Body Systems Flipbook (1)

Health Science Flipbook Pranavi Yedluri 4B

● Diseases/Disorder Integumentary System ○ Vitilago- immune system attacks and kills melanocytes, causing uneven skin Key System Research ● pigmentation Terms ● Function ○ Acne- clogged sebaceous glands, causing ● Skin ○ Protect the tissues from damage, body pimples and blackheads ● Hard ● Dry temperature maintenance, excrete ○ Alopecia- sudden hair loss ● Yellow ○ Impetigo- bacterial infection of the skin ● Red waste and perception of stimuli ● Townail Healthcare Careers ● Nail ● Vocabulary ● Fungus ○ Dermatologist- a specialist who diagnoses ● Hair ○ Keratin- a fiber protein that’s in hair, nails and treats conditions of the skin, hair and ● Fat nails ● Wrinkle and the skin ● White ○ Dermatology Technician- a specialized medical assitant that works in the skin-care field ○ Keratinization- hardening of older cells ○ Lunula-crescent shaped area at base of fingernail ○ Eczema- inflammation of the epidermis, with itching and redness ○ Eccrine- a sweat gland on the forehead, neck, back and palms ○ Apocrine- a sweat gland in the armpit and groin ○ Carotene- a yellow to orange pigment ○ Hemoglobin- a pigment found in the blood ○ Melanin- a pigment that protects the skin from the UV radiation

Musculoskeletal System System Research Key Terms ● Function ● Diseases/Disorder ○ Provide form, support, stability and movement to the body ○ Myorrhexis- tearing of a muscle ○ Dystaxia- lack of muscular coordianation ● Muscle ● Vocabuary ○ Comminuted Fracture- a bone that’s been ○ Subluxation- partial dislocation of a ● Bone joint splintered or crushed ○ Lumbago- pain in the lower back(lower Marrow ○ Kyphosis- an outward curvature of region) ● Bone the thoracic spine ● Ribs ○ Contracture-shortening of a muscle ● Healthcare Careers ● Skull ○ Crepitation- an audible crunching ● Fixation ○ Sports Medicine Physician- treats and that accompanies movement prevents sports related injuries of the bones, ○ Lordosis- an inward curvature of a joints and muscles ● Cartilage portion of the vertebral column ○ Chiropractors- treat illness and injury of the ● Joint ○ Articulation- where 2 bones come neuromusculoskeletal system ● Paralysis together to make a joint ○ Fascia- a fibrous membrane that ● Movement covers and separates muscles ○ Smooth Muscle- located in the walls of hollow internal structures ○ Muscle fiber- special cells that are able to contract ○ Excitability- muscle fibers receive and respond to stimuli

Nervous System ● Diseases/Disorders Key Terms System Research ○ Cerebral Contusion- bruising in the cerebral tissue ● Function ○ Convulsion- a sudden, involuntary muscle ○ Takes in sensory input, integrates sensory info and contraction ● Nerve lets out motor output ● ○ Dementia- mental deterioration by a brain disease ● Vocabulary ○ Hemiplegia- paralysis on one side of the ● Brain ○ Efferent- transmit impulses from the CNS to body ● Bone marrow ○ effector organs Healthcare Careers Sympathetic- mobilizes body systems during ○ Neurologist- treat disorders that affect the ● To walk activity brain, spinal cord and nerves ○ Neurosurgeon- treat people with trauma to the brain and spine through surgery ● Feeling ○ Parasympathetic- promotes housekeeping functions during rest ● Meninges ○ Neuroglia- support, protect and insulate neurons ● Mind ○ Nissl Bodies- neuron cell body that synthesizes proteins ● Violently ○ Axon Hillock- controls the firing of the neuron shaken ○ Dendrites-receives info from nerve cells and transports it to the soma ○ Neurons- transmit electrical messages, in CNS and PNS ○ Axon- carries nerve impulses away from the cell body ○ Interneuron- give communication between sensory and motor neurons and CNS

Key Terms Special Senses Diseases/Disorders ● Iris System Research ● Cataract-clouding of the lens, decreases visual acuity ● Hearing ● Chalazion-hard, cystic mass on eyelid, caused by a ● Vision Function blocked oil gland condition ● Detect external stimuli, which are ● Astigmatism-curvature of the cornea, blurs vision ● Ear then processed to give a response ● Presbycusis-age-related hearing loss ● Eardrum ● Eye Vocabulary Healthcare Careers ● Process of ● Sclera-protective part of the ● Optometrist-diagnose eye injuries and diseases, measuring fibrous layer they also give eye exams ● Choroid-prevents light from ● Audiologist-test patients for hearing loss, refer scattering in the eye patients to doctors if there is a problem ● Visual Acuity-point of sharpest vision ● Cataracts- lens becoming hard ● Cochlea-where soundwaves travel ● Vestibule-connects cochlea to semicircular canals ● Papillae-taste buds on the tongue ● Deglutition-swallowing ● Aqueous Humor-cleanses eye, gives nutrients to lens and and cornea ● Vitreous Humor-helps keep retina in place

Key Terms Cardiovascular System ● Heart System Research ● Function ● Blood vessel ○ Circulate oxygen-rich blood throughout the body ● Vocabulary ● Blood ○ Diastole-relaxation phase of hearbeat ● Slow ○ Systole-contraction phase of hearbeat ○ Venule-small vein ● Fast ○ Ateriole-small artery ● Clot ○ Atria-chambers in the heart ○ Deoxygenated Blood-oxygen poor blood ● Blood ○ Endothelium-inner most lining of vessels conditio ○ Ventricle-bottom portion of heart ○ Vasodilation-widening of blood vessel n ○ Platelet-helps clot the blood ● White ● Diseases/Disorders ● Red ○ Anemia-condition where blood doesn’t have many red blood cells ● artery ○ Arrhythmia-irregular heartbeat ○ Atherosclerosis-plaque buildup in the arteries ○ Embolus-a mass that travels throughout the blood stream ● Healthcare Careers ○ Cardiologist-specializes in diagnosing and treating heart diseases and conditions ○ Telemetry Nurse-monitors heart rhythm using equipement

Respiratory System Key Terms System Research Diseases/Disorders ● Bronchus Function ● Apnea-temporary interupption of breathing ● Dark blue ● Croup-a disease, barking cough and high pitched ● Larynx ● Inhaling fresh air, ● Oxygen exhaling old air, breathing exchanging CO2 with O2 ● Pneumonia-lung inflammation caused by bacteria condition ● Sputum-mucus coughed up from respiratory tract ● Oxygen Vocabulary ● Pleura Healthcare Careers ● Lung ● Mucus-secretion of the ● Lung mucous membranes ● Pulmonologist-diagnoses and treats conditions of the ● Chest cardiopulmonary system ● trachea ● Larynx-voice box, vocal cords ● Respiratory Therapist-cares for patients that suffer from conditions and diseases that affect breathing ● Hilum-entry for bronchi, vessels and nerves ● Inspiration-inhalation ● Ventiliation-air moving in and out of lungs ● Expiration-exhaling ● Pharynx-throat ● Diaphragm-expands and contracts lungs ● Trachea-windpipe ● Apex-a cone shape with a peak for each lung at the top

Digestive System Diseases/Disorders Key Terms System Research ● Anorexia-depriving oneself of food giving weight loss ● Gallbladder Function ● Intestines ● Bulimia-gorging with food and then purging ● Colon ● Ingestion and digestion of food and ● Cirrhosis-liver scarring due to alcohol, drugs or ● Liver liquid, absorption of nutrients and ● Stomach elimination of waste virus ● Mouth ● Dental Caries-tooth decay or cavity ● Digestion Vocabulary ● Gall;bile Healthcare Careers ● rectum ● Amylase-breaks chemical bonds between the sugar in starches ● Gastroenterologist-specialist in conditions and diseases of the digestive system ● Bolus-chewed mass of food ● Peristalsis-muscle contraction, pushes ● Dietian-supervises the preparation and serving of food in any settings food towards stomach ● Pepsin-an enzyme, breaks down food molecules ● Chyme-mix of stomach acids and food ● Liver-produces bile, filters toxins out of blood ● Colon-removes water from undigested material ● GI Tract-path from mouth to anus ● Hydrochloric Acid-stomach acid ● Gallbladder-stores bile after produced by liver

Urinary System Diseases/Disorders Key Terms System Research ● Diuresis-increase in urine production Function ● Enuresis-involuntary urine discharge ● Nephrolithiasis-kidney stones ● Hernia ● Filtration, waste storage, excretion, ● Cystolithiasis-bladder stones ● Breakdown hormone production, homeostasis maintenance Healthcare Careers ● Urologist-specialist in diseases of urinary system and male reproductive system ● Dialysis Technician-operates machines that remove metabolic waste and excess fluid from the blood ● Cyst Vocabulary ● Kidney ● Catheter-tube used for injecting and removing ● Kidney fluids ● Nephrons-basic, functional unit of the kidneys ● Urination ● Creatinine-nitrogenous wate excreted in the ● Surgical urine fixation ● Erythropoitein-hormone, stimulates production of red blood cells ● Glomerulus-tiny ball of capillaries in the kidney ● Dilation ● Hilum-depression in an organ,where vessels enter and leave ● Renal pelvis ● Meatus-opening or canal ● Renin-hormone that raises BP ● Urethra-tube leading from bladder to outside of body ● Urea-major nitrogenous waste excreted from body

Diseases/Disorders ● Infertility-inability to conceive a child Reproductive System System Research ● Pyosalpinx-fallopian tubes are filled with pus Function Key Terms ● Azoosperimai-absence of sperm in semen ● Produce sex cells and to produce ● Testitis-inflammation of the testes Healthcare Careers ● Andrologists-specialist of the male reproductive ● Cervix offspring system ● Fallopian tube Vocabulary ● Gynecologist-specialist of the female ● Ovulation-release of a mature egg ● Ovum ● Uterus-houses the developing fetus during reproductive system ● Testis pregnancy ● Ovary ● Menestruation-monthly shedding of the uterus ● Menestruation ● Urethra-canal, carries urine from bladder to outside of body ● Breast ● Fallopian Tubes-where fertilization takes ● Female place when sperm is present ● Seminal Vesicles-stores mature sperm ● Vagina ● Cowpers Gland-produce a fluid prior ejaculation ● Prostate gland ● Epididymus-tubes where sperm cells mature ● Prostate Gland-produces a liquid that’s part of semen ● Testicles-where sperm and testosterone are produced