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Ethnic Groups BEYOND KL There is an estimate of 42 ethnic groups with over 200 sub-ethnic groups with their own language, culture and beliefs which are predicted to increase more in the future due to high interracial marriage and recent migration. The coastal and low land areas are inhabited mostly by Bajau, Bruneian Malay, Bugis, Cocos Malays, Illanun, Kedayan and Suluk people who traditionally work as fishermen and farmers. While high land areas and interior are inhabited mostly by the Kadazan- Dusun peoples, Murut, Lun Bawang/Lun Dayeh and their sub-groups as farmers and hunters. Bumiputera refers to the Malays and other indigenous groups in Peninsular Malaysia, Sarawak and Sabah. This group of people generally enjoy special privileges (rights) in education, jobs, finance and political positions. Orang Asal or Orang Asli refers to all the indigenous groups in Malaysia excluding Malays. The three largest indigenous group in Sabah are the Kadazan-Dusun, Bajau and Murut; followed by the Bruneian Malays, Suluk and other indigenous, while the Chinese makes up the main non-indigenous population. Kadazandusun is the largest ethnic group in Sabah. This ethnic makes up almost 30% of Sabah’s population. The vast majority of Kadazandusun people live at the hills and upland valley, where they cultivate their lands with paddy (padi) and vegetables. “Pesta Kaamatan” or the Harvest festival is the most celebrated holiday in the calendar year for the Kadazandusun. Meanwhile, “Unduk Ngadau” or the Harvest Beauty Queen, rice-wine and traditional dances are the highlights of the festival which is celebrated annually on the 30th & 31st of May. Bajau is the second largest ethnic group in Sabah, They live their life off the sea, and fishing is their main livelihood and source of income. Many Bajau people in Sabah can be found at the east coast. The Bajau of Kota Belud is famous for their horse riding skill, which earns them the tag as “Cowboys of the East”. This is their main claim to fame in Malaysia, where horse riding has never been widespread anywhere else. The Bajau people are also well known for weaving and needlework skills. The Murut ethinc sits as the third largest ethnic in Sabah. Large percentage of Muruts can be found residing in towns like Keningau, Nabawan, Sook, Tenom and in the Interior Division. Murut simply means “hill people”. Headhunters in the past, they were also fishermen and hunters, skilled with their blowpipes. They were also the last of Sabah’s ethnic groups to renounce headhunting. 99

BEYOND KL Source : Google Image Bruneian Malays are a native Malay ethnic group that lives in Brunei, the federal territory of Labuan, the southwestern coast of Sabah and the northern parts of Sarawak. All Bruneian Malays who are born or domiciled in East Malaysia even for generations before or after the independence of the states of Sabah and Sarawak from the British Empire through the formation of Malaysia in 1963 are also considered Malaysian Malays in the national census, and were in the same status like the Malaysian Malays domiciled in Peninsular Malaysian states and the central and southern parts of Sarawak. They are also defined as a part of the Bumiputera racial classification together as a sub-group within the Malaysian Malay ethnic population, along with the Kadazan-Dusuns, Ibans, Malaccan Portuguese and the Malaysian Siamese. The Suluks live mainly in Sandakan, Semporna and Lahad Datu. The indigenous Suluks are different from the recently arrived Tausūg immigrants from the Philippines as they have embraced the multiculturalism in northern Borneo. However, their position and political ranking is believed to be much Source: youtube.com higher than the Tausugs. The rest of the 20% of the Sabah population consists of the Chinese community. They live in major towns and cities. Up to this day, the Chinese people are seen as the very important ethnic that contributes to the state economy’s income. Their contributions mostly come from business-related activities such as shops and kopitiams. The Chinese in Sabah can be divided into three main groups which are; Hakka, Cantonese and Hokkien people. The Hakka formed the majority of Chinese in Sabah, followed by Cantonese and Hokkien. Other major indigenous ethnic groups include the Bisaya, Bugis, Kedayan, Lotud, Ludayeh, Minokok and Rungus. 100

Places of Interest BEYOND KL N AT U R E Mountains For those who love scaling the great heights of grand mountains, Sabah is the best place to be! We list down three amazing mountains for those seeking a holiday that sets your adrenaline flowing and your eyes enraptured. Mount Kinabalu: Mount Kinabalu, located inside Kinabalu Park is known as the highest mountain in Malaysia and ranked 20th on the list of the most prominent mountains in the world. Standing at 4095.2 metres above sea level, it is one of the few mountains you can climb without any prior mountain-climbing experiences. Book now and experience your once in a lifetime climbing experience. Mount Trus Madi: Another popular mountain in Sabah is Mount Trus Madi. Standing at 2, 642 metres tall, Mount Trus Madi is the second highest mountain in Malaysia after Mount Kinabalu. The peak is located amidst the Trusmadi Forest reserve, which is bordered by three districts-Ranau at its north, Tambunan in the west and Keningau down towards its south. Mount Tambuyukon: Mount Tambuyukon lies towards the Northeast of Mount Kinabalu. It has the height of 2,579.22 meters tall and is the 3rd highest mountain in Sabah and Malaysia. It is also a part of the mountain managed by Sabah parks. Some of the climbers thought that Mount Tambuyukon is the hardest among the top three mountains (alongside Kinabalu and Trus madi) to be conquered. National Parks Two popular national parks in Sabah: Kinabalu Park: It was first established in 1964. It is also the World Heritage Site designated by UNESCO for its “outstanding universal values”. Kinabalu Park covers an area of 754 square kilometres surrounding Mount Kinabalu, and habitat to a massive number of flora and fauna. The best place for all the nature lovers! Hot Spring Ranau: A contrast to Kinabalu Park, the Poring Hot Spring in Ranau is located in the lowlands. The hot spring offers a very satisfying de-stress and soak-away experience through its hot sulphuric minerals. As you explore deeper into the park, don’t forget to reward yourself with the refreshing icy cold water from its waterfalls. *Wildlife Parks Lok Kawi Wildlife and Orang Utan Rehabilitation Centre Sepilok, Sandakan are among the popular places for wildlife visits. Their main highlight is the Bornean Orang Utan, in which is the most iconic animal in Borneo. This animal is a must-to-see! Besides that, there are also other wildlife parks; Tambunan Rafflesia Forest Reserve and Turtle Island Park that should not be missed out. 101

BEYOND KL Caves A cave or cavern is also one of the main attractions that Sabah has to offer. These three caves are in your must-visit-list: Gomantong Cave: Gomantong Cave is located in Kinabatangan District. Gomantong Cave is one of the caves listed in Part II of Schedule 4 of the government owned caves as set out in section 85 (1) of the Wildlife Conservation Enactment 1997 (EPHL97). This cave is famous for its high-quality bird nests--the best in the world. There are two types of bird nests produced in Gomantong Caves, which are the black-nests and the white-nests. Madai cave: Madai Cave is located in Kunak, Sabah. It is an integral part of the limestone hills range located within the Baturong Madai Forest Reserve. The cave is also famous for its swiftlet nests, used in bird’s nest soup. Batu Tulug Cave: Agop Batu Tulug, which is located in Kinabatangan is one of the most iconic caves in Sabah. It stands at 39 metres high and is also a part of the 20-25 million years old Labang limestone formation. It is famous for its remarkable wooden coffins that resemble different animals associated to the beliefs of the Orang Sungai. Islands and Beaches Sabah is one blessed state, as it has the most idyllic and beautiful islands in the world! It is the home to many wonderful dreamy islands and beaches. There are many popular islands in Sabah and several of the beautiful islands such as Manukan, Gaya, Sapi, Mamutik and Sulug can be covered in a day! The distance in which each one is just close to each other make it possible to visit all of these wonderful islands in just one day. Pinpoint your location at Jesselton Point to reach out to these islands. Other island attractions (outside Kota Kinabalu) include Danum Valley, Maliau Basin and Bohey Dulang. Tip of Borneo, Simpang Mengayau: The Tip of Borneo, approximately 3 hours drive from Kota Kinabalu, is the northernmost tip of Borneo located in the district of Kudat, Sabah. The tip marks the meeting point of the South China Sea and Sulu Sea. Tanjung Aru: The most popular “town beach” in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. this beach is the closest to the hearts of the locals. 102 Source : Google Image

HERITAGE TRAILS 1. Sabah State Museum & Heritage Village The state museum is the most integral place one should visit in order to trace back the background or history of one particular area/ city. The Sabah State Museum preserves a collection of artifacts and other objects of artistic, cultural, historical, or scientific importance of Sabah state. The Heritage Village is located inside the Sabah State Museum area. It is one of the main attractions at the Sabah Museum. The Heritage Village exhibits several traditional houses which belong to indigenous groups of Sabah. Bajau and Murut to name a few. Jalan Muzium, 88300 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah BEYOND KL (+6) 088-225 033 2. Sabah Foundation Building (Tun Mustapha Tower) Tracing Sabah’s memory lane is not complete without visiting Sabah’s most important political symbol and icon- the Sabah Foundation building, or known as the Tun Mustapha Tower. It was built in 1977 by a Japanese-based company, Mori Building Company. There are offices, a gym, a research library, restaurants, cafes, a kindergarten, two mini-theatres and an auditorium inside the glass tower building. Jalan Muzium, 88300 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah (+6) 088-225 033 3. North Borneo Steam Railway Want something more nostalgic? What could be more intriguing than passing through villages and town areas and witness plantations, paddy fields and the rainforest itself while riding a steam train? This is it! A so called “down memory lane” activity. It is a joint venture project between Sutera Harbour Resort and the Sabah State Railway Department offering passengers the opportunity to experience the bygone era of British era while transporting passengers along the lifeline of Sabah. North Borneo Railway, The Magellan Sutera Resort, Level 2, 1 Sutera Harbour Boulevard, Sutera Harbour, 88100 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. (+6) 088-308 500 4. Sandakan War Memorial The Sandakan Memorial, a site dedicated to all prisoners who died during the Sandakan Death Marches and Ranau March is located on the site of the original camp. There are still some remnants of the original camp on view. This site will definitely trigger one’s emotional state. Mile 8, Jalan Labuk, Taman Rimba, 90702 Sandakan, Sabah (+6) 089-275 400 103

BEYOND KL LOCAL CULTURES Since Sabah state consists of various ethnic groups (multi-racial community), this situation creates a diverse community--in which every ethnic has its own unique culture. Among the cultural places that offer a wide range of excitement and knowledge are: Mari-Mari Cultural Village: Mari-Mari Cultural Village consists of various traditional homes of Sabahan ethnic communities- the Bajau, Lundayeh, Murut, Rungus and Dusun. It is the most popular cultural destination in Sabah. The village is located at a remote forest in Inanam, Sabah. What is exactly makes the village interesting? You may not only learn and get to know about Sabah’s native cultural knowledge, but may also have the chance to take part and feel the exciting experience for real! Among the attractions are: blow-piping, fire-starting demonstration, tatoo-making demonstration. You also get the opportunity to taste Sabahan traditional delicacies from each ethnic group. Inanam, 88450 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah (+6) 013-881 4921 Monsopiad Cultural Village (Kadazan-Dusun): Another interesting place to learn about the Kadazan-Dusun of Sabah- Monosopiad Heritage Village, a “vilage-concept” museum that is built to commemorate the life and time of the legendary Kadazan and head-hunter warrior, “Monsopiad”. The main highlights of this village are the head-hunting and spirit-worshipping expositions. Kampung Kuai Kandazon, Jalan Putatan Ramayah, P.O. Box 740, 89507 Penampang, Sabah. (+6) 088-734657/ (+6) 011-1419648/ (+6) 011-14196488 Tamu Tamparuli/ Tamparuli Wednesday Market: “Tamu” means market, while Tamparuli refers to the location itself. The Tamu is famous not only because it is the best place to watch the locals mingle and socialize (cultural-communications) but also due to the market‘s location, Tamparuli. Tamparuli is the home of the famous ‘Jambatan Tamparuli’, a favourite folk song of the Kadazan-Dusun people of Sabah which tells of a hanging bridge and the story of a young girl who accidentally loses her shoe while crossing. You can find almost anything here! Opens at 6.00 am and closes at 2.00 pm. Tamparuli, 89250 Tamparuli, Sabah. Mengkabong Water Village: A cultural village that has a similar concept with other cultural villages- information and knowledge about a particular ethnic group in Sabah; the Bajau community-Fisherman community. Enjoy a sunset river cruise among mangrove trees and spot mesmerizing fireflies at the end of an incredible day. Tour packages to Mengkabong Water Village are available for booking. Mengkabong River 104

Sabah’s Food Trails BEYOND KL Ambuyat: Ambuyat, originating from Brunei, is a special ‘one of a kind’ dish that can be found in Sabah. It is made from sago palm, derived from a Rumbia tree. Ambuyat is prepared by mixing the sago starch powder into boiling water. Although it does not look appetising plain white and bland, it is actually goes well when eaten with flavourful dipping sauce. When the sago starts to coagulate, use a pair of bamboo fork or wooden chopsticks to roll the starch around the prongs, then dip into accompanying dish and munch. Hinava: Hinava is the traditional dish of the Kadazan-Dusun people. The main ingredient is the fresh raw mackerel fish (Tenggiri), which is filleted and thinly sliced (you can also substitute the fish with either prawn or squid) . The slices are then mixed with sliced chili, ginger, diced red onions, grated Bambangan seed, salt and finally set with a few squirts of lime juice. Pinasakan Sada: Pinasakan Sada is one of the most popular preserved food in Sabah. It is made of braised basung fish mixed with takob akob (a tangy wild fruit mainly harvested for its skin), fresh turmeric, salt and slices of Bambangan (optional). Pinasakan goes well with white rice or ambuyat. It is also sometimes eaten with a dash of sambal. Pinasakan can be kept for up to two weeks. It is a home-cooked dish and is not readily available in modern restaurants in Sabah. Bambangan: Bambangan is a seasonal “wild mango fruit”. It is orange in colour and covered with brown skin. This fruit is popular among the locals and commonly used as one of Pinasakan’s mixtures. The bambangan seed is usually grated, mixed into the flesh, and eaten. It can be found at most tamu market or vegetable markets. 105

BEYOND KL Tuhau: Tuhau is made of a type of wild ginger that is thinly diced, mixed with diced chili and diced scallion, and pickled using salt and vinegar. Even though this dish is popular among the locals, however, some people can’t bear with the pungent smell (it stinks!). Despite of its unpleasant smell, it is still rated as one of the most delicious and satisfying dishes in Sabah. Tuhau makes a great accompanying dish for anything and everything. It can be found at tamu markets or vegetable markets all across Sabah. Latok: Latok is a type of seaweed that can be found in Sabah and Philippines. The shape resembles grapes and is particularly popular among the Bajau people from the East coast of Sabah. However, the locals also love it! It is usually eaten as a salad or a side dish mixed with chilli or bird’s eye chilli (cili padi), lime and sambal belacan. Since it is very salty, you are advised to clean it properly before eating. Latok can be found in any wet markets in Sabah. Linopot: Linopot, a Kadazan-Dusun dish is made from rice that is steamed in a leaf- a leaf that is big enough to wrap the rice. Traditionally, the rice is mixed with boiled yams or sweet potato- this is to take the purpulish or brown hue from the root vegetables. The mixture is then compacted into a roundish shape. This type of dish can only be found at a specific restaurants (special restaurant) and during festive seasons in Sabah; especially The Harvest Festival (Pesta Kaamatan). Nomson (Bosou): Nomson, also known as bosou is also one of the traditional dishes available in Sabah. It is made from fermented fresh water fish, mixed with salt rice and Pangi fruits. It is best served with white rice. Nomson can be found at stalls alongside the road to Kudat or any markets. 106

Accommodations BEYOND KL 1.Shangri-La Tanjung Aru Resort & Spa No. 20, Jalan Aru, Tanjung Aru, 88100 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah (+6)088-327 888 https://www.shangri-la.com/kotakinabalu/tanjungaruresort/ 2.Grandis Hotel & Resorts Suria Sabah Shopping Mall, 1A, Jalan Tun Fuad Stephen, 88000 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah (+6)088-522 888 https://www.hotelgrandis.com/ 3.Courtyard Hotel 1Borneo 1Borneo, Jalan Sulaman, 88450 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah (+6)088-528 222 http://www.courtyardhotel1borneo.com/ 4.The Magellan Sutera Resort, Sutera Harbour The Magellan Sutera Resort, 1 Sutera Harbour Boulevard, Sutera Harbour, 88100 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah (+6)088-318 888 http://www.suteraharbour.com/magellan-sutera-resort 5.Promenade Service Apartment 3-G-17, Api-Api Centre, Lorong Api - Api 2, Api-api Centre, 88000 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah (+6)088-260 888 https://www.promenadeapartment.com/ 6. Pan Borneo Hotel Kota Kinabalu One Place Mall, Lorong Putat 3, 88200 Putatan, Kota Kinabalu Sabah. +608 8327 777 www.panborneohotelkk.com 7.Le Meredian Kota Kinabalu Jalan Tun Fuad Stephens, Sinsuran Kompleks, 88000 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah (+6)088-322 222 https://www.marriott.com/hotels/travel/bkimd-le-meridien-kota-kinabalu/ 8.Hyatt Regency Kinabalu Jalan Datuk Salleh Sulong, 88991 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah (+6)088-221 234 https://www.hyatt.com/en-US/hotel/malaysia/hyatt-regency-kinabalu/ 107



HERE WE GO! Source: amazingborneo.com Source : Google Image

BEYOND KL 5 Fun Facts about Sarawak Fun Facts About Sarawak (Kuching). 1. Why Kuching is named ‘Kuching’. Every traveler worth their salt would have learned that ‘Kuching’ translates into ‘Cat’. And if it weren’t clear enough, the various statues and the affectionate nickname “City of Cats” would have certainly clued you in! But though the city has embraced their love for our feline companions, it certainly wasn’t the reason why the city was named so (As cute as that idea might be!) Despite the various fanciful stories on how the name came to be, the most likely reason was this: ‘Kuching’ may have been derived from the word ‘Cochin’, which was used to refer to a trading harbor in China and British India. From there, the jump is not very far. 2. Modern Longhouses? There is still a misconception where Sarawakians are still either living in the treetops or in olden longhouses still built in the middle of an uncharted forest, lacking modern amenities. This is certainly not true, as many longhouses have actually been developed and look more akin to a long terrace house. They’re also fitted with modern supplies too, like electricity and water. You may even be planning to book a room in one! 3. Cleanest City in Malaysia. Kuching is definitely known for this, and is even recognized and awarded by the United Nations, World Health Organization, and Alliance for Healthy Cities. Just like how cats are known to be very clean animals. 4. No ‘Wrong Way’ about it! In Kuching, there is no ‘wrong way’ to head to your destination! No matter your route, there is always a road that will lead you to your destination, thanks to the many shortcuts available. When in doubt, ask a local! 5. Kuching has a REALLY big roundabout. And how! They can surround space the equivalent of one and a half football fields, making it more than ample space to build houses and plant trees within the circle! Imagine simply living within a large roundabout and watching all the cars go by. There are even some famous cat statues situated within these roundabouts… like the Padungan Roundabout Cat Statue! 110

Ethnic Groups While it is unable to contest Sabah, the land of Sarawak is still one of impressive cultural diversity. There are 6 main ethnic groups, and an estimated over 40 different sub-ethnic groups, all who have grown their roots in Sarawak soil with their very own distinct cultures, languages, and even lifestyles. Together they make up a population of over 2.6 million people. The largest indigenous groups in Sarawak comprise of people known collectively BEYOND KL as the Dayak: non-Muslims that largely practice Christianity whilst still observing the beliefs and traditions of their forefathers. These are the Iban and the Bidayuh people. Then there are the Orang Ulu, and the Melanau, and finally, the Chinese and Malay groups. The Iban people make up the majority of people in Sarawak, comprising of 30% of the current population today. Historically, the Iban made their living as farmers, pirates, and fishermen, and built their famous longhouse settlements in the river valleys of Batang Ai, the Skrang River, Saribas, and the Rajang River, from where they received the moniker of ‘Sea Dayak’. Though they had a frightening history as formidable head hunters due to their excellent spearsmanship, they have since become known as peaceful people for their hospitality. Iban people are also master craftsmen, with the women known for their beautiful special weaving, the Pua Kumbu, and the men for thier woodcarving and silversmiths. Bidayuh people, on the other hand, are the ‘Land Dayak’. Source:pinterest.com Though their population is significantly smaller compared to the Iban, standing at 8% of Sarawak’s population, they are the second largest ethnic group in Sabah. Nowadays, the Bidayuh can be found largely inhabiting the hills counties on the west end of Sarawak, only about an hours drive away from the capital city of Kuching. On these hills, they farm rice, maize and sugarcane, along with other crops such as coca, pepper, and rubber. They are known to be master wine makers, and are capable of making fantastic wines that are brewed out of their very own crops. Impressively, there are around 25 different dialects of Bidayuh that are spoken in Sarawak today; though this may be due to the fact no two villages share the same dialect. Orang Ulu, who are also known as ‘Upriver People’, make up 5% of Sarawak’s population. As their village longhouses have been found built in the upriver regions of Rejang, Baram, Limbang and Trusan rivers, there is little wonder as to how they got their name. The Orang Ulu can be divided into three major groupings and a number of smaller communities, which can be classified as sub-ethnic groups of their own right. Still, what they all have in common is that, as Orang Ulu, they are among Sarawak’s most artistic people. Their longhouses are ornate, decorated with hand paintings and woodcarvings. They create music with beautifully carved Sape, their instrument, both men and women alike adorn their bodies with ornate tattoos, and, like the other indigenous groups of Sarawak, are master craftsmen. 111

The Melanau now make up 6% of the current population in Sarawak, and are known to be among the earliest settlers in Sarawak. A map published in 1595 Florence hints at this, as the name “Malano” was used to indicate a northwest coastal region of Sarawak, where the Melanau inhabit today. This may very well signify they were a well established people even then, and were already conducting trade. BEYOND KL Traditionally fishermen and padi (rice) or sago farmers, Source: maruwiah.com the Melanau used to live upriver like the Orang Ulu, but eventually migrated to the coasts away from the larger number of Iban people. There they built ‘tall houses’, a type of longhouse famously known for its height. The Melanau are known for crafting a type of “sickness doll” called blum or dakan to be used in their healing ceremonies, and for their unique marinated raw fish dish called umei. Like in Sabah, the Chinese also make up a large percentage of Sarawak’s population, making up 24% of the population. The first Chinese migrants worked in the gold mines or plantations, but eventually through their work ethic and knack for business eventually lead them to become a prosperous group. The dialects they speak are as varied as the jobs they took, and include Hakka, Hokkien, Teochew, and Hainanese. The Malay population in Sarawak also stands at about 24%, and they are a varied group of people. This is because many Malay people in Sarawak are likely to have descended from the local indigenous people, and as such, carry with them some part of their cultures. Though many Malays have been fishermen or rice farmers in the past, and still are in rural areas, urban Malays have taken up more varied jobs and deal in businesses. The Malays in Sarawak have also developed a unique dialect, and it is sometimes considered a whole other language, Sarawak Malay. 112

Places of Interest S ig htseeing- NATU RE and Cultural Tours There is certainly a lot to see in the great City of Cats other than from the cats themselves! From the historical, to the modern, just take a slow gander and you will definitely find something that fits your flavour for fun. Kuching Waterfront: One of the most famous, if not the most famous tourist site to be found in already colourful Kuching, The Kuching Waterfront is definitely the place to be if you’re looking for some quality entertainment. This picturesque waterfront is undeniably beautiful, especially in the night, but knowing that these lights come from the many hotels, restaurants, and shopping centres make one feel as though they are in the centre of everything. Islamic Heritage Museum: Originally built as the James Brook Malay College, then repurposed as Maderasah Melayu Sarawak in (1930), the Islamic Heritage Museum has gone through quite a few changes ever since its creation. Ultimately, it is still a building whose purpose is to educate, as in its current form as a museum gives visitors a little insight into Malay-Muslim culture through the displays it holds. Fort Magherita: An old fort that was constructed under the reign of Charles Brooke in 1879, this English castle-styled fort was once built to fend off pirates who would attack. It has become an important historical landmark, as not only is it a symbol of the Brooke Dynasty, it also houses the Brooke Gallery, making it a place where one may learn of the history of Kuching. Upside Down House Kuching: The first of its kind in Sarawak, the Upside Down House in Kuching is a must go if you’re delighted by the slightly bizarre. This fun exhibit, which is decorated in a downright mundane fashion, will definitely be leaving your imagination spinning as you stare at the sofa from the ceiling! This place is perfect for children too, and great change of pace should you need a break from some serious history lessons. If you’re looking for some environmental tourism, Sarawak has you covered. With its many national parks, all unique in their own ways, there will always be something to see! Bako National Park: Classified as a protected area in 1957 and covering 27 square kilometres, Bako National Park may be able to boast of being the first and also the oldest national park in Sarawak. It is also the smallest. One of its main allures is that, though small, the park is still home to an astonishingly diverse cast of flora and fauna, including the 150 to 250 wild proboscis monkeys that make the park their home. 113

BEYOND KL Semenggoh Wildlife Park: Established as an orang-utan sanctuary in 1975, Semenggoh’s goal has not changed ever since: to rehabilitate and care for injured and orphaned orang-utans. Now the biggest Orangutan Rehabilitation Centre in Sarawak and only a 30 minute drive away from Kuching, it is no surprise this centre has become a popular spot to visit. Niah National Park: A park it may be, Niah National Park is foremost home to an important archaeological site. Within the magnificent Niah Caves is where the oldest human remains in Southeast Asia were discovered, and upon its walls it too bears important marks of the past in the form of cave paintings that tell stories of centuries past. Santubong River: Found within the region of Sanbutong, filled with running waters full of wildlife, the Santubong River has much to offer. From crocodiles, to fireflies, and even some proboscis monkeys that may be caught hanging around amongst the mangrove trees, there is definitely something to see! So if you’re feeling lucky, why not book a cruise? Because who knows, you may see the famous and rare Irrawaddy Dolphins shyly swimming within the river waters. Thinking of getting off the beaten track but still looking for something uniquely Sarawak? Why not try visiting these culturally-rich areas for a change? Annah Rais Long House: One of the oldest Bidayuh Long- House that can still be found in Sarawak, the Annah Rais Long-House is part of a community that has yet to be touched by modern development. With a homestay programme in place, visitors are given the chance to stay with the Bidayuh tribe and learn of their ways of living. Sarawak Cultural Village: Interested in experiencing the culture of Sarawak in half a day? Then a trip to the Sarawak Cultural Village will be a must. This special ‘living’ museum spans across 17 acres of land, and people from the various major Sarawak ethnic groups have come together to inhabit this very village. This is in order to bring to life the vibrant cultures and lifestyles existing in Sarawak, all in one village! 114

Walking & Biking BEYOND KL 1. Orchid Garden Kuching Spanning 15.4 acres, the Orchid Garden Kuching is a beautiful garden overlooking another one of Kuching’s main attractions, the Kuching Waterfront. Boasting 75,000 orchid plants and 65 different genera, the main stars of the show are the Borneo Orchids. Nevertheless, the sheer variety really makes the garden deserving of its name. Kuching North City Hall, Bukit Siol, Jalan Semariang, Petra Jaya, 93050 Kuching, Sarawak Malaysia. 082-446688 https://dbku.sarawak.gov.my/page-0-411-98-tid.html 2. Friendship Garden Kuching A popular park, it was built to commemorate the friendship between China and Malaysia. One of the parks entrances pays homage to this, as from the arc hangs a signboard with the name of the park written in Chinese characters. There are many attractions to be visited in this park, such as the Friendship Globe, a giant statue of Admiral Zheng Ho, and 14 stone panels of murals depicting Malaysian landmarks. Jalan Song, Tabuan Heights, 93350 Kuching, Sarawak 3. Kubah National Park Kubah National Park is a popular destination ever since it was opened to the public in 1995. Established earlier in 1989 in order to protect the rich flora and fauna found there, its many different trails is definitely what makes it an alluring site to visit. 93050 Kuching, Sarawak 082-370264 / 370422 4. Pardesa Borneo Fancy a bike tour? Pardesa Borneo has you covered. This travel company focuses on the thrill of adventure, offering exploratory tours through Sarawak either on bike or on foot. Great for when you’re looking for something a little different from your usual travel tours. (They offer the usual too, of course.) No1. Wayang Street, 93000 Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia +6082 238801 http://paradesaborneo.com/ 5. Kuching Caving- Fairy and Wind Caves Looking to go exploring in the dark and unique? Why not go cave exploring? Located near the town of Bau, both are limestone caves. In the Fairy Cave in particular, it contains some unusually shaped stalagmites. Buddists and Taoists have visited this cave to burn joss sticks, as these very unique stalagmites seem to invoke images similar to their deities. 94000 Bau, Sarawak 115

BEYOND KL Source: semadangkayak.com Water Sports Source: tripadvisor.com.my Source: viator.com 1. Semadang Kayaking Always wanted to go kayaking at the Semadang River? Semadang Kayaking is the place for you. The family owned company specializes in providing river kayaking services with their highly trained kayaking guides, and it doesn’t just stop right there! Not only do they offer kayaking services, they also do classic bamboo rafting too. And some packages even contain a caving tours for the interested. Kampung Semadang, Jalan Puncak Borneo, Kilometer 24, 94700, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia +60138042118 (Edward), +60193980609 (Luke) https://www.semadangkayak.com/contact/ 2. Aquabase Scuba Diving If scuba diving is for you… hit up Aquabase Scuba Diving. Owned and operated by a master scuba diver and licensed tourist guide, you definitely know you’re in for a treat. For those who have never dived before, worry not. Aquabase offers scuba diving classes to the uninitiated as well! There is definitely something for everyone. Damai Central, Jalan Pantai Damai, Kuching 93050, Sarawak, Malaysia (+60) 13-8350857 https://aquabase.com.my/ 3. Satang Island – Turtle Conservation & Snorkelling Satang Island, which is home to the Talang Satang National Park, offers some environmental tourism. The park’s purpose is to indeed conserve the endangered Sea Turtle, but it allows educational visitations, and even snorkelling. Of course, one needs to be careful where they go in order to preserve the environment, but in the name of the sea turtle, it is only a small price to pay. Satang Island, Sarawak +608-2248088/ 016-809 2660 116

Sarawak’s Food Trails BEYOND KL Laksa A spicy, soupy noodle dish, the name Laksa originated from the Hokkien word luak sua, which translates into ‘spicy sand’. Though isn’t literally made of spicy sand, it does refer to the texture and taste of ground up fried prawn. The noodles itself are usually either thick wheat noodles, or thin rice vermicelli, and Sarawak Laksa is usually the latter. Its curry broth is also usually paired with a serving of prawn, omelette egg slices, and mung bean sprouts. Midin What Sarawakians call ‘Midin’ is actually the stalks of a green jungle fern. These curly green stalks, unlike many other greens that soften in the heat, are able to keep their enjoyable crunchy texture even after being cooked. Like many other vegetables, midin may be prepared a variety of ways, such as in a salad, or stir-fried with a varied combo of ingredients. Manok Pansoh A unique dish, the Manok Pansoh is made by stuffing hollow bamboo with chicken marinated by a host of flavourful spices. The meat is sandwiched in between lightly salted tapioca leaves, and then left to roast over hot coals. Sometimes, water is added to create a broth. The spices include ingredients such as garlic, shallots, ginger, laksa leaves, and the Malaysian unique ‘Bunga Kantan’. Terung Dayak (dayak brinjal) When faced with these round vegetables, you would never have guessed its part of the eggplant family, right? Terung Dayak, which is also known as Terung Asam, would translate into ‘Sour Eggplant’, and its supposedly brought in to Sarawak long ago by the Dayak people, giving it its name. This vegetable, just like its longer and purple cousins, are used in a variety of dishes, but Sarawakians do love pairing it with fish! So, keep an eye out for it in local restaurants! Dabai Unique to Sarawak, and even more specifically the Sibu region, the Dabai harvest is among the most anticipated of crops among the locals and for very good reason. While these little fruits look like olives, they bear an incredibly unique flavour profile, only coaxed out after being washed and steeped in some hot water to cook. Like the avocado, it is not a sweet fruit, instead tasting buttery once cooked, and locals typically mix it with salt or soy sauce before eating. Oh, the seeds are edible too! 117

BEYOND KL Belacan Bihun Another uniquely Sarawakian dish only found in Kuching, Belacan Bihun is a noodle dish that is primarily made with cooked bihun (rice vermicelli), dry shrimp paste, and shallots. This may be paired with cooked pieces of cuttlefish, shredded cucumber, and sliced century eggs. This spicy, sweet and tangy dish may be nothing like you’ve ever eaten, but it is a must try for belachan lovers Fried Oyster Pancake Love oysters and eggs? Then this is the dish for you! The fried oyster pancake is a dish made by creating a batter of eggs mixed with a dash of starch to thicken. Then, mixing in fresh oysters (Or in some cases, mussels), the batter will then be fried. The result is a beautiful, crispy, and slightly chewy pancake holding delicious bites of oysters, which may not be the large ones you may usually see on the shell, but taste just as good. Kek Lapis Sarawak One of its most iconic desserts, there are probably as many varieties of Kek Lapis Sarawak as there are layers in a single slice. And that is no joke! These cakes are made with a batter that requires a strong arm to be properly prepared, and the layers are all carefully fastened together with jam or another sweet substance. Due to the process, it is possible for experienced bakers to make cakes with unique patterns, making them perfect desserts for special occasions. Umai A traditional dish of the Melanau people residing in Sarawak, it was primarily the dish of the fishermen. This is definitely reflected in the ingredients used, which includes strips of raw fish mixed with spices such as chilli and chopped onions, mixed with salt, and freshly squeezed lime juice. Of course, the main seafood used can be varied, with recipes that use prawns, or even squid. Bihun Cangkuk Manis A fried noodle dish, the name Cangkuk Manis refers to the vegetable that plays a primary role in this tasty meal. Cangkuk Manis, or ‘Sweet Leaf’ in English, is a popular vegetable in its own right due to its natural sweetness. This remains true in Bihun Cangkuk Manis, where it is fried with shallots and garlic with a splash of soy sauce, before the bihun is added with eggs and dried prawn. The result may seem a simple dish, but the combination of cangkuk manis, carefully fried bihun, and egg, makes for a satisfying meal. 118

Accommodations BEYOND KL 1. Hilton Kuching Hotel Jalan Tunku Abdul Rahman, 93100 Kuching, Sarawak 082-223 888 https://www3.hilton.com 2. Hotel Pullman 1A Jalan Mathies, 93100 Kuching, Sarawak 082-222 888 https://www.pullmankuching.com/ 3. Tune Hotel Waterfront Jalan Borneo, 93100, Off Jalan Tunku Abdul Rahman, 93100 Kuching, Sarawak 082-238 221 https://www.tunehotels.com/malaysia-hotels/ waterfront-kuching-sarawak/ 4. Harbour View Hotel Lorong Temple, 93150 Kuching, Sarawak 082-274 666 http://www.harbourview.com.my/ 5. Imperial Riverbank Hotel Jalan Tunku Abdul Rahman, 93100 Kuching, Sarawak 082-230 033 http://imperial.com.my/ 6. Hotel Grand Continental Kuching Lot 322, Section46, Jalan Ban Hock, 93100 Kuching, Sarawak 082-230 399 7. Merdeka Palace Hotel & Suites Jalan Tun Abang Haji Openg, Taman Budaya, 93000 Kuching, Sarawak 082-258 000 http://www.merdekapalace.com/ 8. Abell Hotel 22, Jalan Tunku Abdul Rahman, 93100 Kuching, Sarawak 082-239 449 http://www.abellhotel.com/ 9. Riverside Majestic Hotel 93756, Jalan Tunku Abdul Rahman, 93100 Kuching, Sarawak 082-532 222 http://www.riversidemajestic.com/ 10. The Ranee Boutique Suites 7, Jalan Main Bazaar, Main Bazaar, 93000 Kuching, Sarawak 082-258 833 119

Sabah & Sarawak Gallery BEYOND KL Source : Google Image Source : Google Image 120

BEYOND KL Source : Google Image Source : Google Image 121

Music & Dance MUSIC & DANCE The multi-racial and multi-national heritage in Malaysia is most prominently portrayed through its assorted dance and music forms. For instance, the dances of the Orang Asli, Indigenous Malays and different ethnic groups from Sabah and Sarawak are truly captivating and exotic. Since the settlement of the Chinese, Indians and Portuguese, the traditional dances of their homelands have eventually been incorporated into Malaysia’s culture and heritage. Music 1. Orchestra Malaysia has two traditional orchestras; the nobat and the gamelan. The nobat is a royal orchestra that plays a more solemn- type of music using the serunai or nafiriwind instruments. This type of orchestra has a more serious vibe, and is used in the courts or formal events. Meanwhile, the gamelan originated from Indonesia , and is a traditional orchestra that plays eerie lilting melodies using stringed or percussion instruments. 2. Kompang The most popular Malay traditional instrument, the kompang is widely used in Malaysia for a variety of social occasions, such as in Merdeka (National Day) parades, weddings, and official functions. The kompang shares some resemblance to the tambourine, but it is without the hand drum and the smaller jingling metal discs embedded in its rim. The kompang is also most commonly played in large ensembles. 3. Sape The sape is a traditional flute used by the upriver people of Sarawak or the Orang Ulu community. It is a woodcarving masterpiece, made by hollowing a length of wood with intricate colorful motifs. Initially played during healing ceremonies amongst longhouses, the sape eventually became a social instrument of entertainment, especially to accompany dances such as Datun Julud and Ngajat. 122

Dance MUSIC & DANCE 1. Zapin With an Islamic influence, the Zapin is a popular Malaysian dance in the state of Johor. The original dance was first introduced by Muslim missionaries from the Middle East. The dance was performed in order to spread knowledge about the history of the Islamic civilization. 2. Joget Described as Malaysia’s most popular traditional dance, the Joget is a lively and upbeat dance which makes use of cheerful tempo and rhythm. Typically performed in twos, Joget is a combination of graceful movements and fast steps paired with a playful humor. Originating from the Portuguese folk dance, Joget was introduced to Melaka during the era of the spice trade, and has stuck around in our culture ever since. 3. Kuda Kepang Originating from the Javanese immigrants in the state of Johor, the Kuda Kepang is a traditional dance which highlights Islamic aspects. Kuda Kepang are dances that dramatizes the tales of the Islamic holy wars, and so the dancers sit astride mock horses moving to the rhythmic beats of a percussion ensemble. This form of dance is paired with music that usually consists of gongs, drums, and angklungs. 4. Malay Mak Yong The Malay Mak Yong first originated from Patani in Southern Thailand. This form of dance was known to be a form of entertainment for queens, princesses, and female royalty when their men were away at war. This form of dance is a combination of dance and operatic singing, and often had the themes of romantic drama. Malay Mak Yong also expresses the tales of the golden age of the Malay kingdoms, which are dramatized through enchanting performances. 123 Source: libur.com.my

GAMES &UPSEAFSTU-LTCIOMNETACT Malaysian Games & Past-Time Apart from its unique identity and cultural heritage, Malaysian’s strong sense of community is also reflected in their games and pastimes. Back in those days before the internet, the Malay community spent their free/ leisure time playing around with traditional games. However, nowadays, most of the traditional games are not being played anymore by the children as they are more keen in playing computer games. Nevertheless, if you have been wondering what Malaysians did to keep themselves entertained in those days, this list of information may be helpful: 1. Wau Wau is a customary kite that is particularly prevalent in the province of Kelantan, on the East Coast of Malaysia. Traditionally flown after the rice-harvest season, these giant kites are often as big as a man –measuring about 3.5 meters from head to tail. ‘Wau” got its name from the fact that, its shape is like the Arabic letter that is articulated as ‘amazing’. 2. Gasing Gasing is one of the most popular traditional games of all times. What is a gasing? It is a giant spinning top that weighs approximately 5kg or 10lbs and may be as large as a dinner plate. Customarily played before the rice-harvest season, this game requires a particular skill and energy. The top is set spinning by unfurling a rope that has been wound around it. Then it is scooped off the ground, whilst still spinning, using a wooden bat with a centre slit, it is transferred onto a low post with a metal receptacle. If expertly hurtled, it can spin for up to 2 hours. 3. Silat This Malay martial art has existed in the Malay Archipelago for many centuries. Made up of mesmerizing movements meant to dazzle ones opponents, it is no wonder this art has also become an international sport and a traditional dance. With accordance to the Islamic tenets, it is believed that those practicing silat will have their spiritual strength increased, and even now it plays an important part in bringing entertainment to the people by being performed at Malay weddings and cultural festivals. All silat performances are usually accompanied by drums and gongs. 124

4. Sepak Takraw GAMES & PAST -TIME Sepak Takraw, which is also known as sepak raga, is a traditional ball game. The ball is made through weaving strips of bamboo together to form its shape, and the goal of the game is to pass this woven ball about using any part of ones body, sans the lower arms and hands. The two main types of sepak takraw are the bulatan (circle) and the jaring (net), and sepak raga bulatan is the original form of the game. In this version, players would form a circle, and all of them would work to keep the ball in the air for as long as possible. Meanwhile, sepak takraw jarring can be considered the modern version. In a sepak takraw jarring game, the ball is passed across a court, over a high net. 5. Wayang Kulit Wayang kulit is a traditional theatre that brings together the playful energy reminiscent of puppet shows and combines with it the simple yet mysterious quality of a shadow play. Made of cow or buffalo hide, the puppets, unlike the string puppets found anywhere else, are actually flat and two-dimensional, carved out of the hides and then painted by hand. This results in intricately designed puppets, each a completely unique individual made with a stylized exaggeration of the human shape in mind. Then, a singular master storyteller called a Tok Dalang, would control these puppets with a skillful hand in order to cast their shadows from behind a taut linen screen, and the story plays out like so. Wayang kulit is usually used to dramatize ancient Indian epics. 6. Congkak Played by womenfolk in ancient times, congkak is a mathematics game that was easy to play. One simply needed to dig out some holes in the earth, along with a handful of tamarind seeds. Today, tools for playing congkak are actually made, usually in the form of an oval piece of solid wood with two rows of five, seven, or nine holes carved into it, along with two large holes at both ends called the “home”. You can play a game of congkak with some shells, marbles, pebbles, and the traditional tamarind seeds, and two players. 7.Sepak Maggis A unique outdoor game that is played by the Bajau and Iranun men of Sabah, players of Sepak Manggis would form a circle facing each other, and aim to strike the bunga manggis floral carrier that would be dangled from a 10-meter tall pole. Whoever manages to strike this floral carrier will be rewarded with money, gifts, or edibles that have been placed within the carrier. 125

Useful Contacts Emergency Services Numbers Domestic Airlines Tourism Police Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Airlines: 1 300 88 3000 Air Asia: +603 7809 6888 Hotline (HQ): +603 21496590 Air Asia X: 1 600 85 8888 Air India: +603 2072 5055 Enquiries: +603 2149 6593 Berjaya Air: +603 78468 228 British Airways: +603 7712 4747 Customs: +603 8787 2312 Cathay Pacific: +603 6207 4989 China Airlines: +603 2142 7344 Police & Ambulance Emirates: +603 6207 4999 Firefly: +603 7845 4543 (Land lines & public pay phones) 999 Garuda Indonesia: +603 2162 2811 Japan Airlines: 1-300-81-3366 USEFUL CONTACTS (Mobile Phones) 112 Korean Airlines: +603 2030 0200 Royal Brunei: +603 2070 7166 Fire and Rescue Department Singapore Airline: +603 2618 6333 Thai Airways: +603 8787 3522 (Land Line & public pay phones) 994 Pelangi Air: +603 5511 0557 KLIA Infoline: +603-8777 8888 (Mobile Phones) 112 Sky Park Subang: +603 7845 3245 Civil Defense: 991 Foreign High Commission and Embassies St.John’s Ambulance: Australia: +603 2146 5555 Austrian: +603 2057 0020 +603 9285 1576 Bosnia and Herzegovina: +603 2144 0353 Red Cresent Society: +603 4257 8726 China: +603 2164 5250 Chilean: +603 2161 6203 Accidents / Natural Disasters: 991 Czech Republic: +603 2166 1900 France: +603 2053 5500 Tourism Malaysia Ghana: +603 4257 9703 India: +603 6205 2350 Tourism Infoline: 1 300 88 5050 Japan: +603 2177 2600 PWTC: +603 2614 6999 Mexico: +603 2164 6362 KL Sentral: +603 2786 8080 Nepal: +603 2020 1898 MaTic, Jalan Ampang: +603 9235 New Zealand: +603 2078 2533 4800 / 4900 Philippines: +603 2148 4233 Saudi Arabia: +603 4257 9433 Telecommunication Service Provider Sweeden: +603 2203 0200 Royal Danish: +603 2032 2001 Telekom Malaysia Operators Vietnam: +603 2148 4036 (www.tm.com.my) TM Customer Service Centre: +603 Taxis 2241 1290 Comfort Radio Cab (HQ): +603 6253 Mobile/ Cellular Service Provider 1313 Comfort Radio Cab: +603 8024 0507 Maxis: 1 800 82 1123 City Line Cabs: +603 9222 2828/ 7878 Celcom: +6019 601 1111 Super Cabs: +603 7875 7333 Digi: +6016 221 1800 Saujana: +603 2162 8888 U Mobile: +6018 388 1318 Wira Cabs: +603 2144 3630 Shah Alam Taxi: +603 5519 1740 American Express: +603 2050 0000 Sunlight Cab: +603 90575757 Diners Club: +603 2161 1055 Out Station Taxi: +603 238 0213 Visa: 1 300 967 1096 Airport Taxi: +603 238 0213 MasterCard: +603 2093 7771 Transportation Service KLIA: +603 8776 2000 Hentian Duta: +603 6203 3064 KLIA Limosine Services: +603 8787 3030 Subang Airport: +603 7846 1833 KLIA Ekspres: +603 2267 8000 Airport Limo/ Taxi: +603 8787 3691 Rapid Transit STAR -LRT: +603 2698 4977 PUTRA-LRT: +603 7625 6999 KTM COMMUTER: +603 2272 2828 KTM: Railway Service: +603 2273 8000 KTM (Booking Ticket): +603 2274 3377 KLIA Express Link: +603 2267 8000 Pudu Sentral: +603 2078 6018 126

Courier / Parcel Services Skynet Express 03 5623 9090 03 5033 3800 City-Link 03 7957 1188 03 7718 3800 DHL 03- 56239090       03 5569 1951 FedEx  03 7784 1233 Skynet Worldwide 03 2615 5555 USEFUL CONTACTS TNT 03 4289 5000 UPS 03 2617 8200 03 8892 5555 Pharmacies Guardian www.guardian.com.my 003, Jalan Bintang, Bukit Bintang, 55100 Kuala Lumpur 03 2144 9230 Watsons Malaysia www.watsons.com.my Lot G034, G08, G035, ground Floor, Sungei Wang Plaza, Jalan Bukit Bintang 03 2141 1096 Caring Pharmacy www.caring2u.com Sungei Wang Plaza, Lot 39, Jalan Sultan Ismail, Bukit Bintang 03 2142 9928 Vitacare Pharmacy Lot C43B/D, Concourse Floor, Suria KLCC 03 2166 2469 AA Pharmacy 30, Persiaran Ara Kiri, Lucky Garden 03 2094 9133 Brickfields Pharmacy 21, Jalan Tun Sambanthan 4, Brickfields 03 2273 9668 Alpro Pharmacy 22, Jalan 2A/27A, Seksyen 1, Wangsa Maju 03 4142 0345 Hospitals Hospital Kuala Lumpur KPJ Ampang Puteri Specialist Hospital Institut Jantung Negara Institut Kanser Negara ** The Information given above is correct at the time of publishing and is subject to change with prior notice. 127

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