20101-2010 งานนิวเมติกส์และไฮดรอลิกส์เบื้องต้น

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8 ≈πÈ‘ §«∫§¡ÿ §«“¡¥—π≈¡Õ—¥  “√–°“√‡√¬’ π√⟠8.1  “√– ”§≠— ª√–®”Àπ૬ 8.2 ≈πÈ‘ ®”°¥— §«“¡¥π— ≈¡Õ¥— 8.3 ≈Èπ‘ ª√—∫§«“¡¥—π≈¡Õ—¥ 8.4 ≈π‘È ≈”¥∫— §«“¡¥π— ≈¡Õ—¥ 8.5 „∫ß“πÀπ«à ¬∑Ë’ 8 º≈°“√‡√¬’ π√ŸÑ∑Ë’§“¥À«ß— 1. Õ∏‘∫“¬ “√– ”§≠— ª√–®”Àπ૬‰¥â 2. Õ∏∫‘ “¬≈‘Èπ®”°—¥§«“¡¥—π≈¡Õ—¥‰¥â 3. Õ∏‘∫“¬≈‘πÈ ª√∫— §«“¡¥—π≈¡Õ¥— ‰¥â 4. Õ∏∫‘ “¬≈È‘π≈”¥—∫§«“¡¥—π≈¡Õ—¥‰¥â 5. ∑¥≈Õß„∫ß“πÀπ૬∑Ë’ 8 ‰¥â 6. ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ¡’°‘®π‘ —¬„π°“√∑”ß“π¥â«¬§«“¡ª√–≥’µ ‡√’¬∫√âÕ¬ ¢¬π— Õ¥∑π Art_ok.indd 109 7/5/2562 10:32:57

102 ß“ππ«‘ ·¡µ°‘  ·å ≈–‰Œ¥√Õ≈°‘  ‡å ∫ÕÈ◊ ßµπâ 8 ≈πÈ‘ §«∫§¡ÿ §«“¡¥π— ≈¡Õ¥— 8.1  “√– ”§—≠ª√–®”Àπ«à ¬ ≈È‘π§«∫§ÿ¡§«“¡¥—π (Pressure Valve À√◊Õ Pressure Control Valve) ¡’Àπâ“∑’˧«∫§ÿ¡ §«“¡¥—π„π«ß®√π‘«·¡µ‘°À√◊Õ§«∫§ÿ¡§«“¡¥—π≈‘È𠵓¡·µà°“√„™âß“π „Àâ«ß®√¡’§«“¡¥—π≈¡Õ—¥§ß∑Ë’ µ“¡µâÕß°“√ À√◊Õ∑”ß“π‰¥âµ“¡°”À𥧫“¡¥π— ≈¡Õ¥— ππÈ— ≈πÈ‘ §«∫§¡ÿ §«“¡¥—π ·∫ßà ‰¥¥â —ßµàÕ‰ªπÈ’ ≈πÈ‘ ®”°¥— §«“¡¥—π·∫∫¡’√√Ÿ –∫“¬ (Pressure Limiting Valve, Adjustable) ≈È‘π≈”¥∫— §«“¡¥—π (Sequence Valve, Adjustable) ≈È‘π≈”¥—∫§«“¡¥π— ·∫∫ 3 ∑“ß (Sequence Valve with Exhaust (3-Way Function), Adjustable) ≈‘Èπª√∫— §«“¡¥—π·∫∫‰¡¡à ’√Ÿ√–∫“¬ (Pressure Regulating Valve or Reducing Valve without Vent Hole, Adjustable) ≈‘πÈ ª√—∫§«“¡¥π— ·∫∫¡’√Ÿ√–∫“¬ (Pressure Regulating Valve with Vent Hole, Adjustable) √Ÿª∑’Ë 8.1  —≠≈—°…≥å≈‘Èπ§«∫§¡ÿ §«“¡¥—π≈¡Õ—¥æ◊Èπ∞“π Art_ok.indd 110 7/5/2562 10:32:58

ß“ππ«‘ ·¡µ°‘  ·å ≈–‰Œ¥√Õ≈°‘  ‡å ∫ÕÈ◊ ßµπâ 103 8.2 ≈‘πÈ ®”°—¥§«“¡¥—π≈¡Õ—¥ (Pressure Limiting Valve)  —≠≈—°…≥å  ≠— ≈—°…≥å ≈È‘π®”°—¥§«“¡¥—π≈¡Õ—¥ ¡’√Ÿ≈¡Õ—¥‡¢â“ 1 √Ÿ √Ÿ≈¡Õ¥— ÕÕ° 1 √Ÿ ‡ªπì ≈È‘π·∫∫ª√—∫‰¥â  °√ªŸ √—∫ Àπâ“∑Ë’ ∑”Àπâ“∑’ˇªìπ≈È‘ππ‘√¿—¬ (Safety Valve) §◊Õ ‡ªìπµ—«®”°—¥§«“¡¥—π„π«ß®√‰¡à„À⇰‘πæ‘°—¥ ∑Ë’µÈß— ‰«â √Ÿª∑’Ë 8.2 ¿“æµ—¥≈‘Èπ®”°—¥§«“¡¥—π °“√∑”ß“π ª°µ‘≈‘Èπ®–ªî¥µ≈Õ¥‡«≈“ À“°§«“¡¥—π 8 ≈¡Õ—¥∑’Ë√Ÿ P  Ÿß‡°‘πæ‘°—¥∑’˵—È߉«â (µÈ—߉¥â¥â«¬  °√Ÿª√—∫) ≈‘Èπ®–√–∫“¬≈¡ÕÕ° àŸ¿“¬πÕ°∑“ß √Ÿ R ®π°√–∑˗ߧ«“¡¥—π≈¡Õ—¥„π«ß®√≈¥≈ß∂÷ß æ‘°—¥∑’µË —ßÈ ‰«â ≈È‘π°®Á –ª¥î ‡Õߥ«â ¬·√ß ª√‘ß≈‘Èπ «ß®√„™ßâ “π ∑Ë’æ∫‡ÀÁπßà“¬∑Ë’ ÿ¥ §◊Õ ≈È‘π§«∫§ÿ¡°“√ ∑”ß“π¢Õߪíö¡≈¡ ‡¡Ë◊Õªíö¡≈¡Õ—¥≈¡‡¢â“∂—ß≈¡®π‡µÁ¡∂÷ß §«“¡¥—πµ“¡æ‘°—¥ ≈È‘π®”°—¥§«“¡¥—π≈¡Õ—¥®– √–∫“¬≈¡ÕÕ° Ÿà¿“¬πÕ° √Ÿª∑’Ë 8.3 «ß®√°“√„™âß“π Art_ok.indd 111 7/5/2562 10:32:58

104 ß“ππ«‘ ·¡µ°‘  ·å ≈–‰Œ¥√Õ≈°‘  ‡å ∫ÕÈ◊ ßµπâ 8.3 ≈Èπ‘ ª√∫— §«“¡¥—π≈¡Õ—¥ (Pressure Regulating Valve)  —≠≈—°…≥å  —≠≈—°…≥å ∫à“≈‘Èπ  ª√‘ß°—π°√–·∑° ≈‘Èπ·ºàπ ≈È‘πª√—∫§«“¡¥—π≈¡Õ—¥ ‡ªìπ≈È‘π·∫∫ ≈¡‡¢â“ ≈¡„™âß“π 3 √ªŸ √—∫‰¥â ‰¥Õ–·ø√¡ √√Ÿ –∫“¬≈¡ Àπ“â ∑’Ë  ª√‘ߪ√—∫ §«“¡¥—π √—°…“§«“¡¥—π≈¡Õ—¥¥â“π„™âß“π„Àâ §ß∑Ë’ ·¡â§«“¡¥—π≈¡Õ—¥®“°∂—ß≈¡®–‰¡à§ß∑’Ë  °√Ÿª√—∫ ·≈–§«“¡¥—π≈¡Õ—¥®“°∂—ß≈¡µâÕß Ÿß°«à“ §«“¡¥—π„™âß“π‡ ¡Õ √Ÿª∑’Ë 8.4 ≈‘Èπª√—∫§«“¡¥—π≈¡Õ—¥·∫∫¡’√√Ÿ –∫“¬≈¡ ≈Èπ‘ ª√—∫§«“¡¥π— ≈¡Õ—¥·∫∫¡’√Ÿ√–∫“¬  —≠≈—°…≥å ≈¡ (Pressure Regulator with Vent Hole) ≈‘Èπª√—∫§«“¡¥—π≈¡Õ—¥·∫∫πÈ’ ‰¥â‡¢’¬π¡“·≈â« ≈‘Èπ·ºàπ Ω“ªî¥  ª√‘ß°—π°√–·∑° „πÀπ«à ¬∑Ë’ 3 ‡√Ë◊Õß™¥ÿ ®“à ¬≈¡ ≈¡‡¢â“ ≈¡„™âß“π ‡¡Ë◊ÕÀ¡ÿπ °√Ÿª√—∫§«“¡¥—π‡¢â“  ª√‘ß ·°π≈‘Èπ ª√—∫§«“¡¥—π®–¥—π„Àâ≈È‘π·ºàπ‡ªî¥ ª≈àÕ¬ ‰¥Õ–·ø√¡  ª√‘ߪ√—∫ ≈¡Õ—¥®“°∑“ß≈¡‡¢â“‰ª∑“ß≈¡„™âß“π æÕ  °√ªŸ √—∫ §«“¡¥—π¥â“π„™âß“π Ÿß¢È÷π ®–¥—π·ºàπ ≈‘Èπ≈Õ¬ ‰¥Õ–·ø√¡≈ß „Àâ≈È‘π·ºàπªî¥ À“°¡’§≈Ë◊π≈¡ ¬âÕπ°≈—∫®“°¥â“π„™âß“π Ÿß ·ºàπ‰¥Õ–·ø√¡ √Ÿª∑’Ë 8.5 ≈‘Èπª√—∫§«“¡¥—π≈¡Õ—¥·∫∫‰¡à¡’√√Ÿ –∫“¬≈¡ ®–∂Ÿ°°¥„Àâ≈ߵ˔‡ªî¥√Ÿ≈‘Èπ≈Õ¬ „Àâ≈¡√–∫“¬ ÕÕ° àŸÕ“°“»¿“¬πÕ° ≈‘Èπª√—∫§«“¡¥—π≈¡Õ—¥·∫∫‰¡à¡’√Ÿ√–∫“¬ ≈¡ (Pressure Regulator without Vent Hole) ≈‘Èπª√—∫§«“¡¥—π≈¡Õ—¥·∫∫π’È ¡’  à«πª√–°Õ∫·≈–À≈°— °“√∑”ß“π ‡™àπ‡¥¬’ «°∫— ≈‘Èπª√—∫§«“¡¥—π≈¡·∫∫¡’√Ÿ√–∫“¬≈¡ ‡æ’¬ß ·µà≈È‘π≈Õ¬‰¡à¡’√Ÿ√–∫“¬≈¡‡∑à“π—Èπ „™âß“π‰¥â ‡À¡◊Õπ°—π Art_ok.indd 112 7/5/2562 10:32:58

ß“ππ«‘ ·¡µ°‘  ·å ≈–‰Œ¥√Õ≈°‘  ‡å ∫ÕÈ◊ ßµπâ 105 8.4 ≈π‘È ≈”¥—∫§«“¡¥π— ≈¡Õ—¥ (Pressure Sequence Valve)  —≠≈—°…≥å √Ÿª∑’Ë 8.6 ≈‘Èπ≈”¥—∫µ”·Àπàߪ°µ‘ µ”·Àπàߪ°µ‘ √Ÿª∑’Ë 8.7 ≈‘Èπ≈”¥—∫µ”·Àπàß∑”ß“π ‡¡Ë◊Õ‰¡à¡’≈¡§«∫§ÿ¡‡¢â“∑“ß√Ÿ Z ≈È‘π≈Ÿ°ªóπªî¥¥â«¬ ª√‘ߪî¥√Ÿ≈¡Õ—¥®“°√Ÿ P ZA ‰¡„à Àâ≈¡Õ¥— ºà“π‡¢“â ≈π‘È PR  à«π≈¡√–∫“¬®“°√Ÿ A ÕÕ°√Ÿ R A ‰¥µâ ≈Õ¥ PR µ”·Àπßà ∑”ß“π √Ÿª∑’Ë 8.8 «ß®√§«∫§¡ÿ °√–∫Õ°≈¡¥â«¬≈‘Èπ≈”¥—∫ ‡¡◊ËÕ¡’≈¡§«∫§ÿ¡‡¢â“∑“ß√Ÿ Z ≈¡ §«∫§ÿ¡®–¥—π·ºàπ‰¥Õ–·ø√¡ „Àâ·°π≈‘Èπ ¥—π≈Èπ‘ ≈°Ÿ ªóπ‡ª¥î ≈¡Õ¥— ºà“π∑“ß√Ÿ P ‰ª√Ÿ A ‰¥â ·µºà “à π‰ª√Ÿ R ‰¡‰à ¥â «ß®√§«∫§ÿ¡°√–∫Õ°≈¡¥â«¬≈π‘È ≈”¥—∫ 8 °â“π Ÿ∫‡§≈Ë◊Õπ∑Ë’ÕÕ°‡¡◊ËÕ°¥≈‘Èπ ∑‘»∑“ß °â“π Ÿ∫∂Õ¬°≈—∫‡¡◊ËÕ§«“¡¥—π¢÷Èπ  Ÿßµ“¡∑µ’Ë Èß—  ª√ß‘ ≈È‘π‰«â ¢âÕ§«√®” ☞ ≈‘Èπ≈”¥—∫Àπà«ß‡«≈“„Àâ™â“À√◊Õ‡√Á«‰¥â ¥â«¬°“√ª√∫—  ª√ß‘ Art_ok.indd 113 7/5/2562 10:32:58

106 ß“ππ«‘ ·¡µ°‘  ·å ≈–‰Œ¥√Õ≈°‘  ‡å ∫ÕÈ◊ ßµπâ „∫ß“πÀπ«à ¬∑’Ë 8 °“√„™â≈È‘πª√—∫§«“¡¥π— ≈¡Õ¥— ≈”¥∫— ∑’Ë 8.1 2 1. ®ß‡¢’¬π™◊ËÕ —≠≈—°…≥æå √âÕ¡§”»—æ∑å 4 ................................................. ................................................. ................................................. 2. °√≥’„™â°√–∫Õ°≈¡·∫∫∑”ß“π 2 ¥â“π ¢π“¥¬“« àß≈È‘π‡¢â“√“߇≈◊ËÕ𠧫√µàÕ≈È‘πª√—∫§«“¡¥—π≈¡Õ—¥‡¢â“ ¥â“π°â“π Ÿ∫  ”À√—∫¥—π≈Ÿ° Ÿ∫°≈—∫ ¥â«¬§«“¡¥π— ≈¡Õ—¥µ”Ë ‡æËÕ◊ ª√–À¬¥— 3 ≈¡Õ¥— ®ß‡¢¬’ π™Õ◊Ë Õªÿ °√≥Ωå °ñ ∑ ’Ë ”§≠— 1 .......................................... 1 2 .......................................... 3 .......................................... .......................................... 4 .......................................... 3. ®ßÕ∏‘∫“¬°“√∑”ß“π 3.1 ≈π‘È ∑‘»∑“ß .......................................... .......................................... .......................................... 3.2 ≈È‘πª√∫— §«“¡¥—π≈¡Õ—¥µË” .......................................... .......................................... 4. ®ß‡¢’¬πª√–‚¬™π°å “√„™ßâ “π ................................................. ................................................. Art_ok.indd 114 7/5/2562 10:32:59

ß“ππ«‘ ·¡µ°‘  ·å ≈–‰Œ¥√Õ≈°‘  ‡å ∫ÕÈ◊ ßµπâ 107 „∫ß“πÀπ૬∑Ë’ 8 °“√§«∫§¡ÿ ¥â«¬≈Èπ‘ ≈”¥∫— §«“¡¥π— ≈¡ ≈”¥—∫∑’Ë 8.2 5. °“√ÕÕ°·∫∫«ß®√ª√–∑∫— ‡∫Õ√™å ‘Èπß“π¥—ß√Ÿª¢“â ß≈à“ß „À°â √–∫Õ°≈¡µ—«·√°ªÑÕπ™È‘πß“π ·≈–¬÷¥™È‘πß“π‰«â·πàπ À≈—ß®“°πÈ—π „Àâ°√–∫Õ°≈¡µ—«∑Ë’ Õߪ√–∑—∫‡∫Õ√å™È‘πß“πµ“¡√Ÿª ·≈–«ß®√µàÕ‰ªπÈ’ ®ß‡¢¬’ π™◊ÕË °√–∫Õ°≈¡ 2.0 1.0 ............................... 1.0 ............................... ............................... 2.0 ............................... ............................... ............................... 8 Art_ok.indd 115 7/5/2562 10:32:59

108 ß“ππ«‘ ·¡µ°‘  ·å ≈–‰Œ¥√Õ≈°‘  ‡å ∫ÕÈ◊ ßµπâ „∫ß“πÀπ«à ¬∑’Ë 8 °“√§«∫§ÿ¡¥«â ¬≈πÈ‘ ≈”¥∫— §«“¡¥—π ≈”¥—∫∑Ë’ 8.3 6. ®ß‡¢’¬π™Ë◊Õ —≠≈—°…≥å·≈–§”»—æ∑å √ªŸ ∫π ........................................................................... ........................................................................... √ªŸ ≈à“ß ........................................................................... ........................................................................... 1 21 7. ®ß‡¢¬’ π™Õ◊Ë Õªÿ °√≥åΩ°ñ ∑ Ë’ ”§—≠ 34 1 ......................................... ......................................... 56 1 2 ......................................... 3 ......................................... 4 ......................................... 5 ......................................... 6 ......................................... 7 ......................................... 8. ®ß‡¢¬’ π§”Õ∏∫‘ “¬°“√∑”ß“π«ß®√π«‘ ·¡µ°‘ µ“¡¢Õâ 5 ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... Art_ok.indd 116 7/5/2562 10:32:59

ß“ππ«‘ ·¡µ°‘  ·å ≈–‰Œ¥√Õ≈°‘  ‡å ∫ÕÈ◊ ßµπâ 109 °®‘ °√√¡∑Ë’ 8 ‡√ËÕ◊ ß ≈‘πÈ §«∫§¡ÿ §«“¡¥—π≈¡Õ¥— 1. ®ß‡¢’¬π™Ë◊Õ à«πª√–°Õ∫≈‘Èπª√—∫§«“¡¥—π ≈¡Õ¥— µ“¡À¡“¬‡≈¢´“â ¬¡◊Õ 1 1 .................................................. 5 7 2 .................................................. 6 3 .................................................. 4 4 .................................................. 3 5 .................................................. 6 .................................................. 7 .................................................. 8 .................................................. 8 2. ®ßÕ∏‘∫“¬°“√∑”ß“π¢Õß≈È‘πª√—∫§«“¡¥—π ≈¡Õ—¥µ“¡¢âÕ 1 2 ......................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................... 8 3. ®ß‡¢’¬π·∫∫≈‘Èπª√—∫§«“¡¥—π≈¡Õ—¥ µ”·Àπàß≈È‘π≈Õ¬‡ªî¥√–∫“¬≈¡Õ—¥‰À≈ ¬â Õ π Õ Õ °  Ÿà ¿ “ ¬ π Õ ° æ √â Õ ¡ ‡ ¢’ ¬ π ™◊Ë Õ  à«πª√–°Õ∫ Art_ok.indd 117 7/5/2562 10:32:59

110 ß“ππ«‘ ·¡µ°‘  ·å ≈–‰Œ¥√Õ≈°‘  ‡å ∫ÕÈ◊ ßµπâ 65 4 12 4. ®ßÕ∏‘∫“¬≈—°…≥– —≠≈—°…≥å≈È‘π ≈”¥∫— §«“¡¥π— ≈¡Õ¥— ‡ªπì ≈π‘È ·∫∫„¥ 73 ............................................... √àÕ߇ªìπ√Ÿ ‡°≈’¬«πÕ° 5. ®ß‡¢’¬π™◊ËÕ à«πª√–°Õ∫≈È‘π≈”¥—∫ §«“¡¥π— ≈¡Õ¥— µ—«¬÷¥ 1 ........................................ 2 ........................................ 3 ........................................ 4 ........................................ 5 ........................................ 6 ........................................ 7 ........................................ 6. ®ß‡¢’¬π≈”¥—∫°“√∑”ß“π≈È‘π≈”¥—∫ §«“¡¥π— ≈¡Õ¥— ............................................... ............................................... ............................................... ............................................... ............................................... ............................................... ............................................... ............................................... 7. „™ßâ “πÕ–‰√‰¥∫â â“ß ............................................... ............................................... Art_ok.indd 118 7/5/2562 10:32:59

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