Health Science Flipbook

Health Science Flipbook Neha Chelamkuri- Health Science- Pickett 1B

Table of Contents ➔ Page 3- Integumentary System ➔ Page 4- Musculoskeletal System Body Systems ➔ Page 5- Nervous System ➔ Page 6- Special Senses ➔ Page 7- Cardiovascular System ➔ Page 8- Respiratory System ➔ Page 9- Digestive System ➔ Page 10- Urinary System ➔ Page 11- Reproductive System

(Day 1) Integumentary System 1. Key Terms (define) System Research - Function: protection, maintenance of body temp., excretion, perception of stimuli a. derm/o, dermat/o- skin b. kerat/o- hard, horn-shaped - Vocabulary: tissue, cornea - Hair- fibers composed of dead protein cells filled with hard keratin c. xer/o- dry - Nails- cover the dorsal surface of the last bone of the last bone of each finger or superior d. xanth/o- yellow e. erythr/o- red surface of each toe f. pedicul/o- lice - Sweat glands- tiny coiled glands in the dermis g. onych/o- nail - Sebaceous glands- secrete sebum h. myc/o- fungus - Keratin- fibrous, water-repellent protein i. pil/o- hair, hair follicle - Cicatrix- scar left by a healed wound j. lip/o- fat - Nevus- highly pigmented lesion of the skin k. rhytid/o- wrinkle - Ulcer- open sore or erosion of the skin l. albin/o- white - Scleroderma- hardening and shrinking of connective tissue - Gangrene- necrosis of tissue due to loss of blood supply - Diseases/Disorders - Psoriasis- itchy, red skin with silvery patches - Albinism- condition that prevents normal production of melanin causing pale skin & white hair - Scabies- contagious, parasitic infection with intense pruritus - Vitiligo- loss of pigment in one or more areas of skin - Healthcare Careers - Dermatologist- physician who diagnoses and treats conditions/diseases of the skin, hair, and nails - Dermatology technician- specialized medical assistant who works in the skin-care field - Labeled System

(Day 2) Musculoskeletal System 1. Key Terms (define) System Research a. my/o- muscle - Function- supporting the body, allowing motion, protecting vital organs b. myel/o- bone marrow, spinal cord - Vocabulary- c. oste/o- bone d. cost/o- rib - Joint- place in body where two or more bones connect e. crani/o- skull - Hematopoiesis- production of blood cells in bone marrow f. -pexy- surgical fixation - Foramen- passageway for blood vessels and nerves g. chondr/o- cartilage - Fissure- deep, narrow, slit-like opening h. arthr/o- joint - Sinus- hollow cavity within a bone i. -plegia- paralysis - Fascia- band of fibrous tissue that encloses muscle(s) j. kinesi/o- movement - Origin- the attachment site that doesn’t move when muscle contracts - Insertion- the attachment that moves when muscle contracts - Tendon- fibrous tissue connecting muscle to bone - Ligament- fibrous tissue attaching bone to bone - Diseases/Disorders - Arthritis- inflammation of joints - Osteoporosis- small holes in bones, loss of bone density - Atrophy- wasting away or shrinking of muscle size - Tendonitis- inflammation of a tendon - Healthcare Careers - Chiropractors- treat illness and injury of the neuromusculoskeletal system, which includes nerves, muscles, ligaments, and tendons - Certified Fitness Trainer- serves as a leader and instructor in exercise programs and helps people achieve and maintain a healthful lifestyle. - Labeled System

(Day 3) Nervous System 1. Key Terms (define) System Research a. neur/o- nerve - Function- sensory input, integration, and motor output b. encephal/o- brain - Vocabulary- c. myel/o- bone marrow, spinal - Sensory receptors- nerve endings in the sensory organs cord - Stimuli- changes in the external or internal (body) environment d. ambul/o- walk - Effectors- muscles/glands in the body that generate a motor response output e. -esthesia - feeling, sensation - Voluntary movement- produced by skeletal muscle f. mening/o- meninges - Involuntary movement- involuntary muscle/gland movement g. psych/o- mind - Sensory neurons- conduct electrical signals from parts of body to brain and spinal cord h. concuss/o- shaken together, - Motor neurons- receive electrical impulses from brain and spinal cord, communicating to violently agitated parts of body - Central nervous system (CNS)- made up of brain and spinal cord - Peripheral nervous system (PNS)- made up of nerves in brain and spinal cord - Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)- envelops and protects the delicate brain and spinal cord tissues from injury. - Diseases/Disorders - Alzheimer’s disease- form of dementia resulting from atrophy of frontal and occipital lobes of brain - Cerebral aneurysm- abnormal, localized dilation of a blood vessel in the cerebrum - Dementia- progressive mental deterioration caused by organic brain disease - Paralysis- temporary or permanent loss of voluntary movement - Healthcare Careers - Physician anesthesiologist- doctor who administers general anesthesia or an anesthetic to patients before surgery - Neurosurgeon- physician who specializes in treating diseases and conditions of the nervous system - Labeled System

(Day 4) Special Senses System Research 1. Key Terms (define) a. tympan/o- eardrum - Function- involved in the nervous system function of sensory b. ophthalm/o- eye a. irid/o- iris c. -metry- process of measuring input, monitor stimuli or changes in external environment b. -cusis- hearing c. -opia- vision condition - Vocabulary d. ot/o- ear - Conjunctiva- clear, colorless mucous membrane that lines the eyelids - Iris- pigmented muscular layer that surrounds the pupil - Optic nerve- transmits impulses from retina to brain - Lacrimal glands- secrete tears - Tympanic membrane- eardrum - Vestibulocochlear nerve- transmits balance-and-hearing-related nerve impulses to the brain - Mastication- chewing - Deglutition- swallowing - Papillae- small, raised areas that contain taste buds - Gustatory sense- sense of taste - Diseases/Disorders - Cataract- clouding of the lens that results in decreased visual acuity - Glaucoma- intraocular pressure (within eyeball) causes damage to the retina and the optical nerve - Tinnitus- ringing in the ears when n sound is present - Ageusia- absence of gustatory sense (sense of taste) - Healthcare Careers - Optometrist- responsible for performing eye exams and diagnosing any injuries, impairments, or diseases of the eye - Audiologist- specialist who works with hearing, balance, and related disorders - Labeled System

(Day 5) Cardiovascular System 1. Key Terms (define) System Research a. cardi/o- heart - Function- circulate oxygen-rich blood throughout throughout the body b. angi/o- vessel (blood) - Vocabulary c. hem/o, hemat/o- blood d. brady- slow - Apex- lowest part of the exterior of the heart e. tachy- fast - Pericardium- sac surrounding the heart f. thromb/o- clot - Septum- divides the organ into the right and left heart g. -emia- blood condition - Auscultation- using a stethoscope to listen to the heart h. leuk/o- white - Veins- carry oxygen-poor blood to the heart i. erythr/o- red - Arteries- carry oxygenated blood from the heart to organs, tissues, and cells of j. arteri/o- artery body - Pulmonary circulation- blood is pumped from the heart to the lungs and then back to the heart - Systemic circulation- process by which the heart pumps blood to all parts and systems of the body - Systolic pressure- is a measurement of blood pressure while the heart ventricles are contracting - Diastolic pressure- is a measurement of blood pressure between heartbeats - Diseases/Disorders - Aneurysm- balloon like dilation of a blood vessel, usually an artery - Atherosclerosis- plaque buildup in the arteries - Cardiomyopathy- diseases heart muscle - Hypertension- higher-than-normal blood pressure - Healthcare Careers - Cardiologist- physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of heart diseases and conditions - Telemetry nurse- monitors patients’ heart rhythm using sophisticated equipment - Labeled System

(Day 6) Respiratory System 1. Key Terms (define) System Research a. bronch/o- bronchus, bronchial tube - Function- inhaling fresh air, exchanging carbon dioxide for oxygen, and exhaling old b. cyan/o- blue c. laryng/o- larynx, voice box air d. -oxia- oxygen e. oxy- swift, sharp - Vocabulary f. pleur/o- pleura, serous membrane that - Ventilation- process by which air moves in and out of the lungs enfolds the lungs - Respiration- process of gas exchange g. pneum/o- lung, air - Inspiration- breathing in h. pulmon/o- lung - Expiration- breathing out i. thorac/o- chest - Vocal cords- mucous membranes that move and produce sound j. trache/o- trachea, windpipe - Bronchi- major air passages that branch off from the trachea into the five lobes of the lungs - Glottis- space between the vocal cords - Diaphragm- a dome-shaped structure between the thoracic and abdominal cavities - Sternum- breastbone - Thoracic cage- rib cage - Diseases/Disorders - Hyperventilation- Condition in which breathing is faster and deeper than normal - Bronchitis- inflammation of the mucous membranes of the bronchial tubes - Cyanosis- bluish tint to skin due to lack of oxygen circulation - Pneumothorax- collection of air or gas in the pleural space - Healthcare Careers - Respiratory therapist- cares for patients who suffer from health conditions and diseases that affect their breathing - Thoracic surgeon- medical doctor who performs surgical procedures on organs in the chest - Labeled System

(Day 7) Digestive System System Research 1. Key Terms (define) - Function- ingestion, digestion, absorption, elimination - Vocabulary a. cholecyst/o- gallbladder b. enter/o- intestines (usually the small - Uvula- finger-like projection of tissue that hangs from the soft palate intestine) c. col/o, colon/o- large intestine - Labia- lips that protect anterior opening of mouth d. hepat/o- liver - Tongue- muscular organ attached to floor of mouth e. gastr/o- stomach - Taste receptors- enable you to perceive the different tastes in the f. or/o- mouth g. -pepsia- digestion foods you eat h. chol/e- gall, bile - Dentin- bone-like material i. proct/o- rectum, anus - Pulp- blood vessels and nerve tissue - Gingiva- gums (soft tissue that surrounds and supports teeth) - Deglutition- swallowing - Cardiac sphincter- controls the flow of substances between the esophagus and the stomach - Bile- fluid that aids in the digestion of fatty foods - Diseases/Disorders - Appendicitis- inflammation of the appendix - Cirrhosis- scarring of the liver due to alcohol, drugs, or a virus such as hepatitis - Hernia- protrusion of an organ or structure through the muscle that normally contains it - Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)- diarrhea, bloating, cramping, and constipation associated with stress and tension - Healthcare Careers - Gastroenterologist- physician who specializes in diseases and conditions of the digestive system - Dentist- specializes in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of conditions and diseases of the mouth and gums - Labeled System

(Day 8) Urinary System System Research 1. Key Terms (define) - Function- filtration, waste storage and excretion, hormone production, and a. -cele- hernia, swelling, protrusion homeostasis maintenance b. -lysis- breakdown, separation, loosening c. cyst/o- cyst, fluid sac, bladder - Vocabulary d. nephr/o- kidney e. ren/o- kidney - Urinary tract- body’s plumbing system f. -uria- urination, condition of urine - Electrolytes- minerals that become ions when dissolved in water g. -pexy- surgical fixation - Adipose- fat h. -ectasis- dilation, expansion - Nephron- functional unit of the kidney i. pyel/o- renal pelvis - Glomerulus- cluster of capillaries that allow water, salt, sugar, and urea to leave the bloodstream - Urea- waste product of proteins broken down by the liver, to leave the bloodstream - Renal medulla- inner region of the kidney - Renal calyces- cup-like cavities that collect urine - Peristalsis- involuntary movement of substances through a series of contractions - Trigone- bladder neck - Diseases/Disorders - Cystitis- inflammation of the bladder - Diabetes- condition characterized by excessive amounts of urine - Nephrolithiasis- renal calculi, kidney stones - Renal failure- kidney disease or damage results in impaired filtration of waste products from the blood - Healthcare Careers - Dialysis technician- operates machines that remove metabolic waste products and excess fluids from the blood of patients whose kidneys are not functioning properly - Urologist- physician who specializes in diseases of the urinary system and the male’s reproductive tract - Labeled System

(Day 9) Reproductive System 1. Key Terms (define) System Research - Function- produce egg and sperm cells, transport and sustain these cells, and nurture a. cervic/o- neck, cervix developing offspring b. salping/o- Eustachian tube, fallopian tube - Vocabulary c. ov/o- ovum (egg) d. orchid/o- testis, testicle - Conception- fertilization of ovum by sperm e. oophor/o- ovary - Gametes- sex cells f. men/o- menses, menstruation - Zygote- fertilized ovum g. mamm/o- breast - Spermatogenesis- sperm development h. gynec/o- female, woman - Testes- male gonads that produce gametes i. colp/o- vagina - Ovulation- ovum is released from one of the ovaries and enters the fallopian tubes - Menstruation- monthly shedding of innermost layers of uterus j. prostat/o- prostate gland - Gestation- period of human development and growth - Cervix- lower portion of uterus - Pregnancy- embryo or fetus continues to develop - Diseases/Disorders - Erectile dysfunction (ED)- inability of a male to maintain penile erection, impotence - Testicular cancer- cancer involving one or both testes (men 15-40) - Cystocele- hernia of the bladder that protrudes through the vaginal wall - Ovarian cancer- cancerous tumor of the ovaries, asymptomatic in early stages - Healthcare Careers - Oncologist- is a physician who specializes in patients who have been diagnosed with cancer - Obstetrician/gynecologist- medical specialist who provides healthcare for a woman during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postnatal period and focuses on the care of the female reproductive organs and the treatment of associated disorders - Labeled System