Presentation of Case Study (02-02-2022)

Md: Abdur Rouf BARC1902017013 L-3/T-2 (M) Sub: Urban Design-01 Sonargaon University

• Introduce 6. Structural Part • Types of loads 1. Introduction • Definition • Types of structure • Types of core C• ODeNmTaEndNoTfShigh-rise building 2. History • Ancient age • Neo 7. Mechanical • HVAC system System • Medieval age modernism • Industrial age • Post- modernism 3. Classification• Type of high rise • High-tech 8. Electrical • Local Supply System • Generator of high-rise • Part of high-rise building • Solar Panel 4. Standard • BNBC 9. Plumbing system analysis • FAR 10. Fire fighting system • Time Sever 11. Local case study 12. International case study Standard • Neufert 5. Architectural • Concept • Site & surrounding Part • Form analysis • Parking access • Position • Circulation • Environmental • Screening & fabrication • Social connectivity • Façade • Orientation • Materials • Entry & exist • Lighting • Zoning • Section & elevation • Program • Core area • Floor plan • Zoning • Program • Floor plan

Beginning of High-Rise High-rise building is a multi-story building tall Importance of high-rise enough to require the use of a system of mechanical vertical transportation such as High-rise Buildings are product of our time and elevators. temporary solutions for the problems they create. In recent years, developed countries have emerged as The first high-rise buildings were constructed centers for new high-rise buildings. Land is scarce and in the United States in the 1880s. They expensive particularly in big cities like Japan , where tall arose in urban areas where increased land buildings represents the best solution for solving the prices and great population densities created problem , as a product of need , while in Egypt the a demand for buildings that rose vertically situation differs, only 4 % of Egypt terrain, where nearly rather than spread horizontally, thus the entire population has chosen to live, where tall occupying less precious land area. buildings used as a tool to achieve high density development. High-rise buildings were made practicable by the use of steel structural frames and glass exterior sheathing. By the mid-20th century, such buildings had become a standard feature of the architectural landscape in most countries in the world. What is Heigh-Rise ? \"A building with an occupied floor located more than 75 feet above the lowest level of fire The reasons for adopting high-rise buildings could be solutions for density problems and department vehicle access.” (IBC Section-202 of 2015) lack of available land for development \"\"AA mbuuildti-insgtorwy isthtruacnturoeccbueptwieedenflo3o5r–1lo0c0atmedeter\"sA(11m5u–lt3i-2s8tofrty) tasltl,ruocrtuarebuibldeitnwgeoefnun3k5n–o1w0n0 Increasing demand for business and residential spaces. Economic growth. mheoirgehthfraonm7152f–e3e9t faloboorvse.” t(hEemploorwis estsant dlaervdse)l of meters (115–328 ft) tall, or a building of Technological advancements. f\"ireA dbeupiladrintmgsen1t5vmehaicnlde aabccoevsesi.n” height (irrespecutnivkenoowf intshoecigchutpfaronmcy)12is–c3o9nfsloidoersre.”d as High Innovations in structural systems. (RIBiCseSeBctuioinld-2in02gosf.2” 0(1N5B)CI-2016) (Emporis standards) The desire for aesthetics in urban settings. \" A high-rises Building as more then 10 stories or at least 33 meter height.” (BNBC-2008) ? Advantages Disadvantages \" A buildings 15m and above in height \" A high-rises Building as more then 10 i. They save space and i. The construction of very tall (irrespective of its occupancy) is considered stories or at least 33 meter height.” accommodate more residents buildings requires highly skilled as High Rise Buildings.” as compared to shorter engineers and architects to (BNBC-2008) buildings. design the building, thus (NBCI-2016) increasing the total cost. ii. The higher floors are relatively more airy and receive more ii. Very tall buildings bear wind sunlight. forces and seismic forces apart from dead and live loads. iii. They are much more economical as buying a small iii. Constant oscillations may give land and constructing a tall a nauseating feeling to the building is more affordable residents of the building. than purchasing a widespread land.

History Industrial Age ( 1750AD. to 1920AD.) Ancient age (3000 BC to 476AC) The biggest impact i. Sky, a semantic symbol of faith and clearness to God. of the Industrial ii. Showing of power and supreme Revolution on 19th century architecture was the mass- production of iron and later steel in quantities where it became an economically plausible building material Home insurance building Year: 1885A.D. Type: Office Building Height: 138 feet height. Neo Modernism(1950 AD. to 1985 AD.) Post-Modernism Neomodern architecture continues Modern (1960 AD. to 1990 AD.) architecture as a dominant form of architecture in Postmodern architecture is a style or the 20th and 21st centuries, especially in movement which emerged in the 1960s corporate offices. It tends to be used for certain as a reaction against the austerity, segments of buildings formality, and lack of variety of modern architecture, particularly in the The Great Pyramid Stonehenge international style advocated by Philip Johnson and Henry-Russell Hitchcock. Location: Giza in Egypt Year: 3100B.C. i. Sculptural forms. Height: 138m Materials: Stone. Built: 2560 BC Style: monumental, Temple ii. Symmetricity and symbolism. Material: Mainly limestone, mortar, some Height: 76 feet tall. granite High-tech(1970 AD. to Present) Medieval Age( 476 AD. TO 1492 AD.) Medieval architecture is architecture common in the Middle Ages, and includes religious, civil, and military buildings. Styles include pre-Romanesque, Romanesque, and Gothic. Year: 1092 A.D. High-tech architecture focuses Materials: stone, white marble. Style: church complex. TC Energy Center ,U.S.A on creating adaptable buildings through Height: 55.86 meters (183.27 feet) Year: 1983 choice of materials, internal structural elements, and programmatic design. It Height: 780 feet (240 m) or 56 stories seeks to avoid links to the past, and as Structure: composite structure such eschews building materials commonly used in older styles of architecture.

Classification of Basically high -rise two categories: i. Using Height ii. Using Purpose Using height high -rise is three types: i. Mid –Rise: 5 to10floors or 15-35 meter . ii. High –Rise :10to35floorsor 35-110 meter. . iii. Sky Scraper: More than 35 floor . Using Purpose : Using is Mid -Rise High -Rise Sky Scraper there Purpose i. Monumental High –Rise ii. Residential High-Rise iii. Commercial High-Rise Monumental High –Rise This type of high-rise is made only for monumental purpose. These are built only for landmark Residential High- Parts of High-Rise Rise Header Residential high-rise is Body made for residential purpose. These are multi functional buildings too. In a same building it has different activities Like Hotel, Restaurant, apartment, mosque, roof Shangri-La at the Fort top garden . High-rise Commercial High- Rise This type of high-rise is made for commercial Base purpose. These are multi functional buildings. In a same building it has BASE/PODIUM different activities like office, Generally the base of the high rise factory, restaurant, gym, is called podium. The height of the club etc. podium will be maximum 12m & The Ruby, Mumbai maximum ground coverage are 75% of total land.

FAR Set Back Of Basement : Standard i. Basement can extant to the 50% mandatory open space. ii. Roof of the basement – 4.9feet from road level Building height 33 m or 10 storied: R o Boundary Wall : Front: 5’-0” a Side: 10’-0” d Maximum height for boundary wall is 9.02feet For front wall, a solid height is 3.28 & Back: 10’-0” perforated height is 5.70feet. For side wall solid height is 6.06feet & perforated height is 3.28feet. Ground Coverage : Podium: i. The distance of building from the road will be not less than 14’-7” from center of the road or 4’-11”feet distance from the plot layout area. The height of the podium will be maximum 39.37feet with parapet. MGC of the podium 75% ii. Paved area maximum 50% of uncovered space. Green area will be 50% of 1.podium ( 75 % of the site ) uncovered space. 2. tower ( 50 % of the site ) 3. core ( 25 - 30 % of the tower) iii. Shades on this paved area can be provided where the minimum height should be 13.12feet from ground level or 9.84feet from plinth level Balcony: Guard room: Railing height of the balcony maximum 3’-10”feet Balcony must not extend above the set back area. Guard room height will be 8’-3” from finished ground level & the maximum floor area will be 5 sqm . Stair: - Width of stair commercial building: Office ----------------------------------------------4’-11” Small shop and market------------------------ 4’-11” Large shop and market------------------------ 6’-6” Others --------------------------------------------- 4’-11” Trade & Riser: Riser ------------------------- 6.88 inch (Maximum) Trade -------------------------8.85inch (minimum ) Head room------------------ 84.6 inch Ramp: i. Slope of ramp should be 1:8 ii. Preparation length of the ramp should be a minimum of 7.38 feet clear height. Lift: i. Lift lobby = 4.92feet X 4.92feet ii. Lift control switch height = 2.62feet -3.93feet iii. Door width min = 2.62feet Toilet: i. Every floor must be 1 washroom or 5% of total toilets including physically challenged people. Size min:5‘x5’

Architectural Part Parking What is parking ? Parking is the act of stopping and disengaging a vehicle and leaving it unoccupied. Parking on one or both sides of a road is often permitted, though sometimes with restrictions. Some buildings have parking facilities for use of the buildings users. Countries and local governments have rules for design and use of parking spaces. Type Of Parking 01. On-Street Parking 4’- i. Parallel Parking ii. 30 Degree parking 11 iii. 45 Degree parking iv. 60 Degree parking ” 5’- v. 90 Degree parking(Right Angle) 9” 15’ 02. Off- Street Parking -6” i. Split-level or Staggered-Floor Systems. 8’- ii. Sloping-Floor Systems 10 iii. Ramp Systems Parallel parkin”g iv. Mechanical Elevator Garages The vehicles are parked along the length of the road. There is no backward movement involved while parking or un-parking the vehicle. Hence, it is the most safest parking from the accident perspective also a minimum number of vehicles can be parked . There are need 4’-0” safety space front and back side of car and 11’-6” width space for one way drive way . 30 degree parking The vehicles are parked at 30 degree with respect to the road alignment. In this case, more vehicles can be parked compared to parallel parking. Also there is better maneuver-ability. In this parking there is no two way parking only one-way parking and exiting is very simple. 15’-3” 9’-10” 15’-3” 9’-0”

45 degree parking Parking Standard Toilet Turning Radius In this parking system, the more Need in Office Toilets Per Person The number of toilets you will need for an number of vehicles can be parked. office space is covered under Regulation 20 of the Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Hence compared to parallel parking Regulations 1992. If your workforce is entirely female or a and thirty degree parking, more number 19’-10” mixed group, there must be: of vehicles can be accommodated in One way- 13’-0” If your workforce is entirely male, you should this type of parking. The vehicles are provide: parked at 45 degree with respect to the Need in Shops and Shopping Centers Toilets Per Person For road alignment. There are need 19’- Two way- 24’-0” public buildings such as shops and shopping centers with a retail area in 10” length and 9’-0” width for regular excess of 1,000 m2, there should be: The number of male/female parking and 12’-6” for physically customers in shops and shopping centers should be calculated at 35% challenge people. In this type of parking male and 65% female (unless other information is driveway need space for one way 13’- available). 0” and two way 24’-0”. 60 degree parking Toilet Size: 5’-0”x3’-0” The vehicles are parked at 60 to the Disabled = 5’-0”x5’-0” Urinal Size = 2’-6” direction of road. The more number of Door width Min. = 2’-1” vehicles can be accommodated in this 21’-0” parking type. There are need 21’-0” One way- 18’-0” length & 9’-0” width for regular parking and 12’-6” for physically challenge Two way- 27’-0” people. In this type of parking driveway need space for one way 18’-0” and two way 27’-0”. 90 degree parking 20’-0” Two way- 24’-0” In right angle parking or 90 degree parking, the vehicles are parked perpendicular to the direction of the road. Although it consumes maximum width length required is very little. In this type of parking, the vehicles need complex maneuvering and this may cause severe accidents. However, it can accommodate maximum number of vehicles for a given length. Parking For Physically Challenge People

Vertical circulation Multiple Parallel Escalator: Step Type Escalator : Vertical circulation is how people move Multiple Parallel two or more escalators This is the most common type of up and down within the building, so are those escalators which together escalator which is quite resurgent includes things like stairs, lifts, ramps, travel in a single direction next to one these days' his escalator is designed to ladders, and escalators which allow us or two escalators in the same space be quite safer as compared to any to move from one level to another. that travels in the other direction. other type of escalator. Vertical circulation are Elevators Every floor must have 1 washroom ,Escalators, Stairs ,Ramp Crisscross Escalator : or 5% of total toilets including physically challenged people. Escalator Crisscross escalators are the most Circulation An escalator is a moving staircase that popular arrangements of escalators accessible carries people between floors of a Circulation refers to the way people building or structure. Parwahlliechl Eplsacceaslathteore:ntrance and exit to Wheelchair move through and interact with a Types of Escalator building. In public buildings, 1. Parallel Escalator. Pariatslleulpepesrcaalandtorloswaerreetnhdosaet ttyhepes oEfsecsaclaatloatro:rs which face in the circulation is of high importance; 2. Spiral Parallel Escalator. opposite end of the escalator. Wheelchair-accessible escalators are Structures such as elevators, 3. Multiple Parallel Escalator. those escalators that have an escalators, and staircases are often 4. Crisscross Escalator. sam• eCindeimreacHtaiollsn. referred to as circulation elements, 5. Curved Escalator. as they are positioned and designed 6. Step Type Escalator. par••aDAllieerpploaerrttsmsceantlaaltsotorrsesare commonly usaettedndianntplian cceasselikife:someone in a to optimize the flow of people 7. Wheelchair accessible Escalator. • Malls the through a building, sometimes Parallel Escalator: wheelchair is in need to use through the use of a core. In some Parallel escalators are those types of escalator, it will get stopped. situations, one-way circulation is escalators which face in the same desirable. direction. • Metro Station There are 2type of circulation parallel escalators are commonly used i. Horizontal Circulation in places like: • Public Buildings ii. 2. Vertical circulation • Malls • Metro Station Curved Escalator : Horizontal Circulation: • Public Buildings A curved escalator is the one If circulation is described as being Spiral Parallel Escalator: which is designed in a special horizontal, it refers to how people manner including curved or helical move in and around on a particular The spiral parallel escalator is the shape with curved steps floor or level. arrangement that forces the users to 1.Lobby walk around as these are installed at 2.Corridor places that have a too long walking area.





Structural Part. • Types of structure System: • Types of loads: i. Rigid Frames. ii. Braced Frames. i. Vertical Loads iii. Shear walls, Coupled walls & ii. Horizontal Loads iii. Unexpected Deflections Cores. iv. Winds Loads iv. Tube Structure v. Earthquake Loads 1.Tube in Tube Structures: Vertical loads: 2.Steel Rigid Frame Tubes. 3.Braced Frame Tubes. Vertical loads, or gravity loads, are those forces that are applied 4.Bundled Tubes Structures. perpendicular to the roof or floor system. These are separated into v. Outrigger Structures. two categories Dead Loads and Live Loads. This could include the buildings insulation, drywall, wood studs, flooring, brick veneer etc. Rigid Frames: Horizontal loads: In rigid frame structure, beams and columns are constructed monolithically to with stand moments imposed due to loads. It is suitable for reinforced concrete Owing to the large influence of horizontal stiffening on buildings. It may be used in steel construction as well, but the connections will be structure design, the calculation of lateral loads should costly. Members of rigid frame system withstand bending moment, shear force, and be carefully scrutinized. The lateral loads generally arise axial loads. 20 to 25 stored buildings can be constructed using rigid frame system. from unexpected deflections, wind and earthquake loads. Advantages of Rigid Frame Disadvantages of Rigid Frame structure: structure: Unexpected Deflections: i. Rigid frames typically impose i. In frames structures, span Unexpected deflections may arise when imperfections in the elements occur during smaller forces on foundations lengths are usually limited when the manufacturing or if the foundation is uneven due to an inhomogeneous site. Any than do other structural systems. normal reinforced concrete unexpected deflection causes additional lateral forces and must be considered. ii. Rigid frames are provide (generally less than about 13 m, architectural freedom in design.. but up to about 15 m). Winds Loads: iii. Rigid frame structures have ii. frames are flexible structures economical designs. and lateral deflections control the Wind load is primarily horizontal load caused by the design process for buildings with movement of air relative to earth. Wind load is required greater than about 4 stories to be considered in structural design especially when the heath of the building exceeds two times the dimensions Braced Frames: transverse to the exposed wind surface. A braced frame is a structure system design to resist wind and earthquake forces. Member in a frame are not allowed to sway laterally suitable for building up to Earthquake Loads: efficient Height limits 20-30 stories. Earthquake load takes place due to the inertia force produced in the building because Beam of seismic excitations. Inertia force is varies with the mass. The higher mass of the structure will imply that the earthquake loading will also be high. Column Slab Bracing

Advantages of Braced Frame Disadvantages of Braced Frame structure: i. The Bracing systems are used to structure: resists the buckling of the main i. The length of the span of the beam in the structure. ii. It is cost-effective and very easy, structures is restricted up to 40 feet and flexible to design and get the required strength and stiffness. when reinforced. iii. The Braced frames have good resistance to high-speed winds ii. The construction of the bracing and seismic forces as compared to the non-braced buildings. systems required skilled workmanship. iii. Altitude-dependent changes in seismic region. Advantages of Braced Frame Disadvantages of Braced Frame structure: structure: Shear walls, Coupled walls & Cores : i. For tubular structures, a higher i. Higher Initial Cost / Less Availability. It is a continuous vertical wall constructed from reinforced concrete or masonry wall. ii. Susceptibility To Buckling. Shear walls withstand both gravity and lateral loads, and it acts as narrow deep strength to weight ratio can save cantilever beam. Reinforced concrete walls are normally used. Shear wall structural up to 30% in steel. system can be economical up to 35 stories building structure. ii. For dynamic loads, the vibration frequency of the pipe is higher than any other rolling section. iii. Easy to manufacture and install & easy to maintain. Outrigger Structures: Outrigger are rigid horizontal structures designed to improve building overturning stiffness and strength by connecting the core or spine to closely spaced outer columns. The central core contains shear walls or braced frames. The outriggers are in form of walls in reinforced concrete building and trusses in steel structures. Practically, Outrigger systems used for buildings up to 70 stories. Nonetheless, it can be used for higher buildings. Advantages of Shear Wall Structure: Disadvantages of Shear Wall Advantages of Outrigger structure: Disadvantages of Outrigger i. These walls provide more Structure: i. Reduce overturning moments and structure: i. Requires large moment i. Outrigger systems interfere with strength, stability, and stiffness to building drift. a building. connections. ii. Reduce forces in the core's the occupy able and rentable ii. Reduce lateral sway of a building. ii. They have a flimsy appearance. space. iii. Easy to construct and easily iii. This type of wall does not have foundations to provide further implemented at the site. economy. iv. Effective in minimizing any openings. earthquake damage in structural iv. Shuttering this type of wall and non-structural elements. requires skilled labor. v. Supervision is required . Tube Structures: Tube in Tube Structures: Tube-in-Tube Building generally consists of an inner tube to aid vertical transportation demand and an outer tube which comprises of dense columns and deep beams. It is the most commonly used structural system for high-rise building with more than 50 stored.

What is Core: Service core types & placement: In architecture, a core is a vertical space used for circulation and services. A core Central Core: may include staircases, elevators, electrical cables, water pipes. A core allows In a central-core building, the core location is inside the perimeter of the building people to move between the floors of a building, and distributes services efficiently to form, surrounded on all sides by lettable floor area. In a perimeter-core building, the the floors. service core is located on the perimeter of the building form, but does not project beyond it. Service cores can solve following element: Split Core: i. Elevator shafts inclusive of the elevator cars and equipment inside them The Split core divides the core with a central space, all components of the core are ii. Elevator lobby into which the elevator shafts open accessed from this central space. iii. Staircases usually consisting of a main staircase . End Core: iv. Fire-protected lobbies where these are required, depending on the The end core are located in one end side of building. All core service are provide from end space of building. configuration and level of fire protection, building type and size. Atrium Core: v. Toilets which usually consist of male and female toilets, disabled persons An atrium is a large open-air or skylight-covered space surrounded by a building. Users like atria because they create a dynamic and stimulating interior that provides toilets, and executive toilets, where provided. shelter from the external environment while maintaining a visual link with that vi. mechanical vertical services riser-ducts, electrical power and lighting environment. distribution, water distribution. Type of core: For the placement of identity core are four types: i. Central Core ii. Split Core iii. End Core iv. Atrium Core

Mechanical part HVAC– Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) is the use of various technologies to control the temperature, humidity, and purity of the air in an enclosed space. Its goal is to provide thermal comfort and acceptable indoor air quality HVAC system selection: System selection depends on three main factors including the building configuration, the climate conditions, and the owner desire . The design engineer is responsible for considering various systems and recommending more than one system to meet the goal and satisfy the owner of a building. Some criteria can be considered such as climate change ( temperature, humidity, and space pressure), building capacity, spatial requirements, cost such as capital cost ,operating cost, and maintenance cost, life cycle analysis, and reliability and flexibility. Basic components of an HVAC system: i. Mixed-air plenum and outdoor air control ii. Air filter iii. Supply fan iv. Exhaust or relief fans and an air outlet v. Outdoor air intake vi. Ducts vii. Terminal devices viii. Return air system ix. Heating and cooling coils x. Self-contained heating or cooling unit xi. Cooling tower xii. Boiler xiii. Control xiv. Water chiller

Mechanical part Required AC according to spaces is varied for function to function and position of the floor. AC System: But usually the slandered used: Air conditioning (often referred to as AC, A/C or air con) is a system used to cool down the temperature in an inside space by removing the existing heat and moisture from the room. i. Up to 100 Sft Room - 0.8 Ton In simple terms, an air conditioning system controls the temperature, humidity and air quality ii. Up to 150 Sft Room - 1.0 Ton in indoor spaces. iii. Up to 250 Sft Room - 1.5 Ton iv. Up to 400 Sft Room - 2.0 Ton The Different Types of Air Conditioning Systems: i. Window Air Conditioners. ii. Portable Air Conditioners. iii. Wall Hung Split or Multi Head Split Air Conditioners. iv. Ducted Air Conditioning. Window Air Conditioners. Portable Air Conditioners Wall Hung Split or Multi Head Split Air Conditioners. Ducted Air Conditioning.

Mechanical part Duct AC System: The ducted air conditioning provides heating or cooling through a system of ducts spread out all over your home or commercial space. A central unit, consisting of a condenser, compressor, and an air handling unit, is usually located in the basement, attic, or garage. It provides cool or hot air, which is then distributed throughout the building through a series of ducts and vents, providing the appropriate climate control. Advantages of Duct AC system: i. Easy to control. Ducted air conditioning systems are controlled via a simple to operate push button keypad that is conveniently located in a high traffic area of your property. ii. Powerful and comprehensive cooling for larger spaces iii. Ceiling mounted ducts that blend into the property iv. Less noise. Disadvantages of Duct AC system : i. It requires work and a complicated installation. ii. Its high cost.

Electrical part What is electrical system: An electric system consists of all of the elements needed to distribute electrical power, including overhead and underground lines, poles, transformers, and other equipment Types Of Electrical Supply: i. Local Supply Electrical Supply In Building : ii. Generator i. Lift : 415 V More . 3 Phase Connection. iii. Solar Panel ii. House : 220 V ac line Lights, fan, AC, geyser, TV, Refrigerator, theater, Computer Local Supply: etc. Local supply is the operation of an organizational form with either the legal ability, or in iii. Generator : 220 voltage line ( Light, fan) & 415V above Lift running . partnership with another agency with that ability, to supply electricity to commercial and iv. Duct Size : (30 x12) inch domestic consumers predominantly. Generator: a generator is a device that converts motive power (mechanical energy) into electrical power for use in an external circuit. Sources of mechanical energy include steam turbines, gas turbines, water turbines, internal combustion engines, wind turbines and even hand cranks. Solar Panel: A solar cell panel, solar electric panel, photo-voltaic module or just solar panel is an assembly of photo-voltaic cells mounted in a framework for installation. Solar panels use sunlight as a source of energy to generate direct current electricity. Electrical Substation: Electro - Mechanical Room: a substation is a facility housing equipment that i. Transformer Room: Electrical device that transfers electrical energy from one switches, transforms or electrical circuit to another without changing the frequency. converts high voltage electricity from a generating ii. Sub – Distribution :This board installed midway through the power distribution station into lower voltages system . that are easier and safer to distribute to homes, shops, iii. Low tension Room: power supply can be around 230v for a single phase connection small businesses and other and 400 v for a three phase connection . consumers. iv. High tension Room: An ht power distribution system simply means a high while voltage distribution system while an lt is a low voltage or tension power distribution system.

Plumbing system Waste Pipe: a pipe for draining liquid waste or excess liquids. What is fire plumbing system: Plumbing system means the water supply and distribution pipes; plumbing fixtures, faucets Anti- and traps; soil, waste and vent pipes; and water-treating or water-using equipment. siphonage Pipe: An extra pipe connected to the outlets of toilet seats of all the floors, the other end of which is exposed to atmosphere is called anti- siphonage pipe. Types Of Wastewater: Vent Pipe: Also called a vent stack or plumbing air vent, the vent pipe i. Black Water: Origin-toilet fixtures, dishwashers, and food preparation sinks . regulates airflow to assure waste and ii. Gray Water: Origin- non-toilet and food fixtures(bathroom sinks, laundry machines, water flows through pipes that drain out of your house Also called a vent bathtubs). stack or plumbing air vent, the vent iii. Yellow Water: This is basically urine collected with specific channels and not pipe regulates airflow to assure waste and water flows through pipes that contaminated with either black water or gray water. drain out of your house Types Of Pipes: Pipe Size: Soil Pipe : A soil pipe is a pipe that conveys sewage or wastewater reliably, either from the toilet or sink to a soil drain or sewer. Rainwater Pipe: A rainwater downpipe is a pipe that is used to direct rainwater away from a building, typically from roof guttering to a drainage system.

Plumbing system Waste Pipe: a pipe for draining liquid waste or excess liquids. What is fire plumbing system: Plumbing system means the water supply and distribution pipes; plumbing fixtures, faucets and traps; soil, waste and vent pipes; and water-treating or water-using equipment. Types Of Wastewater: Vent Pipe: Also called a vent stack or plumbing air vent, the vent pipe regulates airflow to assure waste and water flows through pipes that drain out of your house Also called a vent i. Black Water: Origin-toilet fixtures, dishwashers, and food preparation sinks . stack or plumbing air vent, the vent pipe regulates airflow to assure waste and water flows ii. Gray Water: Origin- non-toilet and food fixtures(bathroom sinks, laundry machines, through pipes that drain out of your house bathtubs). iii. Yellow Water: This is basically urine collected with specific channels and not contaminated with either black water or gray water. Types Of Pipes: Soil Pipe : A soil pipe is a pipe that conveys sewage or wastewater reliably, either from the toilet or sink to a soil drain or sewer. Rainwater Pipe: A rainwater downpipe is a pipe that is used to direct rainwater away from a building, typically from roof guttering to a drainage system.

Plumbing system Single-Stack System: Water pressure: This is similar to single pipe system, the only difference i. Water in a typical 10 stored building exerts a pressure of 3.3 being that no ventilation is provided even in the traps too. ii. Water in 30 stored tall building will exerts a pressure of = 3.3 X (pressure exerted by water in 10 stored building Developing drainage system: One Pipe System: In this system of plumbing the waste connections from sinks, baths, washbasins, and the soil pipe which is connected directly to the drainage system. This Water Supply Proble Slove in Burj Khalifa: System Is Costly And Difficult To Construct Ventilation Is Arrangement Of Pipe Work Is Difficult. Two Pipe System: In this system, two pipes are provided. One pipe collects the foul water and lavatory wastes, whereas the second pipe collects the unfoul water from kitchen, bathrooms, house washings, rain water etc. The soil pipes (pipes carrying the soil waste) are directly connected to the drain, whereas the waste pipes (pipes carrying unfoul water) are connected through the trapped gully. All the traps used in this

Fire fitting system iii. Pneumatic Heat Detection Tube: What is fire fighting system: The pneumatic heat detection tube is an extinguisher with a fire detection system. Once the A fire fighting system is an activity of prevention during a fire spread in building, home or temperature reaches a certain level, it blows a small hole in the pipe, and the extinguisher warehouse with the use of proper fire safety equipment like extinguisher, hose reels, fire foam puts out the fire. This is an inexpensive method and easily installed, but it’s only monitors, nozzles and hose pipes. effective on small fires. It’s also small and easily transported to another location. Types of Fire Suppression Systems: i. Water-Based Fire Suppression Systems. ii. Chemical Foam Suppression Systems iii. Pneumatic Heat Detection Tube iv. Pressurized Gas System v. Foam Deluge Systems i. Water-Based Fire iv. Pressurized Gas System: Suppression Systems: A pressurized gas system, the gas is kept as a One of the most common liquid under pressure using liquid gas. When a fire types of fire protection is detected, the system releases the gas, and it has systems uses water to knock a chemical reaction with the fire to extinguish it. It’s out fires. You’ve likely seen an effective firefighting technology. sprinkler systems in many businesses and some homes. iv. Foam Deluge Systems: Water is housed in a A foam deluge system is used in reservoir and or connected areas where water suppression isn’t to the water supply. possible such as transformers and oil tanks. When a fire is detected, water ii. Chemical Foam Suppression mixes with the foam to expand it and Systems: fire. One of the most common places for This is perfect for outside areas, fires to start is in the kitchen because but it does create a large mess of a cooking mishap or hot grease. that requires clean-up. Chemical foam systems are designed for these types of conditions. They are placed under cooking canopies and cause little damage and are easy to use. It’s more expensive than several other systems and requires pipe- work and fittings made from

Fire fitting system Doorways: Causes of fire hazard in high rise building: i. The width of a doorway shall not less than 1 meter or 3.2 feet and the height not less than 2 meter or i. Electricity – neglect or misuse of wiring can lead to short circuits. ii. Rubbish and waste material – fire is likely to spread through accumulated waste. 6.5 feet. iii. Smoking – carelessly discarded cigarette butts or lit matches are one of the major ii. No sliding or hanging door shall be used as a means of exit. iii. Revolving doors shall not be used. causes of fire. iv. Exit doors shall not open directly at the flight of a stair. iv. Cooking – kitchens provide opportunities for​a fire to start and materials on which it v. No power operated door shall not be used can feed. Number Of Exit For High-Rise: v. Heating appliances – portable heaters are a threat when placed beside combustible i. If Building height more than 33m & per floor are more than 500sqm there is need 2 furniture or fittings. exit . vi. Gas line blast- Damage gas line can blast. ii. If per floor have 4 residential unit & the exit distance will be 23m. vii. Terrorist attack – Unexpected attack like bomb and any type attack can cause for fire iii. User person 50 & the exit distance will be 23m. hazard. Damages From Fire Hazard : i. Damage of the buildings ii. Furniture and goods burn iii. Peoples burns in the fire iv. Some time the economy is v. effected for the fire like world trade center FAR Rules For High-Rise Building: Corridors And Passageways width will be define by user of per floor: i. 0.9 meter or 2.9 feet for 50 or less. ii. 1 meter or 3.6 feet for more than 50 person. iii. 4 meter or 7.8 feet in health care building where movement of bed is necessary. iv. 1.8 meter or 5.9 feet in educational building or where more than 150 person. v. Minimum clear height of the corridors should be 2.4 meter or 7.8 feet. Fire Stair: i. For Residential area use 1m to 1.5m. ii. For Commercial use 2m

Fire fitting systemLocal Project Fire Alarm Sprinkler Fire Stair Fire Stair Fire Stair Fire Stair

Project Details Introduction: Located in Progoti Shoroni, bti Premier Plaza is on a highly accessible road connected to Baridhara and Gulshan. Project Architect: A.F.M.Mohiuddin Akhand Local Project Study Progoti Shoroni RoadBTI Premier Plaza Site Gulshan LakeProject Location Gulshan Road

Site Analysis Gulshan Lake Shahjadpur Lake Bikers Ocean Residential Area site site Suvastu Valley Shopping 60’ wide Road Complex Road Social, Economical Connectivity • Front side have 60 feet wide road, witch is very busy road. • Back side have residential area. • Residential areas people they can take advantage there from food cote and shopping others facility's. • In 800m have 1 market, Suvastu Valley Shopping Complex that’s why the project is running slow . • Wind circulation in north south side take advantage from void. • Building ensures maximum light and ventilation Suvastu Valley Shopping Complex Social Impact: • Increases accommodation • Increases Obstacles to the road • Increases job opportunities • Increases living standard • Improved quality of relationship

Project Concept & Form Analysis Drive Way Basement Exit Concept: Form follow the function where maximum light and Basement Entry Drop-off ventilation to the building is ensured. Form Analysis: Mainly formed according to environmental forces,function,Space Rquerment,social behavior and visual continuity. The area divide for the 3 proposed function according to their areas and circulation. 1st stage 2nd stage Note: 3rd stage 4th stage Floor : Parking Shopping & office Space Resid Cool Number Of Car : 47Nos. ential Air Office Hot Ground Floor Plan Shopp Air ing Basement Exit Basement Entry Note: Floor : Parking for only Residence Number Of Car : 47Nos. Problems : i. There are have not proper natural light entry 1st Basement Floor Planii. Maximum Use Of Artificial light.

Vertical Circulation 10’-0” Wide Shopping Loop Shop Residential & Office Entry Vertical Circulation 10’-0” Wide Shopping Loop Shop Note: Use Of Floor : Men & women clothing & jewelry branded shopping Number Of Shop : 18 Nos. Average Size : 625 Sft. Total Area: 12295 Sft 1st Floor Plan Positive Side : Negative Side : i. Use Of Shopping Loop. i. Maximum Use Of Artificial Light & ii. Fully Control traffic Minimum Use Of Natural Light . System. ii. Fully Mechanical Ventilation Dependable. Note: Use Of Floor : Use of Shopping Number Of Shop : 26 Nos. Average Size : 425 Sft. Total Area: 10772 Sft 2nd Floor Plan Positive Side : Negative Side : i. Use Of Shopping i. Maximum Use Of Artificial Loop. Light & Minimum Use Of Natural Light . ii. Fully Control traffic System. ii. Fully Mechanical Ventilation Dependable.

Vertical Circulation Note: In Design Space Shop 10’-0” Wide 4th Floor Plan Shopping Loop Note: Running Use Cafe 4th Floor Plan 3rd Floor Plan Note: Use Of Floor : Kids & mom, Household Items,Sports & Food Zone Number Of Shop : 41 Nos. Average Size : 400 Sft. Total Area: 17861 Sft Positive Side : i. Use Of Shopping Loop. ii. Open food zone. iii. Fully Control traffic System. Negative Side : i. Maximum Use Of Artificial Light & Minimum Use Of Natural Light . ii. Fully Mechanical Ventilation Dependable.

Residential Units Blow-Up Plan T-01 Note: i. There are total 5 residential tower. ii. Each tower have 2 or 3 unite. iii. Total unit is 11

Comparative Analysis

Comparative Analysis

Comparative Analysis

Comparative Analysis

Project Details International Study BOULAQ ABO EL ELA TEXTILE Introduction: AND The project is located in a high value land plot overlooking the Nile. The main FASHION INDUSTRY, Egypt objective of the project’s brief was to design a mixed-use tall building inspired by the urban, environmental and socio/culture aspects of its setting. The site is an edge between two different communities; the very high income class residing in the Nile front, and the low income class residing in the rear side of Boulaq. Project Architect: Salma Tag El Din Senior Architect in Petrojet ltd. Project at a Glance: Project name: Boulaq abo el ela textile and fashion industry Location: Buolaq Abu El Ela,Cairo,Egypt Total Area Coverage : 45000m2 Building Height: 160m (53 Floor) Use Of Building: Shopping,Museum,office,Residential Number Of Lift: 15Nos. (04 Capsule Lift, 03 Cargo Lift & 08 passenger Lift. Number Of Escalator: 03 pair escalator. Project starting Time: Aug 2019 to Running. Project Location Location: Buolaq Abu El Ela,Cairo,Egypt Egypt Cairo Boulaq abo el ela textile and fashion industry Buolaq Abu El Ela district

Site Forces: Social Connectivity Social connections are the relationships you have with the people around you. They may be close, like family, friends, and co-workers, or more distant, like people you know casually. They can be as close as next door or so far away. Finding Out: Road Network Primary Road Secondary Road • Communication Tertiary Road • Business • Knowledge Share • Public Relationship • Stress Relief Site Analysis Nile River Site Fairmont City Hotel Colony Open Field

Building accessibility Project Concept & Form Analysis Concept: Inspired from textiles and fabrics weaving, layering and meshes fibers grids. In reflect structure and sub-structures details. The faced system combines the potential of structure , circulation, visual effect, envelope and also creates smaller interior and exterior divisions. Form Analysis: Ground Floor Plan Ground Floor : Shopping & Cafeteria Space, Office Entry. Mainly formed according to environmental forces,function,social Drop-off Number Of Lift: 15Nos. (04 Capsule Lift, 03 behavior and visual continuity. The area divide for the 3 proposed Lobby Cargo Lift & 8 passenger Lift. function according to their areas and circulation. Residence Lift Number Of Escalator: 02 pair escalator up to 2nd floor. Office Lift Number of Stair: 05 Nos Residential Shopping Loop Level= 00m Shop Office Cafeteria Shopping Service Stair Total-45000m2 & Lift Environmental South North

Residential Entry Floor : Shopping & Cafeteria Space Number Of Lift: 5Nos. (04 Capsule Lift, 01 Cargo Lift Number Of Escalator: 03 pair escalator up to 3rd floor. Number of Stair: 03 Nos Floor : Shopping & Cafeteria Space, Residential Entry. Number Of Lift: 10Nos. (04 Capsule Lift, 03 Cargo Lift & 3 passenger Lift. Number Of Escalator: 02 pair escalator up to 2nd floor. Number of Stair: 05 Nos 4th to 6th Floor Plan 1st to 3th Floor Plan Floor : Exhibition Space Number Of Lift: 2Nos. Number Of Escalator: 01 pair escalator up to 6th floor. Number of Stair: 01 Nos Level= -3m

Floor : Open Office Floor Lights Residence Floor Plan Number Of Lift: 6Nos. Number of Stair: 01 Nos Floor : Residence Floor Number Of Lift: 5Nos. Skinning for protect Number of Stair: 01 Nos direct sun ray & welcome default light 36th to 43th Floor Plan 7th to 15th Floor Plan Office & Residence Floor Plan Floor : Open Office & Residence Floor Number Of Lift: 10Nos. Number of Stair: 02 Nos 25th to 35th Floor Plan

Elevation Analysis Solar panels directed to sun to help generation energy for the Manual Of High-rise building Structure The horizontal members The cut to create flow continue to create shading with the opposite louvers for the residential out- opening door areas. Museum needs control Open Communal space of internal light with For view and more exposure & view, dense mash with shading device. Green space in allowing some view direction of sun side. Skin projected with vegetation for better view & to be good for slums

Isometric Section Residential Communal Space Office Commercial Space Section (A-A’)

Comparative Analysis

Comparative Analysis