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Case Study On High-Rise Md: Abdur Rouf Group-01 (BBAARRCC191092002170011730) 13 Md: Abdur Rouf Most: Nargis AkteLr -(B3A/RTC-219(0M20)17017) Jahanara Akter (BSAuRbC:1U90r1b0a1n60D28e)sign-01 Sonargaon University

• Introduce 6. Structural Part • Types of loads 1. Introduction • Definition • Types of structure • Types of core C• OImNpoTrEtaNncTeSof high-rise 2. History • Ancient age • Neo 7. Mechanical • HVAC system System • Medieval age modernism • Industrial age • Post- modernism 3. Classification• Type of high rise • High-tech 8. Electrical • Local Supply System • Generator of high-rise • Part of high-rise building • Solar Panel 4. Standard • BNBC 9. Plumbing system analysis • FAR 10. Fire fighting system • Time Sever 11. Local case study 12. International case study Standard • Neufert 5. Architectural • Concept • Site & surrounding Part • Form analysis • Parking access • Position • Circulation • Environmental • Screening & fabrication • Social connectivity • Façade • Orientation • Materials • Entry & exist • Lighting • Zoning • Section & elevation • Program • Core area • Floor plan • Zoning • Program • Floor plan

Beginning of High-Rise High-rise building is a multi-story building tall Importance of high-rise enough to require the use of a system of mechanical vertical transportation such as High-rise Buildings are product of our time and elevators. temporary solutions for the problems they create. In recent years, developed countries have emerged as The first high-rise buildings were constructed centers for new high-rise buildings. Land is scarce and in the United States in the 1880s. They expensive particularly in big cities like Japan , where tall arose in urban areas where increased land buildings represents the best solution for solving the prices and great population densities created problem , as a product of need , while in Egypt the a demand for buildings that rose vertically situation differs, only 4 % of Egypt terrain, where nearly rather than spread horizontally, thus the entire population has chosen to live, where tall occupying less precious land area. buildings used as a tool to achieve high density development. High-rise buildings were made practicable by the use of steel structural frames and glass exterior sheathing. By the mid-20th century, such buildings had become a standard feature of the architectural landscape in most countries in the world. What is Heigh-Rise ? \"A building with an occupied floor located more than 75 feet above the lowest level of fire The reasons for adopting high-rise buildings could be solutions for density problems and department vehicle access.” (IBC Section-202 of 2015) lack of available land for development \"\"AA mbuuildti-insgtorwy isthtruacnturoeccbueptwieedenflo3o5r–1lo0c0atmedeter\"sA(11m5u–l3ti-2s8tofrty) tasltl,ruocrtuarebuibldeitnwgeoefnun3k5n–o1w0n0 Increasing demand for business and residential spaces. mfh\"ireoeAirgdebheutpihlfadraorinntmmg7se15n21tf–5ev3mee9thafailcnobldoeorvaaseb.c”oct(hevEeesmspil.noo”rwishesetsaigtnhdlaetrvd(iser)rleosfpecumtniveketneoorswf int(s1h1oe5cig–ch3ut2pf8aronmcfty))1t2ias–llc3,o9nofsrloidoaersreb.”duiladsinHgigohf Economic growth. (RIBiCseSeBctuioinld-2in02gosf.2” 0(1N5B)CI-2016) (Emporis standards) Technological advancements. Innovations in structural systems. \" A high-rises Building as more then 10 stories or at least 33 meter height.” (BNBC-2008) The desire for aesthetics in urban settings. ? Advantages Disadvantages \" A buildings 15m and above in height \" A high-rises Building as more then 10 i. They save space and i. The construction of very tall (irrespective of its occupancy) is considered stories or at least 33 meter height.” accommodate more residents buildings requires highly skilled as High Rise Buildings.” as compared to shorter engineers and architects to (BNBC-2008) buildings. design the building, thus (NBCI-2016) increasing the total cost. ii. The higher floors are relatively more airy and receive more ii. Very tall buildings bear wind sunlight. forces and seismic forces apart from dead and live loads. iii. They are much more economical as buying a small iii. Constant oscillations may give land and constructing a tall a nauseating feeling to the building is more affordable residents of the building. than purchasing a widespread land.

History Industrial Age ( 1750AD. to 1920AD.) Ancient age (3000 BC to 476AC) The biggest impact i. Sky, a semantic symbol of faith and clearness to God. of the Industrial ii. Showing of power and supreme Revolution on 19th century architecture was the mass- production of iron and later steel in quantities where it became an economically plausible building material Home insurance building Year: 1885A.D. Type: Office Building Height: 138 feet height. Neo Modernism(1950 AD. to 1985 AD.) Post-Modernism Neomodern architecture continues Modern (1960 AD. to 1990 AD.) architecture as a dominant form of architecture in Postmodern architecture is a style or the 20th and 21st centuries, especially in movement which emerged in the 1960s corporate offices. It tends to be used for certain as a reaction against the austerity, segments of buildings formality, and lack of variety of modern architecture, particularly in the international style advocated by Philip The Great Pyramid Stonehenge Johnson and Henry-Russell Hitchcock. Location: Giza in Egypt Year: 3100B.C. i. Sculptural forms. Height: 138m Materials: Stone. Built: 2560 BC Style: monumental, Temple ii. Symmetricity and symbolism. Material: Mainly limestone, mortar, some Height: 76 feet tall. granite High-tech(1970 AD. to Present) Medieval Age( 476 AD. TO 1492 AD.) Medieval architecture is architecture common in the Middle Ages, and includes religious, civil, and military buildings. Styles include pre-Romanesque, Romanesque, and Gothic. Year: 1092 A.D. High-tech architecture focuses Materials: stone, white marble. Style: church complex. TC Energy Center ,U.S.A on creating adaptable buildings through Height: 55.86 meters (183.27 feet) Year: 1983 choice of materials, internal structural elements, and programmatic design. It Height: 780 feet (240 m) or 56 stories seeks to avoid links to the past, and as Structure: composite structure such eschews building materials commonly used in older styles of architecture.

Classification of Basically high -rise two categories: i. Using Height ii. Using Purpose Using height high -rise is three types: i. Mid –Rise: 5 to10floors or 15-35 meter . ii. High –Rise :10to35floorsor 35-110 meter. . iii. Sky Scraper: More than 35 floor . Using Purpose : Using is Mid -Rise High -Rise Sky Scraper there Purpose i. Monumental High –Rise ii. Residential High-Rise iii. Commercial High-Rise Monumental High –Rise This type of high-rise is made only for monumental purpose. These are built only for landmark Residential High- Parts of High-Rise Rise Header Residential high-rise is Body made for residential purpose. These are multi functional buildings too. In a same building it has different activities Like Hotel, Restaurant, apartment, mosque, roof Shangri-La at the Fort top garden . High-rise Commercial High- Rise This type of high-rise is made for commercial Base purpose. These are multi functional buildings. In a same building it has BASE/PODIUM different activities like office, Generally the base of the high rise factory, restaurant, gym, is called podium. The height of the club etc. podium will be maximum 12m & The Ruby, Mumbai maximum ground coverage are 75% of total land.

Building height 33 m or 10 storied: R o Front: 5’-0” a Side: 10’-0” d Back: 10’-0” FAR Ground Coverage : Standard i. The distance of building from the road will be not less than 14’-7” from center of the road or 4’-11”feet distance from the plot layout area. ii. Paved area maximum 50% of uncovered space. Green area will be 50% of uncovered space. iii. Shades on this paved area can be provided where the minimum height should be 13.12 feet from ground level or 9.8 4feet from plinth level Guard room: Guard room height will be 8’-3” from finished ground level & the maximum floor area will be 5 sqm . Set Back Of Basement : i. Basement can extant to the 50% mandatory open space. ii. Roof of the basement – 4.9feet from road level Boundary Wall : Maximum height for boundary wall is 9.02feet For front wall, a solid height is 3.28 & perforated height is 5.70feet. For side wall solid height is 6.06feet & perforated height is 3.28feet. Podium: The height of the podium will be maximum 39.37feet with parapet. MGC of the podium 75% 1.podium ( 75 % of the site ) 2. tower ( 50 % of the site ) 3. core ( 25 - 30 % of the tower) Balcony: Railing height of the balcony maximum 3’-10”feet Balcony must not extend above the set back area. Stair: - Width of stair commercial building: Office ----------------------------------------------4’-11” Small shop and market------------------------ 4’-11” Large shop and market------------------------ 6’-6” Others --------------------------------------------- 4’-11” Trade & Riser: Riser ------------------------- 6.88 inch (Maximum) Trade -------------------------8.85inch (minimum ) Head room------------------ 84.6 inch

Ramp: i. Slope of ramp should be 1:8 ii. Preparation length of the ramp should be a minimum of 7.38 feet clear height. Lift: i. Lift lobby = 4.92feet X 4.92feet ii. Lift control switch height = 2.62feet -3.93feet iii. Door width min = 2.62feet Toilet: i. Every floor must be 1 washroom or 5% of total toilets including physically challenged people. Size min:5‘x5’

Architectural Part Parking What is parking ? Parking is the act of stopping and disengaging a vehicle and leaving it unoccupied. Parking on one or both sides of a road is often permitted, though sometimes with restrictions. Some buildings have parking facilities for use of the buildings users. Countries and local governments have rules for design and use of parking spaces. Type Of Parking 01. On-Street Parking 4’-11” i. Parallel Parking ii. 30 Degree parking 15’-2” 5’-9” iii. 45 Degree parking iv. 60 Degree parking 8’-10” v. 90 Degree parking(Right Angle) 02. Off- Street Parking i. Split-level or Staggered-Floor Systems. ii. Sloping-Floor Systems iii. Ramp Systems iv. Mechanical Elevator Garages Parallel parking The vehicles are parked along the length of the road. There is no backward movement involved while parking or un-parking the vehicle. Hence, it is the most safest parking from the accident perspective also a minimum number of vehicles can be parked . There are need 4’-0” safety space front and back side of car and 11’-6” width space for one way drive way . 30 degree parking The vehicles are parked at 30 degree with respect to the road alignment. In this case, more vehicles can be parked compared to parallel parking. Also there is better maneuver-ability. In this parking there is no two way parking only one-way parking and exiting is very simple. 15’-3” 9’-10” 15’-3” 9’-0”

45 degree parking Parking Standard Toilet In this parking system, the more Need in Office Toilets Per Person The number of toilets you will need for an number of vehicles can be parked. office space is covered under Regulation 20 of the Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Hence compared to parallel parking Regulations 1992. and thirty degree parking, more number 19’-10” If your workforce is entirely female or a mixed group, there must be: of vehicles can be accommodated in One way- 13’-0” this type of parking. The vehicles are parked at 45 degree with respect to the Two way- 24’-0” road alignment. There are need 19’- 10” length and 9’-0” width for regular parking and 12’-6” for physically challenge people. In this type of parking driveway need space for one way 13’- 0” and two way 24’-0”. 60 degree parking The vehicles are parked at 60 to the direction of road. The more number of 21’-0” vehicles can be accommodated in this If your workforce is entirely male, you should One way- 18’-0” parking type. There are need 21’-0” length & 9’-0” width for regular parking Need in Shops and Shopping Cpreonvitdee:rs Toilets Per Person For public and 12’-6” for physically challenge buildings such as shops and shopping centers with a retail area in excess of 1,000 m2, there should be: Two way- 27’-0” people. In this type of parking driveway The number of male/female customers in shops and shopping need space for one way 18’-0” and two centers should be calculated at 35% male and 65% female way 27’-0”. (unless other information is available). 90 degree parking 20’-0” Turning Radius Need in Shops and Shopping Two way- 24’-0” Centers Toilets Per Person For In right angle parking or 90 degree public buildings such as shops and parking, the vehicles are parked shopping centers with a retail area in perpendicular to the direction of the excess of 1,000 m2, there should be: road. Although it consumes maximum The number of male/female width length required is very little. In customers in shops and shopping this type of parking, the vehicles need centers should be calculated at 35% complex maneuvering and this may male and 65% female cause severe accidents. However, it (unless other information is can accommodate maximum number available). of vehicles for a given length. Parking For Physically Challenge People Toilet Size: 5’-0”x3’-0” Disabled = 5’-0”x5’-0” Urinal Size = 2’-6” Door width Min. = 2’-1”

Vertical circulation Multiple Parallel Escalator: Step Type Escalator : Vertical circulation is how people move Multiple Parallel two or more escalators This is the most common type of up and down within the building, so are those escalators which together escalator which is quite resurgent includes things like stairs, lifts, ramps, travel in a single direction next to one these days' his escalator is designed to ladders, and escalators which allow us or two escalators in the same space be quite safer as compared to any to move from one level to another. that travels in the other direction. other type of escalator. Vertical circulation are Elevators Every floor must have 1 washroom ,Escalators, Stairs ,Ramp Crisscross Escalator : or 5% of total toilets including physically challenged people. Escalator Crisscross escalators are the most Circulation An escalator is a moving staircase that popular arrangements of escalators accessible carries people between floors of a Circulation refers to the way people building or structure. Parwahlliechl Eplsacceaslathteore:ntrance and exit to Wheelchair move through and interact with a Types of Escalator building. In public buildings, 1. Parallel Escalator. Pariatslleulpepesrcaalandtorloswaerreetnhdosaet ttyhepes oEfsecsaclaatlaotro:rs which face in the circulation is of high importance; 2. Spiral Parallel Escalator. opposite end of the escalator. Wheelchair-accessible escalators are Structures such as elevators, 3. Multiple Parallel Escalator. those escalators that have an escalators, and staircases are often 4. Crisscross Escalator. sam• eCindeimreacHtaiollsn. referred to as circulation elements, 5. Curved Escalator. par••aADllierepploarerttsmsceantlaaltsotorrsesare as they are positioned and designed 6. Step Type Escalator. • Malls commonly usaettedndianntplian cceasselikife:someone in a to optimize the flow of people 7. Wheelchair accessible Escalator. the through a building, sometimes Parallel Escalator: wheelchair is in need to use through the use of a core. In some Parallel escalators are those types of escalator, it will get stopped. situations, one-way circulation is escalators which face in the same desirable. direction. • Metro Station There are 2type of circulation parallel escalators are commonly used i. Horizontal Circulation in places like: • Public Buildings ii. 2. Vertical circulation • Malls • Metro Station Curved Escalator : Horizontal Circulation: • Public Buildings A curved escalator is the one which If circulation is described as being Spiral Parallel Escalator: is designed in a special manner horizontal, it refers to how people including curved or helical shape move in and around on a particular The spiral parallel escalator is the with curved steps floor or level. arrangement that forces the users to 1.Lobby walk around as these are installed at 2.Corridor places that have a too long walking area.





Structural Part. • Types of structure System: • Types of loads: i. Rigid Frames. ii. Braced Frames. i. Vertical Loads iii. Shear walls, Coupled walls & Cores. ii. Horizontal Loads iv. Tube Structure iii. Unexpected Deflections iv. Winds Loads 1.Tube in Tube Structures: v. Earthquake Loads 2.Steel Rigid Frame Tubes. 3.Braced Frame Tubes. Vertical loads: 4.Bundled Tubes Structures. v. Outrigger Structures. Vertical loads, or gravity loads, are those forces that are applied perpendicular to the roof or floor system. These are separated into Rigid Frames: two categories Dead Loads and Live Loads. This could include the buildings insulation, drywall, wood studs, flooring, brick veneer etc. In rigid frame structure, beams and columns are constructed monolithically to with stand moments imposed due to loads. It is suitable for reinforced concrete Horizontal loads: buildings. It may be used in steel construction as well, but the connections will be costly. Members of rigid frame system withstand bending moment, shear force, and Owing to the large influence of horizontal stiffening on axial loads. 20 to 25 stored buildings can be constructed using rigid frame system. structure design, the calculation of lateral loads should be carefully scrutinized. The lateral loads generally arise Advantages of Rigid Frame Disadvantages of Rigid Frame from unexpected deflections, wind and earthquake structure: structure: loads. i. Rigid frames typically impose i. In frames structures, span Unexpected Deflections: smaller forces on foundations lengths are usually limited when than do other structural systems. normal reinforced concrete Unexpected deflections may arise when imperfections in the elements occur during ii. Rigid frames are provide (generally less than about 13 m, the manufacturing or if the foundation is uneven due to an inhomogeneous site. Any architectural freedom in design.. but up to about 15 m). unexpected deflection causes additional lateral forces and must be considered. iii. Rigid frame structures have ii. frames are flexible structures economical designs. and lateral deflections control the Winds Loads: design process for buildings with greater than about 4 stories Wind load is primarily horizontal load caused by the movement of air relative to earth. Wind load is required Braced Frames: to be considered in structural design especially when the A braced frame is a structure system design to resist wind and earthquake forces. heath of the building exceeds two times the dimensions Member in a frame are not allowed to sway laterally suitable for building up to transverse to the exposed wind surface. efficient Height limits 20-30 stories. Earthquake Loads: Beam Earthquake load takes place due to the inertia force produced in the building because Column of seismic excitations. Inertia force is varies with the mass. The higher mass of the Slab structure will imply that the earthquake loading will also be high. Bracing

Advantages of Braced Frame Disadvantages of Braced Frame structure: i. The Bracing systems are used to structure: resists the buckling of the main i. The length of the span of the beam in the structure. ii. It is cost-effective and very easy, structures is restricted up to 40 feet and flexible to design and get the required strength and stiffness. when reinforced. iii. The Braced frames have good resistance to high-speed winds ii. The construction of the bracing and seismic forces as compared to the non-braced buildings. systems required skilled workmanship. iii. Altitude-dependent changes in seismic region. Advantages of Braced Frame Disadvantages of Braced Frame structure: structure: Shear walls, Coupled walls & Cores : i. For tubular structures, a higher i. Higher Initial Cost / Less Availability. It is a continuous vertical wall constructed from reinforced concrete or masonry wall. ii. Susceptibility To Buckling. Shear walls withstand both gravity and lateral loads, and it acts as narrow deep strength to weight ratio can save cantilever beam. Reinforced concrete walls are normally used. Shear wall structural up to 30% in steel. system can be economical up to 35 stories building structure. ii. For dynamic loads, the vibration frequency of the pipe is higher than any other rolling section. iii. Easy to manufacture and install & easy to maintain. Outrigger Structures: Outrigger are rigid horizontal structures designed to improve building overturning stiffness and strength by connecting the core or spine to closely spaced outer columns. The central core contains shear walls or braced frames. The outriggers are in form of walls in reinforced concrete building and trusses in steel structures. Practically, Outrigger systems used for buildings up to 70 stories. Nonetheless, it can be used for higher buildings. Advantages of Shear Wall Structure: Disadvantages of Shear Wall Advantages of Outrigger structure: Disadvantages of Outrigger i. These walls provide more Structure: i. Reduce overturning moments and structure: i. Requires large moment i. Outrigger systems interfere with strength, stability, and stiffness to building drift. a building. connections. ii. Reduce forces in the core's the occupy able and rentable ii. Reduce lateral sway of a building. ii. They have a flimsy appearance. space. iii. Easy to construct and easily iii. This type of wall does not have foundations to provide further implemented at the site. economy. iv. Effective in minimizing any openings. earthquake damage in structural iv. Shuttering this type of wall and non-structural elements. requires skilled labor. v. Supervision is required . Tube Structures: Tube in Tube Structures: Tube-in-Tube Building generally consists of an inner tube to aid vertical transportation demand and an outer tube which comprises of dense columns and deep beams. It is the most commonly used structural system for high-rise building with more than 50 stored.

What is Core: Service core types & placement: In architecture, a core is a vertical space used for circulation and services. A core Central Core: may include staircases, elevators, electrical cables, water pipes. A core allows people In a central-core building, the core location is inside the perimeter of the building to move between the floors of a building, and distributes services efficiently to the form, surrounded on all sides by lettable floor area. In a perimeter-core building, the floors. service core is located on the perimeter of the building form, but does not project beyond it. Service cores can solve following element: Split Core: i. Elevator shafts inclusive of the elevator cars and equipment inside them The Split core divides the core with a central space, all components of the core are ii. Elevator lobby into which the elevator shafts open accessed from this central space. iii. Staircases usually consisting of a main staircase . End Core: iv. Fire-protected lobbies where these are required, depending on the The end core are located in one end side of building. All core service are provide from end space of building. configuration and level of fire protection, building type and size. Atrium Core: v. Toilets which usually consist of male and female toilets, disabled persons An atrium is a large open-air or skylight-covered space surrounded by a building. Users like atria because they create a dynamic and stimulating interior that provides toilets, and executive toilets, where provided. shelter from the external environment while maintaining a visual link with that vi. mechanical vertical services riser-ducts, electrical power and lighting environment. distribution, water distribution. Type of core: For the placement of identity core are four types: i. Central Core ii. Split Core iii. End Core iv. Atrium Core

Mechanical

07. Mechanical System HVAC– Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) is the use of various technologies to control the temperature, humidity, and purity of the air in an enclosed space. Its goal is to provide thermal comfort and acceptable indoor air quality.

07. Mechanical System HVAC system selection: System selection depends on three main factors including the building configuration, the climate conditions, and the owner desire . The design engineer is responsible for considering various systems and recommending more than one system to meet the goal and satisfy the owner of a building. Some criteria can be considered such as climate change ( temperature, humidity, and space pressure), building capacity, spatial requirements, cost such as capital cost, operating cost, and maintenance cost, life cycle analysis, and reliability and flexibility. Basic components of an HVAC system: i. Mixed-air plenum and outdoor air control xv. Humidification and dehumidification ii. Air filter equipment iii. Supply fan iv. Exhaust or relief fans and an air outlet v. Outdoor air intake vi. Ducts vii. Terminal devices viii. Return air system ix. Heating and cooling coils x. Self-contained heating or cooling unit xi. Cooling tower xii. Boiler xiii. Control xiv. Water chiller

07. Mechanical System AC System: Air conditioning (often referred to as AC, A/C or air con) is a system used to cool down the temperature in an inside space by removing the existing heat and moisture from the room. In simple terms, an air conditioning system controls the temperature, humidity and air quality in indoor spaces. Required AC according to spaces is varied for function to function and position of the floor. But usually the slandered used: i. Up to 100 Sft Room - 0.8 Ton ii. Up to 150 Sft Room - 1.0 Ton iii. Up to 250 Sft Room - 1.5 Ton iv. Up to 400 Sft Room - 2.0 Ton The Different Types of Air Conditioning Systems: i. Window Air Conditioners. ii. Portable Air Conditioners. iii. Wall Hung Split or Multi Head Split Air Conditioners. iv. Ducted Air Conditioning.

07. Mechanical System Window Air Conditioners. Portable Air Conditioners Wall Hung Split or Multi Head Split Air Conditioners. Ducted Air Conditioning.

07. Mechanical System Duct AC System: The ducted air conditioning provides heating or cooling through a system of ducts spread out all over your home or commercial space. A central unit, consisting of a condenser, compressor, and an air handling unit, is usually located in the basement, attic, or garage. It provides cool or hot air, which is then distributed throughout the building through a series of ducts and vents, providing the appropriate climate control. Advantages of Duct AC system: Disadvantages of Duct AC system : i. Easy to control. Ducted air conditioning i. It requires work and a complicated installation. systems are controlled via a simple to ii. Its high cost. operate push button keypad that is conveniently located in a high traffic area of your property. ii. Powerful and comprehensive cooling for larger spaces iii. Ceiling mounted ducts that blend into the property iv. Less noise.

08. ELECTRICAL SYSTEM What is electrical system: An electric system consists of all of the elements needed to distribute electrical power, including overhead and underground lines, poles, transformers, and other equipment. Types Of Electrical Supply: i. Local Supply ii. Generator iii. Solar Panel Local Supply: Local supply is the operation of an organizational form with either the legal ability, or in partnership with another agency with that ability, to supply electricity to commercial and domestic consumers predominantly. Generator: a generator is a device that converts motive power (mechanical energy) into electrical power for use in an external circuit. Sources of mechanical energy include steam turbines, gas turbines, water turbines, internal combustion engines, wind turbines and even hand cranks. Solar Panel: A solar cell panel, solar electric panel, photo-voltaic module or just solar panel is an assembly of photo- voltaic cells mounted in a framework for installation. Solar panels use sunlight as a source of energy to generate direct current electricity.

08. ELECTRICAL SYSTEM Electrical Substation: a substation is a facility housing equipment that switches, transforms or converts high voltage electricity from a generating station into lower voltages that are easier and safer to distribute to homes, shops, small businesses and other consumers.

08. ELECTRICAL SYSTEM Electrical Supply In Building : i. Lift : 415 V More . 3 Phase Connection. ii. House : 220 V ac line Lights, fan, AC, geyser, TV, Refrigerator, theater, Computer etc. iii. Generator : 220 voltage line ( Light, fan) & 415V above Lift running . iv. Duct Size : (30 x12) inch . Electro - Mechanical Room: i. Transformer Room: Electrical device that transfers electrical energy from one electrical circuit to another without changing the frequency. ii. Sub – Distribution :This board installed midway through the power distribution system . iii. Low tension Room: power supply can be around 230v for a single phase connection and 400 v for a three phase connection . iv. High tension Room: An ht power distribution system simply means a high while voltage distribution system while an lt is a low voltage or tension power distribution system.

09. PLUMBING SYSTEM What is fire plumbing system: Plumbing system means the water supply and distribution pipes; plumbing fixtures, faucets and traps; soil, waste and vent pipes; and water-treating or water-using equipment. Types Of Wastewater: i. Black Water: Origin-toilet fixtures, dishwashers, and food preparation sinks . ii. Gray Water: Origin- non-toilet and food fixtures(bathroom sinks, laundry machines, bathtubs). iii. Yellow Water: This is basically urine collected with specific channels and not contaminated with either black water or gray water. Types Of Pipes: Soil Pipe : A soil pipe is a pipe that conveys sewage or wastewater reliably, either from the toilet or sink to a soil drain or sewer.

09. PLUMBING SYSTEM Waste Pipe: a pipe for draining liquid waste or excess liquids. Vent Pipe: Also called a vent stack or plumbing air vent, the vent pipe regulates airflow to assure waste and water flows through pipes that drain out of your house Also called a vent stack or plumbing air vent, the vent pipe regulates airflow to assure waste and water flows through pipes that drain out of your house

09. PLUMBING SYSTEM Rainwater Pipe: A rainwater downpipe is a pipe that is used to direct rainwater away from a building, typically from roof guttering to a drainage system. Anti-siphonage Pipe: An extra pipe connected to the outlets of toilet seats of all the floors, the other end of which is exposed to atmosphere is called anti-siphonage pipe.

09. PLUMBING SYSTEM Pipe Size: Water pressure: i. Water in a typical 10 stored building exerts a pressure of 3.3 ii. Water in 30 stored tall building will exerts a pressure of = 3.3 X (pressure exerted by water in 10 stored building)

09. PLUMBING SYSTEM Developing drainage system: One Pipe System: In this system of plumbing the waste connections from sinks, baths, washbasins, and the soil pipe which is connected directly to the drainage system. This System Is Costly And Difficult To Construct Ventilation Is Arrangement Of Pipe Work Is Difficult. Two Pipe System: In this system, two pipes are provided. One pipe collects the foul water and lavatory wastes, whereas the second pipe collects the unfoul water from kitchen, bathrooms, house washings, rain water etc. The soil pipes (pipes carrying the soil waste) are directly connected to the drain, whereas the waste pipes (pipes carrying unfoul water) are connected through the trapped gully. All the traps used in this system are fully ventilated.

09. PLUMBING SYSTEM Single-Stack System: This is similar to single pipe system, the only difference being that no ventilation is provided even in the traps too.

09. PLUMBING SYSTEM Water Supply Proble Slove in Burj Khalifa: 48

10. FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM What is fire fighting system: A fire fighting system is an activity of prevention during a fire spread in building, home or warehouse with the use of proper fire safety equipment like extinguisher, hose reels, fire monitors, nozzles and hose pipes. Types of Fire Suppression Systems: i. Water-Based Fire Suppression Systems. ii. Chemical Foam Suppression Systems iii. Pneumatic Heat Detection Tube iv. Pressurized Gas System v. Foam Deluge Systems i. Water-Based Fire Suppression Systems: One of the most common types of fire protection systems uses water to knock out fires. You’ve likely seen sprinkler systems in many businesses and some homes. Water is housed in a reservoir and or connected to the water supply.

10. FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM ii. Chemical Foam Suppression Systems: One of the most common places for fires to start is in the kitchen because of a cooking mishap or hot grease. Chemical foam systems are designed for these types of conditions. They are placed under cooking canopies and cause little damage and are easy to use. It’s more expensive than several other systems and requires pipe-work and fittings made from stainless steel. iv. Pneumatic Heat Detection Tube: The pneumatic heat detection tube is an extinguisher with a fire detection system. Once the temperature reaches a certain level, it blows a small hole in the pipe, and the extinguisher foam puts out the fire. This is an inexpensive method and easily installed, but it’s only effective on small fires. It’s also small and easily transported to another location.

10. FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM iv. Pressurized Gas System: A pressurized gas system, the gas is kept as a liquid under pressure using liquid gas. When a fire is detected, the system releases the gas, and it has a chemical reaction with the fire to extinguish it. It’s an effective firefighting technology. iv. Foam Deluge Systems: A foam deluge system is used in areas where water suppression isn’t possible such as transformers and oil tanks. When a fire is detected, water mixes with the foam to expand it and fire. This is perfect for outside areas, but it does create a large mess that requires clean-up.

10. FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM Causes of fire hazard in high rise building: i. Electricity – neglect or misuse of wiring can lead to short circuits. ii. Rubbish and waste material – fire is likely to spread through accumulated waste. iii. Smoking – carelessly discarded cigarette butts or lit matches are one of the major causes of fire. iv. Cooking – kitchens provide opportunities for​ a fire to start and materials on which it can feed. v. Heating appliances – portable heaters are a threat when placed beside combustible furniture or fittings. vi. Gas line blast- Damage gas line can blast. vii. Terrorist attack – Unexpected attack like bomb and any type attack can cause for fire hazard. Damages From Fire Hazard : i. Damage of the buildings ii. Furniture and goods burn iii. Peoples burns in the fire iv. Some time the economy is v. effected for the fire like world trade center.

10. FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM FAR Rules For High-Rise Building: Corridors And Passageways width will be define by user of per floor: i. 0.9 meter or 2.9 feet for 50 or less. ii. 1 meter or 3.6 feet for more than 50 person. iii. 4 meter or 7.8 feet in health care building where movement of bed is necessary. iv. 1.8 meter or 5.9 feet in educational building or where more than 150 person. v. Minimum clear height of the corridors should be 2.4 meter or 7.8 feet. Doorways: i. The width of a doorway shall not less than 1 meter or 3.2 feet and the height not less than 2 meter or 6.5 feet. ii. No sliding or hanging door shall be used as a means of exit. iii. Revolving doors shall not be used. iv. Exit doors shall not open directly at the flight of a stair. v. No power operated door shall not be used. Fire Stair: i. For Residential area use 1m to 1.5m. ii. For Commercial use 2m Number Of Exit For High-Rise: i. If Building height more than 33m & per floor are more than 500sqm there is need 2 exit . ii. If per floor have 4 residential unit & the exit distance will be 23m. iii. User person 50 & the exit distance will be 23m.

10. FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM IN Local Project Fire Alarm Sprinkler Fire Stair Fire Stair Fire Stair Fire Stair

10. FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM IN Local Project Fire Stair Fire Stair Fire Stair

Local Project Case Study Group-01 Md: Abdur Rouf (BARC1902017013) MMosdt:: NAabrgdisuArkRteor (uBfARC1902017017) JBaAhaRnCa1ra9A0k2t0er1(7B0A1R3C1901016028) L-3/T-2 (M) Sub: Urban Design-01 Sonargaon University

IMAGES Architect : A.F.M.Mohiuddin Akhand Located in Progoti Shoroni, bti Premier Plaza is on a highly accessible road connected to Baridhara and Gulshan.

IMAGELSocation Map Gulshan Road Gulsahan Lake site Progoti Shoroni Road

IMAGESSite Analysis Gulshan Lake Shahjadpur Lake Bikers Ocean site Suvastu Valley Shopping Complex Road • Front side have 60 feet wide road, witch is very busy road. • Back side have residential area. • Residential areas people they can take advantage there from food cote and shopping others facility's. • In 800m have 1 market, Suvastu Valley Shopping Complex that’s why the project is running slow . • Wind circulation in north south side take advantage from void. • Building ensures maximum light and ventilation

IMSAoGEcSial, Economical Connectivity Residential Area Social Impact: site • Increases accommodation • Increases Obstacles to the road 60’ wide Road • Increases job opportunities • Increases living standard Suvastu • Improved quality of relationship Valley Shopping Complex

IMAGEPS roject Concept & Form Analysis Concept: Form follow the function where maximum light and ventilation to the building is ensured. Form Analysis: Mainly formed according to environmental forces,function,Space Rquerment,social behavior and visual continuity. The area divide for the 3 proposed function according to their areas and circulation. 1st stage 2nd stage 3rd stage 4th stage Cool Air Hot Air Residential Office Shopping

IMAGEGSround floor plan Drive Way Basement Exit Basement Entry Drop-off Ground Floor Plan Note: Floor : Parking Shopping & office Space Number Of Car : 47Nos. Problems : i. Parking drop-off is not see-through properly ii. There is opportunity of an traffic between ground floor car and basement entry car

IMAGEBSasement floor plan Basement Exit Basement Entry Note: Floor : Parking for only Residence Number Of Car : 47Nos. Problems : i. There are have not proper natural light entry ii. Maximum Use Of Artificial light. 1st Basement Floor Plan

IMAGE1Sst floor plan Vertical Circulation 10’-0” Wide Shopping Loop Shop Residential & Office Entry Note: Use Of Floor : Use of Shopping Number Of Shop : 26 Nos. Average Size : 425 Sft. Total Area: 10772 Sft 1st Floor Plan Positive Side : Negative Side : i. Use Of Shopping Loop. i. Maximum Use Of Artificial Light & ii. Fully Control traffic System. Minimum Use Of Natural Light . ii. Fully Mechanical Ventilation Dependable.

IMAGE2Snd floor plan Vertical Circulation 10’-0” Wide Shopping Loop Shop Note: Use Of Floor : Men & women clothing & jewelry branded shopping Number Of Shop : 18 Nos. Average Size : 625 Sft. Total Area: 12295 Sft Positive Side : Negative Side : i. Use Of Shopping Loop. i. Maximum Use Of Artificial Light & 2nd Floor Plan ii. Fully Control traffic System. Minimum Use Of Natural Light . ii. Fully Mechanical Ventilation Dependable.

IMAGE3Srd floor plan Vertical Circulation Shop 10’-0” Wide Shopping Loop Cafe 3rd Floor Plan Note: Use Of Floor : Kids & mom, Household Items,Sports & Food Zone Number Of Shop : 41 Nos. Average Size : 400 Sft. Total Area: 17861 Sft Positive Side : Negative Side : i. Use Of Shopping Loop. i. Maximum Use Of Artificial Light & ii. Open food zone. Minimum Use Of Natural Light . iii. Fully Control traffic System. ii. Fully Mechanical Ventilation Dependable.

IMAGE4Sth floor plan Note: In Design Space 4th Floor Plan