Body Systems Flipbook

Body Systems Ronnie Yi Coach Beaty 2B

Table of Contents Integumentary System pg. 3 Musculoskeletal System pg. 5

Integumentary System Assigned Terminology: derm/o, dermat/o - skin kerat/o - refer to cornea or to “horny” tissue xer/o - dry, dryness xanth/o - yellow, yellowish erythr/o - red or red blood cell pedicu/o - lice or louse onych/o - fingernail or toenail myc/o - fungus pil/o - hair lip/o - fat, lipid rhytid/o - wrinkle albin/o - white, deficient pigmentation Function of Integumentary System: Main function is to act as a barrier to protect the body from the outside world. The systems also retain body fluids, protect against disease, eliminate waste products, and to regulate body temperature. 10 Vocabulary/Terminology: mucous membrane - an epithelial tissue that secretes mucus; line and protect the inside of body epithelial tissue - thin tissues that cover all exposed surfaces on body melanin - pigment that gives color to skin and eyes; helps protect skin and eyes from damage from ultraviolet light basal layer - deepest layer of epidermis; constantly growing with younger cells pushing old cells to surface sebum - oily, waxy substance produced by body’s sebaceous glands collagen - fibrous protein found in skin, bone, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments; essential for design of various body tissues gland - groups of cells that secrete a substance out of body perspiration - secretion of fluid by the sweat glands; salty, watery fluid secreted by the sweat glands of the skin; act of perspiring arrector pili - microscopic band of muscle tissue which connects a hair follicle to the dermis nails - accessory organ on the skin made of hard keratin; fingernails cover the dorsal surface of the last bone of each finger and toenails cover the superior surface of each toe

Integumentary System Description of 4 Diseases/Disorders: acne - skin condition when hair follicles become clogged with oil, dead skin cells, and dried sebum; this causes whiteheads, blackheads, or pimples to appear on the skin Athlete’s foot - fungal infection that begins between the toes; commonly occurs in people who have sweaty feet due to tight fitting shoes; symptoms include a scaly rash which causes itching, stinging, and burning sunburn - inflammatory reaction to ultraviolet radiation damage to the epidermis; a type of skin burn resulting from too much exposure from ultraviolet radiation; melanin defends skin against sun’s rays, therefore people with less melanin win prolonged exposure to sun can cause their skin cells to become red, swollen, and painful; skin may peel, which is a sign that body is trying to get rid of the damaged cells herpes - from infection with the herpes simplex virus (HSV); causes sores or blisters to form in or around the mouth or genitals; genital herpes, a common STD, is caused by two types of viruses (HSV-1 and HSV-2); oral herpes caused by HSV-1 can result in cold sores or fever blisters on or around mouth 2 Healthcare Careers: dermatologists - medical practitioner qualified to diagnose and treat skin disorders; specializes in conditions involving the skin, hair, and nails; can identify and treat many conditions such as eczema, psoriasis, and skin cancer plastic surgeons - medical practitioner who performs surgery to reconstruct or repair parts of the body by the transfer of tissue; specializes in reducing scarring or disfigurement that may occur as a result of accidents, birth defects, or treatment for diseases; many plastic surgeons also perform cosmetic surgery which is unrelated to medical conditions

Musculoskeletal System Assigned Terminology: my/o - muscle myel/o - bone marrow or spinal cord oste/o - bone cost/o - rib crani/o - cranium -pexy - fixation, usually surgical chondr/o - cartilage arthr/o - joint -plegia - paralysis, stroke kinesi/o - motion Function of Musculoskeletal System: The main function of the musculoskeletal system is to provide the body with mobility and stability. The muscular system gives the body movement through muscle contracts and the skeletal system supports the body and gives it shape. The skeletal system also helps protect the internal organs, provides attachment surfaces for the muscles, allows body movements, produces blood cells, storing minerals, helps maintain mineral homeostasis, and produce endocrine hormones. 10 Vocabulary/Terminology: sesamoid bones - bones that resemble large sesame seeds, embedded within tendons; facilitate joint movement irregular bones - unusual or complex shape bones that provide support and protection, while allowing flexible movement diaphysis - shaft of a long bone epiphysis - each end of a long bone hematopoiesis - production of blood cells in bone marrow automaticity - ability of muscle to contract without involving nerve supply contractility - ability of skeletal muscle to contract elasticity - ability of skeletal muscle fibers to resume resting length when stretching force is removed excitability - ability of skeletal muscle to receive and respond to nerve impulse by contracting extensibility - ability of skeletal muscles to be stretched

Musculoskeletal System Description of 4 Diseases/Disorders: osteoporosis - bone disease when body loses too much bone, make too little bone, or both; bones become weak and may break from a fall; “porous bone” because looks like a honeycomb under a microscope leukemia - cancer that hinders body’s ability to fight infection, affecting the blood and bone marrow; begins in cell in bone marrow where cell becomes a type of leukemia cell, which then leads to leukemia cells to grow and survive better than normal cells muscular dystrophy - genetic diseases that causes progressive weakness and loss of muscle mass; abnormal genes interfere with production of proteins to form healthy muscle (muscle degeneration), which leads to muscles becoming progressively weaker; commonly begin during childhood polymyositis - group of muscle diseases causing inflammation of muscle; causes muscle weakness affecting both sides of body; commonly affects adults 2 Healthcare Careers: rheumatologist - pediatrician who received more training in musculoskeletal disease and systemic autoimmune conditions affecting the joints, muscles, and bones, which can cause pain, swelling, stiffness, and deformity; devoted to diagnosis and therapy of rheumatic diseases physical therapist - movement experts that help injured or ill people improve their movement and manage their pain; part of preventive care, rehabilitation, and treatment for patients with chronic conditions, illnesses, or injuries; examines each patient and develops a treatment plan to improve their ability to move, reduce/manage pain, restore function, and prevent disability

Worked Cited “Integumentary System.” Science NetLinks, Advancing Science, Serving Society, sciencenetlinks.com/student-teacher-sheets/integumentary-system/. Stanhope, Linda, and Kimberly Turnbull. Introduction to Medical Terminology. Goodheart-Willcox Company, Inc., 2017. Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, www.mayoclinic.org/. “What Is a Dermatologist?” American Academy of Dermatology, www.aad.org/public/fad/what-is-a-derm. NHS Choices, NHS, www.healthcareers.nhs.uk/explore-roles/doctors/roles-doctors/surgery/plastic-surge ry. “What Is a Rheumatologist?” Rheumatology.org, www.rheumatology.org/I-Am-A/Patient-Caregiver/Health-Care-Team/What-is-a-Rhe umatologist. “Physical Therapists : Occupational Outlook Handbook.” U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/mobile/physical-therapists.htm.