Unrest and Rebellion Study Guide

10/6/2020 UNREST AND REBELLION So far this year we have studied… • how explorers from different countries came 1 to the Americas in search of wealth and land. • how settlers from those countries established colonies. • how by 1732, there were 13 thriving British colonies. 2 Here’s how we came from being Unrest and 13 British colonies Rebellion Led to our fight for to being where we are today. independence The United States of America 4 3 Let’s start with the Let’s look for events causes of the that caused unrest unrest and and conflict with the rebellion. British. 5 6 1

10/6/2020 Many of those events This map shows caused the colonists areas claimed by England, France, to long for independence. and Spain. The area in this red 7 circle is the problem area we are going to study. French and Indian War [Map]. Activity Center: K12 Inc. Retrieved September 12, 2020 from https://www.learningliftoff.com/4th-5th-grade-history-learning-activity-french-and-indian-war/ 8 2. French and There was tension and Indian War fighting in the Ohio River 9 Valley because both France and England So…why was made claims to that this war called the territory. French and French and Indian War [Map]. Activity Center: K12 Inc. Retrieved September 12, 2020 from Indian war? https://www.learningliftoff.com/4th-5th-grade-history-learning-activity-french-and-indian-war/ Road to Revolution. Timetoast. Retrieved September 12, 2020 from 10 https://www.timetoast.com/timelines/road-to-revolution-426028f8-10b7-45ab-b8bc- 0387b0015788/ So…why was Because many of the it called the American Indian tribes 11 French and made alliances with the Indian war? French during the fighting. The English were fighting against the French and the Indians. Road to Revolution. Timetoast. Retrieved September 12, 2020 from https://www.timetoast.com/timelines/road-to-revolution-426028f8-10b7-45ab-b8bc- 0387b0015788/ 12 2

10/6/2020 The war Primary cause of the lasted from French and Indian War… 1754-1763. England and France both claimed territory in the Ohio River Valley. French and Indian War. (2015) Mountain View Mirror. Retrieved September 12, 2020 from https://mtviewmirror.com/french-and-indian-war/ 14 13 Effects (results) of the The war was very costly to French and Indian England. It left their treasury War… England won and depleted! Guess where they decided to doubled their territory the get money to repay their in North America. war debt????? Land Ceded to Britain as a Result of the French and India War [Map]. Shippenburg University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved September 12, 2020 from http://webspace.ship.edu/hliu/347/06history/frenchwar/image/result-war.jpg 16 15 3. Taxing the Colonies Results of French and Indian War 17 • England doubled their territory in North America. • France ceded much of that land. • The English were in debt because of the war. To repay their debts, England decided to raise money by taxing the colonists. 18 3

10/6/2020 What is taxation? The Sugar Act 1764 Taxation is the a tax on sugar process of collecting money from citizens. Taxation funds government expenses. 19 20 Boston Massacre March 5, 1770 British soldiers were being harassed by a mob in Boston. Several people were shot by the British. There was only one death. It came to be called the “Bloody Massacre” after Paul Revere published an engraving by that title. cooperation The word “massacre” refers to the Revere, Paul (1770) Bloody Massacre [engraving] from drawing by Pelham, violent killing of a large number of Henry (1770). Retrieved 18 Sep 2020 from https://www.thoughtco.com/the- people. So, was this really a boston-massacre-2360637 massacre? 21 22 The Stamp Act 1765 24 \"An Act for granting and Placed tax on every piece of paper they used applying certain Stamp Duties, and other Duties, in the British  Legal documents Colonies and Plantations in  Newspapers America ...\" From Anno Quinto  Magazines Georgii III. Regis, pages 499-  Playing cards 520. 23 [Boston: printed by Richard and Samuel Draper and Green and Russell, 1765] Retrieved14 Sept 2020 from http://www.masshist.org/databas e/viewer.php?pid=2&old=1&mode =nav&ft=Coming%20of%20the%2 0American%20Revolution&item_i d=250 4

10/6/2020 Colonists’ Reaction The colonists were being taxed unfairly. They joined together to form a network to resist the unfair taxation called the Sons of Liberty. This was a major step in the movement toward independence. Lumen Learning. One-Penny Stamps: Modification of work by the United Kingdom. Retrieved 14 Sep 2020 from 26 https://courses.lumenlearning.com/sac-ushistory1/chapter/the-stamp-act-and-the-sons-and-daughters-of-liberty/ 25 Sam Adams Benjamin Flag of Founder of the Sons of Liberty Franklin The Sons of Liberty Designed and published by Sons of Liberty Patriot Benjamin Franklin. • Artists Leader • Shopkeepers • Farmers Duplessis, Joseph S. [1785].Benjamin Franklin Founding • Religious leaders [Painting]. Smithsonian National Portrait Father • Wealthy merchants Gallery. Retrieved 17 Sep 2020 from https://www.flickr.com/photos/mbell1975/31 Franklin, Benjamin. (1754).[Picture of Join, or Die Flag]Retrieved Copley, John S. (c.1772) Samuel Adams [Painting]. 57268047. 17 Sep 2020 from wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Benjamin_Franklin_- Retrieved 17 Sep 2020 from 28 _Join_or_Die.jpg https://archive.schillerinstitute.com/educ/painting/copley_portrai t_of_samuel_adams.html 27 4. Taxing the Colonies, Part 2 The Townshend Acts 29 to provide money to pay for more governors and judges to enforce the tax laws new taxes on paper, paint, lead, glass, and tea NO TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION 30 5

10/6/2020 Colonists’ Reaction Because of the boycott, the British repealed most of the Townshend Acts. Townshend Acts--The colonists were being taxed unfairly. However…They then passed the They joined together to form a network to resist Tea Act. the unfair taxation. They declared a boycott. Which was a tax on What did a boycott mean? tea. It meant they refused to Metro Limited (2014) [Picture of tea crates]. Retrieved 17 Sep 2020 from buy goods from the https://www.metroretro.co.uk/metroretro-items/tea-chests-hire-only/ British. 32 This was another major step in the movement toward independence. 31 The protest that followed in 1773 is known as More than 100 participated in The participants disguised the Boston Tea Party. smashing and dumping 340 themselves so they would The protest was led by the Sons of Liberty under crates of tea that were on three not be recognized. Most leadership of Sam Adams. British ships in Boston Harbor. dressed as American Indians. Participants were called Patriots, because they Kinnison, David. (1773) supported independence from Great Britain. Those Boston Tea Party. Retrieved 19 Sep 2020 from who supported England were called Loyalists. https://www.massmoments. org/moment- Destruction of Tea in Boston Harbor. Retrieved 18 Sep 2020 from details/boston-tea-party- https://nancyaruegg.files.wordpress.com/2016/01/the_boston_tea_party_1773.jpg raider-born.html 33 34 British Reaction It was truly a time of unrest Intolerable Acts 1774 and conflict. Boston Port Act—closed the port of Boston. But the desire for Massachusetts Government Act—limited town meetings. independence was getting Administration of Justice Act—allowed trials in Great Britain. Quartering Act—allowed British to house soldiers in private stronger. homes. 36 35 6

10/6/2020 War Begins It was truly a time of unrest and conflict. 37 38 The War Began First Continental Congress September of 1774 Continued unrest and conflict Representatives of 12 of the colonies met in  Heavy taxes continued. Philadelphia.  Town meetings were limited.  Boston Harbor was closed. Their purpose was to appeal to  Troops were quartered in homes. Britain to repeal the Intolerable Acts. Desire for independence grew stronger than ever. They listed their grievances, or complaints, and sent the document 39 to King George. Carpenter’s Hall Wikipedia (2015). [Picture of Carpenters’ Hall. Retrieved 20 Sep 2020 from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpenters%27_Hall. 40 April 1775 42 “Listen, my children, and you shall hear Of the midnight ride of Paul Revere, Colonists found out that the British troops were going to march to Concord, a nearby settlement. On the eighteenth of April, in Seventy-five; They wanted to seize storehouse of guns and ammunition. Hardly a man is now alive They also wanted to arrest some of the colonial leaders. The Patriots needed to let everybody know that the British were coming, so they Who remembers that famous day and year.” developed a plan. — Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, 1863. Two riders would carry the word by separate routes. Those riders were Paul Revere and Phillip Dawes. Monument near the Old North Church. 41 7

10/6/2020 Lexington and Concord April 1775 He said to his friend, “If the British march Old North Church The villagers were ready and waiting when Cheek, Richard [Photograph of Minute Man Statue]. By land or sea from the town to-night, the British arrived. Retrieved 232 Sep 2020 from Hang a lantern aloft in the belfry arch [Lantern from North Church ]. The patriots had organized a militia, a https://www.nps.gov/mima/learn/historyculture/the- Of the North Church tower as a signal light,– Concord Museum, Concord, military force made of volunteers. minute-man-statue-by-daniel-chester-french.htm One if by land, and two if by sea…— Henry Wadsworth Massachusetts. Retrieved 20 Sep They called their militia “the minutemen,” Longfellow, 1863 2020 from because they could be ready to serve in a http://www.concordcollection.org minute. 43 /Mhomed.aspx?dir=PERMANENT 44 The war began at Lexington at the Old North Second Continental Congress Bridge. Declaration of Independence This bridge was built as a replica of the original bridge. 46 No one knows who fired the first D’Andrea, Dominick. The Shot Heard ‘Round the World. Retrieved shot. 23 Sep 2020 from https://www.revolutionary-war-and- It has been called, “The Shot Heard beyond.com/american-revolution-begins.html ‘Round the World.” 45 Second Continental Congress George Washington May of 1775 They created the They established what was in effect, Continental Army our first national government. under the command of George Washington as 47 commanding general. Stuart, Gilbert (1796) Portrait of George Washington [Painting]. Retrieved 25 Sep 2020 from https://www.americanhistorycentral.com/entries/george- washington/. 48 8

10/6/2020 In 1776, the colonists decided to declare their independence Thomas Jefferson from Great Britain. The document was drafted by a They wanted to establish a government that respected the committee of five men, but it was rights of the people it governed. written mainly by Thomas Jefferson. Declaration of Independence The Declaration stated that when a form of government destroys the Ferris, Leon G. The Writing the Declaration of Independence, 1776 [painting]. Retrieved 24 Sep 2020 from rights of the people it governs, they https://fineartamerica.com/featured/writing-the-declaration-of-independence-1776-leon-gerome- ferris.html have the right to abolish that government. Peale, Rembrandt (1880)Thomas Jefferson [Painting]. Retrieved 24 Sep 2020 from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thomas_Jefferson_by_Rembra ndt_Peale,_1800.jpg 49 50 Trumbull, John (1819) Second Continental Congress [Painting]. Retrieved 23 Sep 2020 from https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless- ushistory/chapter/the-second-continental-congress/ 51 52 Founding Fathers Benjamin George Franklin Washington Leaders in founding the United States Signed the Declaration of Independence 54 Thomas Participated in the American Revolution Jefferson Helped establish the Constitution 9 53

10/6/2020 Studied next unit Fighting the War • John Jay 56 • James Madison • Alexander Hamilton • John Adams 55 Washington’s first move as the commander of the Continental Army The last major battle of the American Revolution was was to stage a successful surprise attack on Christmas night, 1776. fought at Yorktown in October of 1781. Washington led his army across the Delaware The war lasted more River to surprise Hessian troops at Trenton. than five years after the Hessians were German signing of the mercenaries. Declaration of Mercenaries are soldiers paid Independence in July of by a country to fight for them. 1776. The Hessians were Germans in the service of the British. 58 This is a famous painting that commemorates that surprise attack. Leutze, Emanuel G. (1851) Washington Crossing the Delaware [Oil on canvas] New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 1 October 2020 from https://mrschiffres.wordpress.com/. 57 Alexander Hamilton Treaty of Paris of 1783 Founding Father Formally ended the Revolutionary War American statesmen negotiated the peace treaty. Played a key role in John Jay John Adams the battle at Yorktown. Alexander Hamilton, Metropolitan Museum of Art Durand, Asher D. (1834) John Jay Benjamin Franklin Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. 59 Retrieved 3 Oct 2020 from Duplessis, Joseph S. [oil on canvas] Gilbert Stuart, John Adams, 1826, [oil on canvas], https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection Smithsonian American Art Museum. /search/394425 Retrieved 3 Oct from Smithsonian American Art Museum. Retrieved 3 Oct https://npg.si.edu/object/npg_NPG.87.43 2020 from https://americanart.si.edu/artwork/john- 60 adams-23450 10

10/6/2020 Effects of the American United States, 1783. Retrieved 26 Sep 2020 from Establishing our government Revolutionary War .https://www.quora.com/What-were-the-effects- Articles of Confederation of-the-Treaty-of-Paris-of-1783 Recognized American 62 Independence. Great Britain had to remove troops from the colonies. Land from Appalachian Mountains to Mississippi River granted to United States. 61 One of the major outcomes of the The document provided clearly American Revolution was the written rules for how the establishment of government. government would be organized. The document was named “The Articles of Confederation.” It was The document also certified our our first constitution. It was name as “The United States of written in 1781. America.” 63 64 The Articles of Confederation Why a confederation? created an organization A confederation could guard (confederation) of states. Each state retained its freedom and weaker states against a independence. powerful enemy. 65 66 11