trong khi ai c\u0169ng h\u00e3i h\u00f9ng run s\u1ee3, ri\u00eang X\u00e1n th\u00ec ti\u1ebfn tho\u00e1i nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t phong th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n. B\u1eafc B\u00ecnh V\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m l\u1ea1, \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5y l\u1ea7n m\u1eddi X\u00e1n \u0111\u1ebf h\u1ecfi vi\u1ec7c B\u1eafc H\u00e0. H\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u X\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1p \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 su\u1ed1i ch\u1ea3y, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o ng\u1eadp ng\u1eebng, \u1ea5p \u00fang. C\u00f3 l\u00fac B\u1eafc B\u00ecnh Vu\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 \u00fd h\u1ecfi v\u1eb7n, nh\u01b0ng X\u00e1n v\u1eabn l\u1eadt qua l\u1eadt l\u1ea1i, tranh c\u00e3i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea3y may ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c. B\u1eafc B\u00ecnh V\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ea3o v\u1edbi t\u1ea3 h\u1eefu r\u1eb1ng: - Ta nghe B\u1eafc H\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i, nay \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn n\u01a1i th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 Tr\u1ea7n C\u00f4ng X\u00e1n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u00ed s\u1eafc con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. X\u00e1n l\u00e0m th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0 b\u1ed9 H\u00ecnh, r\u1ed3i l\u00e3nh ch\u00fac \u0110\u1ed3ng binh ch\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1. V\u1ed1n l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ec9nh n\u00ean Ch\u1ec9nh r\u1ea5t tr\u1ecdng, vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec Ch\u1ec9nh c\u0169ng b\u00e0n v\u1edbi X\u00e1n, ch\u1edd \u00fd ki\u1ebfn quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a X\u00e1n. X\u00e1n b\u1ea3o v\u1edbi Ch\u1ec9nh: - B\u1eafc B\u00ecnh V\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3m s\u00e2u kh\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1eddng, chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i n\u00e0y v\u1ecb t\u1ea5t \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u00e3 nghe theo, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e2ng m\u1ec7nh vua th\u00ec c\u1ee9 li\u1ec7u chi\u1ec1u bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn, li\u1ec1u ch\u1ebft m\u00e0 c\u00e3i. V\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt, l\u00fac v\u00e0o Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n, X\u00e1n \u0111\u00f2i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t Ngh\u1ec7 An c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh. Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i c\u1ee7a X\u00e1n ra s\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c X\u00e1n v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi T\u00e2y S\u01a1n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng X\u00e1n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f2i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t Ngh\u1ec7 An kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh, Ch\u1ec9nh v\u1eeba b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t l\u00f2ng tin v\u1eeba b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u1ea7y n\u00ean t\u1ef1 bi\u1ec7n b\u1ea1ch r\u1eb1ng: - B\u1eafc B\u00ecnh V\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh h\u00f9ng h\u00e0o ki\u1ec7t \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam ta c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng thua. H\u1eafn qu\u1ef7 quy\u1ec7t h\u01a1n ta, nh\u01b0ng ta kh\u00f4n ngoan h\u01a1n h\u1eafn. N\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc ta th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi h\u1eafn, n\u00ean ng\u00e0y nay ta nh\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eafn m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1edd. \u1ede Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n, sau khi \u0111\u00e3 \u00e9m nh\u1eb9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ee5 Tr\u1ea7n C\u00f4ng X\u00e1n, Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0a qu\u00e2n v\u00e0o Quy Nh\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebf k\u1ecbp d\u1eadp t\u1eaft cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i bi\u00ean nguy hi\u1ec3m. Tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n, Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Ch\u1ec9nh. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf t\u1ea1i Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1787, Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng: - Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Ch\u1ec9nh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft, ta l\u1ea1i v\u1ebd m\u1eb7t v\u1ebd m\u1eb7t cho, nay h\u1eafn bay nh\u1ea3y \u1edf B\u1eafc H\u00e0, ph\u00f2 vua L\u00ea \u0111\u1ec3 sai khi\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng lo \u0111\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1p \u01a1n ta m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1eafn l\u1ea1i, m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t Ngh\u1ec7 An \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea5n. quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00faa Tr\u1ecbnh x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a. Th\u1eb1ng gi\u1eb7c \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e1ng gi\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft h\u1eafn \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eafp s\u1eb5n bao nhi\u00eau binh m\u00e3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh nhau v\u1edbi ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 V\u00f5 V\u0103n Nh\u1eadm t\u1ee9c t\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed ra Th\u0103ng Long \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7. Nh\u01b0ng khi gi\u1ebft xong Ch\u1ec9nh, V\u00f5 V\u0103n Nh\u1eadm l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 tho\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1t B\u1eafc H\u00e0, Ng\u00f4 V\u0103n S\u1edf b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n, Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u0129 r\u1eb1ng: - Th\u1eb1ng V\u00f5 V\u0103n Nh\u1eadm \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u1ebft th\u1eadt, ta v\u1eabn bi\u1ebft th\u1ebf n\u00e0o h\u1eafn c\u0169ng l\u00e0m ph\u1ea3n, qu\u1ea3 nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng sai. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u1eddi b\u00e0n ra, ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0o. Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1t to: - R\u1eafn \u0111\u1ed9c c\u1eafn tay, tr\u00e1ng s\u0129 m\u1ea5t v\u1ebf, anh h\u00f9ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ng\u1edd \u0111\u1ec1n ti\u00eau danh, ti\u00eau","nghi\u1ec7p. N\u1ebfu c\u1ee9 l\u1eb1ng nh\u1eb1ng nghe nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i su\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i c\u1eafn r\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng k\u1ecbp. C\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4 b\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1ea3m to nh\u01b0 b\u00e1o, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c. R\u1ed3i m\u1eadt d\u1ee5 cho c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u0129 r\u1eb1ng: - H\u1ec5 ai n\u00f3i ta c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong chuy\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh binh n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u1eaft l\u01b0\u1ee1i ngay. N\u00f3i xong, li\u1ec1n h\u1ea1 l\u1ec7nh ra B\u1eafc, th\u00fac t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u0129 \u0111i su\u1ed1t ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y 10 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u0103ng Long (1) Nh\u1eadt k\u00fd c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i B\u1eafc K\u1ef3 c\u00f3 ghi l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 sau: \\\"B\u1eafc B\u00ecnh V\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfn r\u1ea5t mau, c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i binh c\u00f9ng \u0111o\u00e0n h\u1ed9 gi\u00e1 g\u1ed3m 150 con voi, 100 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eb1m v\u00f5ng, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7u s\u01a1n son thi\u1ebfp v\u00e0ng l\u1ed9ng l\u1eaby (m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i d\u00e0nh cho Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i d\u00e0nh cho Ng\u1ecdc H\u00e2n). Ng\u00e0y 2 th\u00e1ng 5 (l788), t\u00f4i nghe tin B\u1eafc B\u00ecnh V\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f2n c\u00e1ch tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Ng\u00e0y m\u1ed3ng 7, t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u00f4ng v\u00e0o kinh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb s\u00e1ng m\u1ed3ng 4, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng l\u1ed9 v\u1ebb vui t\u01b0\u01a1i g\u00ec. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng quan Ti\u1ebft ch\u1ebf V\u00f5 V\u0103n Nh\u1eadm c\u00f3 ra \u0111\u00f3n \u00f4ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e1ch xa th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 v\u1edbi ve n\u1ec3 s\u1ee3, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ra c\u1ed1 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u00f4ng nh\u01b0ng th\u1ea5y \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng qu\u00e1, n\u00ean Ti\u1ec7t ch\u1ebf gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd vui v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd g\u00ec. D\u00f9 sao B\u1eafc B\u00ecnh V\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft \u00f4ng t\u00fac kh\u1eafc. S\u00e1ng h\u00f4m sau, ng\u00e0y 5 th\u00e1ng 5, \u00f4ng b\u1ecb tr\u00f3i d\u1eabn ra ph\u00e1p tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 b\u1ecb b\u1eaft qu\u1ef3 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 cho c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang xem, ph\u01a1i m\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1i n\u1eafng gay g\u1eaft c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. Ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau \u00f4ng b\u1ecb x\u1eed tr\u1ea3m. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng cho nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb kh\u00e1t m\u00e1u \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng gieo tang t\u00f3c cho T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 B\u1eafc K\u1ef3 n\u00f3i ri\u00eang\\\" (2). Di\u1ec7t xong V\u00f5 V\u0103n Nh\u1eadm, giao B\u1eafc H\u00e0 l\u1ea1i cho Ng\u00f4 V\u0103n S\u1edf v\u00e0 Ng\u00f4 Th\u00ec Nh\u1eadm, Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00fac m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Chi\u00eau Th\u1ed1ng sang Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7n nh\u00e0 Thanh. Nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f4ng 1788, qu\u00e2n Thanh \u1ed3 \u1ea1t v\u00e0o Th\u0103ng Long. Tuy l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cung nh\u00e2n tri\u1ec1u L\u00ea nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t kh\u00e1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1ec1 Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7, khi \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1p v\u1edbi m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Chi\u00eau Th\u1ed1ng. ____________________ (1) Minh \u0111\u00f4 s\u1eed, Q. 40. (2) T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u Nha V\u0103n kh\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia Paris F.5. A. 22, tr. 226 - 227. - Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 l\u00e0 tay anh h\u00f9ng l\u00e3o luy\u1ec7n, d\u0169ng m\u00e3nh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00e0i c\u1ea7m qu\u00e2n, xem h\u1eafn ra B\u1eafc v\u00e0o Nam \u1ea9n hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 qu\u1ef7 th\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec7t. H\u1eafn b\u1eaft Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Ch\u1ec9nh nh\u01b0 b\u1eaft tr\u1ebb con, gi\u1ebft V\u00f5 V\u0103n Nh\u1eadm nh\u01b0 gi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t con l\u1ee3n. Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o d\u00e1m nh\u00ecn th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o m\u1eaft h\u1eafn, th\u1ea5y h\u1eafn tr\u1edf tay, \u0111\u01b0a m\u1eaft, l\u00e0 ai n\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1ch l\u1ea1c h\u1ed3n xi\u00eau s\u1ee3 h\u1eafn h\u01a1n s\u1ee3 s\u1ea5m s\u00e9t, e r\u1eb1ng ch\u1eb3ng m\u1ea5y l\u00e2u n\u1eefa h\u1eafn l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf ra. T\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed1c h\u1ecd T\u00f4n \u0111em th\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n nh\u1edb nh\u00e0 kia m\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecdi th\u00ec \u0111\u1ecbch sao n\u1ed5i H\u1ecd ch\u1eb3ng qua ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1ch. Chuy\u00ean n\u00e0y xem s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f3 hay d\u1ec5 li\u1ec7u b\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfn lui m\u00e0 th\u00f4t. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ta th\u00ec sao? Th\u00e1i H\u1eadu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y sang Trung Hoa m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn n\u1eefa kh\u00f4ng? (1) V\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt, vua Quang Trung \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i B\u1eafc H\u00e0, v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u0103ng Long trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u00e2n K\u1ef7 D\u1eadu (1789) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 sau: Ng\u00e0y 30 th\u00e1ng 1 (1789), Quang Trung r\u1eddi K\u1ebb V\u00f4i tr\u00ean l\u01b0ng voi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn chung s\u1ee9c, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 \u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng khi th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd chi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u0103ng h\u00e1i l\u1eafm, \u00f4ng li\u1ec1n b\u1ecf roi v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng ng\u1ef1a. Theo l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3n, \u00f4ng \u0111eo hai thanh ki\u1ebfm ch\u1ea1y ngang d\u1ecdc, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e9m r\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e1 v\u00e0 binh l\u00ednh Trung Hoa l\u00e0m r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi tay \u00f4ng, \u00f4ng lu\u00f4n mi\u1ec7ng h\u00f4 xung phong v\u00e0 l\u00fac n\u00e0o \u00f4ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf tuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn. (2) Nh\u01b0ng khi c\u1ea7n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 l\u1edbn cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec Quang Trung lu\u00f4n ki\u00ean tr\u00ec, thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n, k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, \u00e2n uy, c\u00f4ng t\u1ed9i c\u0169ng ph\u00e2n minh. L\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa Quang Trung v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Thi\u1ebfp l\u00e0m d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng. Trong b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 ng\u00e0y 10 th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m Th\u00e1i \u0110\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 10 (1787), Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 cao Nguy\u1ec5n Thi\u1ebfp nh\u01b0 v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 m\u00e0 v\u00ed m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 c\u1eadu h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 b\u00e9 nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a phu t\u1eed, th\u01b0 c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n vi\u1ebft: \u201cMong phu t\u1eed ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 v\u1edbi sinh d\u00e2n, v\u1ee5t d\u1eady mc\u00ec \u0111i ra, \u0111\u1ec3 cho Qu\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ea7y m\u00e0 nh\u1edd, cho","\u0111\u1eddi nay c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u1eady, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi ng\u00f5 h\u1ea7u kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ee5 \u00fd tr\u1eddi sinh ra k\u1ebb gi\u1ecfi\u201d (3). Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y 13 th\u00e1ng 9 (1787), Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 c\u00f3 l\u1eddi l\u1ebd nh\u01b0 sau: \\\"T\u1eeb l\u00fac kh\u1edfi binh \u0111\u1ebfn nay, th\u00e2n tr\u1ea3i tr\u0103m tr\u1eadn, s\u00f9ng chu\u1ed9ng v\u00f5 uy, ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a, gi\u1ebft k\u1ebb v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbc. . .Nh\u01b0ng g\u00e1nh l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c binh d\u00e2n r\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eb7t r\u1ea5t b\u1ec1 b\u1ed9n, s\u1ee5 l\u00e0m \u0111\u00fang hay sai quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0, nh\u1ecf. N\u00ean su\u1ed1t ng\u00e0y, Qu\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m r\u1eddi ra m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1eeda ti\u00ean sinh m\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3n. Mong phu t\u1eed x\u00e9t soi cho t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng th\u00e0nh v\u1ee5t d\u1eady m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ee5ng, l\u1ea5y l\u00f2ng v\u00ec Nghi\u00eau, Thu\u1eabn qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n m\u00e0 ra d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1, Qu\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ee9c xin \u00e2n nghe l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o, khi\u1ebfn cho Qu\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ee9c tho\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng ao \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecm th\u1ea7y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1edd khu\u00f4n ph\u00e9p th\u1ebf th\u00ec may l\u1eafm\u201d (4). Trong b\u1ee9c th\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y 18 th\u00e1ng 3 (1787) do C\u1ea9n T\u00edn h\u1ea7u Nguy\u1ec5n Quang \u0110\u1ea1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp mang \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Thi\u1ebfp, to\u00e0n v\u0103n b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cG\u1eedi cho La S\u01a1n phu t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hay. Nay thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 kh\u00f4n kh\u1ed5, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng phu t\u1eed m\u00e0 c\u1ee9u g\u1ee1 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00f9ng ai. Qu\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ee9c th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh qua h\u1ea1t. \u0110\u1eb7c sai quan binh phi\u00ean ph\u00f3 tri phi\u00ean C\u1ea9n T\u00edn h\u1ea7u Nguy\u1ec5n Quang \u0110\u1ea1i l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n an m\u00e0 m\u1eddi phu t\u1eed t\u1edbi, ng\u00f5 h\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe l\u1eddi phu t\u1eed b\u1ea3o, th\u1ebf l\u00e0 may cho Qu\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 may cho c\u1ea3 thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 l\u1eafm\u201d. (5) Nguy\u1ebfn Thi\u1ebfp c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 \u1edf Ph\u00f9 Th\u1ea1ch nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0a ra. Cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0y, trong gia ph\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdNguy\u1ec5n do con ch\u00e1u c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Thi\u1ebfp l\u01b0u gi\u1eef c\u00f3 ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 sau: __________________ (1) Ho\u00e0ng L\u00ea nh\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng ch\u00ed, t\u1eadp II, tr. 1175. (2) Nh\u1eadt k\u00fd gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u H\u1ed9i truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Paris. (3) Ho\u00e0ng Xu\u00e2n H\u00e3n, La S\u01a1n phu t\u1eed, M\u00ecnh T\u00e2n, Paris, 1952, tr. 105. (4) (5) La S\u01a1n phu t\u1eed, tr. 109, 107. Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 tr\u00e1ch: - \u0110\u00e3 l\u00e2u nay nghe \u0111\u1ea1i danh, ba l\u1ea7n cho t\u1edbi m\u1eddi, ti\u00ean sinh kh\u00f4ng th\u00e8m ra, \u00fd ti\u00ean sinh cho Qu\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 th\u1eb1ng gi\u1eb7c nh\u1ecf, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e0m k\u1ebb anh h\u00f9ng trong thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 ch\u0103ng? Nguy\u1ec5n Thi\u1ebfp tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: - H\u01a1n hai tr\u0103m n\u0103m nay, quy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 tay h\u1ecd Tr\u1ecbnh hung b\u1ea1o, V\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0a qu\u00e2n ra m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n m\u00e0 d\u1ee9t ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 L\u00ea, v\u1edbi danh ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh th\u00ec anh h\u00f9ng ai l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng theo. N\u1ebfu gi\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfng nh\u00e2n ngh\u0129a n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i t\u00f4n vua \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfng th\u00ec ho\u00e1 ra l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb gian h\u00f9ng. Hu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1eafc m\u1eb7t, ng\u1ed3i d\u1ecbch ra v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3i r\u1ea5t tr\u1ecdng. Nguy\u1ec5n Thi\u1ebfp kh\u00f4ng ra c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u1ee5 hi\u1ec3u qu\u00e1 r\u00f5 c\u00e1i danh ngh\u0129a \u201cph\u00f2 L\u00ea\u201d c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7. C\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ai d\u00e1m n\u00f3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec qu\u00fd tr\u1ecdng m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i, Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 v\u1eabn ki\u00ean tr\u00ec thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ee5. C\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i vi\u1ec7c c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi T\u00e2y S\u01a1n, t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i vi\u1ec7c coi \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u00f4 \u1edf Ph\u00f9 Th\u1ea1ch, c\u1ee5 cho x\u1ee9 Ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea5t x\u1ea5u, d\u00e2n ngh\u00e8o. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf, c\u1ee5 c\u00f2n l\u00ean gi\u1ecdng d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7, nh\u01b0ng Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1eadt l\u00f2ng, t\u1ef1 \u00e1i, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t ki\u00ean tr\u00ec m\u1eddi c\u1ee5 ra gi\u00fap n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u1ee9u d\u00e2n. Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfu cho La S\u01a1n phu t\u1eed nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cNg\u00e0y 19 th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m nay, ta th\u1ea5y t\u1edd kh\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a Phu t\u1eed. Trong \u1ea5y c\u00f3 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ebf n\u00ean ch\u0103ng v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng sinh d\u00e2n \u0111au kh\u1ed5 l\u1ea1i l\u1ea5y danh ng\u00f4n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u1ed5 nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 r\u0103n d\u1ea1y ta, l\u1eddi b\u00e0n \u1ea5y nh\u01b0 li\u1ec1u thu\u1ed1c hay, r\u1ea5t x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi \u00fd ta\u201d Kh\u00e2m sai \u0111\u1eb7c chi\u1ebfu. Ng\u00e0y 19 th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m Th\u00e1i \u0110\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 11\\\" (1788). Nh\u1edd b\u1ecf nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c, d\u1eb9p l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 \u00e1i, s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec n\u00ean Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c t\u1ea7m c\u1ee1","c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9 Ngh\u1ec7 ra c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c. Nguy\u1ec5n Thi\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 coi \u0111\u1ea5t C\u1ed5 Bi (Gia L\u00e2m), x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ho\u00e0ng trung \u0111\u00f4 (Ngh\u1ec7 An) v\u00e0 l\u00e0m Vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng S\u00f9ng Ch\u00ednh th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n. Quang Trung r\u1ea5t tr\u1ecdng n\u1ec3 Nguy\u1ec5n Thi\u1ebfp, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 tin d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng. Quang Trung \u0111\u00e3 qu\u1ef3 xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1eddi Nguy\u1ec5n Thi\u1ebfp ra gi\u00fap n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1ee3i d\u00e2n. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao m\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Thi\u1ebfp l\u00e0m qua loa v\u00f4 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m th\u00ec c\u0169ng v\u00ec l\u1ee3i d\u00e2n, \u00edch n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 Quang Trung ph\u1ea3i ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc, th\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ea1t c\u00f4ng minh. Ch\u00fang ta xem Nguy\u1ec5n Thi\u1ebfp ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m d\u1ecbch c\u00e1c th\u01b0 s\u00e1ch ra ti\u1ebfng N\u00f4m \u1edf Vi\u1ec7n S\u00f9ng Ch\u00ednh. Ng\u00e0y 14 th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m nhu\u1eadn n\u0103m Quang Trung th\u1ee9 5 (1792), vua Quang Trung \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n cho La S\u01a1n phu t\u1eed r\u1eb1ng: \u201cNguy\u00ean n\u0103m ngo\u00e1i c\u00f3 ch\u00fa th\u00edch c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc xem ra th\u1ea5y \u00e2m ngh\u0129a s\u01a1 s\u00e0i, th\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u01b0a x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ec9. C\u00f2n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c di\u1ec5n ngh\u0129a T\u1ee9 Th\u01b0 th\u00ec h\u1eb9n r\u1eb1ng m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n n\u0103m t\u1edbi l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm. Truy\u1ec1n cho ph\u1ea3i mau ch\u00f3ng ch\u00fa th\u00edch \u00e2m v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a, \u0111\u00f3ng th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3n g\u1eedi v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn. Ph\u1ea3i n\u00ean gia \u00fd vi\u1ec7c th\u00edch \u00e2m thi\u1ebft cho tinh m\u1eadt ch\u1edb l\u00e0m th\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1o th\u1ea3o nh\u01b0 k\u1ef3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u1edd c\u00f3 l\u1eddi ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn v\u00e0 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng sau (th\u00e1ng 5) c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch T\u1ee9 th\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch xong, \u0111\u00f3ng th\u00e0nh 32 t\u1eadp g\u1eedi v\u00e0o Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n. Nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ch, Quang Trung l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m th\u00edch, li\u1ec1n ban chi\u1ebfu khen ng\u1ee3i La S\u01a1n phu t\u1eed c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 ban th\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u1ec1n. T\u1edd chi\u1ebfu vi\u1ebft: \u201cChi\u1ebfu cho S\u00f9ng Ch\u00ednh vi\u00ean Vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng La S\u01a1n Nguy\u1ec5n Kh\u1ea3i Xuy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft: Nguy\u00ean k\u1ef3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch xong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfn n\u1ed9p. K\u1ef3 n\u00e0y di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch T\u1ee9 th\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 xong, c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam 32 t\u1eadp. Tr\u1ea5n quan \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 kinh ti\u1ebfn n\u1ed9p. Tr\u1eabm \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng xem ti\u00ean sinh gi\u1ea3ng b\u00e0n phu di\u1ec5n k\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9, nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean gi\u00fap r\u1eadp l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n C\u00f4ng, Nguy\u1ec5n Thi\u1ec7n, Phan T\u00f4 \u0110\u1ecbnh, B\u00f9i D\u01b0\u01a1ng L\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng. V\u1eady ban th\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ed7 ti\u1ec1n 100 quan, cho tr\u1ea5n quan chi\u1ebfu theo m\u00e0 c\u1ea5p, l\u0129nh \u0111\u1ec3 chung h\u01b0\u1edfng \u00e2n t\u1ee9. Khi xong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1n b\u1ec1, Tr\u1eabm ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i, vui \u00fd \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch, Ti\u1ebfn sinh h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n uy\u00ean b\u00e1c, n\u00ean v\u00ec Tr\u1eabm m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy nh\u1eefng \u00fd th\u01b0, khi\u1ebfn cho b\u1ed5 \u00edch th\u00eam. Quang Trung n\u0103m th\u1ee9 5, ng\u00e0y 1 th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 1792\u201d. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u v\u0103n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf Quang Trung \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn, m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c tr\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt d\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 - Quang Trung.","NGH\u1ec6 THU\u1eacT D\u1ee4NG BINH C\u1ee6A QUANG TRUNG Quang Trung l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0110\u00f4ng \u2013 T\u00e2y, Kim - C\u1ed5. S\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ec1m t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eadp trung \u1edf \u00f4ng. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng phi th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, m\u1ed9t n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Quang Trung x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t anh h\u00f9ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i. T\u00e0i n\u0103ng xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Quang Trung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t: ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, v\u0103n ho\u00e1, ngo\u1ea1i giao. . . \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, \u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean t\u00e0i xu\u1ea5t ch\u00fang, m\u1ed9t danh t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u0103m tr\u1eadn tr\u0103m th\u1eafng. N\u0103m 20 tu\u1ed5i, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea7m qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh Nguy\u1ec5n, n\u0103m 40 tu\u1ed5i d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1edf chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch v\u00e0o Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec7t qu\u00e2n Nguy\u1ec5n, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch m\u1edf m\u00e0n. Tr\u1ea3i qua hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m l\u00e0m t\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ec9 huy, Quang Trung \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i k\u1ebb th\u00f9, th\u00f9 trong c\u0169ng nhi\u1ec1u, gi\u1eb7c ngo\u00e0i c\u0169ng l\u1eafm. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 3 mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc: Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh, Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n, Th\u0103ng Long. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00fang t\u1ea7m v\u00f3c c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 m\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 l\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi, k\u1ebb th\u00f9 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Qu\u00e2n Nguy\u1ec5n cho Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 \u201c\u1ee9ng bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7n\u201d, gi\u1eb7c Xi\u00eam sau l\u1ea7n thua tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1785 coi Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 l\u00e0 \u201ct\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u00e0 tr\u1eddi\u201d. C\u00f2n T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb l\u00fac m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u0103ng Long th\u00ec hu\u00eanh hoang t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eafc \u201cnu\u00f4i b\u00e9o gi\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ee3i ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed9p th\u1ecbt\u201d. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0a qu\u00e2n ra Th\u0103ng Long, m\u1edbi nghe tin \u0111\u00e3 \u201cs\u1ee3 m\u1ea5t m\u1eadt, b\u1ee7n r\u1ee7n ch\u00e2n tay\u201d v\u00e0 b\u00e1o v\u1edbi C\u00e0n Long l\u00e0 do b\u1ecdn L\u00ea Chi\u00eau Th\u1ed1ng \u201cnghe tin Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh \u0111em binh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ed3n v\u00eda, b\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y, l\u00e0m c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n Thi\u00ean tri\u1ec1u c\u0169ng ch\u1ea1y theo\u201d. Ngay c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u00e1o s\u0129 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn T\u00e2y S\u01a1n cho l\u00e0 phi\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1n (Rebelles), g\u1ecdi Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 l\u00e0 Ti\u1ebfm v\u01b0\u01a1ng (Usur pateurs), l\u00e0 B\u1ea1o ch\u00faa (Tyran), nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn so s\u00e1nh Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 v\u1edbi Alexandre \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebf hay T\u00e2n Attlita. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, b\u00e1ch chi\u1ebfn b\u00e1ch th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0a Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean t\u00e0i qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng binh ra sao? Nh\u1eefng b\u00ed \u1ea9n trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? N\u00e9t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf ch\u1ed7, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh thi\u00ean t\u00e0i qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u00e1o v\u1ea3i, kh\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u0103n v\u00f5 n\u00e0o ch\u00ednh quy v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ea1o ra nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i. Sau khi l\u00ean ng\u00f4i, \u1edf t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec9nh vinh quang c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf quy\u1ec1n, Quang Trung lu\u00f4n t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n \u201cB\u1ed1 Y\u201d m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch trung th\u1ef1c. Trong chi\u1ebfu l\u00ean ng\u00f4i, c\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ec3u v\u0103n kh\u00e1c k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 bi\u1ec3u v\u0103n xin c\u1ea7u h\u00f4n c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa nh\u00e0 Thanh, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 M\u1ea1c \u0110\u0103ng Dung s\u1ee3 m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i, nho s\u0129 n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 man khai l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i Tr\u1ea1ng nguy\u00ean M\u1ea1c \u0110\u0129nh Chi, ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb ru\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1 l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi \u1edf H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng. Theo quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a T\u00f4n T\u1eed, 6 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e0i ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a l\u00e0 Tr\u00ed, Nh\u00e2n, K\u00ednh, T\u00edn, D\u0169ng, Nghi\u00eam: Tr\u00ed l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ebb g\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecbch b\u1eb1ng m\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3c, Nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5c, K\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u00eau hi\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3i s\u0129, T\u00edn l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t l\u00f2ng tin, D\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00eam ch\u00ed kh\u00ed, Nghi\u00eam l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5t l\u1ec7nh. Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ee7 6 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y. Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u01b0u tr\u00ed, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1eddi c\u01a1 th\u1ea7n t\u1ed1c, nghi\u00eam l\u1ec7nh l\u00e0 n\u00e9t n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean t\u00e0i Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7. Trong tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh \u1edf Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1783, khi v\u00e2y \u0111u\u1ed5i Nguy\u1ec5n \u00e1nh \u1edf \u0111\u1ea3o Ph\u00fa Qu\u1ed1c, Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u0129 r\u1eb1ng: \u201cBinh c\u1ed1t l\u1ea5y nhanh l\u00e0m th\u1ea7n, C\u01a1 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng","th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf m\u1ea5t, nay nh\u00e2n th\u1ebf th\u1eafng qua b\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh \u00fap \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 binh. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, ph\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec3 m\u00e0 ph\u00e9p h\u1ea3i chi\u1ebfn th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft th\u1eddi, chi\u1ec1u gi\u00f3, s\u1ee9c gi\u00f3, n\u01b0\u1edbc tri\u1ec1u, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam l\u1ec7nh, bu\u00f4ng thuy\u1ec1n l\u1edbn theo d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ed1c l\u00ean \u0111\u00e1nh ngay, \u1eaft ph\u1ea3i th\u1eafng Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ee5ng binh \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00e0i t\u00ecnh trong chi\u1ebfn tr\u1eadn R\u1ea1ch G\u1ea7m - Xo\u00e0i M\u00fat v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1785. Bi\u1ebft qu\u00e2n Xi\u00eam \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00e0n v\u00e0o Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 1784, nh\u01b0ng Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng cho ti\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh \u00fap ngay. V\u00ec mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec3 cho ch\u00fang b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi s\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 s\u1edf \u0111o\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n ch\u01b0a m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n th\u1eed th\u00e1ch. Trong \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n c\u01b0\u1edbp n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 b\u00e8 l\u0169 b\u00e1n n\u01b0\u1edbc, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n ho\u00e1 gi\u1eefa t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Xi\u00eam, c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng th\u00eam s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 quan, khinh \u0111\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng qua chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng ban \u0111\u1ea7u. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00e1nh, nh\u01b0ng qu\u00e2n x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c Xi\u00eam y\u1ebfu \u0111i t\u1eeb y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 1785, Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 t\u1eeb Quy Nh\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0a hai v\u1ea1n qu\u00e2n v\u00e0o Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e1nh qu\u00e2n Xi\u00eam l\u00e0 th\u1eddi c\u01a1 ch\u00edn mu\u1ed3i. Nh\u01b0ng Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n doanh Tr\u00e0 T\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch, n\u01a1i c\u00e1ch s\u1edf ch\u1ec9 huy T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u1edf M\u1ef9 Tho ch\u1eebng 25 km v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o M\u1ef9 Tho, n\u01a1i ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n c\u00f3 ph\u00f2ng v\u1ec7, m\u00e0 \u00f4ng ch\u1ecdn tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecba .mai ph\u1ee5c gi\u1eefa l\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng Ti\u1ec1n, trong m\u1ed9t qu\u00e3ng s\u00f4ng ch\u1eebng 7km n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa R\u1ea1ch G\u1ea7m v\u00e0 Xo\u00e0i M\u00fat l\u00e0 th\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n. Tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecba mai ph\u1ee5c n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n thu\u1ef7 nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 binh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1o binh h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3. Nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ecbch v\u00e0o tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecba mai ph\u1ee5c? L\u00e0m sao \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbch v\u00e0o l\u00fac tr\u1eddi h\u1eedng s\u00e1ng (4, 5 gi\u1edd s\u00e1ng) \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea1n th\u00f9 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng? L\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m b\u00ed m\u1eadt cho m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn quy\u1ebft chi\u1ebfn nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 oanh li\u1ec7t. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u1eafng, ho\u1eb7c th\u1eafng nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 l\u00e0 Quy Nh\u01a1n r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tay qu\u00e2n Tr\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee9 ch\u01b0a n\u00f3i qu\u00e2n Xi\u00eam t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd tr\u01b0\u1eddn ra \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n mi\u1ec1n Trung. M\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y, c\u00e1i ng\u00e0y l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf tr\u1eadn ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbch l\u00fac t\u1ea3ng s\u00e1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfm 18 r\u1ea1ng ng\u00e0y 19 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 1785. Ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3, thu\u1ef7 tri\u1ec1u, con n\u01b0\u1edbc, s\u1ee9c gi\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t cho tr\u1eadn thu\u1ef7 chi\u1ebfn n\u00ean Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng k\u1ebf tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n chi\u1ebfn th\u01b0: M\u1eddi t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u0129 Xi\u00eam l\u00ean M\u1ef9 Tho xem qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n duy\u1ec7t binh, xin ho\u00e0 ho\u00e3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fat l\u00f3t cho ch\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a gi\u1eb7c, d\u00f9ng k\u1ebf nghi binh, khi\u00eau chi\u1ebfn. V\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n Xi\u00eam trong \u0111\u00eam 18 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ed3n \u1ee9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u00f4ng Ti\u1ec1n, n\u1eb1m g\u1ecdn trong tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecba mai ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea3ng s\u00e1ng th\u00ec b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7u. Ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00f2ng hai ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 g\u1ea7n 5 v\u1ea1n qu\u00e2n Xi\u00eam b\u1ecb ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y s\u01a1n qu\u00e9t s\u1ea1ch, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i v\u00e0i ng\u00e0n t\u00ean th\u00e1o th\u00e2n ch\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u00fang kinh s\u1ee3 phao truy\u1ec1n cho l\u00e0 \u2018S\u1ee3 T\u00e2y S\u01a1n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u1ee3 c\u1ecdp\u201d v\u00e0 t\u00f4n Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 l\u00e0 \u2018t\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u00e0 tr\u1eddi\u201d. Nguy\u1ec5n \u00e1nh c\u0169ng b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n b\u1eaft t\u1ea1i tr\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng do s\u01a1 h\u1edf trong vi\u1ec7c canh gi\u1eef n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf tr\u1ed1n. Trong chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n n\u0103m 1786, Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3 b\u1ed9 binh l\u1eabn thu\u1ef7 qu\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u00eam t\u01b0\u1ee3ng binh, k\u1ecb binh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1o binh h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00ecnh b\u00e1o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00e0i t\u00ecnh, t\u00ecnh b\u00e1o T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 khai th\u00e1c t\u1eeb Quy Nh\u01a1n, r\u1ed3i th\u1ecdc s\u00e2u v\u00e0o Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm ch\u1eafc t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00e3 d\u00f9ng k\u1ebf li gi\u00e1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng gi\u1eefa ch\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Ph\u1ea1m Ng\u00f4 C\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ph\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u00ecnh Th\u1ec3. Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng k\u1ebf \u201c\u0111i\u1ec7u h\u1ed5 ly s\u01a1n\u201d m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00e0i t\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n c\u1ea3i trang l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt s\u0129 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ee5 g\u1ea7n h\u1ebft l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f2ng v\u1ec7 \u1edf th\u00e0nh Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n l\u00ean ch\u00f9a Thi\u00ean M\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 lo c\u1ea7u an cho Ph\u1ea1m Ng\u00f4 C\u1ea7u, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f2n c\u00e2n n\u00e3o nh\u1eafm \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o tinh th\u1ea7n b\u1ea1c nh\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u1ea7u an c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n Tr\u1ecbnh, l\u00e0m cho qu\u00e2n Tr\u1ecbnh qu\u00e1 m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi do th\u1ee9c g\u1ea7n b\u1ea3y ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c d\u1ecbch, trong khi vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 ph\u00f2ng \u1edf Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n b\u1ecb ch\u1ec3nh m\u1ea3ng th\u00ec ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n ti\u1ebfn ra c\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh. Ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 h\u00e3m \u0111\u1ed3n An N\u00f4ng v\u00e0 phao tin An N\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb v\u1ee1, l\u00e0m binh l\u00ednh gi\u1eef th\u00e0nh Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n th\u00eam hoang mang. Th\u00e0nh Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng sau m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ebfm t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i h\u00f4m sau \u0111\u00e3 truy qu\u00e9t h\u1ebft qu\u00e2n Tr\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Thu\u1eadn Ho\u00e1, v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam m\u1ed9t m\u0169i vu h\u1ed3i ch\u1eb7n vi\u1ec7n do V\u0169 V\u0103n Nh\u1eadm ch\u1ec9 huy t\u1eeb s\u00f4ng Gianh ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o s\u00e2u trong n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh.","Chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n - Thu\u1eadn Ho\u00e1 n\u0103m 1786 c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 c\u00f2n do bi\u1ebft ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n n\u1ed5i d\u1eady \u0111\u1ea5u tranh k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng, truy b\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecbch. Trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Thanh \u1edf chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u0103ng Long, Quang Trung \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u00e0nh th\u1ebf ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00f3 thu\u1ef7 qu\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n b\u1ed9, c\u00f3 ph\u00e1o binh, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng binh h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n t\u00ecnh b\u00e1o v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n n\u1ed5i d\u1eady \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t huy m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. Vua Quang Trung v\u1eabn \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng l\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ea7n t\u1ed1c b\u00ed m\u1eadt, b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd, tr\u00e1 h\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng n\u00e9t ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t gi\u1eb7c Thanh l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c binh ch\u1ee7ng. C\u00e1c m\u0169i ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng r\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c gi\u1eefa kh\u00f4ng gian chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n gi\u1eef th\u1ebf \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3o, \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00f9 t\u1eeb l\u00fac tr\u1eadn m\u1edf m\u00e0n c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o Gi\u00e1n Kh\u1ea9u, H\u1ea1 H\u1ed3i. . . m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng 1\/3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tr\u1eadn th\u1eafng Xi\u00eam \u1edf R\u1ea1ch G\u1ea7m - Xo\u00e0i M\u00fat 1785, tr\u1eadn th\u1eafng qu\u00e2n Thanh oanh li\u1ec7t \u1edf Th\u0103ng Long (1789) khi k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ecbch c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n, sung s\u1ee9c l\u00e0m cho chi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a vua Quang Trung tr\u1edf n\u00ean oanh li\u1ec7t h\u01a1n. Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch to\u00e0n d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c, to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a binh s\u0129 v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i mang \u0111\u1eadm n\u00e9t m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. \u0110i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u00e1p b\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t huy cao \u0111\u1ed9 khi h\u1ecd t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i n\u0103ng, tinh hoa c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i gom t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i. Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n tin theo. Ng\u00e0y 1 th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 1787, trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c th\u01a1 g\u1eedi v\u1ec1 Ph\u00e1p, Gi\u00e1o s\u0129 Longer \u1edf Thu\u1eadn Ho\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft: \u201cT\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb 15 tu\u1ed5i tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111i l\u00ednh, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0 c\u1ea3, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef th\u00ec s\u1eeda sang c\u1ea7u c\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1, xay th\u00f3c, gi\u00e3 g\u1ea1o\u201d. Gi\u00e1o s\u0129 S\u1ebfrard c\u0169ng ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 sau: \u201c\u0110\u00e0n \u00f4ng th\u00ec \u0111i l\u00ednh, \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 tr\u1ebb con th\u00ec t\u1ea1p d\u1ecbch, k\u1ebb th\u00ec c\u00e0y c\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec xay th\u00f3c gi\u00e3 g\u1ea1o\u201d. Gi\u00e1o s\u0129 Doussain cho bi\u1ebft, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Thu\u1eadn Ho\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u \u201ct\u1eadn xu\u1ea5t vi binh\u201d, t\u1ee9c to\u00e0n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00f2ng qu\u00e2n. \u0110\u00e3 t\u1eebng th\u00fac b\u00e1ch b\u1edfi l\u1ec7nh tuy\u1ec3n qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u1eebng ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i T\u00e2y S\u01a1n, Gi\u00e1o s\u0129 L\u00e9froy trong m\u1ed9t l\u00e1 th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y 6 th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 1789, c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft: \u201cV\u00ec \u00f4ng ta (t\u1ee9c Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7) l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi can \u0111\u1ea3m v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 Alexandre \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebf \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, n\u00ean \u00f4ng l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c xu\u1ea5t chinh \u0111em theo c\u1ea3 thanh thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean v\u00e0 b\u00f4 l\u00e3o m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p. Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t to\u00e1n b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u1ed1m y\u1ebfu h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n chi\u1ebfn binh. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng can g\u00ec, nh\u1eefng binh l\u00ednh kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e2n Trung Hoa v\u00e0o h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m\u201d . Nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e1 th\u01b0 kh\u00e1c g\u1eedi v\u1ec1 Ph\u00e1p, S\u00e9rard c\u0169ng cho bi\u1ebft c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, nh\u01b0 \u201cnh\u00e0 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec b\u1eaft \u0111i l\u00ednh h\u1ebft c\u1ea3, s\u00e1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec \u0111i c\u1ea3 s\u00e1u, n\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec \u0111i c\u1ea3 n\u0103m, kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 gi\u00e0, tr\u1ebb \u1ed1m y\u1ebfu\u201d hay \u201ch\u1ecd b\u1eaft tr\u1ebb con t\u1eeb 7 \u0111\u1ebfn 8 tu\u1ed5i b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0o \u0111o\u00e0n binh c\u1eadn v\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed\u201d (th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y 6 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 1792). Trong \u0111\u1ee3t kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t, t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng l\u01b0u d\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 T\u00e2y S\u01a1n t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Hu\u1ebf v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8 n\u0103m 1988, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n qu\u00fd th\u1eddi T\u00e2y S\u01a1n, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n khai d\u00e2n \u0111inh c\u1ee7a l\u00e0ng Thanh Ph\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1eadp v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 10 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m Quang Trung th\u1ee9 5 (1792) g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 202 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n v\u1ecb th\u00e0nh ni\u00ean. C\u00f2n trong b\u1ea3n khai ng\u00e0y 20 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m Quang Trung th\u1ee9 5 (1792) c\u00f3 khai danh s\u00e1ch t\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi 8 tu\u1ed5i c\u00f3 t\u00e1m ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 b\u1ea3y tu\u1ed5i c\u00f3 5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed9p l\u00ean quan tr\u00ean. Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i T\u00e2y S\u01a1n bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n, ph\u00fa n\u00f4ng, quan ch\u1ee9c, tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c. C\u00f3 c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa gi\u00e1o v\u00e0","Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, n\u00ean trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng qu\u00e2n k\u1ef7, Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 r\u1ea5t ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh nghi\u00eam l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt cao. Sau cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Xi\u00eam th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i, Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng xem nh\u01b0 \u201ct\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u00e0 tr\u1eddi\u201d v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7: \u201cC\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3c, hi\u1ec7u l\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0 l\u1eeda, h\u1ec5 ai ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0o lu\u1eadt c\u1ea5m th\u00ec ch\u00e9m t\u01b0\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng tha, t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u0129 \u0111\u1ec1u kinh s\u1ee3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7n minh\u201d (1). N\u0103m 1786, khi ra Th\u0103ng Long, b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh, h\u1ea1 l\u1ec7nh nghi\u00eam c\u1ea5m qu\u00e2n s\u0129 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01b0\u1edbp b\u00f3c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n (2). v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1787, c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng do V\u0169 V\u0103n Nh\u1eadm ch\u1ec9 huy th\u00ec: \u201cNh\u1eadm th\u1ea3 l\u00ednh l\u00f9ng kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 d\u00e2n \u1edf ph\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a b\u00e1u \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 c\u0169ng l\u1ea5y h\u1ebft\u201d, n\u00ean nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Th\u0103ng Long \u0111\u00e3 ca th\u00e1n: \u201c\u0110\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea3y may c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i n\u00f3n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n che \u00e1o gi\u00e1p c\u1ee7a quan c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng cho, sao nay d\u00e2n gian l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb h\u1ea1i th\u1ebf\u201d (3). L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u0129 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e2u n\u0103m \u1edf Thu\u1eadn Ho\u00e1, trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 g\u1eedi cho Letondal ng\u00e0y 11 th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 1788, La Bartette c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n vi\u1ebft: \u201cqu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb 200 \u0111\u1ebfn 300.000 qu\u00e2n, th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 th\u00ec \u0111a s\u1ed1 b\u1ecdn h\u1ecd b\u1ecb c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u quy\u1ebft t\u1eed k\u1ebb n\u00e0o nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda sau tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecba l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c b\u1ecb ch\u00e9m \u0111\u1ea7u\u201d (4). T\u01b0\u1edbng s\u0129 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng v\u00ec \u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i t\u00e0i ba, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n th\u00e1n ph\u1ee5c \u1edf t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u00e0i \u1ee9ng bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ngay c\u1ea3 Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c c\u0169ng th\u00e1n ph\u1ee5c \u00f4ng. N\u0103m 1786, nghe tin Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 ra Th\u0103ng Long, Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ee9c t\u1ed1c ra \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 phi\u00eau m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a em\u201d, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i ch\u1eefa l\u1eddi r\u1eb1ng: \u201cT\u01b0\u1edbng \u1edf ngo\u00e0i n\u1ebfu g\u1eb7p vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 \u00edch l\u1ee3i cho n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 th\u00ec c\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 \u00fd m\u00e0 l\u00e0m c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, B\u1eafc H\u00e0 kh\u00f3 l\u1ea5y m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 l\u1ea5y ngay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 th\u1ea7n di\u1ec7u trong ph\u00e9p d\u00f9ng binh\u201d (5) Tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n ra \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c Thanh, khi \u0111\u1ebfn Tam \u0110i\u1ec7p, Ng\u00f4 V\u0103n S\u1edf v\u00e0 Phan V\u0103n L\u00e2n ra \u0111\u00f3n v\u00e0 xin ch\u1ecbu t\u1ed9i v\u00ec b\u1ecf 11 tr\u1ea5n cho qu\u00e2n Thanh v\u00e0o vua Quang Trung n\u00f3i: \u201cBinh ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: \u201cqu\u00e2n thua ch\u00e9m t\u01b0\u1edbng\u201d. T\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u1ebft m\u1ed9t v\u1ea1n l\u1ea7n. Song ta nghe c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c h\u1ea1ng v\u00f5 d\u00f5ng ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft gi\u1eb7c l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh, \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c tu\u1ef3 c\u01a1 \u1ee9ng bi\u1ebfn th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e0i\u201d (6). \u0110\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 30 t\u1ebft, Quang Trung m\u1edf ti\u1ec7c khao qu\u00e2n, cho binh s\u0129 \u0103n T\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i b\u00e1o tin v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u0129 r\u1eb1ng: \u201cTa v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i h\u00e3y t\u1ea1m s\u1eeda l\u1ec5 c\u00fang T\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3. \u0110\u1ebfn t\u1ed1i 30 l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u1eb9n \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y m\u1ed3ng 7 n\u0103m m\u1edbi th\u00ec v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh Th\u0103ng Long m\u1edf ti\u1ec7c \u0103n m\u1eebng. C\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i nh\u1edb l\u1ea5y, \u0111\u1eebng cho ta n\u00f3i kho\u00e1c\u201d (7). V\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt, v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng v\u0169 b\u00e3o v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m cao, vua Quang Trung \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n v\u00e0o Th\u0103ng Long \u0103n T\u1ebft v\u00e0o s\u00e1ng m\u1ed3ng 5, s\u1edbm h\u01a1n 2 ng\u00e0y so v\u1edbi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 thi\u00ean t\u00e0i qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7, nh\u01b0ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng binh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u b\u00ed \u1ea9n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1. ___________________ (1) Minh \u0110\u00f4 s\u1eed, Q. 30. (2) Ho\u00e0ng L\u00ea nh\u1ea5t th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ed, t\u1eadp 1, tr. 185, 148. (3) Ho\u00e0ng L\u00ea nh\u1ea5t th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ed, t\u1eadp 1, tr. 44, 185, 148. (4) Th\u01b0 g\u1eedi Letondal, Cochinchine, t\u1eadp 801, tr. 177. (5) (6) Ho\u00e0ng L\u00ea nh\u1ea5t th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ed, t\u1eadp I, tr. 148. (7) Ho\u00e0ng L\u00ea nh\u1ea5t th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ed, S\u0111d, t\u1eadp II, tr. 180, 182. 1. V\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 1786, Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 ra Th\u0103ng Long, ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3 Nh\u1ea1c c\u0169ng ra, c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh T\u00e2y S\u01a1n b\u00e0n r\u00fat lui kh\u1ecfi Th\u0103ng Long nh\u01b0ng s\u1ee3 Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Ch\u1ec9nh bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111i theo. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00f2ng hai ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3, t\u1eeb canh hai c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0y 17 th\u00e1ng 7 (\u00e2m l\u1ecbch), hai v\u1ea1n qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 b\u00ed m\u1eadt tri\u1ec7t tho\u00e1i kh\u1ecfi","Th\u0103ng Long. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 l\u1edbn lao nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3 kinh th\u00e0nh h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 y\u00ean trong gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7, ch\u1ec9 tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 L\u00ea Chi\u00eau Th\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0ng Chi\u00eau Th\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft tin \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0o gi\u1edd G c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u00fat qu\u00e2n, c\u00f2n Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 h\u1ea1 d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ee9c su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ec3 canh ch\u1eebng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng hay bi\u1ebft g\u00ec c\u1ea3! \u0110\u1ebfn canh n\u0103m, qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n ra kh\u1ecfi Th\u0103ng Long xu\u00f4i v\u1ec1 Nam, Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Ch\u1ec9nh m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin \u201ctrong b\u1ee5ng c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 hoang mang, t\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh th\u1ea5t th\u1ebf, \u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m, b\u1ecf m\u00e0 \u0111i th\u00ec c\u0169ng d\u1edf, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1ef7 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thuy\u1ec1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u00e2n, mu\u1ed1n tr\u1ed1n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 tr\u1ed1n, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft n\u00ean \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o\u2019. Trong l\u00fac s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebft nguy c\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u01b0ng Ch\u1ec9nh v\u1eabn t\u1ef1 tr\u1ea5n an: \u201cTa \u0111i kh\u1eafp b\u1ed1n bi\u1ec3n ch\u00edn ch\u00e2u, ch\u1eb3ng l\u1ebd khi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 x\u00f3 b\u1ebfp, l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb chu\u1ed9t ch\u00f9 c\u1eafn ch\u00e2n \u01b0? Kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3? Kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3! Ta c\u1ee9 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y xem sao\u201d (1). Ng\u00e0y 21 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1788, \u0111\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1c Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Tuy\u1ebft mang tin v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n Thanh v\u00e0o chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng \u1edf th\u00e0nh Th\u0103ng Long v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5p b\u00e1o cho Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7, trong khi c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u0129 ho\u1ea3ng h\u1ed1t th\u00ec Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 t\u1ecf ra r\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh th\u1ea3n, \u00f4ng ra l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1eafp \u0111\u00e0n Nam Giao \u1edf n\u00fai B\u00e2n, m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed3i \u1edf ph\u00eda T\u00e2y, c\u1ea1nh n\u00fai Ng\u1ef1 B\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 l\u00ean ng\u00f4i Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng. Ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau (22 th\u00e1ng 12) (2), \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ec5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed h\u00e0nh, h\u01a1n 6 v\u1ea1n ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ec7nh t\u1eadp trung quanh l\u1ec5 \u0111\u00e0n nghe Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ecdc Chi\u1ebfu l\u00ean ng\u00f4i v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 l\u1ec7nh xu\u1ea5t qu\u00e2n. V\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t s\u01a1 s\u00e0i, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n sau 12 ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 m\u00e0 h\u01a1n 6 v\u1ea1n binh s\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ec7nh tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i l\u1ec5 \u0111\u00e0n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 trang b\u1ecb, tinh th\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00e0i t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Quang Trung m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u n\u1ed5i. Ngay tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n, Quang Trung \u0111\u00e3 cho tuy\u1ec3n th\u00eam h\u00e0ng v\u1ea1n binh l\u00ednh, s\u1ed1 t\u00e2n binh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp, trang b\u1ecb tinh th\u1ea7n, v\u0169 kh\u00ed, qu\u00e2n trang, qu\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 khi ra tr\u1eadn gi\u00e1p m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n th\u00f9 m\u00e0 v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n tinh nhu\u1ec7 b\u00e1ch chi\u1ebfn b\u00e1ch th\u1eafng. L\u00fac b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 cho tuy\u1ec3n qu\u00e2n tu\u1ed5i t\u1eeb 15, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Thanh, \u1edf Thu\u1eadn Ho\u00e1 b\u00ecnh Tr\u1ecb Thi\u00ean ng\u00e0y nay), s\u1ed1 t\u00e2n binh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i 12. V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n qu\u00e1 tr\u1ebb nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft Quang Trung \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp v\u00e0 b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, trang b\u1ecb v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n nh\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a gi\u1eb7c Trung Qu\u1ed1c d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Thanh tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c H\u00e1n ho\u00e1. ____________________ (1) Ho\u00e0ng L\u00ea nh\u1ea5t th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ed, t\u1eadp I, tr. 157. (2) Theo b\u00e0i Chi\u1ebfu l\u00ean ng\u00f4i th\u00ec ng\u00e0y 22 th\u00e1ng 11 \u00e2m l\u1ecbch t\u1ee9c v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 19 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1788. 2. V\u1ebf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u0103m 1788, Quang Trung hai l\u1ea7n ra Th\u0103ng Long, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 4 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t t\u00ean ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i V\u00f5 V\u0103n Nh\u1eadm, \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n c\u00f3 150 voi v\u1edbi 100 v\u00f5ng. . . th\u1ebf m\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n ra Th\u0103ng Long ch\u1ec9 \u0111i ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y 10 ng\u00e0y. L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t qu\u00e2n x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c M\u00e3n Thanh, ra \u0111i t\u1eeb Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 22 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1788 \u0111\u1ebfn 30 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 1789 \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0o Th\u0103ng Long, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea5t 40 ng\u00e0y. B\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n th\u01a1 s\u01a1, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111i l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII, tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n l\u1ea1i v\u1eeba tuy\u1ec3n qu\u00e2n, b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u1ee9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, v\u1eeba \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbch tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 Th\u0103ng Long \u1edf tuy\u1ebfn ph\u00eda Nam, d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c g\u1ea7n 100 km, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbch, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i x\u1ea3y ra nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn. Ri\u00eang \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn Ngh\u1ec7 An d\u00e0i h\u01a1n 300 km m\u00e0 ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n di chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea5t 4 ng\u00e0y. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n b\u1ed9, qu\u00e2n thu\u1ef7 v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng binh \u0111\u1ec1u ra qu\u00e2n c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac \u1edf Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u1eb9n t\u1eadp k\u1ebft \u1edf Tam \u0110i\u1ec7p tr\u01b0\u1edbc T\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng tri\u1ec3n khai l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng, qu\u00e2n b\u1ed9 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee9 3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc c\u00e1ng, thay phi\u00ean nhau \u0111\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n (hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e1nh m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eb1m). Nh\u01b0ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, vi\u1ec7c di chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng nhanh, kh\u00f4ng an","to\u00e0n, c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u00f3 ch\u0103ng l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, v\u0169 kh\u00ed, qu\u00e2n nhu ho\u1eb7c l\u00fac r\u00fat qu\u00e2n, ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 mang theo nh\u1eefng th\u01b0\u01a1ng binh tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc c\u00e1ng? Nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eaft ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u201ch\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n nh\u01b0 bay\u201d \u201cxu\u1ea5t qu\u1ef7 nh\u1eadp th\u1ea7n\u201d c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n C\u00f4ng X\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn, X\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi Ng\u00f4 Nho: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y S\u01a1n h\u00e0nh binh nh\u01b0 bay, ti\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n r\u1ea5t g\u1ea5p, xem h\u1ecd \u0111i l\u1ea1i v\u00f9n v\u1ee5t mau ch\u00f3ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7n, ch\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111u\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 k\u1ecbp, x\u01b0a nay ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng nghe n\u00f3i c\u00f3 gi\u1eb7c n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf\u201d (1). Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 lo s\u1ee3 l\u1ed1i h\u00e0nh binh c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n. Ng\u00e0y 11 th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 1788, trong m\u1ed9t l\u00e1 th\u01b0 g\u1eedi cho \u00f4ng Letondal, gi\u00e1o s\u0129 La Bartette c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft: \u201ct\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 cu\u1ed9c vi\u1ec5n chinh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p khi n\u00e0o s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i s\u1ee3 r\u1eb1ng qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00ec khinh th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecdn n\u00e0y (T\u00e2y S\u01a1n) v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng am hi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh binh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n bi th\u1ea3m\u201d (2). Tr\u00ean tuy\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n t\u1eeb Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n ra Th\u0103ng Long, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 b\u1ecb c\u1eaft ngang b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng s\u00f4ng l\u1edbn (l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 c\u1ea7u) l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 cho vi\u1ec7c di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n b\u1ed9, c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111o\u00e0n voi chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ng\u1ef1a chi\u1ebfn mu\u1ed1n qua s\u00f4ng qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng, ngo\u00e0i con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u1edf mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai d\u00e0nh cho voi \u0111i (th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f3 v\u00e0 ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n), nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng hai b\u00ean b\u1edd s\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 gh\u00e9p thuy\u1ec1n l\u00f3t v\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 binh s\u0129, voi v\u00e0 ng\u1ef1a di chuy\u1ec3n qua s\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 \u0111i tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc c\u1ea7u phao d\u00e3 chi\u1ebfn, c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t s\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n. Cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n t\u1eeb Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n ra B\u1eafc ch\u1ed1ng gi\u1eb7c Thanh \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0o l\u00fac gi\u00f3 m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc, d\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng \u0111o\u00e0n thuy\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfn T\u00e2y S\u01a1n v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u1ed9i thuy\u1ec1n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u0111i l\u1ec7ch gi\u00f3 theo h\u00ecnh Z n\u00ean thuy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u0103ng bu\u1ed3m v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Quang Trung \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n n\u00f3i tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng? Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, Quang Trung \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ti\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i binh ch\u1ee7ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u1ea7n t\u1ed1c, \u0111\u1ec3 khi t\u1eadp k\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n n\u00fai Tam \u0110i\u1ec7p, binh s\u0129 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng m\u1ecfi m\u1ec7t, c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb, \u00fd ch\u00ed v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh tan t\u00e0nh trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u00e2n K\u1ef7 D\u1eadu (1789). C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Quang Trung \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n n\u00f3i tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng? Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, Quang Trung \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ti\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i binh ch\u1ee7ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u1ea7n t\u1ed1c, \u0111\u1ec3 khi t\u1eadp k\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n n\u00fai Tam \u0110i\u1ec7p, binh s\u0129 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng m\u1ecfi m\u1ec7t, c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb, \u00fd ch\u00ed v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh tan t\u00e0nh trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u00e2n K\u1ef7 D\u1eadu (1789). _______________________ (1) Ho\u00e0ng L\u00ea nh\u1ea5t th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ed, tr. 47. (2) T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i \u1edf Paris, Cochinchine, t\u1eadp 102, tr. 176. 3. Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 trang b\u1ecb, ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y h\u1ed3i b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh k\u1ecbp. Ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00f5 trang d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Quang Trung l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n. Thuy\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfn: Nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u cho bi\u1ebft, m\u1ed9t thuy\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfn T\u00e2y S\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb 700 \u0111\u1ebfn 800 thu\u1ef7 th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 mang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 60 - 70 \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e1c. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 thuy\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y trang b\u1ecb cho Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh ch\u1ec9 ch\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eebng 30 \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e1c v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 thu\u1ef7 th\u1ee7 ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda m\u00e0 th\u00f4t. Barizy, m\u1ed9t s\u0129 quan ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p t\u1eebng \u201cgi\u00fap\u201d cho Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng, trong tr\u1eadn Th\u1ecb N\u1ea1i n\u0103m 1801, qu\u00e2n Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p \u0111\u1ed9i thu\u1ef7 qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 \u1edf c\u1eeda c\u1ea3ng, c\u00f3 9 thuy\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1i l\u1edbn, m\u1ed7i thuy\u1ec1n trang b\u1ecb 60 \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 500 l\u00ednh, 40 thuy\u1ec1n lo\u00e0i nh\u1ecf m\u1ed7i thuy\u1ec1n mang 16 \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 200 l\u00ednh (1).","V\u1eabn theo Barizy th\u00ec trong tr\u1eadn thu\u1ef7 chi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y, qu\u00e2n Nguy\u1ec5n \u00e1nh c\u00f3 26 thuy\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfn, m\u1ed7i chi\u1ebfc ch\u1edf 1 \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e1c v\u00e0 200 l\u00ednh. Chaigneau, m\u1ed9t s\u0129 quan H\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p theo Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng va ch\u1ea1m v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n, m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn. Chaigneau vi\u1ebft: \u201cTr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y thu\u1ef7 qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch, t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t khinh th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u00f4ng r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thuy\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfn mang t\u1eeb 50 \u0111\u1ebfn 60 \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e1c c\u1ee1 l\u1edbn\u201d (2). V\u1eady \u1edf b\u00ean b\u1edd \u0111\u1ea7m Th\u1ecb N\u1ea1i, d\u1ecdc theo s\u00f4ng H\u01b0\u01a1ng, s\u00f4ng Gianh. . . l\u00e0 n\u01a1i T\u00e2y S\u01a1n cho l\u1eadp c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng x\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3ng thuy\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfn. \u0110\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u? Hi\u1ec7n c\u00f2n v\u1ebft t\u00edch g\u00ec? M\u1ed9t m\u1eabu thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n c\u00f9ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh ra l\u00e0m sao? C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh s\u01b0 v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gia \u0111\u00f3ng thuy\u1ec1n th\u1eddi T\u00e2y S\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ai, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f3? Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i chi ti\u1ebft do gi\u00e1o s\u0129 S\u00e9rard ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 vi\u1ebft t\u1ea1i l\u00e0ng L\u1eef \u0110\u0103ng ch\u00e2u B\u1ed1 Ch\u00e1nh (Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh) ng\u00e0y 17 th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 1791, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 huy \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ee9c d\u00e2n trong vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p g\u1ed7 \u0111\u00f3ng thuy\u1ec1n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh Nguy\u1ec5n \u00e1nh nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cB\u1edfi v\u1eady, \u00f4ng (Quang Trung) ra l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00f3ng bi\u1ebft m\u1ea5y tr\u0103m \u201cghe sai\u201d hay nhi\u1ec1u chi\u1ebfn thuy\u1ec1n. Ri\u00eang \u1edf B\u1ed1 Ch\u00e1nh, n\u01a1i t\u00f4i c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 t\u1eeb 15 ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng h\u01a1n 100 ghe . . . s\u1ed1 v\u00e1n g\u1ed7 cung c\u1ea5p cho vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 2.500 t\u1ea5m, m\u1ed7i t\u1ea5m ph\u1ea3i d\u00e0i t\u1eeb 30 \u0111\u1ebfn 35 th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0i ph\u00e2n (3), n\u1ebfu mua th\u00ec m\u1ed7i t\u1ea5m gi\u00e1 15 quan\u201d. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t trong 3 th\u00e1ng\u201d. Voi chi\u1ebfn: T\u1eeb thu\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, Hai B\u00e0 Tr\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 huy \u0111\u1ed9ng voi v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. B\u00e0 Tri\u1ec7u c\u01b0\u1ee1i voi \u0111i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c Ng\u00f4. Nh\u01b0ng ph\u00e1t huy h\u1ebft kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi T\u00e2y S\u01a1n, Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7, B\u00f9i Th\u1ecb Xu\u00e2n. . . l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00ednh ch\u1ec9 huy t\u01b0\u1ee3ng binh xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc. Voi T\u00e2y S\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1edf 13 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang theo c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e1c tr\u00ean m\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c k\u00e9o theo sau. Do \u0111\u00f3, voi T\u00e2y S\u01a1n v\u1eeba l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea3 l\u1ef1c, xung tr\u1eadn theo nh\u1ecbp tr\u1ed1ng tr\u1eadn v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng t\u00f9 v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 huy. V\u00f2i voi v\u00e0 th\u00e2n voi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng qu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0 ch\u00e0 n\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i v\u1eadt khi ch\u00fang m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7 cho b\u1ed9 binh ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean. _______________________ (1) Th\u01b0 vi\u1ebft ng\u00e0y 11 th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1804, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u AMEP, t\u1eadp 801, tr. 867. (2) D\u1eabn theo Cadi\u00e8re, Documents relatfs \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque de Gia Long, B.E.F. E.O, 1912, tr. 867. (3) 1 ph\u00e2n = 1 th\u1ed1n = 2,7 cm \u0110\u1ed9i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng binh T\u00e2y S\u01a1n d\u0169ng m\u00e3nh trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Thanh l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng khi\u1ebfp s\u1ee3. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0a qu\u00e2n sang x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, qu\u00e2n Thanh \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0y tr\u1eadn voi gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ng\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u1eadp l\u00e0m quen. Trong 8 \u0111i\u1ec1u qu\u00e2n lu\u1eadt m\u00e0 T\u00f4n S Ngh\u1ecb ban b\u1ed1, \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u (\u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 4), h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ed1ng voi chi\u1ebfn T\u00e2y S\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, khi nghe \u0111\u1ed3n Ng\u1ecdc H\u1ed3i b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh, \u0111o\u00e0n ng\u1ef1a chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n Thanh v\u1eeba m\u1edbi ra tr\u1eadn, th\u1ea5y m\u1eb7t voi T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ed ch\u1ea1y, gi\u1eabm \u0111\u1ea1p l\u00ean nhau v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1p lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 danh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean tri\u1ec1u l\u00e0m T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb h\u1ed1t ho\u1ea3ng, li\u1ec1n b\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y qua b\u00ean kia s\u00f4ng Nh\u1ecb, v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng cho c\u1eaft lu\u00f4n c\u1ea7u phao t\u1ea1o ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i v\u1eadt cho cu\u1ed9c truy b\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng binh T\u00e2y S\u01a1n. V\u1eady vi\u1ec7c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n voi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng binh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 voi chi\u1ebfn T\u00e2y S\u01a1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh lo\u1ea1i \u201cvua chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Thanh? V\u0169 kh\u00ed: M\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1o binh T\u00e2y S\u01a1n n\u1ed5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u1eadp m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y c\u1ed5 th\u1ee5, ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3ng th\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng g\u1ea1ch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, h\u01a1n h\u1eafn lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e1c c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX. N\u0103m 1786, khi qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n ra Th\u0103ng Long ch\u1eb7n \u0111u\u1ed5i b\u1ecdn quan l\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 L\u00ea, l\u00ednh B\u1eafc H\u00e0 t\u1eadn m\u1eaft ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn t\u00e1c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e1c T\u00e2y S\u01a1n: \u201cB\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean nghe ti\u1ebfng s\u00fang \u1ea7m \u1ea7m nh\u01b0 s\u1ea5m, kh\u00f3i l\u1eeda ng\u00fat tr\u1eddi, qu\u00e2n l\u00ednh ho\u1ea3ng s\u1ee3, \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i nhao l\u00ean r\u1eb1ng \u201cgi\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eb7n m\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 r\u1ed3i\u201d (1). Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ho\u1ea3 h\u1ed5, m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 v\u0169 kh\u00ed ch\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng thu\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i s\u00fang tung l\u1eeda, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 t\u00ean l\u1eeda th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng b\u1eafn v\u00e0o k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ecbch,","bi\u1ebfn t\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh c\u00e2y \u0111u\u1ed1c s\u1ed1ng, l\u00e0m m\u1ed3i l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eafn ph\u00e1 th\u00e0nh lu\u1ef9, \u0111\u1ed1t dinh tr\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch. Lo\u1ea1i v\u0169 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 binh ch\u1ee7ng l\u1ee5c qu\u00e2n. Ho\u1ea3 h\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf m\u00e0n cho th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i trong tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh qu\u00e2n Tr\u1ecbnh \u1edf Th\u0103ng Long v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1786, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 ghi l\u1ea1i tr\u1eadn \u00e1c chi\u1ebfn \u1edf cung T\u00e2y Long nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cC\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n Tr\u1ecbnh th\u1ea5y m\u0169i gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y S\u01a1n qu\u00e1 s\u1eafc li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ed5i, c\u1ed1 s\u1ee9c l\u1ea5y s\u00fang l\u1edbn b\u1eafn ra, qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00fai \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1n m\u00e0 nh\u1ea3y v\u00e0o. Ch\u00faa Tr\u1ecbnh m\u1eb7c nhung ph\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean voi ph\u1ea5t c\u1edd h\u1ed3ng th\u00fac c\u00e1c qu\u00e2n. Qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n l\u1ea5y \u00f4ng H\u1ecfa h\u1ed5 tung ra, qu\u00e2n Tr\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec1u tan v\u1ee1, v\u1ee9t g\u01b0\u01a1m, b\u1ecf gi\u00e1o, x\u00f4 nhau ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 n\u00fai \u0111\u1ed5 (2). Qu\u00e2n Thanh nghe ti\u1ebfng Ho\u1ea3 h\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y S\u01a1n c\u0169ng khi\u1ebfp s\u1ee3, n\u00ean trong 8 \u0111i\u1ec1u qu\u00e2n lu\u1eadt, c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 5 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i Ho\u1ea3 h\u1ed5 nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cQu\u00e2n Nam kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00ec kh\u00e1c, to\u00e0n d\u00f9ng \u1ed1ng phun l\u1eeda l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i kh\u00ed, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ho\u1ea3 h\u1ed5\u201d. Khi hai qu\u00e2n gi\u00e1p nhau, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft h\u1ecd d\u00f9ng th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta, bu\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat lui. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00e0i ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ebf th\u00f4i, so v\u1edbi s\u00fang \u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ta th\u00ec h\u1ecd k\u00e9m r\u1ea5t ra. Hi\u1ec7n nay, ta ch\u1ebf s\u1eb5n v\u00e0i tr\u0103m l\u00e1 ch\u1eafn da tr\u00e2u s\u1ed1ng. N\u1ebfu g\u1eb7p Ho\u1ea3 h\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nam phun l\u1eeda, th\u00ec qu\u00e2n tay c\u1ea7m l\u00e1 ch\u1eafn \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee1 l\u1eeda m\u1ed9t tay c\u1ea7m dao ch\u00e9m b\u1eeba ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang b\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y tan t\u00e1c\u201d. M\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng Ho\u1ea3 h\u1ed5 l\u00e0 \u201cr\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf\u201d trang b\u1ecb cho thu\u1ef7 qu\u00e2n. R\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i b\u00e3i ch\u00e1y d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e1nh ho\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed1t binh thuy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch m\u00e0 tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh ho\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng do Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 ch\u1ec9 huy \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y t\u00e0u chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Manuel \u1edf chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1782. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn ho\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng \u201cr\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf\u201d ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c nh\u1ea5t. ________________________ (1) Ho\u00e0ng L\u00ea nh\u1ea5t th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ed, t\u1eadp II, tr. 121. (2) Minh \u0110\u00f4 s\u1eed, Q. 32. Ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb s\u00fang c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i s\u00fang ng\u1eafn c\u00f3 mi\u1ec7ng loe, b\u1eafn t\u1eebng ph\u00e1t m\u1ed9t, t\u1ea7m b\u1eafn ch\u1eebng v\u00e0i tr\u0103m m\u00e9t, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa xung l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ho\u1ea3 l\u1ef1c m\u1ed7i khi t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ghi r\u1eb1ng, ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u00fang m\u00e1y li\u00ean thanh v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c ph\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eafn s\u1eadp c\u1ea3 c\u1ed9t bu\u1ed3m c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbch. Tr\u1eadn do Ng\u00f4 V\u0103n S\u1edf ch\u1ec9 huy \u0111\u00e1nh qu\u00e2n Nguy\u1ec5n Vi\u1ec7t Tuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1788 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 sau: V\u0103n S\u1edf gi\u01b0\u01a1ng cao c\u1edd chi\u1ebfn, xung th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o tr\u1eadn, s\u00fang b\u1eafn li\u00ean thanh ph\u00e1t n\u00e0o tr\u00fang kh\u00f3i bay, n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ee7i. M\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t bu\u1ed3m b\u1ed7ng ng\u00e3 xu\u1ed1ng, qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n b\u1ed7ng reo vang nh\u01b0 s\u1ea5m d\u1eady. Ch\u1ed1c sau nh\u0169ng c\u1ed9t bu\u1ed3m kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng ng\u00e3 xu\u1ed1ng (1). C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u0169 kh\u00ed tr\u00ean, v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c, x\u1ea1 n\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o n\u00f3i r\u00f5. 4. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh b\u00e1o. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n n\u0103m 1786, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i oanh li\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch xu\u00e2n K\u1ef7 D\u1eadu (1789) l\u00e0 nh\u1edd Quang Trung \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n t\u00ecnh b\u00e1o gi\u1ecfi, nhanh nh\u1eb9n, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 Quang Trung n\u1eafm ch\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbch, r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft chi\u1ebfn tranh. Quang Trung ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u201cqu\u00e2n l\u00ednh c\u1ed1t ho\u00e0 thu\u1eadn ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1t \u0111\u00f4ng, c\u1ed1t tinh nhu\u1ec7 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1t nhi\u1ec1u\u201d. Khi ra h\u1ed9i binh \u1edf Tam \u0110i\u1ec7p, Quang Trung tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1. \u201cL\u1ea7n n\u00e0y ta ra tr\u1eadn, h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n, ch\u1eb3ng qua m\u01b0\u01a1i ng\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111u\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e2n Thanh \u201c (2) M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng Ch\u1ea1p n\u0103m M\u1eadu Th\u00e2n (1788), Quang Trung cho binh s\u0129 \u0103n T\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ee3i sang xu\u00e2n ng\u00e0y m\u1ed3ng 7 v\u00e0o Th\u0103ng Long s\u1ebd m\u1edf ti\u1ec7c l\u1edbn, c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i h\u00e3y nh\u1edb l\u1ea5y l\u1eddi ta xem ta n\u00f3i c\u00f3 sai kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 sai \u0111\u1ea5y!\u201d (3). \u0110\u00eam 30 T\u1ebft, Quang Trung m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o Gi\u00e1n Kh\u1ea9u ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec7t g\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed9i th\u00e1m b\u00e1o \u201cQu\u00e2n t\u00ecnh b\u00e1o nh\u00e0 Thanh b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh \u00fap b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd, b\u1eaft g\u1ecdn c\u1ea3 v\u00e0 gi\u1ebft s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ee9t tuy\u1ec7t tin t\u1ee9c qu\u00e2n b\u00e1o\u201d. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t huy t\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n t\u00ecnh","b\u00e1o T\u00e2y S\u01a1n, Quang Trung kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00e1c m\u1eadt tin t\u1eeb trong n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbch, \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p cho vua Quang Trung bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: Ng\u00e0y m\u1ed3ng 6 th\u00e1ng Gi\u00eang, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbch t\u1eeb Th\u0103ng Long s\u1ebd k\u00e9o v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1nh Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n. Bi\u1ebft tin, Quang Trung \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0a chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng ra t\u1eadn b\u1eafc H\u00e0 v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m v\u00e0o \u0103n T\u1ebft \u1edf Th\u0103ng Long ng\u00e0y m\u1ed3ng 7 v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt tr\u01b0a m\u1ed3ng 5 T\u1ebft, Quang Trung v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t gi\u1eefa kinh th\u00e0nh, s\u1edbm h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y so v\u1edbi ng\u00e0y ch\u00fang quy \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00e9o qu\u00e2n v\u00e0o Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n. Nh\u1edd c\u00f3 tin t\u00ecnh b\u00e1o cho bi\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ecbch s\u1ebd m\u1edf hai m\u0169i ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng, qu\u00e2n b\u1ed9 t\u1eeb Th\u0103ng Long, qu\u00e2n thu\u1ef7 t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c k\u00e9o v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1nh Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n sau T\u1ebft n\u00ean Quang Trung v\u1eeba chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb chu \u0111\u00e1o cho Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7, v\u1eeba b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 Kinh \u0111\u00f4 v\u00e0 m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t Thu\u1eadn Ho\u00e1 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, Quang Trung c\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n ra B\u1eafc quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0a chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed1ng Thanh ra Th\u0103ng Long, ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e3o x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Nh\u1edd c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh b\u00e1o gi\u1ecfi, Quang Trung bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eebng c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00f2ng v\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb t\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u0169 kh\u00ed, chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng. _________________ (1) Minh \u0110\u00f4 s\u1eed, Q. 40. (2) Ho\u00e0ng L\u00ea nh\u1ea5t th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ed, t\u1eadp II, tr. 181. (3). \u0110\u1ea1i Nam ch\u00ednh bi\u00ean li\u1ec7t truy\u1ec7n, Q. 30, t. 33a, 34a. V\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3n H\u00e0 H\u1ed3i (c\u00e1ch Th\u0103ng Long 30 km), n\u1eeda \u0111\u1ebfm ng\u00e0y m\u1ed3ng 3 T\u1ebft (28 - 1 - 1789), Quang Trung cho binh s\u0129 b\u00ed m\u1eadt b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd v\u00e2y ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed3n lu\u1ef9. \u1ede trong \u0111\u1ed3n qu\u00e2n gi\u1eb7c h\u1ed1t ho\u1ea3ng, n\u1eeda h\u01b0 n\u1eeda th\u1ef1c. Quang Trung b\u1eafc loa g\u1ecdi h\u00e0ng, nghe l\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a Quang Trung, binh s\u0129 d\u1ea1 v\u00e2ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ea5m, \u201c\u0111\u1ecbch kinh ho\u00e0ng\u201d ai n\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ee5ng r\u1eddi, s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, li\u1ec1n xin ra h\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ed3n H\u00e0 H\u1ed3i b\u1ecb h\u1ea1 trong ch\u1ed1c l\u00e1t, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1n, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdt m\u00e1u. V\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3n Ng\u1ecdc H\u1ed3i (c\u00e1ch Th\u0103ng Long 14 km), qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbch ph\u00f2ng b\u1ecb r\u1ea5t ki\u00ean c\u1ed1. Quang Trung cho th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh d\u1eef d\u1ed9i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00ean nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Th\u0103ng Long mang v\u00e1n, r\u01a1m ra \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9. V\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng chi\u1ebfc m\u1ed9t nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng phi\u1ebfn gh\u00e9p che t\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9i ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o tinh nhu\u1ec7 mang \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u1eefng phi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc thang leo, ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1ea3m t\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9i voi chi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e1c x\u1ea1 k\u00edch ph\u00e1 th\u00e0nh. V\u1edbi l\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ea7n t\u1ed1c, t\u00e0i t\u00ecnh \u1ea5y, l\u00e0m t\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edbng T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb ph\u1ea3i kinh ho\u00e0ng, h\u1eafn th\u1ed1t l\u00ean: \u201cSao m\u00e0 th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf\u201d. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Thanh c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00ecnh b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y S\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n \u201cth\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng\u201d \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh n\u00e0o ch\u1ec9 huy? Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, ch\u01b0a m\u1ed9t ai bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn. 5. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n Nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n vi\u1ec5n chinh trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn ti\u1ec1n c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi th\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Qu\u00e2n Tr\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1nh qu\u00e2n Nguy\u1ec5n \u1edf v\u00f9ng s\u00f4ng Gianh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a theo c\u1ea3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, v\u1ee3 con \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea3i l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c cho ch\u1ed3ng. Qu\u00e2n Thanh x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t t\u00ean l\u00ednh \u0111i k\u00e8m theo hai t\u00ean d\u00e2n binh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n, c\u00f2n ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh ra Th\u0103ng Long, v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n th\u1ea7n t\u1ed1c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n s\u1ebd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u cho bi\u1ebft, ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7, \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb trong d\u00e2n, d\u00e2n gi\u00fap, d\u00e2n nu\u00f4i? Hi\u1ec7n nay d\u00e2n nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e0ng \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i c\u00f3 t\u1ee5c l\u1ec7 sau khi n\u1ea5u b\u00e1nh ch\u01b0ng xong, v\u1ee9t xu\u1ed1ng ao \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y m\u00f9ng 5 T\u1ebft m\u1edbi l\u1ea5y n\u00ean \u0103n. T\u1ee5c n\u00e0y b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1nh qu\u00e2n Thanh \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1789. D\u00e2n Th\u0103ng Long l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ea5u b\u00e1nh ch\u01b0ng v\u1ee9t xu\u1ed1ng h\u1ed3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e2n Thanh kh\u00f4ng c\u01b0\u1edbp l\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y m\u1ed3ng 5 T\u1ebft, qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n ra \u0111\u00e1nh, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n mang ra \u0111\u1ec3 khao qu\u00e2n. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng, nh\u1edd h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n v\u00e0o d\u1ecbp T\u1ebft n\u00ean ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01a1i","tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n mang b\u00e1nh ch\u01b0ng ra \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3n ti\u1ebfp. C\u00f3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u cho r\u1eb1ng, ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u00e1nh tr\u00e1ng nh\u1eb9 l\u00e0m l\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ec7n mang theo n\u00ean sau ng\u00e0y th\u1eafng tr\u1eadn \u0110\u1ed1ng \u0110a, lo\u1ea1i b\u00e1nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u00e1nh \u0110a- m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n \u0103n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh, qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a T\u00e2y S\u01a1n. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u cho r\u1eb1ng, \u1edf l\u00e0ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng Xu\u00e2n n\u1edbi c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u00fac n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9 Hu\u1ebf, d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi T\u00e2y S\u01a1n, c\u00e1c th\u1ee3 \u0111\u00fac \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 n\u1ed3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eeba n\u1ea5u (th\u1ed5i c\u01a1m) v\u1eeba di chuy\u1ec3n, m\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng h\u1ed9i xu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n l\u00e0ng C\u1ea3nh D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u01b0u gi\u1eef. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed hay ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng do l\u00f2ng c\u1ea3m ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi sau nh\u1eb1m g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 nh\u1eefng b\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n th\u1ea7n t\u1ed1c v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng oanh li\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Quang Trung. M\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c qu\u00e1 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00ean b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n Quang Trung c\u00f9ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng binh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh ho\u00e1 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi t\u00f4n \u00f4ng l\u00e0 anh h\u00f9ng, l\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n, l\u00e0 Tr\u1eddi v\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 k\u00ec di\u1ec7u m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c.","HO\u00c0I B\u00c3O C\u1ee6A VUA QUANG TRUNG N\u1eeda sau th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. Nho gi\u00e1o v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 c\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp quan l\u1ea1i d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ecb d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ngay tr\u00ean ch\u00ednh th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Ph\u1ea1m C\u00f4ng Th\u1ebf, sau khi tham gia cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Duy M\u1eadt th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng n\u1eb1m trong tay qu\u00e2n Tr\u1ecbnh v\u1eabn kh\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1i n\u00f3i: \u201cDanh ph\u1eadn ch\u01b0a s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e2u r\u1ed3i, c\u00f2n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 thu\u1eadn ngh\u1ecbch n\u1eefa\u201d . Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Ng\u00f4 Tr\u1ecdng Khu\u00ea gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0 d\u01b0\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u L\u00ea - Tr\u1ecbnh, khi v\u1ec1 h\u01b0u \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed1i h\u1eadn \u201ct\u00f4i l\u00fac nh\u1ecf l\u1eadp ch\u00ed sai l\u1ea7m, theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1eed nghi\u1ec7p, tr\u1ed9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed7 l\u00e0m nh\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u0129 ho\u1ea1n, bi\u1ebft vinh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft nh\u1ee5c, bi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft tho\u00e1i, l\u1ea7n l\u1eefa tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kinh s\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m?\u201d V\u1eady \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Ph\u1ea1m C\u00f4ng Th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 ch\u1ed1ng tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh L\u00ea - Tr\u1ecbnh, khi b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u1eabn x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng sai, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec l\u00e0m cho ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Ng\u00f4 Tr\u1ecdng Khu\u00ea - m\u1ed9t quan l\u1ea1i cao c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e3 cho m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m khi v\u1ec1 h\u01b0u r\u1ed3i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n kinh s\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00fd lu\u1eadn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng sai, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ecdi t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp quan li\u00eau s\u00e2u m\u1ecdt, sa \u0111o\u1ea1, s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u00e0 Ng\u00f4 Tr\u1ecdng Khu\u00ea hay b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai \u0111\u00e3 tham gia v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y cai tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3, khi t\u1ec9nh ng\u1ed9, bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh sai nh\u01b0ng s\u1eeda th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 mu\u1ed9n. C\u00e1i t\u1ed9i l\u00e0m quan \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u00f4ng kinh s\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m! V\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed s\u1ebd ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t c\u1ea3 t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n vua L\u00ea - ch\u00faa Tr\u1ecbnh. M\u00f9a h\u00e8 n\u0103m 1786, khi nghe tin Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 ra Th\u0103ng Long, ch\u00faa Tr\u1ecbnh b\u1ecf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ea1y, 9 th\u1edbt voi, h\u01a1n 10 con ng\u1ef1a v\u00e0 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n qu\u00e2n h\u1ed9 t\u1ed1ng ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ebfn T\u1eeb Li\u00eam, th\u00ec m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 cao ch\u1ea1y xa bay, khi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u00f4ng Ng\u00e0n th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i 5, 6 vi\u00ean ho\u1ea1n quan theo ch\u00faa. Ch\u00faa nghi ng\u1edd c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eb3ng l\u00e0nh s\u1eafp x\u1ea3y ra li\u1ec1n t\u00ecm h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf trong v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea7u n\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1eady. Vi\u00ean thu\u1ed9c quan L\u00fd Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Trang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbp ra m\u1eaft ch\u00faa. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ed9 tung t\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Sau \u0111\u00f3, Qu\u00e1n t\u1eeb bi\u1ec7t ch\u00faa, giao cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 c\u0169 l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Trang \u0111\u01b0a 50 qu\u00e2n m\u1ed9 h\u1ed9 v\u1ec7 ch\u00faa cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an to\u00e0n. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1edbi \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, Trang \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00faa v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 tra h\u1ecft. Ch\u00faa ng\u00e1n ng\u1ea9m s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eddi n\u00ean \u0111\u00e0nh nh\u1eadn m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u0110oan Nam V\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u1ecbnh T\u00f4ng. Trang \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00faa h\u1ed3i kinh v\u00e0 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i b\u00e1o v\u1edbi T\u00e2y S\u01a1n. Nghe tin ch\u00faa b\u1ecb b\u1eaft, L\u00fd Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 ch\u00faa b\u1ecb n\u1ea1n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o Trang: \u201cCh\u00faa l\u00e0 ch\u00faa chung c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean h\u1ea1, m\u00e0 ta l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y anh, vua t\u00f4i l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a l\u1edbn, sao anh l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf\u201d. Trang \u0111\u00e1p: \u201cQuan l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1edbc, khi\u1ebfn t\u00f4i tr\u00f3t l\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p ch\u00faa. N\u1ebfu ch\u00faa tr\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t \u1edf tay t\u00f4i, r\u1ed3i n\u1eefa qu\u00e2n Nam \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecfi t\u1ed9i t\u00f4i, li\u1ec7u quan l\u1edbn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n b\u1ea1ch cho t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng? S\u1ee3 th\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng s\u1ee3 gi\u1eb7c, y\u00eau ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng y\u00eau th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 cho quan l\u1edbn l\u00e0m cho l\u1ee1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e2u\\\" Th\u1ebf m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i gi\u1ec1ng m\u1ed1i \u201ctam c\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d: qu\u00e2n - th\u1ea7n, s\u01b0 - ph\u1ee5, ph\u1ee5 - t\u1eed t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Nho gi\u00e1o, gi\u1edd b\u1ecb tan hoang tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng d\u1eady m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i T\u00f4i tham v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng Nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n - cu\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ed1n b\u1ecb tri\u1ec1n mi\u00ean \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf, kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. V\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh vua L\u00ea Chi\u00eau Th\u1ed1ng b\u1ecb l\u1ed9t c\u1ea3 ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1m qu\u00e2n th\u1ea7n \u201ctrung ngh\u0129a\u201d d\u01b0\u1edbi tay vua. Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Ch\u1ec9nh v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 qu\u00e2n th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh L\u00ea - Tr\u1ecbnh, b\u1ecf L\u00ea - Tr\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o Quy Nh\u01a1n theo T\u00e2y S\u01a1n. N\u0103m 1786 \u0111\u01b0a T\u00e2y S\u01a1n ra Th\u0103ng Long \u0111\u00e1nh L\u00ea - Tr\u1ecbnh. Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 bi\u1ebft Ch\u1ec9nh l\u00e0 k\u1ebb mang t\u00e2m ph\u1ea3n ph\u00fac n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0a qu\u00e2n tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 Ch\u1ec9nh m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh \u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi Th\u0103ng Long cho d\u00e2n B\u1eafc H\u00e0 tr\u1ecb t\u1ed9i.","Lo\u1ea1n n\u1ed5i l\u00ean kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i, Chi\u00eau Th\u1ed1ng m\u1eddi Ch\u1ec9nh v\u1ec1 cung \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng th\u00eam qu\u00e2n l\u1ef1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebf. L\u00fac V\u0169 V\u0103n Nh\u1eadm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 c\u1eed ra h\u1ecfi t\u1ed9i Ch\u1ec9nh, Ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u01b0a vua L\u00ea Chi\u00eau Th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ed1n l\u00ean Kinh B\u1eafc. Ch\u1ec9nh l\u00ean thuy\u1ec1n qua tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 vua v\u00e0 th\u00e1i h\u1eadu l\u1ea1i b\u00ean n\u00e0y s\u00f4ng. Trong \u0111\u1ebfm t\u1ed1i, ch\u1edd l\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thuy\u1ec1n, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y Ch\u1ec9nh tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i L\u00ea Chi\u00eau Th\u1ed1ng hoang mang, vua L\u00ea g\u1ecdi tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 Kinh B\u1eafc l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n C\u1ea3nh Th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecft. Th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e2u: \u201cC\u00e1c thuy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u , b\u1ec7 h\u1ea1 mu\u1ed1n sang s\u00f4ng g\u1ea5p th\u00ec xin cho th\u1ea7n \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0ng l\u1ee5a m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu\u00ea \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e1ng mai v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u00e2y, gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed qu\u00e2n gi\u1eb7c \u0111u\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ebfn, th\u1ea7n xin d\u00f9ng th\u00f9ng g\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a b\u1ec7 h\u1ea1 qua s\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 e nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3 ng\u1ef1 d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 th\u00f4i\u201d. Vua n\u00f3i: Tr\u1eabm c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfc c\u00e1i g\u00ec n\u1eefa. . R\u1ed3i sai m\u1edf h\u00f2m cho Th\u01b0\u1edbc xem Trong h\u00f2m ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 con d\u1ea5u truy\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 40 l\u1ea1ng v\u00e0ng m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Vua n\u00f3i: Tu\u1ef3 nh\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u01a1i, mu\u1ed1n l\u1ea5y g\u00ec th\u00ec l\u1ea5y? Th\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3i: \u0110\u1ed9i \u01a1n b\u1ec7 h\u1ea1 ban cho, th\u1ea7n xin chia nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda. Th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eddi qu\u00e1 ngao ng\u00e1n n\u00ean Chi\u00eau Th\u1ed1ng cho Th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. Th\u01b0\u1edbc li\u1ec1n g\u1ecdi l\u00e1i \u0111\u00f2 \u0111\u01b0a thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1edf nh\u00e0 vua v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1m ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng \u0111i qua s\u00f4ng. Khi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean b\u1edd, Th\u01b0\u1edbc cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111u\u1ed5i theo, \u0111\u00f2i l\u1ed9t lu\u00f4n chi\u1ebfc ng\u1ef1 b\u00e0o m\u00e0 vua \u0111ang m\u1eb7c trong ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vua \u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i c\u1edfi ng\u1ef1 b\u00e0o, c\u00e1i nghi th\u1ee9c nh\u00e0 vua cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 trao cho ch\u00fang, r\u1ed3i ch\u1ea1y l\u00ean n\u00fai\\\". Th\u1ebf m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu, r\u1eadp khu\u00f4n, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u00f9ng s\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac ti\u1ebfng s\u1ea5m T\u00e2y S\u01a1n b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5, m\u1ecdi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec1u quay chi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 m\u1edbi th\u1ec1 nguy\u1ec1n hai ch\u1eef \u201cngu trung\u201d nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p L\u00fd Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0o h\u1ea7m r\u1ed3i t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh n\u1eb1m v\u00e0o trong chi\u1ebfc quan t\u00e0i, sai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111em ch\u00f4n s\u1ed1ng, v\u00ec cho m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 Nguy\u1ec5n Trang b\u1eaft ch\u00faa Tr\u1ecbnh n\u1ed9p cho ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n . \u0110\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u00e2n ho\u00e1, r\u00e3 r\u1eddi, l\u00f2ng d\u00e2n ly t\u00e1n, kinh t\u1ebf sau nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m chi\u1ebfn tranh b\u1ecb suy s\u1ee5p nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh kh\u00f4 ki\u1ec7t, v\u0103n ho\u00e1, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u thi\u00ean h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ea3n tr\u00ec v\u00e0 h\u1ee7 l\u1eadu. Th\u00f9 trong gi\u1eb7c ngo\u00e0i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111e do\u1ea1 t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00eda. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111au l\u00f2ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi Quang Trung ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch, \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd m\u1edbi h\u00f2ng c\u1ee9u v\u00e3n t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng, b\u1ebf t\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ed3n \u1ee9 c\u1ea3 tr\u0103m n\u0103m v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Trong b\u00e0i Chi\u1ebfu l\u00ean ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n ng\u00e0y 22 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1788, vua Quang Trung \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u201cnh\u00e2n ngh\u0129a, trung ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Tr\u1eabm nay c\u00f9ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi\u201d. Mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch m\u1edbi, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c t\u00e2m huy\u1ebft so\u1ea1n ra. Nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00fang kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c trong c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, d\u00f9 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0169 th\u1eddi L\u00ea - Tr\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1o ra. Xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1ef1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u00ean Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn v\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 c\u00f2n h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 thu\u1ef7 chung n\u00ean \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c t\u00e2m huy\u1ebft, t\u1eadn tu\u1ef5 v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1edbi vua nh\u01b0 Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n K\u1ef7, Ng\u00f4 Th\u00ec Nh\u1eadm, Phan Huy \u00edch, Nguy\u1ec5n Thi\u1ebfp. Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea1nh d\u1ea1n phong t\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea7u v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c Trung th\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh cho Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n K\u1ef7 ngay t\u1eeb bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u s\u01a1 ng\u1ed9 \u1edf Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1eb7p Ng\u00f4 Th\u00ec Nh\u1eadm \u1edf Th\u0103ng Long, Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 c\u0169ng phong t\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea7u v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c T\u1ea3 th\u1ecb lang B\u1ed9 L\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi phong ki\u1ebfn, tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tr\u00f4ng coi vi\u1ec7c n\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh B\u1eafc H\u00e0. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 sau Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7, hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3 ai nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh d\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9, Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00edt h\u1ecdc, xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u1edf m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng ngo\u1ea1i bi\u00ean c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ho\u00e1 kinh k\u1ef3. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Quang Trung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong b\u00e0i Chi\u1ebfu l\u1eadp h\u1ecdc.","\u201cD\u1ef1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7u, tr\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ecdn nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i l\u00e0m g\u1ed1c. . . Tr\u1eabm bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ef1ng nghi\u1ec7p, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc, l\u01b0u t\u00e2m y\u00eau m\u1ebfn k\u1ebb s\u0129, mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c t\u00e0i ra gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d. V\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Quang Trung l\u1ed3ng l\u1ed9ng bao dung trong b\u00e0i Chi\u1ebfu c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec1n, c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cV\u1eady ban chi\u1ec1u xu\u1ed1ng, quan li\u00eau l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang tr\u0103m h\u1ecd, ai c\u00f3 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt, m\u01b0u hay gi\u00fap \u00edch cho \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p d\u00e2ng th\u01b0 t\u1ecf b\u00e0y c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, l\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7c c\u00e1ch b\u1ed5 d\u1ee5ng, l\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea5y, ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng ai b\u1eaft t\u1ed9i vu kho\u00e1t, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e0i ngh\u1ec7 g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho \u0111\u1eddi, th\u00ec cho c\u00e1c quan v\u0103n v\u00f5 ti\u1ebfn c\u1eed, l\u1ea1i cho d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn y\u1ebft hi\u00ean, tu\u1ef3 t\u00e0i m\u00e0 b\u1ed5 d\u1ee5ng. Ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1n nay gi\u1ea5u t\u00e0i \u1ea9n ti\u1ebfng, kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec1u c\u0169ng cho ph\u00e9p d\u00e2ng th\u01b0 t\u1ef1 c\u1eed ch\u1edb ng\u1ea1i cho th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111em ng\u1ecdc b\u00e1n rao\u201d. \u00d4i! Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ebf t\u1eafc th\u00ec hi\u1ec1n t\u00e0i \u1ea9n n\u00e1u. X\u01b0a th\u00ec \u0111\u00fang v\u1eady, c\u00f2n nay tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t thanh b\u00ecnh, ch\u00ednh l\u00fac ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec1n g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 gi\u00f3 m\u00e2y. Nh\u1eefng ai t\u00e0i \u0111\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00ean g\u1eafng l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea1ng r\u1ee1 ch\u00f4n v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00ecnh, m\u1ed9t l\u00f2ng cung k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3c\u00f9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00fac t\u00f4n vinh. B\u00f4\u2019c\u00e1o g\u1ea7n xa \u0111\u1ec3c\u00f9ng nghe bi\u1ebft\u201d . Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i ki\u1ec7t xu\u1ea5t m\u1edbi d\u00e1m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i n\u0103ng l\u1edbn trong thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i n\u0103ng trong thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t huy h\u1ebft kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh khi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n minh ch\u00faa. Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a t\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII l\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m cao, l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ta nhanh ch\u00f3ng chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. \u0110\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ecbnh c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u1edd c\u00f3 Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i gi\u00fap r\u1eadp b\u00ean \u00f4ng. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n th\u1eddi Trung c\u1ed5 chuy\u00ean \u0111i c\u01b0\u1edbp b\u00f3c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i v\u00e0 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, n\u0103m 1786 Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 ra Th\u0103ng Long \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ngay c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn s\u0129, quan l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a L\u00ea - Tr\u1ecbnh, ch\u1ecdn trong h\u1ecd nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1 Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n nh\u1eb1m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n tr\u1ecb l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. \u00d4ng t\u00ecm c\u00e1c th\u1ee3 r\u00e8n gi\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1 Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t kinh \u0111\u00f4 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n qu\u00e2n ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1t. Vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7u h\u00f4n v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa Ng\u1ecdc H\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 L\u00ea l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c thu d\u1ee5ng nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i B\u1eafc H\u00e0 v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n. Nh\u1ecbp s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Quang Trung xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb hai ngu\u1ed3n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00f5 d\u00e2n gi\u00e3 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0ng Trong v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n hi\u1ebfn uy\u00ean th\u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i, h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 cu\u1ed3n cu\u1ed9n sinh l\u1ef1c t\u1ea1o cho Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u m\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t phong c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y S\u01a1n. Phong c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea9n ch\u1ee9a t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 b\u00e0ng b\u1ea1c kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i, \u0111\u1ec3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 th\u00e0nh tinh hoa m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra t\u1eeb con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 - Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII - Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 v\u01b0\u1ee3t h\u1eb3n l\u00ean Nguy\u1ec5n L\u1eef, Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh, l\u00ean tr\u00ean L\u00ea Chi\u00eau Th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1m di th\u1ea7n Tr\u1ecbnh - L\u00ea c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi \u00f4ng. T\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m kho\u00e1i khi nghe Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi Ng\u00f4 Th\u00ec Nh\u1eadm trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y binh l\u1eeda \u1edf chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed1ng Thanh t\u1ea1i Th\u0103ng Long: \u201cPh\u1ea3i phi\u1ec1n \u00f4ng l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u0111\u1ebf \u0111u\u1ed5i gi\u1eb7c. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec t\u00fai dao, bao ki\u1ebfm l\u00e0 ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb v\u00f5 th\u1ea7n\u201d. Th\u1ebf m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i tinh anh c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7, khi ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t danh t\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra t\u00ednh di\u1ec7u k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y b\u00fat, c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 v\u0103n trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u00e0 Ng\u00f4 Th\u00ec Nh\u1eadm \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n v\u0103n ngo\u1ea1i giao do \u00f4ng so\u1ea1n ra l\u00e0m nh\u00e0 Thanh ph\u1ea3i ki\u00eang n\u1ec3 v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfp s\u1ee3, kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00ed th\u1ebf ph\u1ee5c th\u00f9 sau b\u1ea1i tr\u1eadn \u0110\u1ed1ng \u0110a v\u1eabn c\u00f2n h\u1eebng h\u1ef1c trong l\u00f2ng C\u00e0n Long v\u00e0 b\u1ecdn quan t\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u00e0 Thanh t\u1ef1 cao, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eafc. Trong mu\u00f4n v\u00e0n nho s\u0129, quan l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 Tr\u1ecbnh - Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o m\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 v\u1eabn m\u1ebfn ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, c\u00f3 t\u00e2m huy\u1ebft th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi d\u00e2n, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n l\u0129nh, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh kh\u00ed kh\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1i cho d\u00f9 trong quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c \u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec hi\u1ec3u h\u1ecd l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u1ed5 \u0111au v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00ean Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec","thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c, ch\u0103m lo \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c t\u00e0i ra c\u00f9ng \u00f4ng gi\u00fap n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u0103ng Tr\u01b0\u1eddng, Tr\u1ea7n C\u00f4ng X\u00e1n, Nguy\u1ec5n Thi\u1ebfp. . . C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 tin ngay, giao gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng tr\u1ecdng tr\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 Ng\u00f4 Th\u00ec Nh\u1eadm, Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n K\u1ef7, Phan Huy \u00cdch. . . C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tin nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft nh\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Ch\u1ec9nh, V\u0169 V\u0103n Nh\u1eadm . . . C\u00e1i \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 l\u00e0 nh\u00e3n quan nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng trung th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngay t\u1eeb l\u00fac s\u01a1 ng\u1ed9. Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1eafc \u00e1m, x\u1ea5u xa n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 che m\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 m\u1ea1nh d\u1ea1n tin v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c c\u0169 \u1edf ru\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea7y r\u1eaby nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIIT. N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c d\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn cho s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p T\u00e2y S\u01a1n. T\u00ednh r\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, bao dung v\u00e0 thu\u1ef7 chung \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec3 \u00f4ng thu ph\u1ee5c nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i trong thi\u00ean h\u1ea1, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo T\u00e2y S\u01a1n ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1edd c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c nh\u01b0 Tr\u1ea7n Quang Di\u1ec7u, B\u00f9i Th\u1ecb Xu\u00e2n, Ng\u00f4 V\u0103n S\u1edf, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Tuy\u1ebft. . . Nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng theo Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i Quy Nh\u01a1n v\u00e0 l\u00e0 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ngay sau th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111o\u1ea1n giao gi\u1eefa hai anh em T\u00e2y S\u01a1n t\u1ea1i Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1786. Tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eddi Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 v\u00ec h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c n\u00ean h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, mu\u1ed1n s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd g\u00f3p n\u00ean s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y S\u01a1n, c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i n\u0103ng hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c \u1edf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cao nh\u1ea5t trong nhi\u1ec1u ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, cho s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p T\u00e2y S\u01a1n. Nh\u1eefng nho s\u0129 th\u1eddi L\u00ea - Tr\u1ecbnh, sau khi xo\u00e1 b\u1ecf c\u00e1i u t\u1ecbch, tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7 l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi \u1edf Th\u0103ng Long, t\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u01a1n theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n. Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eafp c\u00e1nh cho h\u1ecd, \u0111\u01b0a h\u1ecd ra kh\u1ecfi c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1 ch\u1eadu chim l\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 tung bay trong b\u00e3o t\u00e1p c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng \u00f4ng g\u00e1nh v\u00e1c nh\u1eefng tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m l\u1edbn lao c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng \u1edf trong tri\u1ec1u v\u00e0 tr\u1ea5n nh\u1eadm c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u1eddng giao cho c\u00e1c v\u00f5 t\u01b0\u1edbng cao c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng theo \u00f4ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u b\u1ea5y l\u00e2u. Nh\u01b0ng d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n c\u00e1c v\u0103n th\u1ea7n thay c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t trong c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c tr\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 ch\u1ee9c Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0 b\u1ed9 Binh. \u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 sung cho \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 quan l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u201cv\u0103n tr\u1ecb\u201d l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft, n\u00ean sau khi \u0111\u00e1nh tan qu\u00e2n Thanh (1789), Quang Trung \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c k\u1ef3 thi H\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf Ngh\u1ec7 An, \u0111\u1ec3 tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i do Nguy\u1ec5n Thi\u1ebfp l\u00e0m ch\u00e1nh ch\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3o. Quang Trung \u01b0\u1edbc mong c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c n\u00ean r\u1ea5t ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o. Trong Chi\u1ebfu l\u1eadp h\u1ecdc, Quang Trung \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 : \u201cNho sinh v\u00e0 sinh \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1eed \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ef3 thi v\u00e0o thi h\u1ea1ng \u01b0u th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o, h\u1ea1ng k\u00e9m th\u00ec b\u00e3i h\u1ecdc \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e3 c\u00f2n nh\u01b0 sinh \u0111\u1ed3 ba quan nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft b\u1eaft v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m d\u00e2n, c\u00f9ng d\u00e2n ch\u1ecbu s\u01b0u d\u1ecbch\u201d . Th\u1ebf m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft t\u00ednh ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Quang Trung, mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quan l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, Quang Trung c\u0169ng l\u00e0 v\u1ecb nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu, m\u00f9 ch\u1eef c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang lao \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u201cch\u1ecdn nho s\u0129 trong x\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9c, h\u1ea1nh ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00e0m th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y, gi\u1ea3ng t\u1eadp cho h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\u201d. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ngay c\u1ea3 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0ng, Quang Trung c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng coi nh\u1eb9 hai ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1eeba t\u00e0i, v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n l\u00e0ng t\u00edn nhi\u1ec7m. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n Quang Trung c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc v\u0103n ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam do m\u1ed9t quan b\u00ed th\u01b0 ri\u00eang \u201cm\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng 6 l\u1ea7n ch\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i kinh s\u00e1ch\u201d (1) n\u00ean \u00f4ng kh\u00e1 am t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi T\u00e2y S\u01a1n. L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf Thanh Ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1 Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t di s\u1ea3n","c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ho\u00e1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c (2). V\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u Quang Trung cho \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n ch\u00ednh, s\u1ef1 \u201cnghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc\u201d \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng, ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh an ninh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c x\u1ea3y ra. Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebfu thi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi T\u00e2y S\u01a1n c\u0169ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p cai tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3. S\u00e1ch T\u00e2y S\u01a1n thu\u1eadt \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, vua Quang Trung kh\u00f4ng l\u1eadp ph\u00e1p l\u1ec7nh, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc vi\u1ec7c th\u01b0a ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u do mi\u1ec7ng ng\u00e0i ph\u00e2n x\u1eed, c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i th\u00ec ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f2n m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1eebng tr\u1ecb. B\u1ea7y t\u00f4i \u1edf trong hay ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ee3 oai c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m can t\u1ed9i h\u1ed1i l\u1ed9\u201d. _______________________ (1) T\u00e2y S\u01a1n thu\u1eadt l\u01b0\u1ee3c, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a T\u1ea1 Quang Ph\u00e1t. (2) Theo Minh \u0110\u00f4 s\u1eed, Q. 40, chi\u1ebfc tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y do binh s\u0129 T\u00e2y S\u01a1n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf x\u00e3 \u0110an N\u00ea, ph\u1ee7 An \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 1788. D\u00f9 th\u1ebf, Quang Trung r\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 b\u00e0 Ng\u1ecdc H\u00e2n, B\u1eafc cung Ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu c\u01b0ng chi\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n c\u0169ng b\u1ecb Quang Trung ra l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00e1nh 20 d\u00f9i v\u1ec1 t\u1ed9i bao che cho vi\u1ec7c b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 (th\u00e2n m\u1eabu - v\u1ee3 vua Hi\u1ec3n T\u00f4ng), v\u00ec th\u00e2n m\u1eabu c\u1ee7a Ng\u1ecdc H\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 xin tha cho c\u00e1c quan l\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 L\u00ea b\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c T\u00e2y S\u01a1n, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 vi\u00ean quan \u0110\u1ed1c Chi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng 100 thoi v\u00e0ng mua chu\u1ed9c, h\u1ed1i l\u1ed9 cho quan T\u00e2y S\u01a1n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1788\u201d (1). Ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0a qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n ra \u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i, gi\u00e1o s\u0129 Le Roy \u1edf Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cNh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nam H\u00e0 \u1ea5y (qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n) \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 x\u1eed \u00e1n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t. M\u1edbi th\u1ea5y t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o, ch\u1eb3ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ee3i x\u00e9t x\u1eed l\u00f4i th\u00f4i h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e9m \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ecdn tr\u1ed9m c\u01b0\u1edbp, d\u00e2n ch\u00fang th\u00edch s\u1ef1 x\u1eed ph\u1ea1t n] v\u1eady v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 li\u00eam khi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n. V\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u01b0\u1edbp b\u00f3c ai, h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e0 th\u00f4t. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn cho y\u00ean b\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i n\u01a1i trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian\u201d (2). N\u0103m 1787, gi\u00e1o s\u0129 Thiebaud c\u0169ng x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u201cqu\u00e2n tr\u1ed9m c\u01b0\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1\u201d. N\u0103m 1790, gi\u00e1o s\u0129 La Mo the c\u0169ng vi\u1ebft: \u201cPh\u1ea3i n\u00f3i tr\u1eafng ra r\u1eb1ng, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i t\u1ec7. D\u01b0\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c che ch\u1edf kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb l\u0169 c\u01b0\u1edbp ph\u00e1 ph\u00e1ch, v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o th\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 an ninh h\u01a1n c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d (3). Nh\u01b0ng lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i s\u1ef1 tu\u1ef3 ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nguy\u1ec5n Thi\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 sai tr\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb v\u1edbi vua Quang Trung \u201cNh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec uy v\u00f5 c\u00f3 th\u1eeba m\u00e0 \u00e2n tr\u1ea1ch ch\u01b0a ban (1791). Th\u1eadt ra, v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1788, vua Quang Trung \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 phi l\u00fd \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch s\u1eeda sai, trong Nh\u1eadt k\u00fd c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i B\u1eafc k\u1ef3 n\u0103m 1788 c\u00f3 ghi l\u1ea1i n\u1ed9i dung m\u1ed9t s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a Quang Trung... \u201ct\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nay, c\u00e1c vua ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ea5y lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 cai tr\u1ecb th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh n\u00ean ta c\u0169ng noi g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1c v\u1ecb ti\u1ec1n b\u1ed1i m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u ng\u00e0y kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i ta b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch so\u1ea1n ra b\u1ed9 Lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t ta nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t tu\u00e2n theo\u201d. L\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a vua Quang Trung l\u00e0 trong th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ebfn hai th\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3i so\u1ea1n xong b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc - ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh sau ng\u00e0y m\u1edbi l\u00ean ng\u00f4i \u1edf Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n (1788) n\u00ean c\u00f3 l\u1ebd t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh d\u1ea7n trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m sau. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi vua Quang Trung \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch ra ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p, do m\u1ed9t linh m\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1793. Trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o s\u0129 S\u00e9rard \u1edf B\u1ed1 Ch\u00e1nh, Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh vi\u1ebft ng\u00e0y 5 th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 1793 \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n vi\u1ebft: \u201cV\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch lu\u1eadt B\u1eafc H\u00e0, th\u00ec linh m\u1ee5c V\u0103n \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch c\u1ea3 t\u1eadp hay m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qua quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3\u201d (4) N\u0103m 1822, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh l\u00e0 Crawfurd \u0111\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u00f3 thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng. \u201cT\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n Hoa ki\u1ec1u \u1edf Hu\u1ebf, \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 T\u00e2y S\u01a1n v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e0","Nguy\u1ec5n, h\u1ecd n\u00f3i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i T\u00e2y S\u01a1n cai tr\u1ecb c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 \u00f4n ho\u00e0 h\u01a1n nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i (t\u1ee9c Minh M\u1ea1ng) hay cha nh\u00e0 vua \u1ea5y (Gia Long) (5). ________________________ (1) Nh\u1eadt k\u00fd Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i B\u1eafc K\u1ef3 n\u0103m 1788, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Nha V\u0103n kh\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia Paris (Ph\u00e1p), tr. 220. (2) Th\u01b0 vi\u1ebft ng\u00e0y 11 th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 1788 g\u1eedi cho \u00f4ng Blandin \u1edf Paris, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 \u1edf B.E.F.E.O, 1913, T. XII, s\u1ed1 7, tr.8. (3) Th\u01b0 g\u1eedi \u00f4ng Letondal, t\u1eadp Tonkin 700, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u AMEP, tr. 1399. (4) Th\u01b0 g\u1eedi \u00f4ng Blandin, t\u1eadp Tonkin 962, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u AEP, tr. 521. (5) Jean Chesneaux, d\u1eabn trong Contribution \u00e0 L\u2019histoire de la Nation Vietnamienne, tr. 62 Mu\u1ed1n n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00e0u d\u00e2n m\u1ea1nh ph\u1ea3i lo ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf, vua Quang Trung \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n, l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc phong ki\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9. C\u00f3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00e1c, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec1u sau ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i b\u1ecb t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 b\u1edfi chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u01af\u1edbc mong c\u1ee7a vua Quang Trung c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng trong b\u00e0i Chi\u1ebfu khuy\u00ean n\u00f4ng, b\u00e0i chi\u1ebfu c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n vi\u1ebft: \u201cCh\u00ednh s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 vun g\u1ed1c v\u00e9n ng\u1ecdn, l\u00e0m cho d\u00e2n y\u00ean \u1ed5n c\u1ea5y c\u00e0y, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng, ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecf hoang. Tr\u1ea3i qua bu\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n ly binh l\u1eeda li\u00ean mi\u00ean, l\u1ea1i th\u00eam n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i k\u00e9m, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u01b0u t\u00e1n, ru\u1ed9ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1n, n\u0103m ph\u1ea7n m\u01b0\u1eddi so v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Tr\u1eabm ch\u1ecbu m\u1ec7nh tr\u1eddi, gi\u1eef nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn, b\u00f4n b\u1ec1 trong l\u1eb7ng. Nay bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch khuy\u00ean kh\u00edch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00e0m cho d\u00e2n gi\u00e0u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t. X\u00e9t ra tr\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, gi\u1ea5u gi\u1ebfm c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u00f3i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi, cho n\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i d\u00e2n phi\u00eau t\u00e1n, khai kh\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ea5t hoang, ph\u00e0m d\u00e2n du th\u1ee7 du th\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 l\u00e0ng ch\u0103m lo \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00e1ng . . .\u201d Vua Quang Trung c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ho\u00e0i b\u00e3o x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ean tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 c\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra nhi\u1ec1u h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 nh\u1eb1m kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n nhu c\u1ea7u ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i thoai gi\u1eefa vua Quang Trung v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Thi\u1ebfp t\u1ea1i Ngh\u1ec7 An tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ra B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c Thanh \u0111\u00e3 cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Quang Trung. Quang Trung h\u1ecfi: - Nghe th\u1ea7y h\u1ecdc tinh l\u00fd s\u1ed1, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u00e0i m\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3c, nay T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb sang, th\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o ch\u01b0a? Nguy\u1ec5n Thi\u1ebfp th\u01b0a r\u1eb1ng: - Th\u1ea7n t\u1ed1c? Quang Trung n\u00f3i: - Ph\u1ea3i, ph\u1ea3i. T\u00f4i nay ra \u0111\u00e1nh cho n\u00f3 ch\u1ebft. T\u00f4i m\u00e0 d\u1eb9p y\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eb7c T\u00e0u, xin r\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea7y v\u1ec1 d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc. T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n kh\u00ed d\u1ee5ng g\u00ec c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i mua c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e0u. Nguy\u1ec5n Thi\u1ebfp th\u01b0a l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng: Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 thu\u1ed1c b\u1eafc l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a T\u00e0u m\u00e0 th\u00f4i (1) C\u00e2u n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a Quang Trung, bao h\u00e0m m\u1ed9t tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp cao, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf b\u1ecb l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i bang chi ph\u1ed1i, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t quan h\u1ec7 ngo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c. Sau chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng gi\u1eb7c Thanh (l789), vua Quang Trung \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u1ebft th\u01b0 cho T\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed1c L\u01b0\u1ee1ng Qu\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 Ph\u00fac Khang An, \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb \u201cm\u1edf c\u1eeda \u1ea3i th\u00f4ng ch\u1ee3 b\u00faa, khi\u1ebfn cho h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng ng\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i cho d\u00e2n\u201d (2). Ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3, nh\u00e0 Thanh m\u1edf c\u1eeda \u1ea3i B\u00ecnh Nhi, Thu\u1ef7 Kh\u1ea9u, Du Th\u00f4n cho th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa sang bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n, h\u1ecd l\u1eadp c\u00e1c ph\u1ed1 K\u1ef3 L\u1eeba, M\u1ee5c M\u00e3, Hoa S\u01a1n. C\u00e1c ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ta, g\u1ea7n bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp hai c\u1eeda hi\u1ec7u Th\u00e1i Ho\u00e0 v\u00e0 Phong","Th\u1ecbnh \u1edf c\u00e1c ph\u1ed1 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n. Th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n qua l\u1ea1i bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u mi\u1ec5n thu\u1ebf. ____________________ (1) D\u1eabn l\u1ea1i L\u00ea Th\u00fac Th\u00f4ng, trong T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Nam Phong s\u1ed1 102.s (2) Bang giao l\u1ee5c trong Ng\u00f4 gia v\u0103n ph\u00e1i. N\u0103m 1790, vua Quang Trung l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb l\u1eadp nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng \u1edf ph\u1ee7 Nam Ninh, thu\u1ed9c t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t sang bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n\u201d (1) Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ngo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u thuy\u1ec1n bu\u00f4n Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ebfn bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n, Quang Trung \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c thuy\u1ec1n bu\u00f4n T\u00e2y \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01a1 bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n. Ng\u00e0y 1 th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 1792, trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eeb B\u1ed1 Ch\u00e1nh, \u00f4ng S\u00e9rard \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ghi l\u1ea1i: \u201c\u00f4ng Girard \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed l\u00e0m th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c cho Ti\u1ebfm v\u01b0\u01a1ng (Quang Trung) \u1edf Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ebfn \u00f4ng Girard \u1edf Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1edd \u00f4ng \u1ea5y giao th\u01b0 cho thuy\u1ec1n bu\u00f4n Trung Hoa c\u1eadp b\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3, hay y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n m\u1ea1ng theo n\u1ebfu Ti\u1ebfm v\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eaft \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111i Qu\u1ea3ng Ch\u00e2u m\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u1ebfn kinh \u0111\u00f4 bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u0103m ngo\u00e1i \u201c (2) V\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong cu\u1ed9c, \u00f4ng Girard vi\u1ebft: \u2018Ng\u00e0y 17 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 1791, t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf n g\u1eb7p Ti\u1ebfm v\u01b0\u01a1ng (Quang Trung), c\u00e1c quan \u0111\u00e3 khuy\u00ean Ti\u1ebfm v\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00ean m\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c2u ch\u00e2u v\u00e0o cung, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh cho th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c m\u00e0 th\u00f4i... N\u0103m ngo\u00e1i \u00f4ng ta (Quang Trung) mu\u1ed1n g\u1eedi t\u00f4i \u0111i Ma Cao k\u00eau g\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c2u ch\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec1n bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n t\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c \u00f4ng. . . N\u0103m nay c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i, m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc t\u00e0u t\u1eeb \u00c1o M\u00f4n t\u1edbi v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc t\u00e0u kh\u00e1c t\u1eeb Mani qua, v\u00ec b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0103n \u1edf \u0110\u1ed3ng Nai, n\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t Ti\u1ebfm v\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u01a1i t\u00f4i \u1edf v\u00e0 b\u00e1n cho \u00f4ng ta 100.000 c\u00e2n l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh, t\u00f4i b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c du h\u00e0nh Ma Cao. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1edbi h\u00f4m 3 th\u00e1ng 7\u201d. (3) \u1ede c\u1ea1nh kinh \u0111\u00f4, gi\u00e1o s\u0129 S\u00e9rard theo d\u00f5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ngo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1eefa Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft: H\u1ecd (qu\u00e2n B\u1eafc H\u00e0) mu\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0u b\u00e8 \u00c2u ch\u00e2u \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea3i c\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hai t\u00e0u t\u1edbi, m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y b\u1ecb b\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e3i b\u1edfi quan tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 Ch\u00e2m (Qu\u1ea3ng Nam) n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ed5 neo v\u00e0 t\u1ea9u tho\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh tai h\u1ecda. Chi\u1ebfc kia t\u1eeb Ma cao \u0111\u1ebfn, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3i t\u1eed t\u1ebf h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 ch\u1edf nhi\u1ec1u h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 cho Ti\u1ebfm v\u01b0\u01a1ng (Quang Trung) v\u00e0 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh \u00f4ng ta\u201d (4). Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f4i khi, ho\u00e0i b\u00e3o th\u00ec ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng l\u1edbn lao nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch quan kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00ec hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd th\u1ea5p. B\u1edfi v\u00ec \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII, \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y c\u0169ng k\u00e8m theo \u00e2m m\u01b0u x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfm th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cb\u1ea1n h\u00e0ng\u201d n\u00e0y ch\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebfn r\u0169, b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf gi\u00e0u t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 c\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebb th\u00f9 khi\u1ebfp s\u1ee3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c thuy\u1ec1n bu\u00f4n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng thu\u1ed9c v\u00f9ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Quang Trung. Trong quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0ng Quang Trung lu\u00f4n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh cho m\u00ecnh t\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng. \u01af\u1edbc mong c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i m\u1ea1nh, m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc . Trong th\u01a1 g\u1eedi cho vi\u00ean Qu\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea1o T\u1ea3 Giang ki\u00eam T\u1ed5ng l\u00fd binh v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea1o Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00e2y l\u00e0 Thang H\u00f9ng Nghi\u1ec7p, Quang Trung \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u00e2u s\u1eafc nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch v\u00e0 th\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ta: \u201cVi\u1ec7c qu\u00e2n c\u1ed1t ho\u00e0 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f4ng, c\u1ed9t tinh nhu\u1ec7 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1t nhi\u1ec1u. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e9o th\u1eafng l\u00e0 th\u1eafng \u1edf ch\u1ed7 m\u1ec1m d\u1ebbo, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e8 y\u1ebfu l\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u hi\u1ebfp \u00edt m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d (5). Sau ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1eafng qu\u00e2n Thanh, Quang Trung l\u00e0m t\u1edd bi\u1ec3u g\u1eedi cho C\u00e0n Long \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 t\u1ed9i T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ec9a mai h\u00f3m h\u1ec9nh vua nh\u00e0 Thanh \u201ckh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 do \u0111\u1ea1i Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf sai khi\u1ebfn hay do T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb v\u00ec m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 sai khi\u1ebfn mong l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng \u1edf bi\u00ean c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u l\u1ee3i l\u1edbn\u201d (6). __________________","(1) Th\u01b0 g\u1eedi \u00f4ng Blandin, Tonkin 692, tr. 366. (2) (3) Th\u01b0 vi\u1ebft ng\u00e0y 25 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 1792 cho \u00f4ng Boiret, Fowkin 692, tr. 897. (4) Th\u01b0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eeb B\u1ed1 Ch\u00e1nh, g\u1eedi \u00f4ng Boiret v\u00e0 Descuvriere, Tonkin 692, tr. 427. (5) Ng\u00f4 Th\u00ec Nh\u1eadm, Bang giao h\u1ea3o tho\u1ea1i, vi\u1ebft tay. (6) \u0110\u1ea1i Nam ch\u00ednh bi\u00ean li\u1ec7t truy\u1ec7n, Q. 30, t. 36b. V\u1edbi t\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng, vua Quang Trung \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch tr\u1ea7n b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t tham lam, \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Thanh v\u00e0 ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft d\u00f9ng m\u1ecdi bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Trong t\u1edd bi\u1ec3u g\u1eedi cho C\u00e0n Long, Quang Trung \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5: \u201cNay l\u1ea5y thi\u00ean tri\u1ec1u to l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i tranh gi\u00e0nh v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u1ea3 l\u00f2ng tham lam, t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o, l\u1ea1i mu\u00f4n \u0111eo \u0111u\u1ed5i v\u0169 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng, xua qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang ra nghi tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu th\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9c, th\u00ec l\u00f2ng Th\u00e1nh th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u1ee1 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf, n\u1ebfu v\u1ea1n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1nh nhau li\u00ean mi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng d\u1ee9t th\u00ec l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ecdng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn n\u1eefa, bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i nghe theo m\u1ea1ng tr\u1eddi. Vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea3y ra kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i ra sao th\u00ec ra\u201d. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a vua Quang Trung, Thang H\u00f9ng Nghi\u1ec7p kinh s\u1ee3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 H\u00f4 H\u1ed5 h\u1ea7u r\u1eb1ng: \u201cNay kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u00fac hai n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e1nh nhau, sao l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i to\u00e0n gi\u1ecdng t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn\u201d. (1). C\u00f2n c\u00e0n Long sau ng\u00e0y b\u1ea1i tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 cho vi\u00ean T\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed1c L\u01b0\u1ee1ng Qu\u1ea3ng m\u1edbi nh\u1eadm ch\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Ph\u00fac Khang An v\u00e0 tri\u1ec1u th\u1ea7n, sau khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, n\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u201clam ch\u01b0\u1edbng, d\u1ecbch l\u1ec7, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9c\u201d n\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u201cd\u00e2n t\u00ecnh hay ph\u1ea3n tr\u1eafc, hay sinh s\u1ef1\u201d r\u1ed3i \u201cTr\u1eabm \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 k\u1ef9, th\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u00e0m\u201d v\u00e0 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u201cT\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u00e1nh\u201d (2). Sau \u0111\u00f3, trong m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n d\u1ee5 ban h\u00e0nh ng\u00e0y 19 th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1789, C\u00e0n Long \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh: \u201c\u00dd Tr\u1eabm nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng cho ti\u1ebfn binh n\u1eefa \u201c (3). Do n\u1eafm ch\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00ean vua Quang Trung \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e0i t\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c ngay t\u1eeb l\u00fac m\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ra B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c Thanh. Quang Trung \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi Ng\u00f4 Th\u00ec Nh\u1eadm d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n n\u00fai Tam \u0110i\u1ec7p: \u201cL\u1ea7n n\u00e0y ta ra, th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh c\u1ea7m qu\u00e2n, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n, ch\u1eb3ng qua m\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111u\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Thanh, nh\u01b0ng ngh\u0129 ch\u00fang l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn g\u1ea5p m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh, sau khi b\u1ecb thua m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn, \u1eaft l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m th\u1eb9n m\u00e0 lo b\u00e1o th\u00f9, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c binh \u0111ao kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd d\u1ee9t, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u00fac cho d\u00e2n, n\u1ee1 n\u00e0o l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. \u0110\u1ebfn l\u00fac \u1ea5y, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e9o l\u1eddi l\u1ebd m\u1edbi d\u1eb9p n\u1ed5i vi\u1ec7c binh \u0111ao. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00f4 Th\u00ec Nh\u1eadm th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ai l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u1edd m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m n\u1eefa, cho ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00ean \u1ed5n m\u00e0 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd d\u00e2n gi\u00e0u n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea1nh, th\u00ec ta c\u00f3 s\u1ee3 g\u00ec ch\u00fang\u201d (4) Do tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 nh\u00e0 M\u1ea1c h\u00e8n nh\u00e1t n\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ea5t cho nh\u00e0 Minh, c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n quan s\u1edf t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f2i xin tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i cho ch\u1ee7 c\u0169, nh\u01b0ng nh\u00e0 Thanh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu, ch\u00fang cho l\u1eadp bia c\u1eafm l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ecba gi\u1edbi tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ea5n \u201c\u2019Tuy\u00ean Quang v\u00e0 H\u01b0ng Ho\u00e1\u201d, l\u1ea5y s\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed7 Ch\u00fac l\u00e0m gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a hai n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Ho\u00e0ng C\u00f4ng Ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a 7 ch\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng sau cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, nh\u00e0 L\u00ea c\u0169ng b\u1ecf m\u1ea5t lu\u00f4n. Sau ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i gi\u1eb7c Thanh, vua Quang Trung l\u00e0m t\u1edd bi\u1ec3u xin \u0111\u00f2i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t 7 ch\u00e2u \u1edf H\u01b0ng Ho\u00e1 (5). \u0110o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i b\u00e0i bi\u1ec3u, Quang Trung t\u1ecf ra r\u1ea5t c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft: \u201cTh\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m b\u1ecf r\u01a1i ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t \u1ea5y, coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t hoang gi\u1ea5u gi\u1ebfm t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady \u0111\u00e1nh li\u1ec1u l\u00e0m t\u1edd bi\u1ec3u nh\u1edd c\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00fac Khang An, T\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed1c L\u01b0\u1ee1ng Qu\u1ea3ng chuy\u1ec3n t\u00e2u. Th\u1ea7n s\u1ebd ph\u00e1i quan vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ecba gi\u1edbi H\u01b0ng Ho\u00e1 tra x\u00e9t c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u1ec1 \u0111ia gi\u1edbi 7 ch\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho \u0111em l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n qu\u1ed1c\u201d (6). M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Quang Trung \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau l\u00ean nh\u1eefng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd khi \u0111\u00f2i tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecdn quan l\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c b\u00e1c b\u1ecf, l\u1ea5y c\u1edb l\u00e0 c\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1edbi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb l\u00e2u r\u1ed3i. Bi\u1ebft vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f2i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i kh\u00e9o, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 n\u00f3i su\u00f4ng m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, Quang Trung \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u00f9ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f2i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t. _________________________","(1) \u0110\u1ea1i Nam ch\u00ednh bi\u00ean li\u1ec7t truy\u1ec7n, Q. 30, t. 87a. (2) \u0110\u1ea1i Nam th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c, Q. la23, t. 29b (3) \u0110\u1ea1i Nam th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c, Q. 1525, t. 12b. (4) \u0110\u1ea1i Thanh th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c, Q. 1525, t. 12b. (5) C\u00e1c ch\u00e2u: Trung lang, L\u1ec5 Truy\u1ec1n, Ho\u00e0ng Nh\u00e1m, Tuy Ph\u1ee5, H\u1ee3p Ph\u00ec, Lai Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 Khi\u00eam Ch\u00e2u. (6) Ng\u00f4 Th\u00ec Nh\u1eadm, Bang giao h\u1ea3o tho\u1ea1i, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u00e9p tay \u0110\u1ea1i Nam ch\u00ednh bi\u00ean li\u1ec7t truy\u1ec7n ghi l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng: V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1790, vua Quang Trung g\u1eedi th\u01b0 cho T\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed1c L\u01b0\u1ee1ng Qu\u1ea3ng xin ph\u00e2n r\u00f5 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u0169. T\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed1c L\u01b0\u1ee1ng Qu\u1ea3ng cho r\u1eb1ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111inh r\u1ed3i, tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i th\u01b0. Vua Quang Trung b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh, khuy\u00ean kh\u00edch qu\u00e2n s\u0129 l\u00e0m t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n \u00e2m th\u1ea7m c\u00f3 ch\u00ed d\u00f2m ng\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5t Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u00f4ng - Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00e2y. Ng\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh r\u1eb1ng: R\u1ed9ng cho ta v\u00e0i n\u0103m b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng uy l\u1ef1c, nhu\u1ec7 kh\u00ed, ta n\u00e0o s\u1ee3 ch\u00fang\u201d (1). M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m, vua Quang Trung h\u1ecfi vi\u00ean quan b\u00ed th\u01b0 r\u1eb1ng (2): - S\u1eed s\u00e1ch sao ch\u00e9p qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c th\u1ebf? Quan b\u00ed th\u01b0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: - S\u1eed s\u00e1ch ch\u00e9p s\u1ef1 t\u00edch thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf v\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 l\u00fd do H\u01b0ng ph\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eddi sau ghi ch\u00e9p m\u00e0 r\u0103n \u0111e. Quang Trung h\u1ecfi: - Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf x\u01b0a nay c\u00f3 ai \u0111\u00e1nh T\u00e0u kh\u00f4ng? Th\u01b0a : - N\u01b0\u1edbc ta c\u00f3 Tr\u1ea7n H\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea1o, \u0111\u00e1nh qu\u00e2n T\u00e0u \u1edf s\u00f4ng B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1eb1ng, L\u00ea Th\u00e1i T\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e1nh qu\u00e2n T\u00e0u \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Quan, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1nh khi ch\u00fang ti\u1ebfn sang, ch\u1ee9 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn sang \u0111\u1ea5t T\u00e0u m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh ch\u00fang. Quang Trung n\u00f3i: - Nay ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1nh T\u00e0u cho ng\u01b0\u01a1i xem. Vua Quang Trung ra l\u1ec7nh cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7n may v\u00e1 l\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfn y r\u1ed3i giao cho gia thi\u1ebfp c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n c\u1ea5t gi\u1eef, h\u1eb9n \u0111\u1ee7 20 v\u1ea1n chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o m\u1edbi ban c\u1ea5p cho qu\u00e2n s\u0129 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00e2y\u201d (3). Quang Trung \u0111\u00e3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba h\u1ed9i, m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 Thanh. Thu n\u1ea1p b\u1ecdn c\u01b0\u1edbp bi\u1ec3n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u1eb7c T\u00e0u \u00f4, c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh T\u00e0u \u00f4 quy thu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, Quang Trung cho t\u1eadp k\u1ebft \u1edf Bi\u1ec7n S\u01a1n, phong ch\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u1ea5p \u1ea5n t\u00edn, b\u1eb1ng s\u1eafc, c\u1ea5p l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 mi\u1ec1n ven bi\u1ec3n c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u00f4ng, Ph\u00fac Ki\u1ebfn, Tri\u1ebft Giang. . . N\u0103m 1792, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u0103m d\u00f2 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e0 Thanh, vua Quang Trung c\u1eed m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n do t\u01b0\u1edbng V\u0169 V\u0103n D\u0169ng l\u00e0m Ch\u00e1nh s\u1ee9 v\u1edbi hai y\u00eau c\u1ea7u: xin c\u1ea7u h\u00f4n v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa nh\u00e0 Thanh v\u00e0 xin \u0111\u00f2i \u0111\u1ea5t L\u01b0\u1ee1ng Qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u00f4. V\u1edbi th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft, Quang Trung \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng phu v\u1ec1 v\u0169 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c ngo\u1ea1i giao \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 7 ch\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc uy th\u1ebf l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ta d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Quang Trung, vua Thanh \u0111\u00e3 nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 hai y\u00eau s\u00e1ch tr\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfc \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m huy ho\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a \u201c\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01a1 v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi\u201d \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec vua Quang Trung t\u1eeb tr\u1ea7n, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f2i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00ec th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e0nh d\u1edf dang. Trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh \u1edf Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh, c\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i, th\u00ec l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh m\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 l\u00e0m cho Quang Trung \u0111\u00e1ng g\u1eddm nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1m \u1ea3nh nh\u00e0 vua cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac ch\u1ebft. S\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ea1i Nam ch\u00ednh bi\u00ean li\u1ec7t truy\u1ec7n ghi l\u00e0: Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ea5t vua Quang Trung g\u1ecdi Tr\u1ea7n Quang Di\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00edn th\u1ea7n l\u1ea1i d\u1eb7n r\u1eb1ng: \u2018\u201dTa m\u1edf mang c\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1edbi, khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai bao tr\u00f9m c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam, nay b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh \u1eaft kh\u00f4ng d\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, Th\u00e1i t\u1eed t\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1 cao, nh\u01b0ng tu\u1ed5i c\u00f2n b\u00e9, ngo\u00e0i th\u00ec c\u00f3 Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c th\u00f9. Vua Th\u00e1i \u0110\u1ee9c, Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c tu\u1ed5i gi\u00e0 ham d\u1eadt l\u1ea1c c\u1ea7u an, kh\u00f4ng lo h\u1eadu ho\u1ea1. Sau khi ta m\u1ea5t r\u1ed3i, trong m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3i lo ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t s\u01a1 s\u00e0i cho xong vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. B\u1ecdn ng\u01b0\u01a1i ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f2 Th\u00e1i t\u1eed s\u1edbm d\u1eddi v\u1ec1 V\u0129nh \u0110\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ebf thi\u00ean h\u1ea1. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng khi qu\u00e2n Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh ra \u0111\u1ebfn, b\u1ecdn ng\u01b0\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 ch\u00f4n \u0111\u1ea5y\u201d (4)","Ghi ch\u00e9p c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft s\u1eed tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd. V\u00ec sau khi \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i gi\u1eb7c Thanh, k\u1ebb th\u00f9 nguy hi\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u1ee9c thi\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t trong l\u00fac n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh v\u00e0 b\u1ecdn can thi\u1ec7p Ph\u00e1p. Nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ho\u00e0 ho\u00e3n c\u1ea5p th\u1eddi di\u1ec5n ra sau \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ea3nh tay m\u1edf m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Nam, nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o s\u0129 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 s\u1ebd di\u1ec5n ra gi\u1eefa Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n v\u00e0 Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh. ___________________________ (1) Q.30, t. 40a. (2) Quan b\u00ed th\u01b0 n\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ng\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ed1ng, Thanh Ho\u00e1, m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng 6 l\u1ea7n v\u00e0o cung \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3ng s\u1eed s\u00e1ch cho vua Quang Trung. (3) T\u00e2y S\u01a1n thu\u1eadt l\u01b0\u1ee3c, S\u0111d, tr. 161. (4) Q. 80, t. 42b. Trong nh\u1eadt k\u00fd v\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i B\u1eafc K\u1ef3, c\u00f3 ghi l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c sau: \u201ckhi vua Quang Trung \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c Thanh xong, \u00f4ng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 2 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 1789. Quang Trung \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i v\u00e0o Nam sau \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1nh \u00f4ng Ho\u00e0ng mu\u1ed1n c\u01b0\u1edbp ng\u00f4i vua Nam K\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng? Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tin \u0111\u1ed3n truy\u1ec1n \u0111i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb l\u00e2u nay\u201d (1). Trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 ng\u00e0y 23 th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 1790, S\u00e9rard vi\u1ebft: Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i m\u1edbi hay tin b\u1ed1n chi\u1ebfc t\u00e0u c\u1ee7a l\u0169 gi\u1eb7c Trung Hoa b\u1ecb b\u1eaft gi\u1eef. B\u1ecdn n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng qu\u00e2n phi\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1n Nam H\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e2n n\u00e0y c\u1ea5p m\u00f4n b\u00e0i. Ch\u00fang d\u1eabn 4 thuy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 kinh \u0111\u00f4 (Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n) c\u00f3 l\u1ebd Ti\u1ebfm v\u01b0\u01a1ng (Quang Trung) d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m chi\u1ebfn thuy\u1ec1n. V\u00ec \u00f4ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e1nh nhau v\u1edbi vua Nam h\u00e0 \u1edf Dou Nai (2). \u0110\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 1791 , gi\u00e1o s\u0129 Nunsius Orta trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y 20 th\u00e1ng 5, c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft: \u201cvua ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng Nam H\u00e0 \u1edf Dou Nai g\u1ea7n Cao Mi\u00ean c\u00f3 g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed sang ch\u00e2u \u00c2u.Theo d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn th\u00ec \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c \u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0ng thanh th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng th\u00ec ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng\u201d (3). N\u0103m 1792, vua Quang Trung c\u1eed m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n ngo\u1ea1i giao sang Trung Qu\u1ed1c xin c\u1ea7u h\u00f4n v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ch\u00e1u nh\u00e0 Thanh v\u00e0 xin \u0111\u00f2i \u0111\u1ea5t L\u01b0\u1ee1ng Qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u00f4, nh\u1eb1m thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 b\u1eadn t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Thanh v\u00e0o tr\u1eadn ngo\u1ea1i giao m\u1edbi m\u1ebb, t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o, ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Quang Trung. L\u00fac n\u00e0y, vua Thanh l\u1ea1i lo \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 ven bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea3i t\u1eb7c Trung Qu\u1ed1c m\u00e0 Quang Trung \u0111\u00e3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft l\u00e0m nh\u00e0 Thanh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n h\u01a1i s\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 lo ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ee5c th\u00f9 b\u1eb1ng v\u00f5 l\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ec3 Quang Trung r\u1ea3nh tay tri\u1ec3n khai l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1nh Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh \u1edf Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh. Theo s\u1eed s\u00e1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi ghi l\u1ea1i cho bi\u1ebft, vua Quang Trung \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e1nh Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c huy \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn 30 v\u1ea1n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 sau: 1 - Quy Nh\u01a1n, Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c t\u00edch c\u1ef1c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u00f3ng th\u00eam thuy\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfn ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n \u201cT\u00e0u \u00f4\u201d \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o Bi\u00ean Ho\u00e0, Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh. 2- B\u1ed9 binh t\u1eeb Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea1o qua L\u00e0o, xu\u1ed1ng Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p, ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p, t\u1eeb ph\u00eda T\u00e2y \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o S\u00e0i G\u00f2n v\u00e0 ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p kh\u00f4ng cho \u0111\u1ecbch th\u00e1o lui. 3- Thu\u1ef7 qu\u00e2n t\u1eeb Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o C\u00f4n L\u00f4n, H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean, \u0111\u00e1nh ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, ch\u1eb7n m\u1ecdi ng\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng cho qu\u00e2n Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh tr\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t ra c\u00e1c h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3o ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ed1n ch\u1ea1y sang Xi\u00eam. \u0110\u1ec3 chu \u0111\u00e1o trong vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3 y\u00ean l\u00f2ng d\u00e2n hai ph\u1ee7 Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i, Quy Nh\u01a1n, ng\u00e0y 28 th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 1792 (t\u1ee9c ng\u00e0y 10 th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m Quang Trung th\u1ee9 5), vua Quang Trung c\u00f3 l\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n cho quan l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n hai ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cB\u00e2y gi\u1edd theo l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea1i huynh, Tr\u1eabm s\u1ebd th\u00e2n chinh c\u1ea7m qu\u00e2n theo hai \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1ef7 b\u1ed9 v\u00e0o","d\u1eb9p gi\u1eb7c, Tr\u1eabm s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eadp tan b\u1ecdn c\u1ef1u Nguy\u1ec5n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1eadp tan m\u1ed9t c\u00e0nh c\u1ee7i kh\u00f4, m\u1ed9t thanh g\u1ed7 m\u1ee5c. C\u00f2n nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n hai ph\u1ee7, c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u1eebng lo \u00e2u \u0111\u1eebng s\u1ee3 gi\u1eb7c, c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1eaft nh\u00ecn, \u0111\u1ec3 tai nghe xem Tr\u1eabm l\u00e0m g\u00ec. C\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, Tr\u1eabm ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn l\u00e0 B\u00ecnh Khang, Nha Trang, nh\u01b0 m\u1ea3nh x\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e0n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e2y vua Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m chi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 su\u1ed1t t\u1eeb d\u1ea3i B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn v\u00e0o t\u1edbi Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p s\u1ebd t\u00fac kh\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu ph\u1ee5c. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ai n\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng Tr\u1eabm v\u00e0 Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea1i huynh l\u00e0 hai anh em ru\u1ed9t, l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng chung m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng m\u00e1u, Tr\u1eabm kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd qu\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3\u201d. Th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1792, th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ngo\u1ea1i giao do ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n V\u0169 V\u0103n D\u0169ng \u0111ang c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i cung \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u00e0 Thanh \u1edf B\u1eafc Kinh v\u00e0 c\u0169ng v\u00e0o l\u00fac Quang Trung \u1edf Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n, Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c \u1edf Quy Nh\u01a1n \u0111ang r\u00e1o ri\u1ebft chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tri\u1ec3n khai k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e1nh t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh v\u00e0 b\u1ecdn can thi\u1ec7p Ph\u00e1p \u1edf Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh. B\u00e0i h\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Quang Trung truy\u1ec1n \u0111i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c binh s\u0129 v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n n\u00f4 n\u1ee9c ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y 20 ng\u00e0y sau, ng\u00e0y 16 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1792, sau m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n b\u1ea1o b\u1ec7nh, Quang Trung \u0111\u00e3 qua \u0111\u1eddi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t l\u1edbn cho s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p T\u00e2y S\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp n\u1ed5i. N\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a vua Quang Trung \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ra, ch\u1eafc t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 sau n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea1c quan h\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0ng Quang Trung \u0111\u00e3 qua \u0111\u1eddi! Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i sao s\u00e1ng, v\u1ee5t t\u1eaft. S\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu l\u1ee1 l\u00e0ng, m\u1ed9t ho\u00e0i b\u00e3o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00e0u m\u1ea1nh ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu d\u1edf dang. R\u1ed3i c\u00f2n ch\u1ecbu mang ti\u1ebfng v\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf t\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng. Nh\u01b0ng ho\u00e0i b\u00e3o v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c, d\u1ef1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a vua Quang Trung c\u00f2n n\u00f3ng h\u1ed5i sinh kh\u00ed c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta. _______________________ (1) T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u tr\u1eef MEP, tr. 268. (2) Th\u01b0 g\u1eedi Lentondal, t\u1eadp Tonkin 700, SEMP, tr. 1416. (3) Th\u01b0 g\u1eedi Letondal, t\u1eadp Tonkin, SMEP, tr. 1458.","T\u00c0I LI\u1ec6U THAM KH\u1ea2O 1. D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n An: \u00d4 ch\u00e2u c\u1eadn l\u1ee5c, bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch B\u00f9i L\u01b0\u01a1ng, V\u0103n ho\u00e1 \u00e1 ch\u00e2u, S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, 1962. 2. Phan Thu\u1eadn An: L\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9 Quang Trung \u1edf Hu\u1ebf trong s\u00e1ch Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 - Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n, Nxb Thu\u1eadn Ho\u00e1, 1986. 3. \u0110\u1ed7 Bang: L\u0103ng Quang Trung m\u1ed9t \u1ea9n s\u1ed1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, b\u00e1o D\u00e2n tr\u00ed, ng\u00e0y 1 - 7 - 1982. . 4. \u0110\u1ed7 Bang: N\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 t\u00ecm l\u0103ng Quang Trung, Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1edbi kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc n\u0103m 1982, Vi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. 5. \u0110\u1ed7 Bang: V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u0103ng Quang Trung \u1edf Hu\u1ebf, T\/c T\u1ed5 Qu\u1ed1c, s\u1ed1 9 n\u0103m 1992. 6. \u0110\u1ed7 Bang v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 - Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n, Nxb Thu\u1eadn Ho\u00e1 1984. 7. \u0110\u1ed7 Bang: Nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u t\u00edch th\u1eddi T\u00e2y S\u01a1n, 10 n\u0103m kh\u1ea3o t\u00ecm v\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129, T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed V\u0103n ho\u00e1 B\u00ecnh Tr\u1ecb Thi\u00ean s\u1ed1 4 n\u0103m 1988. 8. Barrow (J): Voyage Cochinchine en 1973, Tradition de Malte Rum, t\u1eadp II, Q. 177. 9. Cadi\u00e8re (L): Documents relatif\u00e0 l\u00e9poque de Gia Long, B.E.F.E.O., 1912. 10 Cadi\u00e8re (L): Tombeaux, Annamites danh les environs de Hu\u1ebf, B.A.V.H., 1928. 11. \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t qu\u1ed1c th\u01b0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch, S\u00e0i G\u00f2n 1967. 12. Tr\u1ea7n Vi\u1ebft \u0110i\u1ec1n: L\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u0103ng Quang Trung - Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7, b\u00e1o B\u00ecnh Tr\u1ecb Thi\u00ean, ng\u00e0y 4 -12-1987. 13. Tr\u1ea7n Vi\u1ebft \u0110i\u1ec1n: Ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh, Tin Hu\u1ebf, s\u1ed1 48, th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 1988. 14. Tr\u1ea7n Vi\u1ebft \u0110i\u1ec1n: Xung quanh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 gi\u1ea3, b\u00e1o B\u00ecnh Tr\u1ecb Thi\u00ean, ng\u00e0y 21 - 5- 1988. 15. Tr\u1ea7n Vi\u1ebft \u0110i\u1ec1n: L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7: l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh, T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed S\u00f4ng H\u01b0\u01a1ng, s\u1ed1 30 n\u0103m 1988. 16. Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu \u0110\u00ednh: M\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 l\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh \u1edf l\u00e0ng C\u01a1 Ch\u00e1nh, Hu\u1ebf l\u00e0 ai? C\u1ee7a \u00dd \u0110\u1ee9c h\u1ea7u L\u00ea Quang \u0110\u1ea1i hay c\u1ee7a Quang Trung - Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 phong tr\u00e0o T\u00e2y S\u01a1n, Hu\u1ebf 6, 1986. 17. L\u00ea Tr\u1ecdng H\u00e0m: Minh \u0110\u00f4 s\u1eed, Q. 29, Q. 32, Q. 40, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, vi\u1ebft tay, Vi\u1ec7n s\u1eed h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam. 18. Ho\u00e0ng Xu\u00e2n H\u00e3n: La S\u01a1n phu t\u1eed, Minh T\u00e2n, Paris, 1952. 19. Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh Ho\u00e8: Notes sur les cendes des Tay Son danh la prison du Kham \u0110ong, B.A.V.H. - 1914. 20. L\u00ea V\u0103n Ho\u00e0ng: Quang Trung, m\u1ed9 h\u1ed3i k\u00fd, b\u00e1o B\u00ecnh Tr\u1ecb Thi\u00ean, s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y 15 - 2 e 1988. 21. Phan Huy \u00cdch: D\u1ee5 Am ng\u00e2m l\u1ee5c, t\u1eadp 2, Nxb Khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, HN, 1987. 22. Phan Huy \u00edch: D\u1ee5 Am v\u0103n t\u1eadp, t\u01a1 h\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u H\u00e1n N\u00f4m b\u1ea3n ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u 604\/ A. 23. Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng K\u1ef3: \u0110\u00f4ng Hoa to\u00e0n l\u1ee5c, Q. 117, t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u khoa S\u1eed trung \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p - H\u00e0 N\u1ed9t. 24. Ng\u00f4 Cao L\u1ea3ng: L\u1ecbch tri\u1ec1u t\u1ea1p k\u1ef7, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch, Nxb Khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, HN, 1975. 25. L\u00ea Qu\u00fd D\u1eadt s\u1eed, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Phan V\u0103n Th\u00e1m, Nxb Khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1987. 26. Phan Huy L\u00ea: M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 di t\u00edch T\u00e2y S\u01a1n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh ph\u00eda Nam, H\u1ed9i nghi th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc, Vi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc n\u0103m 1977, K\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu. 27. Ng\u00f4 Th\u1eddi Nh\u1eadm: Bang giao h\u1ea3o tho\u1ea1i, b\u1ea3n vi\u1ebft tay, ch\u1eef H\u00e1n. 28. Ng\u00f4 Th\u1eddi Nh\u1eadm, Th\u01a1 v\u0103n, t\u1eadp I, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 29. Ng\u00f4 Gia V\u0103n Ph\u00e1i: Ho\u00e0ng L\u00ea nh\u1ea5t th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ed, V\u0103n ho\u00e1, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1984.","30. Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Nh\u00e2n: C\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao T\u00e2y S\u01a1n, V\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 T\u1eadp. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00edminh, 2001. 31 . Ngu\u1ef5 Nguy\u00ean: C\u00e0n Long ch\u00ednh v\u0169 An Nam k\u00fd, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch, Ho\u00e0ng Xu\u00e2n H\u00e3n, T\u1eadp san S\u1eed \u0111\u1ecba, S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, 1968. 32. Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng: Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1eddi b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng T\u00e2y S\u01a1n, Khai Tr\u00ed, S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, 1968. 33. Qu\u1ed1c s\u1eed qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n: \u0110\u1ea1i Nam ch\u00ednh bi\u00ean li\u1ec7t truy\u1ec7n, Q. 80 Ng\u1ee5y T\u00e2y li\u1ec7t truy\u1ec7n, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch T\u1ea1 Quang Ph\u00e1t. 34. Qu\u1ed1c s\u1eed qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n: \u0110\u1ea1i Nam th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh bi\u00ean, \u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t k\u1ef7, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Vi\u1ec7n S\u1eed h\u1ecdc, t\u1eadp II, \u0110\u1ec7 tam k\u1ef7, t\u1eadp 23. 35. Qu\u1ed1c s\u1eed qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec1u Thanh: \u0110\u1ea1i Thanh th\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c, Q. 1328, 1825, 1829, 1442, 1846, 1551, 1357, 1855, 135Q, 1357, 1363, 1889... t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u d\u1ecbch, khoa S\u1eed tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p H\u00e0 N\u1ed9t. 36. T\u00e2y S\u01a1n thu\u1eadt l\u01b0\u1ee3c, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch T\u1ea1 Quang Ph\u00e1t, t\u1eadp san S\u1eed \u0111\u1ecba, S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, s\u1ed1 9 n\u0103m 1968. 37. T\u00e2y S\u01a1n th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c, b\u1ea3n ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u Khoa S\u1eed tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p H\u00e0 N\u1ed9t. 38. Ti\u00eau Nh\u1ea5t S\u01a1n: \u0110\u1ea1i Thanh Th\u00f4ng s\u1eed, Q.2, \u0110\u00e0i B\u1eafc, 1961. 39. Qu\u00e1ch T\u1ea5n, Qu\u00e1ch Giao: Nh\u00e0 T\u00e2y S\u01a1n, S\u1edf V\u0103n Ho\u00e1 Th\u00f4ng tin Ngh\u0129a B\u00ecnh, 1988. 40. Qu\u00e1ch T\u1ea5n, Qu\u00e1ch Giao: V\u00f5 nh\u00e2n B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh, Nxb Tr\u1ebb, 2001. 41. Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1eafc Xu\u00e2n: M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i di t\u00edch c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u1edf Hu\u1ebf, trong s\u00e1ch T\u00e2y S\u01a1n Thu\u1eadn Ho\u00e1 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p B\u00ecnh Tr\u1ecb Thi\u00ean, 1986. 42. Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1eafc Xu\u00e2n: \u0110i t\u00ecm l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 vua Quang Trung, Vi\u1ec7n s\u1eed h\u1ecdc H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1992. 43. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u H\u1ed9i truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i, Paris (A.M.E.P.), t\u1eadp Tonkin. 44. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba L\u0103ng Ba V\u00e0nh n\u0103m 1977, c\u1ee7a Khoa S\u1eed Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p Hu\u1ebf. 45. T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u0110\u00f4ng Thanh, s\u1ed1 1 n\u0103m 1932. 46. T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed B\u00e1ch Khoa, S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, s\u1ed1 99 v\u00e0 102 n\u0103m 1961. 47. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u tr\u1eef Aux - en - Provence (Ph\u00e1p). 48. U\u1ef7 ban Nh\u00e2n D\u00e2n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Hu\u1ebf - H\u1ed9i Khoa h\u1ecdc L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean Hu\u1ebf. Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n - Thu\u1eadn Ho\u00e1 th\u1eddi T\u00e2y S\u01a1n, K\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o Khoa h\u1ecdc Hu\u1ebf, th\u00e1ng 12 - 2001"]