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CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION Recreational 74 - 77 Foreword by H.E Shukur Sabitov, 3 Art 78 - 80 Ambassador of Exhibitions 81 - 82 Republic of Uzbekistan Eating Out 83 - 86 Map of Uzbekistan 4-5 Night Life 87 - 89INTRODUCTION History 6 Accommodation 90 - 91 Tourism Investment 7 Getting Started 8 4 SAMARKAND 92 General Information 9 94 - 95 General Calendar 10 - 11 The History 93 - 101 The Culture 12 - 14 Map of Samarkand 102 - 103 Education 15 - 19 Historical Sites Economy 20 - 21 Museums 104 Agriculture 22 - 23 Shopping 105 Eating Out 106 - 109 2 HIGHLIGHTS 25 - 26 Accommodation 110 - 111 27 - 29 Entertaiment Minor Hajj Silk Road 30 Zaamin National Park 31 Travel Tips 3 TASHKENT 32 34 - 35 The History 33 - 42 Map of Tashkent Historical Sites 5 BUKHARA 112 113 - 116 The History Historical Sites 117 Eating Out 118 Accommodation Museums 43 - 45 6 GENERAL INFORMATION Architecture 46 Nature 47 Tashkent Metro 119 Sports / Stadiums Transportation 120 - 122 Shopping 48 - 49 Internet Resources 123 Entertainment 50 - 65 in Uzbekistan 66 - 73 Foreign Embassies 124 - 1262 in Uzbekistan Representative Offices of 127 International Organizations Representative Offices of 128 Foreign Airlines in Tashkent

Foreword fromAMBASSADOR OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN TO MALAYSIAH.E. SHUKUR SABITOV INTRODUCTIONWe have the honour to introduce the Republic of Uzbekistan – a country with centuries- 3old history and at the same time a young independent state which appeared on theworld’s political map only 21 years ago.Our country possesses huge potential for development of international tourismand has rich traditions of trade, economic and cultural cooperation with manycountries of the world. These traditions root deep into the past, when in the2nd millennium BCE trade developed on the ancient caravan trails known inhistory as the Great Silk Road. Alongside with initiating the trade between Eastand West, this transcontinental arterial road promoted the development andinterpenetration of traditions, customs, cultures, craftsmanship, religions. For allthose who would like to visit our country there is much to see and to marvelat in Uzbekistan. Unique historical and architectural monuments, wealth anddiversity of wildlife, century-old craftsmanship traditions, wise traditions andjoyful festivities of Uzbek people. All this is the heritage of both Uzbekistan andthe whole mankind. By now there have been included into the UNESCO WorldHeritage List such historical sites as Ichan-Kala urban complex in Khiva, historicalcentres of Bukhara and Shakhrisabz, historical monuments of ancient Samarkand.These sites are under the protection of world community. What makes Uzbekistanan object of desire of modern travelers? Egypt and Greece, Mexico and Australia,India and Japan and many other exotic destinations lure travelers from all overthe world. Among such destinations Uzbekistan holds a special place and hasall the rights to claim the title of “tourist Mecca”. It is the heart of the Great SilkRoad – an ancient highway that was connecting East and West for two thousandsyears (2nd century BCE – 16th century CE). Uzbekistan is centuries-old historyimprinted in beautiful creations of ancient architects, in shrines of bygonecivilizations. It is unique nature where boundless sandy deserts abut on multicolorAlpine meadows, snowy mountaintops and fertile valleys gladdening the eye withplentiful fruit gardens and vineyards. Tourism resources of Uzbekistan allow fordevelopment of all types of tourism and for playing host to tourists year round.National Air Carrier “Uzbekistan Airways”, National Company “Uzbektourism” andour travel agencies provide travelers with the opportunity of visiting these placesand touching the pulse of history. Just get on board of the Uzbek airways directflight from Kuala Lumpur to capital of Uzbekistan Tashkent and in 7 hours will findyourself in the center of historical Great Silk road with marvelous cities where Eastmeets West.

INTRODUCTION UZBEKISTAN Nukus Khiva Urgench , Bukhara and the Republic of Karakalpakistan. 4

29, 559 million 49% 51%More than 85 % Uzbeks are Muslims and approximately 15 % are worshippers of other religions INTRODUCTION(Orthodoxes, Catholics, Jews and etc; there are about 16 confessions). TASHKENTNavoi Andijan Fergana SamarqandShakhrisabz 5

HISTORYINTRODUCTION Uzbekistan Tashkent is the administrative center The history of Uzbekistan covers about of Turkestan. In 1924, this territory was 1.5 millenia. joined to Soviet Union. Since then, for Situated along the upper of Amu-Darya more than 70 years Uzbekistan was (The Oxus), Syr-Darya (The Jaxartes) and under the Soviet regime before declaring their tributaries has always been the independence of the country on 31st different from the rest of central Asia. August 1991, which was officially named By the 4th century B.C, after the the Republic of Uzbekistan. 1st September campaigns of Alexander the Great, was proclaimed Independence Day. trade along the Silk Road made the area Since September 1991 to July 1993 the emerge as an important trading center; Republic of Uzbekistan was officially cultural contact intensified and a recognized by 160 states. On 2 March variety of religions flourish. Many other 1992 the country joined the United invaders were here after but no one Nations. left much destruction as much as the Overwhelming support from the Mongols led by Genghis Khan in the 13th nations for independence (98.2% of century A.D. Vast migrations of nomadic the population voted) has triggered Turks from the northern steppe areas the following: the government line increased drastically. However, in the was expressed during presidential late 14th century the tribal prince Amir elections and a referendum on political Temur known as Tamerlane united the sovereignty (29 December 1991). Islam nations of Central Asia to fight against Karimov won 86% of the vote and the Mongols and in victory founded became the first President of the new a powerful land with its capital in Republic of Uzbekistan. Samarkand. For more than 2 centuries, the Temurids were ruling turning this place into the centre of Central Asia introducing the ‘Uzbek’term in the 15th and 16th centuries A.D during the period of Muhammad Shaybani Khan. Bukhara, Kokand, and Khiva Khanates were established under independent states but again the independent doesn’t last long when the neighboring Russia could not ignore the geopolitically important region, as it was a great economic opportunity for Russia.6

TOURISM INVESTMENTTourism Investment in Uzbekistan with international standards of tourism INTRODUCTION coupled with services to facilitate it as wellUzbekistan due to its high potential as hotel infrastructures being developed in tourism and number of historical with more historical elements and culturalsites occupies a worthy place in the peculiarities to create unique complexes toworld. There are more than 4000 the hotel.historical and cultural monuments All these are integral in the tourism industry.in Uzbekistan. Their ancient city possesses Its development fosters tourist movementsignificant tourism potential, advantageous in Uzbekistan as well as creating new jobgeopolitical position, rich cultural and natural opportunities to the locals as a steppingheritage. Uzbekistan has big opportunities on stone for international standards ofthe quantity and variety of tourism resources servicing qualities. The increment of tourists’when compared with other countries: movement will generate revenue to the country.Its unique geographical and natural Today, Uzbekistan’s effort in refurbishing thesights central location in the Central historical monuments, preserving nationalAsian region positioned itself comfortably culture and modernization of infrastructurelinked in terms of strategic transport- are aimed at further development in thegeographical area. Also, there are 37 caves tourism industry to attract more tourists toin the territory of the country as well as Uzbekistan. We sincerely invite you to join inreserved national parks which covers 1.96% the following direction;of Uzbekistan. Bioclimatic conditionsespecially in the winter time allow them to Develop international standard hotelsactively promote for recreational and sport in Tashkent, Samarkand, Bukhara etctourism. There are also specially protectednatural territories in Uzbekistan (state nature Construct new tourist attractions suchreserves, national parks, nature monuments, as shopping complexes in Tashkent,dendrology and botanic gardens). Such Samarkand etcterritories are the objects of the nationalwealth. This enables to develop the Develop modern transportation routesecotourism. connecting all major historic sitesPilgrimage tourism is connected with Renew / Establish an internationalthe monuments of Islam. Religious- standard automobile fleethistorical sites such as Necropolis Shah-i-Zinda 11th -19th centuries (Samarkand), the Establish Joint Tourism AgenciesMausoleum of Saint Daniel, Imam  al-Bukhari International standards ofMausoleum (Samarkand), Mausoleum of management organization managingKhodja Bakhouddin Naqshbandi, 14th century existing hotel’s management such(Bukhara) and Mausoleum Shokhi-Mardon as President Hotel in Tashkent and(Ferghana) which preserved permanent Samarkand.architectural and artistic image are well Tourism is a developing industry muchmaintained through the centuries are one of needed to ensure the foreign exchangetourism attraction in the world. inflow, new job opportunities and the strengthening of business partnershipsThere are more than 500 enterprises in the between countries. In the newcountry engaging in souvenir products based millennium, the tourism industry willon national crafts: porcelain and ceramic ware, both enhance its further developmentnational knives, ceramic toys, embroidery of between countries.headwear, gold embroidered works, carpetweaving, miniatures on wood/leather and etc.Presently, an important objective for the 7tourism industry is the modernization of thetransportation infrastructure. In other words,it is the need to provide automobile routes

GETTING STARTEDINTRODUCTION When To Travel Tourist Seasons: March - June, September - Novermber The high season is Spring (mid-March to end of May). Winter would fall on mid-Dec to first week of February, the winter do not last long with unstable snow fall plus temperatures below freezing. Visa Requirements For Tourists Before approaching the Consular Section with your application please make sure you have all documents required: 1. Copy of the letter of invitation from inviting partners in Uzbekistan (see below). 2. Two copies of the visa application form duly completed and signed by the applicant, which can be obtained by visiting link on the left or at the Embassy of the Republic of Uzbekistan in Malaysia. 3. Two photographs. Attach recent passport- sized photographs to your application forms. 4. Passport must have at least one blank page to affix the visa and be valid for the entire period of your stay in the country. 5. Fees. To be paid on collection only. (Please refer to the Fees section for more details). 6. Applying by mail: Before sending your documents please contact the consular section to assure that visa issuance confirmation of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is in place. Please provide self- addressed pre-paid envelope to return your passport. 7. Incomplete visa applications are not accepted. A personal interview with an applicant may be required. In case any person is declined to obtain entry visa to Uzbekistan, the Consular Section of the Embassy reserves the right to provide no explanation. If you are traveling on holiday\tourism : Most of the tour operators and travel agencies will apply for your visa on your behalf to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan (please contact your travel agent). Documents / Visa / Customs You can buy tickets without Visa or a Visa Support (invitation approved by the Ministries of Foreign Affair or from a private individual, company or state organization) but may risk being denied entry. You may apply for a Visa from ‘The Republic of Uzbekistan’ at: Embassy of Uzbekistan in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Address : No. 7, Jalan 6, Ampang Utama, 68000 Ampang, Malaysia. Phone : +603-4253 3406 / +603-4253 2406 Fax : +603-4253 5406 Email : [email protected] / [email protected] Website URL : www.uzbekembassy.com.my ** Visa application will take approximately 3 -5 working days.8

GENERAL INFORMATIONLanguage Geography INTRODUCTIONMost common language spoken is Uzbek, but The physical environment of UzbekistanRussian is a widely spoken native or second is diverse, ranging from the flat, desertlanguage particularly in large cities. In different topography that comprises almost 80 percentregions of Uzbekistan, other languages are of the country’s territory to mountain peaks inalso widely spoken such as Tajik in Samarkand the east reaching about 4,500 meters aboveand Bukhara. Individuals speaking in more sea level. Located in the heart of Central Asia,than one language are common in large cities Uzbekistan occupies more than 447,400 squareand in ethnically diverse areas. However, with kilometres, measuring 925km from North toUzbekistan’s present policy of moving towards South and 1400km from West to East. AlongtheWest, the knowledge of English has become the borders on each of the former Sovietincreasingly common. Asian Republic which is Kazakhstan 2203km,Weather Tajikistan 1161km, Kyrgyzstan 1099km andUzbekistan has a great number of sunny Turkmenistan 1621km , and in the south - ondays. Tourist’s season in Uzbekistan falls on Afghanistan 137km.spring months that are March, April and May, Religionsthe second half is in August, September and Predominantly, 85% of Uzbeks are Muslims andOctober. Winter month’s temperatures ranges approximately 15% are worshippers of otherfrom -10°C to 30°C and are suitable for the religions (Orthodoxes, Catholics, Jews andlovers of mountains and winter sports such etc; there are about 16 confessions). Althoughas skiing. The average annual temperature is constitutionally allowing rights to freedomapproximately 13°C. of religion, Uzbekistan maintains a ban on allPolitical System religious activities not approved by the state.Under the 1992 Constitution, Uzbekistan isa secular and democratic republic country.Political system of the Republic is parliamentarydemocracy with a legislative organ OliyMajlis (Supreme Council), executive body(government) and legal proceeding system.The head of executive power is President,directly elected to a seven-year term. Executivepower rests with the President. The Presidentappoints a Cabinet of Ministers with theapproval of the legislature. The Cabinet ofMinisters carries the day-to-day running of thecountry. The President also appoints regionalgovernors.Formal Name : The Republic of Uzbekistan 9Geographic Coordinates : 41 00 N, 64 00 EIndependence Day : 1st September 1991Area : total 447,400 km² ; land 435,400 km²Population ; water 22,000 km²Capital : 30 millionTime : TashkentCurrency : GMT + 05:00Language : Uzbek Som (US$ 1 = Som 1,657)Electric Power : Official language - Uzbek; Widely used : RussianDialing code : standard two-pin plug socket : +998

INTRODUCTION GENERAL CALENDAR March January International Women’s Day – 8th March New Year - 1st January This is a worldwide celebration in On this magical day, everyone honour of women’s achievement expects heavy snowfall in Uzbekistan. thoughout history and across nations. Everything will be covered with flurry Also an occasion for men to express snow. Celebrated by the Uzbeks in their gratitude and love to their beloved great deals of celebration, including mothers, wives, girlfriends and daughters decoration of a New Year tree and the for their sacrifices. A way somewhat preparation of a Family feast, outdoor similiar to Mother’s Day. activities take place country-wide and a variety of entertainment programs are Navruz (Spring Holiday) broadcasted on television. – 21 st March Defenders of Motherland - 14th January Another common feature found during Navruz is ‘sumalyak’, a traditional dish. Celebrated in the honour of the creation Locals say that this dish replenishes one’s of Uzbekistan’s own army forces vitamins after experiencing deficiency in under the jurisdiction of the Republic winter. It is cooked only during spring of Uzbekistan. Army personnels from the overgrown wheat, flour, water, are nominated for governmental and vegetable oil in a large kettle for 24 awards and some of them are hours. Those who are cooking it will be awarded at Gala concerts supported by songs, jokes and laughter organized by the government. to keep them going through the night. When the dish is ready, it is shared May among 15 to 20 people. This celebration of life which means “New Day” is the most Memorial Day – 9th May cherished public holiday and has been “Memorial of Memory” was celebrated for at least 2,500 years, or build in Tashkent in 1999 perhaps even for as long as 5,000 years. as a day of memory and Navruz is celebrated widely and colourfully honour for compatriots who in Central Asia. Navruz also announces the loss their lives protecting joyful awakening of nature after winter the country, it’s freedom and the beginning of the agricultural cycle and independence in of cultivating, planting and harvesting. Uzbekistan. This day is celebrated in a The activities for the next 13 days are solemn manner for the loss of more than considered as harbingers of the year to 450 thousand people during World War II. come so according to tradition people forgive one another for all past offences 10 and renew friendships.

September GENERAL CALENDAR October Teacher’s Day – 1st October INTRODUCTION Teacher’s Day is dedicated to teachersIndependence Day – 1st September for their significant contributionThe most important public holiday in improving the intellectual andof the country. Uzbekistan obtained spiritual potential of the country.its independence on September Teachers are appreciated for raising1991. On this special day the sky will the harmoniously developed youngbe illuminated with multi-coloured generation in spirit of the nationalfirework displays and has been a and universal values. As teaching is atradition to hold a folklore festival in very revered profession in Uzbekistan,Tashkent’s Navoi Park. on the eve of the holiday, President Islam Karimov awards a large groupAll 12 regions in Uzbekistan has lined of teachers and mentors orders,up a spectacle of festive events to medals and honorary titles such as Theparticipate in. One thing for sure People’s Teacher, Honoured Workeris there will be performances by of National Education and Honouredoriginal folk groups, exciting sports Mentor of Youth of Uzbekistan.events, various shows and randomcraft fairs all over the place. Without Decemberdoubt, “pilav” will also be a commonfood during Independence Day. It’ll Constitution Day – 8th Decemberbe served in the center of a large Uzbekistan adopted the constitutiontable which gathers family members, day on 1992. Since then it was widelyrelatives and friends together. Be celebrated. Streets and squares aresure to catch the festival at The decorated with flags and are crowded withIndependence Square which features people who look forward to the sequencemany pop stars, movie stars, dance of festive events. Timed to this significantgroups and of course, musicals. date are organized concerts of pop stars, exhibitions, sports events and more. 11

THE CULTURE CuisineINTRODUCTION The Music One of the well developed factors in The music of the Uzbeks takes a much Uzbekistan is their cuisine which is also one greater influence from Persian Classical of the most ancient and refined in Central Music and the Middle East, rather than Asia. Their 4 seasons especially winter and from Turkic-Mongolic Traditional Music. summer greatly influence the composition The centerpiece of Uzbek music is the of their daily basic menu. There are about Shashmaqam, or Six Maqams, which was 200 of them vary from different region in named a “UNESCO Masterpiece of the Uzbekistan. Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity” in 2003. The Shashmaqam is a modal Uzbek’s well known cuisine is “Pilav” which consist fried and boiled meat, onions, carrots and rice; with raisins, berries, suite that brings together lyrical and chickpeas or for variation is fruits. This instrumental songs, poetry and dance. is one of the pride for Uzbekistanis Traditional Uzbek music is primarily on their ability on preparing the most melodic, highly embellished, micro-tonal, unique and sumptuous “Pilav” served and mono- or homophonic. Common on the large flat plate lyagan. Uzbek instruments include lutes, spike fiddles cuisine can’t be considered as such and flutes. without the flaky pastry “Somsa”, which At heart, Uzbek music is closely tied with has minced meat and a piece of fat of the traditional music of Tajikistan (both sheep’s tail inside, or the original ravioli- sharing the Shashmaqam), a division like “Manty”, which are filled with meat, largely owing to Soviet policies of ethnic potatoes or sweet pumpkin, and cooked nationalism. During the Soviet period in steam. traditional music in central Asia was treated “Chuchvara” or also known as “Warak- ambivalently: initially discouraged due to a Chuchvara” (pel’meni) is also the most preference for propagandistic music, and widespread national dish. A very small later encouraged to promote local national dumpling mostly prepared with the same identity (rather than broader religious or method. The traditional Uzbek community regional identities). These recent policies, would prefer to enjoy “Kebab Shashlik” with combined with independence, have led endless cups of green tea at the“Chaikanna” to a revival of interest in traditional Uzbek (teahouse). music.12

The People THE CULTURE INTRODUCTIONUzbeks are represented by variousnationalities and ethnic groups such as Men’s clothingthe native nations of Central Asia such The traditional men’s suit is a chapan, theas the Tajiks, the Kazakhs, the Kirghizes, quilted robe, tied with a shawl along with capthe Uygures and the Dungans. Minorities called tubeteika. Kuylak is the men’s straightfrom Europe and the East like Russians, cut shirt. Ishton is men’s wideTatars, Germans, Jews, Lithuanians, Poles, trousers, narrowed at bottom.Ukrainians, Byelorussians, Greeks and Turks The traditional footwear is high-live in Uzbekistan. boots, made of leather. They are tied with embellished belts madeTraditional Clothing of velvety and richly handmadeThe national clothing for embroidery with silver pendantUzbekistan is mostly brightly buckles.coloured and is to be worn Women’s clothingduring cultural traditions. The traditional women’s suit is a dwellHowever, wearing traditional of plain khan-atlas tunic-dress and wideclothing is a norm for rural areas. trousers. It is made of atlas fabric richly embroiled with gleaming golden thread. Along with a colourful headdress with unique patterns embroidered are the cap, headscarf and turban. Inseparable accessories are gold and silver jewellery such as earrings, bracelets and necklaces. Group and Individual PackagesFor reservation: [email protected] Tel. : (+99871) 120-88-83 Fax: (+99871) 120-88-73 UE-rml.:awil:[email protected]

INTRODUCTION THE CULTURE suzanne), carpet (Turkmen), stone and wood carving, metal engraving, leather Art & Handicrafts stamping, calligraphy and miniature For centuries, caravans are used to carry painting are some ancient art genres goods between the West and the East developed from the ancient past. along the Great Silk Road which ran Each region has its own cultural and through the territory of the present- ethnic tradition; these unique features day Uzbekistan. The origins of folk art were established by local guilds that are hidden in the depths of centuries strengthened these characteristics long history. Regardless, Uzbekistan still through their art. It is possible to continues to reveal new aspects of this recognize one’s ethnic background from ancient land and its culture. their embroidered skullcap Tubeteika or by the colour and embroider style of his Uzbek applied arts has a wealth of variety gown Chapan. when it comes to style, materials and ornamentation (Uzbek tubeteika). Blue ceramics, silk, cotton weaving (Uzbek14

EDUCATION IN UZBEKISTAN INTRODUCTIONUzbekistan is the state of youth. Children, teenagers and young people under the age of25 comprise approximately 60% of the total population. Inherent in Uzbekistan’s ancientheritage is love of children and care for their health, well being and education.As early as in the 7th century the Chinese scientists and explorer, Suan Tsan, wrote that hesaw 5-year old boys in Samarkand being thought how to read, write and count. Later, thesechildren were sent out with caravans to learn business and trade.Nowadays in our country every third child studies at the secondary school or gets tradeexperience at the high and secondary special schools and trade institutions. Five millionchildren study at school, and more than a million are preparing to be school children atkindergarten level. The education of children and youth is one of the main priorities of thecountries government policy. That is why the Law of Education was adapted in June of l992,which became one of the first laws in our young sovereign state.The essence of educational reform in Uzbekistan is to preserve the present intellectualpotential of the educational system and to modify our goals and activities in order to developindividuals who are capable to build and live in a democratic civil society and a free marketeconomy. These reforms, however, do not only reflect nationalistic aspiration. Since securingindependence, the Uzbekistan nation realized its great responsibility as citizens of theinternational community and as citizens of our planet. Therefore one of our main goals is toeducate a healthy generation, both physically and mentally. 15

INTRODUCTION EDUCATION IN UZBEKISTAN The main principals of our new educational policy support this endeavor. Our goals are determined as the following: humanistic, democratic methods of teaching and socialization, priority to human values, national and cultural traditions, and the separation of educational institutions from the influence of political parties and social and political movements . Considering these principals and the experiences of developed countries of the world, the Republic of Uzbekistan has recognized its main direction of educational development. They are as follows: Modification and further perfection of the education and socialization content Development of new school, curricula and textbooks Stress on individual ability and talent Vocational and Professional development in accordance with changing economical needs Integrating Uzbekistan with world educational standards At present within the process of transformation of all the social activity and perspectives of the country development, textbooks are being renewed, new subjects are added and teaching staff is being retrained. The working out of the new state educational standards is being completed. A great number of new types of schools are being established. These schools specialize in foreign languages, economics and in ecological problems. Parallel to this, research work is being done on continuation of educational complex including kindergarten, high school, scientific research and retraining institutions. New methods and technologies are created rapidly based on the national and worldwide pedagogical needs. The basic principals of educational reforms in our republic are democratization and humanization. Of course, all these processes are not easy and simple. The government has to solve many economical and social problems besides other conflicts. With the support of half million hardworking teachers who share the same idea we hope achieve our goal. We realize one of the main results to accomplishing educational reform is changing the thinking mentality of our people and society. This is of great importance. At the same time we understand that by striving to create a new education system according to the world standards we will achieve success not only in our country but we might by sharing our knowledge and experience with developing countries add our contribution to the world educational system. 16

EDUCATION IN UZBEKISTAN INTRODUCTIONState University of Institute of Automobile andForeign Languages Highway Constructions9a Yusupov St., 20 Mavaraunnahr St.,M. Chilanzar District Tel: 133-0827Tel: 75-7795 Arhitectural- ConstructionTashkent State Concervatory Institute31 Pushkin St., 13 Navoi St.,Tel: 133-5274 Tel: 41-1501 41-8002University of World Economy Institute of Oriental Studiesand Diplomacy (UWED) 25 Lakhuti St.,54 Buyuk Ipak Yuli St., Tel: 133-00-60, 133-3428Tel: 67-1446, 67-9311 Pedagogical InstituteTashkent State University 103 Yusub Hos Hojib St.,12 Vuzgorodok Tel: 55-8474, 55-4781Tel: 46-0224 Institute of Railway and transportTashkent State Economical 1 Adilhodjaeva St.,University Tel: 191-1440 99-040349 Uzbekistanskaya St.,Tel: 45-3464, 45-4589 17

EDUCATION IN UZBEKISTANINTRODUCTION Institute of Art named after Uygur Management Institute 77 Radjabi St., 54 Buyuk ipak yuli St., Tel: 56-2880 Tel: 67-1720 Institute of Cultural Science Pharmaceutical Institute 127 M-v Yalangach St., 2 Akkurganskaya St., Tel: 162-0323 Tel: 68-0858 Tashkent State Medical Institute Financial Institute 103 Hamza St., 7 Asamova St., Tel: 67-6305 Tel: 34-5537 Management Development Institute Chemic-Technological Institute of Singapore 1 Shevchenko St., 28, Bunyodkor Ave., Chilanzar district, Tel: 56-8394 Tashkent 100185, Uzbekistan Tel: +(99871)2717700 Electrotechnical and Fax: +(99871)2769094 Communication Institute 108 Amir Temur St., Pediatric Institute Tel: 35-0934 223 Abidova St., Tel: 60-4403 Juridical Institute 12 Sayilgoh St., Textile Production Institute Tel: 133-4109, 133-3259 5 Gorbunova St.,18 Tel: 53-1058

EDUCATION IN UZBEKISTAN INTRODUCTIONUzbekistan State University of World LanguagesThe Uzbekistan State University of World Languages was organized by the decree of thePresident of the Republic of Uzbekistan (№ 401, May 12, 1992) on the basis of TashkentState Pedagogical Institution of Foreign Languages and the Republican PedagogicalInstitution of the Russian Language and Literature. 7073 students are taught in theuniversity on the specialties like English, German, French, Spanish, Chinese and RussianPhilology, Theory and Practice of Translation and International Journalism. 21 professors,124 candidates of sciences, 240 senior teachers and 347 teachers work for the university.There are the Republican Language Centre, 3 hostels, 3 gymnastic halls, 2 sportsstadiums, large library with reading halls, rest houses in Tashkent Sea and Khumsan.Over 20 languages including English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, Russian, Arabian,Turkish, Chinese and others are taught in the university.Over 35 students of different nationalitiesstudy in the Uzbekistan State University ofWorld Languages.Address: 55, str. Babur, TashkentPhone: (+998 71) 253-94-37, 253-94-45E-mail: [email protected]: http://litsey3.ideal.uzWestminster International UniversityWestminster International University in Tashkent (WIUT) an exclusive accredited partnerof University of Westminster (London, UK) in Central Asia. The objective of establishingWIUT was to provide an international standard of Higher Education in Uzbekistan toenable citizens of Uzbekistan and other countries to obtain an internationally recognisedBachelor and Master education (degree) both validated by the University of Westminster(London).Address: 12, Istiqbol Str., 100047 Tashkent 19Phone: (+998 71) 238 74 74 ext. 2387400E-mail: [email protected]: www.westminster.uz

INTRODUCTION ECONOMIC COOPERATION BETWEEN UZBEKISTAN AND MALAYSIA Uzbekistan has a highly energy-intensive economy though the infrastructure is still at inefficient level and needs upgrading. Uzbekistan holds sizeable reserves of oil and natural gas, yet faces a myriad of challenges in bringing those reserves to world markets. Uzbekistan is geographically far from end-use markets and is landlocked on all sides. Nevertheless, the country’s trade and economic relations are developing dynamically. The greatest increase in bilateral trade was recorded in 2010, when trade grew at more than 2 times and was 71 million USD. To date Uzbekistan’s supplies to external markets are mainly the gas, cotton, grain, nonferrous and ferrous metals, fertilizers, uranium, cars, tractors, agricultural machinery and equipment. For some items the export goes to the top five and top ten countries in the world. And the government of Uzbekistan foresees great possibilities and potential to increase the bilateral trade between Uzbekistan and Malaysia. Today, Uzbekistan is looking ahead to attract more direct investments in the oil and gas sector in the frame of government-approved investment program. The relation of Uzbekistan with Malaysian giant corporate PETRONAS is so far developing steadily and successfully. Malaysia’s strong policy in all sphere of life is depicted in PETRONAS, which today occupies strong position in the world oil and gas sector. Currently, the National Holding Company “Uzbekneftegaz” is in partnership with PETRONAS and a South African company Sasol Synfuels International PTY Limited in a joint venture project for a construction of a synthetic liquid fuels (GTL) of methane production plant in Shurtan Gas Chemical Complex, Uzbekistan. The project provides a production of clean synthetic liquid fuels, primarily diesel fuel and jet fuel to the standards of Euro-IV, Euro-V. “Uzbekistan GTL” joint venture which is now completed its basic design phase and a preliminary feasibility study. Malaysia’s PETRONAS will continue to develop the hydrocarbon deposits in Product Share Agreement (PSA) in further years. The company had also invested in developing of Ustyurt and in Surkhandarya field. 20 Courtesy of OIC TODAY Business & Investment Magazine

ECONOMIC COOPERATIONBETWEEN UZBEKISTAN AND MALAYSIA INTRODUCTIONPETRONAS has so far participated in the following projects in Uzbekistan:1. Production Sharing Agreement in respect of Urga, Kuanysh, Akchalak group Ustyurtdistrict2. Exploration and production of hydrocarbons of the investment block BaysunSurkhandarya region (field “Gadzhak”) to the Product Share Agreement3. Agreement for the geological study of the investment unit Surkhan Surkhandaryaregion of Uzbekistan4. NHC (Uzbekneftegaz), Malaysian company Petronas International Corporation LTDand a South African company (Sasol Synfuels International PTY Limited) signed a JointVenture Agreement for the project to produce synthetic liquid fuels based on the purifiedmethane Shurtan Gaz Chemical Complex in Uzbekistan.Courtesy of OIC TODAY Business & Investment Magazine 21

INTRODUCTION AGRICULTURE IN UZBEKISTAN Agriculture in Uzbekistan employs 28% of the country's labor force and contributes 24% of its GDP (2006 data). Crop agriculture requires irrigation and occurs mainly in river valleys and oases. Cultivable land is 4.4 million hectares, or about 10% of Uzbekistan's total area, and it has to be shared between crops and cattle. Desert pastures cover fully 50% of the country, but they support only sheep. Cotton is Uzbekistan's main cash crop, accounting for 17% of its exports in 2006. With annual cotton production of about 1 million ton of fiber (4%-5% of world production) and exports of 700,000-800,000 tons (10% of world exports), Uzbekistan is the 6th largest producer and the 2nd largest exporter of cotton in the world. However, because of the risks associated with a one-crop economy as well as from considerations of food security for the population, Uzbekistan has been moving to diversify its production into cereals, while reducing cotton production. Thus, the area sown to cotton was reduced from 1.8 million hectares in 1990 to 1.4 million hectares in 2006, while the area under cereals increased from 1.0 million to 1.6 million hectares (in part at the expense of areas allocated to feed crops). Another cause behind moves to diversify may be environmental, because the large quantities of irrigation and fertilization needed to produce cotton have contributed to the drying up of the Aral Sea and to the severe pollution of the soil in the surrounding areas. 22

AGRICULTURE IN UZBEKISTAN INTRODUCTIONThe main cereals are wheat, barley, corn, and also rice, which are grown in intensivelyirrigated oases. Minor crops include sesame, onions, flax, and tobacco. Fresh fruits aremainly consumed domestically, while dried fruits are also exported. Uzbek melons,known for their long life and unique taste, are widely sought after in the large cities ofthe CIS.Pelts of the karakul sheep bred in Bukhara and its environs are a traditional exportcommodity, but their contribution to total exports today is negligible. The production ofkarakul pelts dropped from 1.4 million pieces in 1990 to less than 700,000 pieces in 2004.Cattle, sheep, and chickens are raised for meat. There are 3 million cows in Uzbekistan,and they produce 5 million liters of milk per year. The achieved yields of around 1,600 kgof milk per cow per year are among the lowest in the CIS (compared to 2,500 kg per cowper year for Russia, Ukraine, and Moldova) and dismally low compared to those in the EUcountries or North America. The low milk yields are attributable to insufficient feed andreluctance of peasants to use artificial insemination for breed improvement.Although silkworms and mulberry trees have existed in Uzbekistan since the 4th centuryand the country is known for its colorfully patterned silks, the silk industry continues tobe statistically insignificant. 23

HIGHLIGHT HIGHLIGHT Minor Hajj/ Pilgrimage Journey Silk Road Zaamin National Park 24

MINOR HAJJ/ PILGRIMAGE JOURNEYAMinor Hajj is a journey or search Invasions in TASHKENT and natural of moral or spiritual significance. calamities, including the devastatingTypically, it is a journey to a shrine earthquake in 1966 has sweptor other location of importance toa person’s beliefs and faith though most of the medieval buildings of HIGHLIGHTsometimes it can be a metaphorical the ancient past. However, therejourney into someone’s own beliefs. are still many masterpieces of theMany religions attach spiritual Islamic culture such as the Madrassahimportance to particular places: the of Kulkeldash constructed by the mostplace of birth or death of founders or powerful vizier Kulkeldash which is onesaints, or to the place of their “calling” of the leading Muslim theologicalor spiritual awakening, or of their education establishments in the wholeconnection (visual or verbal) with the Central Asia. Another example is thedivine, or to locations where miracles Sheikhantaur Mausoleum, named afterwere performed or witnessed, or Sheikh Hovandi Takhur who is verylocations where a deity is said to live or much respected by the Muslims in thebe “housed,” or any site that is seen to 15th century or better known as ”wise ofhave special spiritual powers. Such sites the wisest”. The  Barak-Khan Madrassahmay be commemorated with shrines or housed Uzbekistan’s Office of Spiritualtemples that devotees are encouraged Administration of Muslims since the 16thto visit for their own spiritual benefit: to century untill today. The Hazarati Imambe healed or have questions answered Complex comprises of a few structures.or to achieve some other spiritual One of the structures is the Kaffal Shashibenefit. A person who makes such a Mausoleum which was constructed injourney is called a pilgrim. honour of Imam Mohammed Abu-bakraThe Holy Land acts as a focal point Ali ibn Ismail Al Kaffal Al Shashi whofor the pilgrimages of the Abrahamic was born in the Shash region (Tashkentreligions of Judaism, Christianity, today) and was given the title “Greatand Islam. These pilgrims visit the Imam”. The Barak-Khan MadrassahHoly Land to touch and see physical housed the most valuable “Ottomanmanifestations of their faith, confirm Koran” the primary source of the holytheir beliefs in the holy context with manuscripts of Islam. The Zangi-collective excitation and connect ota Mausoleum is where Saint “Darkpersonally to the Land. The pilgrimage Father”, the most honourable shepherdis conducted during Zul-Hijjah, the last gazer in the 15th century was buried.month of the Muslim’s lunar calendar. In 2007, Islamic Educational, ScientificIn the country, there are many historical and Cultural Organization (ISESCO)monuments relating to the origin, have named Tashkent as the Capital ofpervasion and spread of Zoroastrianism, Islamic Culture.Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity andof course Islam, in the 8th centurymaking Uzbekistan as a sacred countrypracticing minor pilgrimage. 25

MINOR HAJJ/ PILGRIMAGE JOURNEYHIGHLIGHT SAMARKAND which was founded more old edifice is a real masterpiece by its founder, than 2750 years ago is home to Ismail Samani, and it has been preserved fascinating historical monuments. since the Mongol invasion by Genghis Khan. The focus of its beauty is the Registan The Modari-Khan Madrassah and the better known as “Sandy Place”. It Abdullah-Khan Madrassah are important is the most magnificent landmark religious schools back in the 16th century.  The in Samarkand. It consists of three Kalyan Minaret(Short Minaret) was once madrassahs. Besides that, the the tallest minaret in Central Asia and the Bibi Khanum Mosque and Gur Lyabi Hauz Architectural Complex which Emir Mausoleum features beautiful houses a few madrassahs are where pilgrims architecture  such  as their interior and find peace and quiet is what one needs so exterior inscription decor. The Shah- much to get closer to God. i-Zinda Ensemble(pg50) is the most Minor Hajj is important to Muslims as it is important pilgrimage site for both obligatory to perform it once in a lifetime, locals and tourists. The same goes to viewed as a particularly meritorious the Imam al-Bukhari Mausoleum(pg55) activity. Pilgrimage serves as a penance - the which can accommodate more than ultimate forgiveness for sins, devotion and 1500 worshippers at one time and a intense spirituality. A Minor Hajj to sacred visit to this shrine is considered by the land in Uzbekistan begins from TASHKENT- Muslims to be equal to a minor Hajj. SAMARKAND-BUKHARA and will take at least As SAMARKAND was the centre of 4 to 5 days. During the pilgrimage tour here, commerce, BUKHARA on the other hand you will surely reaffirm your beliefs! became the empires’religious heart. “While elsewhere light radiates from heaven onto land, in holy Bukhara it radiates upward to illuminate heaven onto land”. Its cultural and architectural legacy was recognized by UNESCO and the city is inscribed in the World Heritage Listing.The center of history in Bukhara best seen on foot is the The Ark once a fortified residence of a Bukhara ruler known as “The Shadow of Allah”. The Ismail Samani Mausoleum(pg66), a 1000 year-26

SILK ROADD espite Silk Road’s popularity for more this era, paper money were introduced HIGHLIGHT than two centuries, the name itself and the famous Marco Polo travelledcame only during its dying days in the mid the area, recording his memoirs. The era1800s. German geographer, Ferdinand lasted a good two centuries before thevon Richthofen, coined the term because Turkish Ottoman Empire gained power.of the booming silk trade. Spanning an Tamerlane also began conqueringimpressive 6500km, the route starts at certain parts of Asia such as Persia, partsancient An’chang, now known as Xi’an, of southern Russia and northern India.China. The route served as a trade route Unfortunately, in the 1400s, the Silkallowing goods and culture to exchange Road in its heyday also carried a bubonicover the years including the bubonic plague known as The Black Plague whichplague, The Black Death. in turned triggered the decline of the route. Amidst the downfall, rose the Around 200BC, Alexander Chinese Ming Dynasty. The Ming Dynasty the Great invaded central however, also caused further decline by Asia, thus introducing reducing the traffic and trade of silk due Greek culture to the region. to fear of the power of Uighurs. The short-lived reign was In 1600, Uzbek Turks began settling in then succeeded by the what is known today as Uzbekistan. After Xiongnu people, now a devastating earthquake in the 1700s, known as Huns. Together the Silk Road continued its growth withwith the Han Dynasty, they controlled new explorations such as the Muztaghthe silk route before the Sogdians come Pass and other buried cities.into picture. The Sodgians were based in The modern day Silk Road still retain itsShash, one of the oldest inhabited cities charms and history of which most of it can beor better known as Samarkand in the found in the architecture and monuments inpresent soon became the capital of Amir Uzbekistan. Also, it should be noted that all ofTemur’s Tamerlane Dynasty in the 14th the monuments are recognized and protectedcentury. by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.The Silk Road reached its golden age One of the towns along the Silk Road isaround 600A.D also about the same Khiva, located in Chorku. It was an oasistime the Islamic religion was founded. town on the northern Silk Road spur onConsequently, Muslims controlled the way to Russia. The entire city has beenMesopotamia and Iran along with the painstakingly preserved making it one ofSilk Road as well as the Spice Road, a the finest example of an old Silk Road citytrade route known for its spice trading. in Central Asia. One of the must visit sitesSilk Road continued to prosper under the in this ‘open-air museum’ is the Itchan-KalaTang Dynasty a century later whereby art Ensemble, the walled inner city of Khiva.and culture flourished. In it, you will find the palace of ‘Khiva Khan’In 1200 onwards, the Mongols under the and the richly carved wooden gates of therule of Genghis Khan took over a vast “Madrash” and many Mosques. Housesmajority of the area hence, establishing here are also uniquely patterned creating a‘Pax Mongolica’ or ‘Mongol Peace’. During unique ambience. 27

SILK ROAD Another town with rich history is of Saint Daniel or Hodzha Danijar. Tashkent, the Uzbekistan’s capital. It has Locals say water flowing past the tomb been inhabited since around 200BC but has healing powers. People who come had to be rebuilt after an earthquake in here believe that a prayer service at 1966. Regardless, many great monuments the mausoleum helps them cope with still stand today such as the Zangi- the disease, difficulties and brings luck. ota Mausoleum complex which is very Observatory of Ulugbek which was popular among them Muslims. Some say constructed on a high hill of Chupan-Ata that the complex was built as a burial was grandson of Temur. Mirzo Ulugbek, place of Zangi-Ota, also known as Sheikh explored the stars and created the Ay-Khodja, the fifth Murid of Khodja catalogue of 1018 stars with incredible Akhmad Yassavi, a famous spiritual leader. accuracy for that time. Travellers of the Silk Road should also notHIGHLIGHT miss the Mausoleum of Sheikh Zaynudin Bobo. He was a writer known for making Suhrawardiyya popular. Another beautiful piece of architecture can be found at the Sheikhantaur Mausoleum. He was a Sayyid, meaning that he claimed descent from the Quraish, the tribe of the prophet Muhammad. Samarkand, Silk Road’s beloved Another town to go to is Bukhara, gem is an important settlement a once known as “The Divine” because thousand years ago, it was the capital of the number of religious schools and of Tamerlane. It now houses Gur Emir mosques there. Besides being a main Mausoleum; the Registan Square, an trading centre, it was a pilgrimage site architectural ensemble consisting from for Muslims. Its main attractions include three madrassahs; the Bibi Khanum The Ark, a massive fortress which has Mosque, the most lavish monument been damaged and restored countless of Samarkand and the Shah-i-Zinda times since its completion in 5A.D and Ensemble, meaning ‘the living king’, the Kalyan Minaret, also known as a necropolis where Kusam ibn Abbas, the “Tower of Death”, because until as the cousin of the prophet Muhammad recently as the early twentieth century was buried. The Gur Emir Mausoleum, criminals were executed by being thrown meaning the ‘tomb of the king’ is also from the top. in Samarkand. Originally, it was built Amir Temur’s birthplace and hometown for the grandson of Amir Temur and heir, brings us back to Shakhrisabz, a town Muhammad Sultan,  but however it became with impressive monuments from the the family crypt of the Temurid’s dynasty Temurid Dynasty.  Aside from its bazaars, including Temur’s teacher Sayyid the  Ak-Saray Baraka. Another Palace is a must. well known Initially planned place to visit is to be the most28 the Mausoleum grand of all Temur’s constructions in 1380, now only traces of its 65 meter tall gate. gate towers survive adorned with blue, white and gold mosaics.

SILK ROADAnother beautiful historical place is theKok-Gumbaz Mosque, built in honour ofUlugbek’s father, Shah Rukh and the DorutTilavat Complex or House of Meditationwhich hosts the Mausoleum of SheikhShamseddin Kulyal , spiritual tutor to Timurand his father, Turghai. East of the KokGumbaz is another mausoleum complexcalled Dorus-Saodat Ensemble (Seat ofPower and Might), which contains theTomb of Jehangir, Temur’s eldest andfavorite son. Behind that is the tomb ofTemur. Only suzani and ceramics from the region.discovered in Nearby is the Amin Beg Madrassah, often1943, it has a named after Khomol Khozi, the 1913single stone restorer responsible for the ornamental HIGHLIGHTcasket, on which facade of coloured tiles. Next up is theinscriptions Khamza Museum, dedicated to Kokand’sindicate that it Soviet hero Hamza Hakimzade Niyazi, awas intended for poet, author, playwright and composerTimur but he was widely seen as one of the leading figuresnot buried there. in the development of modern literary tradition of Uzbekistan.In the Ferghana Valley named after Once conquered by the most fearless of9th century astronomer, Abu’l-Abbas conquerors like Genghis Khan and AmirAhmad ibn Muhammad ibn Kathir al- Timur, these cities channel a sense ofFarghani, we have Ferghana, a fertile pride and dignity as aptly inscribed abovearea filled with orchards, where The the entrance of the Ak-Saray Palace inSilk Road passes through to Kyrgyzstan. Shakhrisabz : “If you challenge our powerFerghana’s wide, orderly tree-shaded - look at our buildings!”avenues and attractive blue-washed19th century tsarist colonial-style houses 29are said to mimic the appearance ofpre-earthquake Tashkent. With Russianas the primary language, the city has adistinctly different feel from most Uzbekcities. Its main sights are the Museum ofLocal Studies and Regional Theatre. Alsoin the Ferghana Valley is Kokand, theancient capital of the local rulers knownas the Khans of Kokand. In there lies theKhudoyar-Khan Palace which uponcompletion was one of the largest andmost luxurious palace in Central Asia. 19 of its original 113 rooms survive and it now host a museum. Juma Mosque a Friday mosque builtin  1800-1812, and reopened in 1989, itcan hold 10,000 worshipers. Arguably,the most beautiful mosque in Kokand,it has a room housing a collection of

ZAAMIN NATIONAL PARKHIGHLIGHT Zaamin National Park is a tourism zone west and covering the middle and high ridge at the altitude from 1760 to 3500 which is an ecologically pure region. meters above sea level. Located on the territory of Zaamin State Today, Zaamin is the green area of nature Reserve in the Jizzakh Region of Uzbekistan reserve, a habitat of various species of on the tourist route between Samarkand birds. In the depths of pine forests, you and Tashkent, it has preserved its original can find rare birds as a ring dove, bunting, appearance and has unique flora and fauna. turtle dove, blackbird, Turkestan owl From history, it is known that Zaamin was a and Turkestan starling. Other than that, part of one of the most ancient regions in you can also find an unusual bird: white- Central Asia: Ustrushana, surrounded by winged grosbeak, with black, yellow and ancient regions: Sogd, Bactria, Ferghana green feathering, which eats conifer seeds and Chach. Also, according to archeological that are scattered in the conifer or archa sources, the age of Zaamin exceeds two forests. Permanent inhabitants of Zaamin thousand years old (2nd-1st centuries BC) highlands are Turkestan lynx, black stork, because during excavations, archeologists Central-Asian ibex and white-clawed bear. found remains of a settlement aged more The uncommon flora of Zaamin, named than 2500 years. as “Uzbek Switzerland”, deserves a special Zaamin means “agricultural land” in Persian attention as well because of its beauty. Here, and Tajik, because even in ancient times it more than 880 species of plants live, and was recognized for its fertile soil. The State dozens of them are endemic. Reserve is located on the area of 24110 In addition to unique nature, Zaamin hectares with unique landscape of a distinct National Park has rich recreational resources. mountain range, descending from east to The park is an ideal place for ecotourism, and Zaamin mountains are a candidate to30 the UNESCO List of Natural World Heritage. Zaamin Nature Reserve is especially beautiful in the spring and autumn. During these seasons, the nature of the park is variegated in bright colours of yellow, orange and red, and mountain air provides pleasant freshness for the visitors. Unique feature of this national protected zone makes Zaamin an ideal place for active tourism and resort-like recreation.

TRAVEL TIPSHealth Travel Insurance HIGHLIGHTAsk your doctor for an International When buying travel insurance, you’re notCertificate of Vaccination or better known only buying something that can assistas Yellow Booklet in which we will list all you greatly should you find yourself inthe vaccination you’ve received. Uzbekistan need but you’re also buying some peacerequires HIV testing 2 months prior to of mind - both for you while you travelentering the country. Certain foreign test and also for your family and friendsare accepted but be sure to check with back home. However, be aware of theembassy before travelling. following;World Health Organization (WHO)recommends the following Dangerous activitiesvaccinations for travelers to - Many insurers (but not all) considerCentral Asia.:- Adult Diphtheria & Tetanus motorcycling, diving, parachuting,- Hepatitis A & B hot-air ballooning and many other- Measles, Mumps and Rubella largely safe activities as hugely- Polio dangerous pursuits- Typhoid Country exclusions- Varicella - Check if the insurance coversPhotography UzbekistanVideo cameras are required to be declared Working exclusionsat your customs declaration form. Always - Will you be working during your trip?ask politely to photograph people; in Uzbek - Maximum amount per item“Rasmga olsam maylimi?” (ra-sim-ga ol-sam - Maximum payout per item if goods are stolen may-li-mi). Central Asians are more Excessive excess conservative as compared to - Excess is the amount you have to pay any other countries, so, they to lodge a travel insurance claim (eg. may be sensitive towards excess of $100 and you have a camera photography. worth $120 stolen, you must pay the first $100)Internet ClothingThroughout Central Asia, internet cafes can A moderate dress code is essential.be found without much difficulty.MoneyForeign exchanges are available in most towns. Bring a combination of Cash(USD/Euros), Credit Card and Travellers Cheque to cover eventuality.ATMs (Bankomats)ATMs are largely available and would accept foreign ATM cards but some chargea service fee of around 2% (varies for different bank).Credit CardYou cannot truly rely on credit card for your travel finances as most of the places in Uzbekistan donot accept credit card except for hotels and high-end restaurants.Travellers ChequeAll cheques are required to be declared on your customs declaration form or you would not beable to cash them in any of the capital banks.Cash 31US Dollars and Euros are the easiest to exchange.

TASHKENTTASHKENT The History In pre-Islamic times, the province was known as “Chach”. Later, the town came to be known as Chachkand, meaning ‘Chach City’. However, in the mid 7th century under the Samanid Dynasty, the place adopted the name Binkath. The Arabs however, retained the old name but pronounced it as ‘Al-Shash’. Eventually, after a string of name changes, the name Tashkent was used because it had more meaning to the new inhabitants as it means ‘Stone City’ when translated literally. First mentioned were Chach, Shash, and Binkent before the “City of Stone”. Tashkent, central capital of Uzbekistan was a major caravan crossroad in A.D 751 for its advantageous geographical location and favourable climate. It was also one of the main points of the Great Silk Road. Archaeologists confidently identify in the territory of Tashkent some significant archaeological objects which are different compared to other regions as they are more commercial oriented. Among them are - the Kulkeldash Madrassah, the Barak-Khan Madrassah complex, the Kaffal Shashi Mausoleums, and the Yunus-Khan Mausoleum. The view of Kulkeldash Madrassah demonstrates one of the very prominent features of modern Tashkent with its amazing many-sided feature. However, Tashkent was changed forever in April 1966 when a massive earthquake hits vast areas of the town and left 30,000 people homeless. Since 1991, drastic changes occurred economically, culturally, and architecturally in Tashkent. The largest statue ever erected for Lenin was replaced with a globe at the Amir Timur Complex complete with a geographical map of Uzbekistan. Buildings from the Soviet era have been replaced with new, modern buildings. One example is the“Downtown Tashkent”district which includes the 22-storey NBU Bank building, the Intercontinental Hotel, the International Business Center, and the Plaza Building. Despite their eccentric history, Tashkent today is the attractive and vibrant capital of Uzbekistan with super modern constructions quietly adjoined to a gray antiquity, memories of the past live near to skyscrapers. 32

HISTORICAL SITES TASHKENTMadrassah of KulkeldashThe Madrassah of Kukeldash is one the most significant architectural sights of the16th Century. It was constructed by the powerful vizier Kukeldash, a foster brotherof Barak Khan, also the ruler of Tashkent Province.The madrassah was used as a caravanserai untill 1860 before it served the khans ofKokand as a fortress. The madrassah had repeatedly fallen into ruins, tumbled byearthquakes in 1866 and 1886. Location: Samarkand Darvoza Street, Tashkent Coordinates: 41°19’24”N 69°14’10”EKaffal-Al-Shashi MausoleumThe Tashkent Mausoleum of Kaffal-Al-Shashi was constructed in honour of ImamMohammed Abu Bakr Muhammad Kaffal Shashi who was born in the Shash (Tashkenttoday) region.The gravestone of Kaffal-Al-Shashi is located in the niche of the mausoleum. In spiteof the fact that this building was rebuilt several times, local Muslims believe that thisis the most sacred place in the city. Location: Karasaray Street, Тashkent Coordinates: 41° 20’ 13.24” N 69° 14’ 21.60” E 72 33

TASHKENT TASHKENT 21 3 4 5 6 8 734

11 10 12 13 TASHKENT9 1. Hazarati Imam Mosque 2. Kaffal-Al-Shashi Mausoleum 3. Barak-Khan Madrassah 4. Chorsu Bazaar 5. Madrassah of Kulkeldash 6. Juma Mosque / Khodja Akhror 7. Abdulkasim Sheikh Madrassah 8. Sheikhantaur Mausoleum 9. Amir Temur Museum 10. Monument of Courage 11. History Museum of People of Uzbekistan 12. Alay Bazaar 13. Memorial of Mirzo Ulugbek *Map Courtesy of Uzbektourism 35

HISTORICAL SITES Parliament of Uzbekistan The building is located within the National Park of Uzbekistan named after Alisher Navoi. The Parliament is a round building measuring 86 meters in diameter. The total area of the four-storey building is 27000sqm. The facade of the Parliament has 36 bright white fluted columns around the perimeter at the height of 18m. The main hall of the Oliy Majlis is located on the second floor. The first level is for 350 members of the parliament and guests whereby the second level is for the press and the third level is for the maintenance team. The height of the hall is 32m. The central chandelier has a height of 10m and 7.5m diameter tubes made of 600 crystal elements and gold. The weight of the chandelier is 4.5 tons. The interior of the building uses Bukharan and Ukrainian granite as well as marble from Samarkand.TASHKENT Location: 1, Bunyodkor Street, 100035Tashkent E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.parliament.gov.uz Coordinates: 41° 18’19.90”N , 69° 14’18.79”E Tashkent Clock Towers Erected in 1947, it began serving the nation on 30 April 1947. I.A.Ayzenshteyn, a watchmaker and resident of Tashkent brought the tower clock mechanism from Germany after World War II. This clock was hung on the tower of City Hall in East Prussia. However, the City Hall was destroyed but the mechanism of the clock remained. He put an idea to build for the clock tower as a symbol ofTashkent. Location: Istikbol Street,Tashkent The newly constructed Tashkent Operation Hours : 9am – 4pm Twin Clock Towers houses a Coordinates: 41° 18’34”N , 69° 16’50”E showroom displaying ancient  and contemporaryjewellery masterfully created by members of crafts dynasties. The old Twin Clock Tower complex offers to visitors unique samples of traditional Uzbek arts and antiques.36

HISTORICAL SITESYunus-Khan MausoleumThe biggest Tashkent Islamic University carries the name of Yunus Khan (1415 –1487), grandfather of the Mughal emperor Babur. The mausoleum is locked butyou can check out its attractive Temurid style pishtak (entrance portal). Location: Old Town Across Navoi from the Navoi Literary Museum TASHKENTZangi-ota MausoleumLegendary saint Zangi-ota spent his life shepherd-gazing during the 14th century,an honourable job at that time. Zangi-ota meaning “Dark Father” was his nicknamedue to his dark skin color.The mausoleum was constructed during Amir Temur’s reign and in fact, the Zangi-ota mausoleum surely recognizes the style of monumental buildings of AmirTemur. Not far from the mausoleum is another popular place – the tomb of thewife of Saint Zangi-ota, holy Anbar Bibi.Location: Zangi-ota District, Tashkent 37

TASHKENT HISTORICAL SITES Barak-Khan Madrassah The world famous Koran of Caliph Osman, the Ottoman Koran, is kept here. The book is the primary source of the holy book of Islam. The ancient manuscript consists of 353 parchment sheets. For centuries, it was kept in the treasury of the Caliphs (consistently in the cities of Medina, Damascus and then in Baghdad). Despite being transferred to a few places, the Koran was already in Uzbekistan in the 19th century. The Barak-Khan Madrassah was constructed during 15th-16th centuries from buildings which were constructed in different periods. First, there was mausoleum in the east part of today’s complex. Second was the dual domed mausoleum and the Khanaka (place for pilgrims), built in 1530 in the honor of the ruler of Tashkent Suyundj Khan Sheybani. Location: East of Tashkent Chorsu Bazaar Abdulkasim Sheikh Madrassah Madrassah Abdulkasim was built in the style of Renaissance East and was founded in the first half of the 19th century named after the highly educated and well-known Abdulkasim. Today, it is home to over 30 craftsmen; it is an astonishing place full of workshops inside the former madrassah. The most significant mention of Abdulkasim Sheikh Madrassah is the signing of a peace treaty by Russian General Chernyaev. Location: A.Navoi National Park, Tashkent 38

HISTORICAL SITES TASHKENTHazarati Imam MosqueThe construction of the mosque was done in the shortest time (four months) in2007 on the initiative of President Islam Karimov. The mosque itself is a uniquesymbol of Tashkent’s architectural style; at the entrance to the mosque there isa terrace with twenty-carved columns of sandalwood. The mosque also has twolarge blue domes, the interior of which is decorated with gold leaf similar to theTilyakari Madrassah in Samarkand. Window openings of domes are designed toallow ray of light to continuously penetrate inside the mosque from sunrise tosunset. At the entrance to the mosque, there are two minarets 53 meters in height. Location: Karasaray Street, Тashkent Coordinates: 41 ° 20‘13:24“N 69 ° 14‘21.60“EAmir Temur MonumentYou will see this great militant riding on his horse raising his hand blessingthe nation with four wise words “The strength is in justice” engraved on themonument. Before the Amir Temur Monument, there was the General KaufmanMonument, later replaced by the Free Workers Monument in 1917, the OctoberRevolution Monument in 1927, the Stalin Monument in 1947 and then, the KarlMarx Monument in 1968. Since 1993, Amir Temur proudly stands in the center ofthe square called “Amir Timur Hiyoboni” or Amir Temur Square.Location: Mirabad District, TashkentCoordinates: 41°18’41”N 69°16’46”E 39

TASHKENT HISTORICAL SITES Location: Mustaliqilik Maydoni Street,Tashkent Coordinates: 41°18’41”N 69°16’46”E Independence and Humanitarianism Monument The Independence Square was called “Avenue of Parades”, where military parades are held in conjunction with International Labour Day on May 9. The square consists of two important monuments which is the Arch of Independence and the Monument of Independence. There is a statue of a seated mother with a baby in her arms in front of the Monument of Independence representing the revival of Uzbekistan as a free independent state since 1991. Location: Samarkand Darvoza Street,Tashkent Coordinates: 41° 19’23.84”N 69° 14’12.15”E Juma Mosque / Khodja Akhror The Juma Mosque is the third largest Friday mosque in Uzbekistan after the Bibi Khanum Mosque and the Kalyan mosque in Samarkand. The main Friday mosque was constructed in the middle of 7th century better known as the Timurid epoch Khodja Akhror from 1404 to 1490. The mosque was greatly destroyed by an earthquake and was only restored with funds provided by the Russian emperor, Alexander III and it became known as the royal mosque. Physical appearance changes upon reconstruction somehow do not 40 change the impressive architectural experience.

HISTORICAL SITESThe Monument of CourageThe monument was built in 1976 in conjunction with the 10th anniversary of themassive earthquake scaled at 9 on the richter that destroyed almost half of thecity of Tashkent. One of its side has an engraving with the inscription: April 26,1966; and on the other side there is the engraved image of a clock-face showing5.24am, the time the earthquake occured.Today, the monument symbolizes peace and well-being of Tashkent nations aswell as how Tashkent people faced the earthquake courageously.Location: Sharaf Rashidov Avenue,Tashkent TASHKENTCoordinates: 41° 19’25.73”N 69° 16’20.81”EMemorial ofMirzo UlugbekThis memorial was builtin memory of a famousstatesman and scholarMirzo Ulugbek, who isthe grandson of AmirTemur. In 1447, he hadbecome the ruler of thegreat Temurid dynasty.The well known Ulugbekwas a scholar of his time,an astronomer, a greatmathematician andfounder of the famousastronomical school inSamarkand, the UlugbekObservatory whichmarked a great historyin his astronomy book“Ulugbek Zidj” thatconsists of theoreticaldescription and drawingsof about 1,000 celestial Location: Mirzo Ulugbek Street,Tashkentbodies. Coordinates: 41° 20’15.50”N 69° 20’16.41”E 41

HISTORICAL SITESTASHKENT Sheikhantaur Mausoleum The memorial at Sheikh Havendi Takhur was built by order of Amir Temur over the grave of the Sheikh at the end of the 15th century. The personality of Havendi Takhur attracted his contemporaries and descendants who considered him as a Sheikh – the wisest of the wise. The Mausoleum of Sheikh Havendi Takhur is humble and modest as was his life. Only small inserts of blue majolica in the lancet compartments and a small tympanum above the entrance enliven the brickwork. Location: Navoi Street, Tashkent Coordinates: 41° 19’ 23” N , 69° 15’ 33” E Location: Amir Temur Street, Tashkent TV Tower Operation Hours : 10pm – 5pm The  Tashkent Television Coordinates: 41° 20’ 44” N , 69° 17’ 03” E Tower  is the tallest tower in Central Asia at 375m.42 The construction of the Tashkent TV Tower started in 1978 and began its operation 6 years later on 15th January 1985. It was the 3rd tallest tower in the world from 1985 to 1991.  It is of a vertical cantilever structure and is constructed out of steel.  The tower has an observation deck located 97 meters (318ft) above the ground. This tower belongs to the  World Federation of Great Towers ranked as the 8th tallest in the world.

MUSEUMS TASHKENT Location: 1, Amir Temur Street, 700000 Тashkent Operation Hours : 10am – 5pm *Closed on Monday Contact: (+98871) 133 6228 Email: [email protected] Website: www.temurid.uz Coordinates: 41° 18’ 49.24” N 69° 16’ 43.83” EAmir Temur MuseumThe museum consists of the History of Temurids. The “Amir Temur Museum” isone refined architecture where the entire perimeter of the building is decoratedwith graceful paintings and carving. The museum windows are all arched nichesmaking the entire place like a castle.From the early days of its existence, the museum has become a centre of scientificthought and education; its exhibits are of great historical value. These includejewellery, weapons, military attire and regalia, musical instruments, manuscripts,personal belongings of Amir Temur and Babur, astronomical instruments ofUlugbek and many other cultural treasures dating back to the Temurids era.The museum has more than three thousand collections of exhibits consisting ofmanuscripts, weapons, clothes, coins and many more that tells about the ancienthistory during the Amir Temur ruling. 43

TASHKENT MUSEUMS History Museum People of Uzbekistan The State Museum of History of Uzbekistan, one of the oldest museums in Central Asia, was founded 136 years ago. The museum fund lists over 250,000 exhibits including over 60,000 archaeological, over 80,000 numismatic and 16,000 ethnographical items reflecting Uzbek’s history from the primitive times up to the present. Divided into 4 continents, the first floor had ancient Zoroastrian and several Buddha artifacts whereas the exhibits on the second floor tell the history of Uzbekistan from the ancient times up to Temurids era. Here you can experience artifacts dating back from over 1000 years ago, as well as exponents of medieval epoch in the Central Asia, an evidence of flourishing science and reflection of its culture. The third floor illustrates the latest history from the 19th century untill now, specially dedicated to H.E President Islam Karimov. Location: 3, Sharaf Rashidov Street,Tashkent OperationHours:10am– 6pm(Mon–Sat)*ClosedonSunday Email: [email protected] Website: www.history-museum.uz Coordinates: 41° 18’41.29”N , 69° 16’9.16”E Museum of Fine Arts The museum walks you back to 1500 years of art in Uzbekistan from the 7th century, starting with Buddha related relics, pre-Russian Turkestan to Soviet Union contemporary works. Exhibiting more than 500 art works of sculpture, paintings, drawings, porcelain and such, the museum’s art collection has been rapidly replenished from the Turkestan Regional museum, Moscow and Leningrad museums. Besides, it also includes the works of Uzbek artists. Location: 16, Mouveranakhr Street,Tashkent Contact: (+99871) 236 7436 Operation Hours: 10am - 5pm *Closed on Monday Email: [email protected] Website: www.fineartmuzeum.uz Coordinates: 41° 18’10”N, 69° 16’40”E 44

MUSEUMSMuseum of Applied ArtsConstructed in the end of the 10th Century, the Museum of Applied Arts elaborate thestyle of each dynasty by displaying various types of handicrafts such as suzanis, ceramic,jewellery, wood-carving, etc which had been made unique by famous craftsmen inTashkent. There’s a gift shop located inside the museum which sells antiques fromcenturies ago. Location: Rakatboshi Street,Tashkent Operation Hours : 9am – 5pm Contact: (+99871) 252 1367 Email: [email protected] Website: www.artmuseum.uz Coordinates: 41° 18’4.35”N, 69° 15’33.88”ETashkent Museum of Railway Technics TASHKENTMuseum of Railway Technics is one of the unusual sights of Tashkent which is not farfrom the central station of the capital. It was opened not long ago, in 1989, in honourof the railroad centenary in Uzbekistan. Steam and diesel locomotives are collectedand showcased in the museum. These locomotives had the trips throughout thecountry a long time ago. Museum of this type is one of the most interesting amongits world analogues. It showcases 13 engines of historic series including enormousblack vehicle with long boilers, which are on the massive wheels, that is the evidenceof power and unyieldingness of those giants.Also known as Museum of Engines byresidents of Tashkent, 18 diesel and 3 electric locomotives are introduced to visitorsof the museum with the development of the railway technics in Uzbekistan. Theequipment used in the past is presented with details for learning and knowledgesuch as semaphores and radio which run with Morse code system, and a lot more.Thismuseum is also attractive as a beautiful park. The place is loved by photographers,who organize photo sessions in retro style and such. Wedding corteges often visit theplace to capture many beautiful pictures of their memorable day. This place is alsoloved by children for it is a great pleasure for them to go upstairs and feel themselvesas an engineer of the enormous vehicles of the railways.Location: 6,Turkiston Street,TashkentPhone: (+998 71) 299-70-40, 259-67-08Working hours: from 9:00 a.m. to 09:00 p.m.Lunch: from 01:00 p.m to 02:00 p.m.Closed: Monday,Tuesday 45

TASHKENT ARCHITECTURE International Business Centre International Business Centre is a unique 16-storey complex, towering in the centre of the capital of Uzbekistan - Tashkent. It is located in the International trade fair complex in the prestigious area of the city near the International Hotel Tashkent and the head office of the National Bank of Foreign Economic Activity of Uzbekistan. The building of the International Business Centre is located 200 meters from the small ring road, on the prospect of Amir Temur, which is comfortable for the vehicles to move freely, and the entrance to the territory of the business centre. The building of the International Business Centre meets all safety requirements. The building is securely guarded with the internal security and safety is ensured on the inside and the outside, together with a separate battalion of militia. In addition, metal detectors and video surveillance system are installed at the entrance of the building, as well as the surrounding areas. There is also an international level first-class office space available, such as meeting rooms, VIP room, and seven meeting rooms with transforming partitions which can accommodate up to 1,600 people. The conference rooms are equipped with modern systems of hardware and equipment. Through divisions and subsidiary organizations, it provides almost all kinds of services needed to meet the needs of the tenants, including the protocol and service, transportation services, technical services, tours and excursions, cleaning, and DHL express mail services. Location: 107 Б Amir Temur Ave, Tashkent 100084, Uzbekistan Phone:+998 71 238 58 84 National Bank of Uzbekistan Established by Presidential Decree in 1991, National Bank of Uzbekistan is the international ‘business card’ of the Uzbekistan banking system. Its primary mission is to serve foreign trade operations, increase the export potential of the republic and attract foreign investments. As an active supporter of market reforms, National Bank of Uzbekistan (NBU) successfully combines the functions of project finance, universal commercial, investment and savings banks and is instrumental in the development of a market- oriented economy. It is the first bank in Uzbekistan to adopt IAS, with a well-developed network of 96 offices NBU boasting a nationwide presence catering to both corporate and retail. NBU also has a subsidiary in Moscow called Asia-Invest Bank, which is one of the Top 200 Russian banks. The bank has over 560 correspondent banks. The bank services more than 70% of Uzbekistan’s foreign trade turnover offering guarantees, forfeiting, factoring and direct lending to domestic exporters. Using credit lines offered by the EBRD, ADB and the IFC, the bank finances investment projects involving the construction, modernization and technical re-equipment of industries as well as purchase of raw materials. Location: 100084 The Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Amir Temur Street, 101 Phone: (998 71) 233-60-70 (998 71) 234-47-71 (998 71) 235-90-60 46

NATURE TASHKENTPskemThe Pskem River or also known as Pishkom is located in Tashkent Province in the Pskemmost wonderful mountains. The origins of this river are in the glaciers of Kazakhstan’sTalas Alatau range in the West Tien Shan and it flows through Pskem Valley towardsLake Charvak. The proverb “everything flows, everything changes” acquires a newmeaning while you are here. If you travel to this remote area of the 4500m highmountains, along the rivers of Choralma orMaydantal, you will discover a lot of evidenceattesting to the fact that this place has beenpreserving its nature since the beginning oftime. Many fossil plants and invertebrates suchas mollusks, sponges and polychaete wormsare clearly seen on the fractured surfaces ofthe stones, which are actually the sedimentaryrocks. Therefore, this gem of Tashkent is not onlyvisited for its beautiful scenery, but also for itsancient history. The archa or juniper forests arethe main vegetable wealth of Pskem, and in inaccessible places, you can find sometrees which are seven hundred years old. The forests include two types of juniper – theZaravshan and semiglobosa ones.People have inhabited the Pskem Valley since a long time. In the 12th century, Pskem dwellers were engaged in metal manufacture, agriculture and trade, because the caravan routes to the Talas Valley passed through Shakhjuvar town, a settlement built on the left bank of the river. Archaeologists managed to excavate a small ancient fortress and furnace slag in the middle of course of the river of Choralma. The furnace consumed juniper wood from the forests, used to smelt metals since the flame produced was extremely hot. Nowadays, the juniper forests are under the state protection. Despite being visited by tourists for many different activities such asmountaineering, rafting and kayaking at the river, yurting along the route and muchmore, Pskem is still a perfect natural habitat for its flora and fauna. Fairly big herds ofCentral Asian ibexes can be found on the rocky slopes of the Pskem Valley, shadowedby snow leopards which are now becoming rare. The shrubbery thickets are nativehabitats of boars, brown bears, Siberian roe deer, wolves, porcupine and badgers.With any luck, you can see some steppe peonies and wild onions in this fairy place,as well as Graig’s and Kaufmann’s tulips. Pskem is a land of high mountains and swiftwater streams, as clear as crystal. While standing on the bank of Pskem River, you canwatch dozens of tons of water rushing past which captivates and hypnotizes you.Under the influence of sunlight, the colour of the water changes from sky-blue to 47emerald green within a day.

TASHKENT SPORTS / STADIUMS Bunyodkor Stadium Bunyodkor Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium located in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. It is currently used mostly for football matches and tournaments, and it is the home ground of Bunyodkor football club. The total land area is 56 hectares and the stadium has a capacity that can hold 34,000 people and it was opened in September 2012. The original shape of this stadium was designed by GMP Architekten in Germany. This new arena was planned to be used for some matches of the 2012 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup. Bunyodkor Stadium is built on the site of Bunyodkor's former home ground, MHSK Stadium and it replaces the JAR Stadium. The stadium was opened on 28 September 2012 with a friendly match between FC Bunyodkor and FC Pakhtakor that ended with 3:3 score. A solemn ceremony on the opening of the stadium was held in Tashkent and was attended by the Head of the State. After his opening speech, a big screen there started showing a video of a story about the achievements of the country since the Independence Day. After that, the friendly match took place. Sports teams Umid Nihollari, Barkamol Avlod, and Universiade performed at the opening ceremony. In addition to that, children's art teams, acrobats, gymnasts, and dance and sports teams participated in the ceremony, which finished with a grand firework display. Bunyodkor Stadium is a sport complex consists of 7 modern soccer fields, children's and youth football school, dormitories, swimming pool, and a number of other necessary facilities. Location: Bunyodkor Street, Tashkent Coordinates: 41°16’47”N 69°12’45”E Tashkent Lakeside Golf Club Golf, a sport which is common in Western Europe and America is becoming more and more popular in Uzbekistan. A perfectly organized golf country club and also the first class golf course has now been created in Tashkent, where high level golf competitions are often held. The golf fields which are 7015 yards long are suitable for golfers of all levels of skills. Picturesque lakes and waterfalls surrounding the fields of 18 holes each make this Central Asian lakeside golf club a venue with a pleasant atmosphere for its visitors. Location: Tashkent, Bektemir region, Lake Rokhat-1 48