Body Flipbook 2

Health Science Flipbook Pranavi Yedluri 4B

● Diseases/Disorder Integumentary System ○ Vitilago- immune system attacks and kills melanocytes, causing uneven skin Key Terms pigmentation ● Derm/o-Skin System Research ○ Acne- clogged sebaceous glands, causing ● kerat/o-Hard pimples and blackheads ● xer/o-Dry ● Function ● ○ Alopecia- sudden hair loss ○ Impetigo- bacterial infection of the skin ● xanth/o-Yellow ○ Protect the tissues from damage, body Healthcare Careers ● erythr/o-Red temperature maintenance, excrete ○ Dermatologist- a specialist who diagnoses ● pedicu-/oToenail waste and perception of stimuli and treats conditions of the skin, hair and nails ● onych/o-Nail ● Vocabulary ● myc/o-Fungus ○ Dermatology Technician- a specialized ○ Keratin- a fiber protein that’s in hair, nails medical assitant that works in the ● pil/o-Hair skin-care field and the skin ● lip/o-Fat ○ Keratinization- hardening of older cells ● rhytid/o-Wrinkle ○ Lunula-crescent shaped area at base of ● albin/o-White fingernail ○ Eczema- inflammation of the epidermis, with itching and redness ○ Eccrine- a sweat gland on the forehead, neck, back and palms ○ Apocrine- a sweat gland in the armpit and groin ○ Carotene- a yellow to orange pigment ○ Hemoglobin- a pigment found in the blood ○ Melanin- a pigment that protects the skin from the UV radiation ○ Callus-thickened portion of skin

Musculoskeletal System System Research Key Terms ● Function ● Diseases/Disorder ○ Provide form, support, stability and movement to the body ○ Myorrhexis- tearing of a muscle ○ Dystaxia- lack of muscular coordianation ● my/o-Muscle● Vocabuary ○ Comminuted Fracture- a bone that’s been ● myel/o-Bone ○ Subluxation- partial dislocation of a splintered or crushed ○ Lumbago- pain in the lower back(lower Marrow joint region) ● oste/o-Bone ○ Kyphosis- an outward curvature of ● Healthcare Careers ● cost/o-Ribs the thoracic spine ○ Sports Medicine Physician- treats and ● crani/o-Skull ○ Contracture-shortening of a muscle prevents sports related injuries of the bones, ● -pexy-Fixation ○ Crepitation- an audible crunching joints and muscles that accompanies movement ○ Chiropractors- treat illness and injury of the ● chondr/o-Cartila ○ Lordosis- an inward curvature of a neuromusculoskeletal system ge portion of the vertebral column ● arthr/o-Joint ○ Articulation- where 2 bones come ● -plegia-Paralysis together to make a joint ● kinesi/o-Movem ○ Fascia- a fibrous membrane that ent covers and separates muscles ○ Smooth Muscle- located in the walls of hollow internal structures ○ Muscle fiber- special cells that are able to contract ○ Excitability- muscle fibers receive and respond to stimuli

Nervous System ● Diseases/Disorders Key Terms System Research ○ Cerebral Contusion- bruising in the cerebral tissue ● Function ○ Convulsion- a sudden, involuntary muscle ○ Takes in sensory input, integrates sensory info and contraction lets out motor output ● ○ Dementia- mental deterioration by a brain disease ● neur/o-Nerve● Vocabulary ○ Hemiplegia- paralysis on one side of the ● encephal/o-Brain ○ Efferent- transmit impulses from the CNS to body ● myel/o-Bone marrow effector organs Healthcare Careers ○ Sympathetic- mobilizes body systems during ● ambul/o-To walk activity ○ Neurologist- treat disorders that affect the brain, spinal cord and nerves ● -esthesia-Feeling ○ Parasympathetic- promotes housekeeping ○ Neurosurgeon- treat people with trauma to the brain and spine through surgery ● mening/o-Meninges functions during rest ○ Neuroglia- support, protect and insulate neurons ● psych/o-Mind ○ Nissl Bodies- neuron cell body that synthesizes ● concuss/o-Violently proteins shaken ○ Axon Hillock- controls the firing of the neuron ○ Dendrites-receives info from nerve cells and transports it to the soma ○ Neurons- transmit electrical messages, in CNS and PNS ○ Axon- carries nerve impulses away from the cell body ○ Interneuron- give communication between sensory and motor neurons and CNS

Special Senses Diseases/Disorders Key Terms System Research ● Cataract-clouding of the lens, decreases visual acuity ● Chalazion-hard, cystic mass on eyelid, caused by a Function blocked oil gland ● Detect external stimuli, which are ● Astigmatism-curvature of the cornea, blurs vision ● Presbycusis-age-related hearing loss ● irid/o-Iris then processed to give a response Healthcare Careers ● -cusis-Hearing Vocabulary ● Optometrist-diagnose eye injuries and diseases, ● -opia-Vision ● Sclera-protective part of the they also give eye exams condition fibrous layer ● Audiologist-test patients for hearing loss, refer patients to doctors if there is a problem ● Choroid-prevents light from ● ot/o-Ear ● tympan/o-Eardrum scattering in the eye ● opthalm/o-Eye ● Visual Acuity-point of sharpest ● -metry-Process of ● vision Cataracts- lens becoming hard measuring ● Cochlea-where soundwaves travel ● Vestibule-connects cochlea to semicircular canals ● Papillae-taste buds on the tongue ● Deglutition-swallowing ● Aqueous Humor-cleanses eye, gives nutrients to lens and and cornea ● Vitreous Humor-helps keep retina in place

Key Terms Cardiovascular System ● cardi/o-HeartSystem Research ● angi/o-Blood ● Function vessel ○ Circulate oxygen-rich blood throughout the body ● hem/o-Blood ● Vocabulary ● brady-Slow ○ Diastole-relaxation phase of hearbeat ● tachy-Fast ○ Systole-contraction phase of hearbeat ● thromb/o-Clot ○ Venule-small vein ● emia-Blood ○ Ateriole-small artery condition ○ Atria-chambers in the heart ● leuk/o-White ○ Deoxygenated Blood-oxygen poor blood ● erythr/o-Red ○ Endothelium-inner most lining of vessels ● arteri/o-artery ○ Ventricle-bottom portion of heart ○ Vasodilation-widening of blood vessel ○ Platelet-helps clot the blood ● Diseases/Disorders ○ Anemia-condition where blood doesn’t have many red blood cells ○ Arrhythmia-irregular heartbeat ○ Atherosclerosis-plaque buildup in the arteries ○ Embolus-a mass that travels throughout the blood stream ● Healthcare Careers ○ Cardiologist-specializes in diagnosing and treating heart diseases and conditions ○ Telemetry Nurse-monitors heart rhythm using equipement

Respiratory System Key Terms System Research Diseases/Disorders Function ● Apnea-temporary interupption of breathing ● bronch/o-Bronchus ● Inhaling fresh air, ● Croup-a disease, barking cough and high pitched ● cyan/o-Dark blue exhaling old air, breathing ● Pneumonia-lung inflammation caused by bacteria ● laryng/o-Larynx exchanging CO2 with O2 ● Sputum-mucus coughed up from respiratory tract ● -oxia-Oxygen Vocabulary Healthcare Careers condition ● Mucus-secretion of the ● Pulmonologist-diagnoses and treats conditions of the cardiopulmonary system ● oxy-Oxygen mucous membranes ● Respiratory Therapist-cares for patients that suffer from ● pleur/o-Pleura ● Larynx-voice box, vocal conditions and diseases that affect breathing ● pneum/o-Lung cords ● pulmon/o-Lung ● Hilum-entry for bronchi, ● thorac/o-Chest vessels and nerves ● Inspiration-inhalation ● trache/o-trachea ● Ventiliation-air moving in and out of lungs ● Expiration-exhaling ● Pharynx-throat ● Diaphragm-expands and contracts lungs ● Trachea-windpipe ● Apex-a cone shape with a peak for each lung at the top

Digestive System Diseases/Disorders Key Terms System Research ● Anorexia-depriving oneself of food giving weight loss Function ● Bulimia-gorging with food and then purging ● Ingestion and digestion of food and ● Cirrhosis-liver scarring due to alcohol, drugs or ● cholecyst/o-Gallbladder liquid, absorption of nutrients and virus ● Dental Caries-tooth decay or cavity ● enter/o-Intestines elimination of waste Healthcare Careers ● col/o-Colon Vocabulary ● Gastroenterologist-specialist in conditions and diseases of the digestive system ● Dietian-supervises the preparation and serving of food in any settings ● hepat/o-Liver ● Amylase-breaks chemical bonds between ● gastr/o-Stomach the sugar in starches ● or/o-Mouth ● -pepsia-Digestion ● Bolus-chewed mass of food ● Peristalsis-muscle contraction, pushes food towards stomach ● chol/e-Gall;bile ● Pepsin-an enzyme, breaks down food ● proct/o-rectum molecules ● Chyme-mix of stomach acids and food ● Liver-produces bile, filters toxins out of blood ● Colon-removes water from undigested material ● GI Tract-path from mouth to anus ● Hydrochloric Acid-stomach acid ● Gallbladder-stores bile after produced by liver

Urinary System Diseases/Disorders Key Terms System Research ● Diuresis-increase in urine production Function ● Enuresis-involuntary urine discharge ● Nephrolithiasis-kidney stones ● cele-Hernia ● Filtration, waste storage, excretion, ● Cystolithiasis-bladder stones ● -lysis-Breakdown hormone production, homeostasis Healthcare Careers ● cyst/o-Cyst maintenance ● Urologist-specialist in diseases of urinary system and male reproductive system ● Dialysis Technician-operates machines that remove metabolic waste and excess fluid from the blood ● nephr/o-Kidney Vocabulary ● Catheter-tube used for injecting and removing ● ren/o-Kidney fluids ● -uria-Urination ● Nephrons-basic, functional unit of the kidneys ● -pexy-Surgical ● Creatinine-nitrogenous wate excreted in the fixation urine ● -ectasis-Dilation ● Erythropoitein-hormone, stimulates ● pyel./o-Renal production of red blood cells pelvis ● Glomerulus-tiny ball of capillaries in the kidney ● Hilum-depression in an organ,where vessels enter and leave ● Meatus-opening or canal ● Renin-hormone that raises BP ● Urethra-tube leading from bladder to outside of body ● Urea-major nitrogenous waste excreted from body

Diseases/Disorders ● Infertility-inability to conceive a child Reproductive System System Research ● Pyosalpinx-fallopian tubes are filled with Key Terms pus Function ● Azoosperimai-absence of sperm in semen ● Produce sex cells and to produce ● Testitis-inflammation of the testes ● cervic/o-Cervix offspring Healthcare Careers ● salping/o-Fallopian Vocabulary ● Andrologists-specialist of the male reproductive tube ● Ovulation-release of a mature egg system ● Gynecologist-specialist of the female ● Uterus-houses the developing fetus during reproductive system ● ov/o-Ovum pregnancy ● Menestruation-monthly shedding of the ● orchid/o-Testis ● oophor/o-Ovary uterus ● men/o-Menestruation ● Urethra-canal, carries urine from bladder ● mamm/o-Breast to outside of body ● gynec/o-Female ● Fallopian Tubes-where fertilization takes ● colp/o-Vagina place when sperm is present ● prostat/o-Prostate ● Seminal Vesicles-stores mature sperm ● Cowpers Gland-produce a fluid prior gland ejaculation ● Epididymus-tubes where sperm cells mature ● Prostate Gland-produces a liquid that’s part of semen ● Testicles-where sperm and testosterone are produced