Talha and al-Zubayr R.A were among the six of the Council appointed by Umar R.A to be Shia Caliphaism. They were also among the ten persons whom the ,Prophet S.A.W Muhammad S.A.W declared would go to Paradise. They were very close Companions and related to him as well Awam R.A was the maternal cousin of the Caliph Ali b. Abi Talib.R.A They went there because there they found some support for their cause. Ostensibly, they were avenging \"Uthman R.A, but the fact was that Talha and al-Zubayr R.A wished to share the rule with Ali R.A \"Aisha R.A was not in reAli R.Aty avenging Uthman R.A R.A, but avenging herself because her action had been misinterpreted and her honour called into question by Ali R.A R.A when ,Prophet S.A.W Muhammad S.A.W SAW was Ali R.Ave(6). Both parties asked 'Abdallah b. Umar R.A R.A to join them for different reasons. The first party -A'isha, Talha and al-Zubayr RA, (7) asking Ibn \"Umar R.A to join them to seek the people's support because he was a popular person throughout the community. The CaliphAll b. Abi TAli R.Ab R.A (8) asked Umar R.A R.A to join him because he was alarmed of those in Medina. who remained entirely neutral. They were the Companions, the Muhajirun. But Umar R.A R.A refused to give his support to any one faction. Abdallah b. Umar R.A then left for Mecca out from the atmosphere of sedition prevailing at Medina to save himself and his religious principles from such a terrible environment. Like Umar R.A R.A, some of the Companions who had remained in Medina, apart from those who had adopted an attitude of political neutrAli R.Aty, went to Mecca. Thus, the situation throughout the whole Muslim Empire had a troubled and disturbing effect on the lives of the people. Ibn Umar R.A was spending his life at that time, as usual, giving sermons in the mosque in Mecca, or in the mosque of Medina. Abl Sufyan, R.A who was the Governor of Syria. 'Abdallah b. 'Umar R.A R.A did not join in the civil war which broke out, neither in the ranks of the ShiCaliphaism, Ali R.A b. Abl Talib,R.A nor in those of his opponent, Muawiya in his opinion, such wars were illegal because both parties were Muslims and he said: \"I have engaged in wars, as long as they were for God (or in the path of God), but you are fighting Just to kill each other and this is sedition. I will not fight any Muslim, following the ,Prophet S.A.W's tradition\"• Abdallah b. Umar R.A believed that such wars were seditions and would bring about a division in the Islamic community. For this reason, he did not wish to join even the ShiCaliphaism, 'All b. Abl Talb. R.A Some authors mentioned that Ibn Umar R.Awas later regretful because he did not fight along with Caliph'A1I R.A. (12).
Abdallah b. Umar R.A then was a person of high principles who did not want to join in the civil wars to fight against other Muslims. In his opinion, in Islam, civil wars were seditious and subsequent happenings proved him correct, for the Muslim community was divided into many parties, instead of Muslim unity being preserved. After nearly twenty years, Ibn Umar R.Areturned to his favourite life with the military. During the reign of Muawiya R.A he set out with the Muslim army to conquer Constantinople. The army attacked Byzantine 9Roman) cities and besieged Constantinople. In that campaign were Ibn Umar R.A, Ibn 'Abbas R.A and some other Companions, such as Abu Ayyib al-AnsariR.A. Some authors mentioned that, during Mu'awiya's R.A reign, Abdallah b. Umar R.Awent on another campaign to Samarqand, umder the command of Said b. Uthman R.A In campaign, Utham b. al-Abbas R.A was killed and buried in Samarqand. This expedition took place in 675(4). Abdallah b. Umar R.A's (R.A) military life ended after this campaign The Third Fitna was a series of civil wars and uprisings against the Umayyad Caliphate beginning with the overthrow of Caliph al-Walid II in 744 and ending with the victory of Marwan II over the various rebels and rivals for the caliphate in 747. However, Umayyad authority under Marwan II was never fully restored, and the civil war flowed into the Abbasid Revolution (746–750) which culminated in the overthrow of the Umayyads and the establishment of the Abbasid Caliphate in 749/50. Hazrat Zainab Bint Ali R.A is a most shining pearl. Her name was Zainab R.A. She was the daughter of Hazrat Ali R.A. Her mother was Hazrat Fatima R.A the princess of all women. Her maternal grandfather was the Prophet Muhammad SAW and her maternal grandmother was the first woman of Islam, Hazrat Khadijah R.A. Some of her titles are: Shareeka tul Hussain, Namoosul Kubra, Naibul Zahra.R.A At the birth of Hazrat Zainab R.A The Prophet Muhammad SAW was out of city and he SAW came back after three days from her birth. He SAW went to the house of Hazrat Fatima R.A at his arrival in the city, he took Hazrat Zainab R.A and cried then chewed a date and put his saliva in the mouth of child. After that he SAW suggested her name Zainab and said she resembles
with Khadijah.R.A After six years this little girl lost her beloved maternal grandfather and after a very little time she lost her mother as well. She got married with Hazrat Abdullah bin Jaffar R.A who was brought up by Holy Prophet SAW after death of his father. Hazrat Zainab R.A had a graceful married life. She would do her house chores by herself even in the presence of maids at home. Hazrat Abdullah R.A used to say Zainab R.A is a noble house wife. Hazrat Abdullah R.A was a rich and pious man. The abundance of wealth at her husband’s house did not affect her manners and she spent her life simply with patience and contentment. Hazrat Zainab R.A stayed in Kufa during the caliphate of Hazrat Ali R.A. The women of Kufa came to her for getting knowledge of Islam and she delivered it to them with honesty. She R.A stayed in Kufa till the incident of her father’s death. Zaynab R.A is mentioned a few times in the accounts of Ali R.A's caliphate as a devoted and beloved daughter. Moreover, it is reported that Ali R.A taught her a devotional poem that she often recited, and that she herself taught Quran interpretation to women in her house in Kufah. It is thus likely that she was trained by her father (who is considered the most learned of sages), and that she herself played a teaching role among the women of the early Muslim community. After Ali R.A's death, his son Hasan R.A stepped down from the caliphate and Muawiya R.A became the first Umayyad caliph. Hasan R.A returned to Medina. There are reports of Zaynab R.A's caring attendance on Hasan R.A during his last few days. Hasan R.A was followed as head of the Prophet SAW's family by his brother Hussain R.A. In 680, Muawiya R.A died, having appointed his son Yazid to the caliphate. At that time—according to some sources, after consulting with Zaynab R.A—Hussain R.A refused to pledge allegiance to Yazid, and set off with his family and supporters for Mecca and then Kufah to meet up with his Kufan supporters and overthrow Yazid. Some of Hussain R.A's well-wishers tried to dissuade him from going, and these included Zaynab R.A's husband Abd Allah ibn Uthman R,A, but when Hussain R.A remained adamant, Abd Allah RA sent Zaynab R.A and his two sons Awn b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Jaʿfar R.A known as ʿAwn al- Akbar and Muhammad with him (there is conflicting evidence regarding whether this Muhammad was Abd Allah's son from Zaynab R.A or another wife). En route to Kufah, Hussain R.A's entourage was stopped at Karbala and surrounded by a military unit sent by the Umayyad governor of Kufah, Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad. On 10 Muharram 61 (680), after three days without food or water in the scorching desert, Hussain R.A, his supporters, all but one of the
men from his family, and many of the male children were killed. They were reported to be seventy-two in number, including the family members, who numbered eighteen. Awn and Muhammad RA were among those killed, according to some reports, encouraged by their mother to fight in defense of their uncle. Zaynab R.A was then fifty-four years old. Upon reaching Kufah, Zaynab R.A, with the other women, remained in Yazid's prison for a time; the sources do not specify the number of days or months. Zaynab R.A and her family were eventually released and escorted back to Medina. After her return to Medina, little is known of her in the year and a half before her death, except through much later, conflicting reports. Zaynab R.A is best remembered for her role in Karbala. She is portrayed in these variously as an object of pity, a compassionate saint, and a powerful intercessor. On a somewhat more militant note, she was used in pre-revolution Iran as a model for inspiring political opposition among women—in the Iranian revolution of 1979, female commandos came to be known as \"the commandos of her holiness Zaynab R.A\" (Komando-haye Hazrat-e Zaynab R.A). Zaynab R.A is known by several titles. She is called Zaynab R.A al-Kubra (the senior Zaynab R.A) to distinguish her from Zaynab R.A al-Sughra (the junior Zaynab R.A, the name of her full sister, Umm Kulthum,R,A and also perhaps of another half-sister). Zaynab R.A is called al-Aqila (literally, \"secluded one,\" or \"pearl,\" perhaps connected to a suggested etymology of her name: zayn + ab, \"adornment of father\"), as well as Thani-ye Zahra (the second Fatimah ZahraR.A). In Egypt she is known by a number of names like \"mother\" epithets (Umm Hashim, mother of the Prophet SAW's family; Umm al-awajiz mother of the weak; Umm al-masakin, mother of the poor; Umm al-yatama, mother of the orphans; and Umm Mi?r, mother of Egypt). She is also known simply as al- Sayyida (the Lady), a fitting title for a woman who came to be considered a role model for Muslim women, typifying courage, fortitude, leadership, eloquence, devotion, and faith.
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