Revision 2

‫يستخدم الماضي التام للتعبير عن حدث في الزمن الماضي‪ .‬عادة ما يكون هناك حدثين ‪ ،‬إحدى‬ ‫الحدثين أقدم من الآخر‪ .‬فالحدث الأقدم يعبر عنه في زمن الماضي التام‪ ،‬أما الحدث الأحدث‬ ‫فيعبر عنه بزمن الماضي البسيط‪.‬‬ ‫مثال‪ :‬قبل ذهابي إلى النوم‪ ،‬تناولت وجبة العشاء‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .2‬تناول وجبة العشاء‪.‬‬ ‫لاحظ أن في هذه الجملة حدثين وهما ‪ .1‬الذهاب إلى النوم‬ ‫الحدث الأول والأقدم تناول وجبة العشاء ‪Past perfect‬‬ ‫الحدث الثاني والأحدث الذهاب إلى النوم ‪Simple past‬‬ ‫وبذلك تكون الجملة في اللغة الإنجليزية على النحو التالي‪:‬‬ ‫‪Before I went to bed, I had eaten my dinner.‬‬ ‫‪Or‬‬ ‫‪I had eaten my dinner before I went to bed‬‬

had not = hadn't I I You He (before the You She had eaten taxi It arrived) He (before the We She they It had not eaten taxi arrived) We they Yes, No, I II had not You You You He before the He He Had She eaten taxi She had She It arrived? It It We We We they they they Key words Before / after When/ As /because

I had eaten an apple before I went to school yesterday. Or I went to school after I had eaten an apple. After ‫ تستخدم عكس استخدام‬Before ‫لاحظ أن‬ Past perfect ........Before……….Simple past. Simple past………..After…………Past perfect. The film had started before I arrived. Or After the film had started, I arrived. As (when) I arrived the station, the train had already left. The car crashed because I had driven so fast. As Rami arrived home, I had already finished cooking. I failed the test because I had not studied for it.

‫ بعد مراجعة القاعدة جيدا قم بالإجابة عن السؤال‬:‫ ـــــــة‬/ ‫والآن عزيزي الطالب‬ .‫التالي‬ Q.1 Study . Then, complete the sentences. 1. A: ____________Jim ever__________ (fly) before his flight last week? B: Yes, he__________. 2. A: ____________your sister____________ (eat) breakfast before she left? B: Yes, she___________. 3. James said he already___________ (see) __________the movie last year. 4. I got lost because I__________ ____________ (forget) to bring a map. 5. They __________ ___________ (not study) English before last year. 6. She___________ ____________ (live) in Leeds before she moved to London. 7. The baby__________ __________ (fall asleep) before eight o'clock. 8. I___________ __________ (not think) of that question before. 9. Sue got wet because she__________ __________ (not bring) an umbrella. 10. He___________ ___________ (own) his car for a year before he sold it. 11. I didn't notice that traffic light__________ ____________ (turn) it. 12. He__________ ___________ (order) rice, but the waiter served him soup.

‫الضمائر الانعكاسية‬ ‫الضمائر الانعكاسية هي ضمائر انعكاسية أي تعود على القائم بالفعل‬ ‫والضمير المنعكس يعد مفعول به لأن الفاعل والمفعول به في الجملة هو‬ ‫نفس الشخص‪.‬‬ ‫‪Subject pronoun‬‬ ‫‪Reflexive pronoun‬‬ ‫الاستخدام‬ ‫‪I‬‬ ‫‪Myself‬‬ ‫اذا كنت تتحدث عن نفسك‬ ‫‪you‬‬ ‫‪yourself‬‬ ‫اذا كنت تتحدث عن شخص آخر‬ ‫‪He‬‬ ‫‪Himself‬‬ ‫مفرد‬ ‫‪She‬‬ ‫‪Herself‬‬ ‫للتحدث عن الشخص المفرد‬ ‫المذكر‬ ‫‪It‬‬ ‫‪Itself‬‬ ‫‪We‬‬ ‫‪Ourselves‬‬ ‫للتحدث عن الشخص المفرد‬ ‫المؤنث‬ ‫‪you‬‬ ‫‪Yourselves‬‬ ‫للتحدث عن الجماد أو الحيوانات‬ ‫‪They‬‬ ‫‪Themselves‬‬ ‫اذا كنت تتحدث عن نفسكم‬ ‫كمجموعة‬ ‫اذا كنت تتحدث مباشرة عن‬ ‫أشخاص آخرين موجودين‬ ‫أمامك‬ ‫اذا كنت تتحدث عن أشخاص‬ ‫غير موجودين‬

I solve the problem myself. My father painted the room himself. The cat heart itself. We are looking at ourselves in the mirror. If Sarah does the homework by herself, I will be proud of her. They film themselves teaching different things. Did you cut yourself, John? ‫فاعل مفرد‬ Did you cut yourselves, boys? ‫فاعل جمع‬ Did you all enjoy yourselves? ‫فاعل جمع‬ Help yourself. ‫فاعل مفرد‬ Help yourselves. ‫فاعل جمع‬

‫ بعد مراجعة القاعدة جيدا قم بالإجابة عن السؤال‬:‫ ـــــــة‬/ ‫والآن عزيزي الطالب‬ .‫التالي‬ Q.1 Use the reflexive pronouns in the word box to complete the sentences. Then underline the person, people, or noun to which the pronoun is referring. Myself yourself herself himself itself Ourselves yourselves themselves 1. George and Marry did the project all by …………….. 2. I wondered about that ………… 3. Adam hurt ………….. When he was playing hockey. 4. The calculator will turn ……………. Off when it is not being used. 5. Make sure you clean ………… up before the party starts. 6. Julia dusted ………….. off before she got back on the horse. 7. You and I have to ask …………. That question. 8. Do you boys think you can handle this……………..? Q.2 Complete the sentence with the correct pronoun.

1. Ben always wanted his children to after ……… and do what they wanted. a. Themselves b. ourselves c. herself 2. Once there was a young girl who called …….. princess. a. Myself b. herself c. himself 3. Unfortunately My cat went too near the lamp and the fur in his tail got fired …….. and it run and jump into the water. a. Itself b. yourselves c. themselves 4. Ann had watched birds fly by throwing ……… into the air. a. Yourselves b. themselves c. ourselves