Lauderdale County - April 2018

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This Page Brought To You By:The earth is made of • Earthquakes usually earth move very suddenly. The largest earthquake ever layers of different happen along transform • This is an earthquake. recorded is called the Valdivia materials. The top boundaries. These are • The hypocenter is the Earthquake. It happened layer that we live areas where two plates in Bio-Bio, Chile, in 1960.on is called the crust. It is a thin slide past each other. place where the earthquake Earthquakes are measuredlayer of rock that floats on a thick starts underground. on a scale of 0-10 called thelayer of magma. Magma is semi- • These areas are also called • The epicenter is the Richter scale. This was a 9.5.molten rock. Lava is magma that faults. location on the surface The earthquake caused a lot ofreaches the surface. The above the hypocenter. damage to buildings, but thecrust floats on the magma, which • Tectonic plates usually • Earthquakes can have tsunami it caused was evenallows it to shift and move as the only move 6 inches a three stages: foreshocks, more deadly. Tsunamis areearth rotates. year. the mainshock and giant and dangerous waves that The crust is not one solid aftershocks. often follow large earthquakespiece. It is broken up into large • Sometimes the plates can • Earthquakes are recorded that occur near the ocean. Theypieces called tectonic plates. get stuck against each and measured by ≠. can spread across the ocean forThere are seven major plates other and then massive • The size of an earthquake thousands of miles.and eight minor plates. Some pressure builds up. is measured by magnitudeare so large that they hold entire and intensity.continents. • When the plates finally Really interesting things move, they release all thathappen where these plates meet. built up pressure at once,A lot of pressure can build up and millions of tons ofbetween plates that can causethings like mountains, volcanoes LAVAand earthquakes. CRUSTMAGMA THE CORUF SMTAISNMY APLDAETEUSP earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/kids/eqscience. geology.com/records/largest-earthquake/ earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/browse/largest-world.php php Vectors altered, but original vectors © Vecteezy.com4 Kidsville News! www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals April 2018

Where in the World Is... • The capital is Santiago. • Santiago has a population of 5Chile is a country on the western coast of Image © photo credit: Francisco Osorio on flickrSouth America. Chile has been inhabited million.for 10,000 years. In early history, three • Chile is very long and very thin. Itdifferent major groups of indigenous tribeslived in the area. The Araucanians were a covers 291,932 miles.hunter-gatherer society. The Patagonians • It is 2,700 miles long.were nomadic tribes that survived by • It has 4,000 miles of coastline,hunting and fishing. There were also pre-Incans that lived in the north and developed thanks to the many fjords.handicrafts. Between 1460 and 1491, • At its widest, it is 217 miles across.the Incan Empire spread into northernChile. The very first European to come to At its narrowest, it is only 9.6Chile was Ferdinand Magellan, in 1520. miles across, but the average is 110However, the explorer did not find the gold miles.he was looking for and returned to Peru. • The population is 17,216,945.The Spanish didn’t return until Pedro de • The language is Spanish.Valdiva later came in 1541 to colonize the • The money is the Chilean peso.area. He saw that the soil was perfect for • The Andes Mountains formagriculture. Chile was ruled by the Spanish its border with Argentina anduntil 1810, when they declared their dominate most of the country.independence. However, the Europeans • There are active volcanoes in theleft a deep mark on the country. Today, 95 Andes.percent of Chileans have European heritage. • The highest mountain, which is also a volcano, is called Nevado https://www.britannica.com/place/Chile Ojos de Salado. It is 22,572 feet https://www.kids-world-travel-guide.com/chile-facts.html high.kids.nationalgeographic.com/explore/countries/chile/#chile-moai-statues.jpg • The Andes are also home to the highest lake, called Ojos de Salado. • The northern part of Chile has a large dry desert called the Atacama Desert. It is the driest in the world. • There are 3,000 volcanoes in Chile; 36 are active. • Easter Island is part of Chile. Atacama Desert, Chile Vector Images © Vecteezy.com Lauderdale County’s Send It Hey Kids! Truman again. I wantFun family Newspaper YOUR ORIGINAL ART WORK, LETTERS & POEMS! We may print 219 W. Tennessee St. Florence, AL 35630 them in a later issue or use them on our website! Just have your 256-764-4268 parents fill out this form and send it with your work to: EDITOR & PUBLISHER Kidsville News! • 219 W. Tennessee St. • Florence, AL 35630Thomas V. Magazzu [email protected] KIDSVILLE COORDINATORAndrea L. Gray [email protected] GRAPHIC DESIGNERSRussell Roden Jim Allen Gwyn JonesADVERTISING EXECUTIVES Name Age Judy Cox Sadonna MagazzuADDITIONAL CONTRIBUTORSDr. David R. Curott Lee FreemanBilly Warren Patricia J. Weaver Address City KIDSVILLE NEWS! PRODUCED BY Merrigold Publications State Zip School NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, School Library MERRIGOLD PUBLICATIONS Other? Bill Bowman bbowmanupandcomingweekly.com NATIONAL EDITOR Where did you get your copy of Kidsville News!? Stephanie Crider [email protected] Your Signature (This is my own work) ILLUSTRATOR Send your drawing in color and on UNLINED PAPER Cover & Truman - Dan Nelson Parent’s or Guardian’s Signature (Permission) KIDSVILLENEWS LITERACY & EDUCATION FOUNDATION CAN NOT PRINT WITHOUT THIS SIGNATURE www.kidsvillenewsfoundation.com www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals Kidsville News! 5 [email protected] ©Copyright 2018 Merrigold Publications, All Rights Reserved. Truman is a service mark of Kidsville News! Inc., and the Kidsville News! logo is a registered trademark of Kidsville News! Inc. No part of this issue of Kidsville News! may be reproduced in whole or in part in any form without permission of the publisher or the copyright holder. Neither participating advertisers nor the publishers will be responsible or liable for misinformation, misprints, or typographical errors. The publishers reserve the right to edit any submitted material. Kidsville News! Inc. is not responsible for unsolicited manuscripts, artwork, or other material. Children’s submissions should include name, address, telephone number, and permission to publish signed by a parent or guardian. Product Printed by The Tennessean, Nashville, TNApril 2018

Proud Sponsorof This Page Kingdom: Animalia Family: Theraphosidae Phylum: Arthropoda Genus: Grammostola Subphylum: Chelicerata Species: G. rosea Class: Arachnida Order: Araneae Infrorder: Mygalomorphae The Chilean rose tarantula is native to South American also a self-defense system. These tarantulas are covered countries Chile, Bolivia and Argentina. However, they in urticating, or irritating, bristles that look like hair. are now found all over the world because they are one of Whenever it feels threatened, the tarantula uses its legs the most common species of tarantula sold in pet stores. to flick the hair-like barbs onto predators. The barbs are These make good pets because they are shy and docile. irritating, itchy and difficult to remove. These barbs can The tarantulas have dark brown to black bodies. They be dangerous if they are inhaled because they can cause get their name from the orangey-pink hair that covers it. the nose and throat to swell. Tarantulas mostly use their This hair does more than look beautiful, however. It is venom for hunting. Tarantulas have an exoskeleton. Lobsters, • It is also known as the wandering spiders; they use crabs and insects all have exoskeletons. Chilean red-haired their excellent eye sight to Instead of bones within their bodies, they tarantula, rose hair hunt. have a hard outer layer that protects them tarantula and the Chilean • In the wild, their diet and provides structure. The downside fire tarantula. They grow consists of small lizards, to this system is that the hard outer shell to around 5 inches long. young snakes, small makes it difficult to grow. When a tarantula mammals, grasshoppers, gets too big for its exoskeleton, it molts. It • Females can live up to 20 beetles and other spiders.The Chilean sheds this outer layer and grows a new one. years. • They use their silk to Right after a molt, its skin is very soft and protect their eggs and delicate, making it • Males have much shorter burrows. vulnerable in the life spans. They live 5-7 • They commonly live in wild. years. desert and scrub areas.TarantulaRose • They are nocturnal. • They are carnivores. • They do not spin webs and wait to trap prey. • Instead, they are calledwww.oaklandzoo.org/animal/chilean-rose-tarantula www.blackpoolzoo.org.uk/animals/chilean-rose-tarantula www.saginawzoo.com/192 Around the • 90 percent of all volcanoes Volcanoes are also most commonly and reveal the magma underneath. are located around found near tectonic boundaries, where The largest recorded volcanic WORLD the Pacific Plate. This is two tectonic plates meet. The two called the Ring of Fire. types of boundaries most likely to eruption happened on April 10, 1815. • Volcano comes from have volcanic activity are convergent Mount Tambora, located in what is now the Roman name for the and divergent boundaries. Convergent Indonesia, erupted. When it exploded, god of fire, “Vulcan.” boundaries are where two plates are it released 38 cubic miles of melted • Volcanoes come in all shapes and pushing together. Two things can happen rock and ash into the air and onto the sizes. They also have many kinds here. Often these boundaries have island. The explosion was so large thatFun Facts of eruptions. subduction zones. This is where one plate it affected the weather of the entire • Some volcanoes, like Mount St. is pushed under another plate and melts planet. The explosion threw ash into theabout Volcanoes Helens in Washington state, sit into the mantle below. The friction of atmosphere the blocked out the sun andfrom Around quiet for thousands of years and the two plates rubbing together creates killed crops in the Northern Hemisphere. then have one huge, destructive magma, which reaches the surface and 1816 was known as the “Year withoutthe World eruption before going dormant forms a volcano. Divergent boundaries Summer.” Some nearby villages were are where two tectonic plates pull apart found buried in 10 feet of volcanic ash. again. • Some volcanoes continuously release smaller amounts of Dates to remember in April: magma for years. April 1 is April Fools’ Passover runs from March • Volcanoes are classified as active, Day. It is a time for playing 31 through April 7. It is a Jewish dormant or extinct. jokes and tricks on friends celebration that commemorates their • 1,900 volcanoes on earth are and family. No one knows liberation from Egypt and their freedom considered active. for sure when April Fools’ as a people under Moses’ rule. Day started, although someInside the active Mount people believe it dates back Earth Day fallsMerapi on Indonesia to the Roman Empire. on April 22. It is a Easter falls on April 1 this year, day to celebrate theImage © of Jimmy McIntyre on flickr too. Easter is a Christian holiday that earth and promote celebrates the resurrection of Jesus Christ. ways to protect theowlcation.com/stem/How-Does-a-Volcano-Form environment. kids.nationalgeographic.com/explore/science/volcano/#volcano-explode.jpgearthsky.org/earth/this-date-in-science-largest-volcanic-eruption-in-recorded-history6 Kidsville News! www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals April 2018

Local History Written by Billy Warren became a member of the Board of Trustees of the National Council on Crime and Delinquency and addressed this organization in 1960 through Did You Know? a presentation entitled “A Business Man’s Interest in Correction.” So, you see, one person can make a positive difference in the world. Dr. E.B. Norton and Mr. and Mrs. Jewett T. Flagg are proof of thisOne Person Can Make A Difference statement. SOMETHING TO DO:Have you ever heard your parents or grandparents – or your 1. Using a reference source, write a brief definition of these terms:teacher – say that one person can make a difference in his or her a. Belovedworld? Well, it really is true! If a person sees a need for somethinggood to happen within the family, school or community, he or b. Textile millshe can often find ways to bring it about.This month, we wish to focus a spotlight on two fine local c. Annexgentlemen whose concern for their fellowhuman beings caused them to take positive d. Victimactions that continue even today to improvethe lives of people near and far. e. OffenderThe first is Dr. E.B. (Ethelbert Brinkley) 2. Ask an adult to take you to Mitchell-Norton who was the beloved president ofFlorence State Teachers College – now the Hollingsworth Annex in Florence. UseUniversity of North Alabama – from 1948 a camera or cellphone to take a pictureto 1972. Dr. Norton started his career as of the words “Flagg Circle” on the streeta teacher of science and mathematics in sign. Then share the picture with yourCovington County, Alabama. He then Dr. E.B. (Ethelbert Brinkley) Jewett T. Flagg classmates.became a school principal and, later, the Norton.Superintendent of Education in the same 3. Write a paragraph that explains whatcounty. From there, he was chosen to be the Superintendent of you hope to do to make a difference in your school or community.Education for the entire State of Alabama, followed closely byhis appointment to the position of Commissioner of Educationin Washington, D.C.Because of his outstanding work as an educator, Dr. Nortonwas chosen to be a member of a team of 27 adults to go to Japan Natural Gas Safetyfollowing World War II. Known as the American Educational First for KidsMission, the team’s goal was to assist Japanese officials with thetotal reorganization of Japan’s educational system. And, as you SMELL, LEAVE & TELLmight suspect, the team was very successful! Now the spotlight shifts to Mr. Jewett T. Flagg who opened hisbusiness known as J.T. Flagg Knitting Company in 1927. Located IF YOU SMELL GAS:in east Florence, this important textile mill employed literallyhundreds of people during its years of existence. Consequently, A bad odor is added to natural gas so you can smell if it’s leaking. It smells like a skunk or rotten eggs.the lives of countless mothers, fathers and their families were LEAVE THE HOUSE:greatly improved because of this huge operation. Mr. Flagg’s support of the community did not stop with the If you smell gas, tell an adult! If no adult is around, leave and take everyone with you. DON’T turn on the lights or use the phone.employment of men and women. He also donated significant DON’T use a flashlight or match.sums of money to various charities each year and was a leader inefforts to improve the quality of life in the Shoals. For example, TELL AN ADULT:in 1952 he and his wife, Charlotte, celebrated the 25th year of J.T.Flagg Knitting Company by donating $25,000 ($1,000 for each Go to neighbors that you know, and tell them to report the gas leak to the gas company.year that the company had existed) toward the establishment NATURAL GAS SAFETY TIPSof Mitchell-Hollingsworth Nursing Home as an annex to Never try to find a gas leak yourself. Call yourEliza Coffee Memorial Hospital. It was the first nursing home gas company for service at 256-764-4456.in Alabama to be owned and operated by a general hospital.City officials decided to name the street in front of Mitchell- Don’t hang things from gas pipes.Hollingsworth Flagg Circle in honor of Mr. and Mrs. Flagg’s Never swing from pipes or play with flexible gas Florence Utilitiesgenerous gift. pipes leading to water heaters or ranges. Jewett Flagg had a special interest in the prevention of crimes In the event of an emergency, please call:and in the treatment of both victims of crimes and their offenders. Florence Gas Department • 256-764-4456Because of his interest, he became involved in programs andorganizations whose goals were similar to his. Eventually, heApril 2018 www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals Kidsville News! 7

Knowledge Power Submitted By Patricia J. Weaver It’s Vacation Time, Where Should We Go? 1. I’m an island in the North Atlantic. In fact, I’m the third largest island in Europe. Here are some of my cities you might visit… Cork, Limerick, Waterford. What county am I? A. England B. Scotland C. Ireland D. SpainDo you know why... 2. We’re going to travel down the entire Nile River. Starting where it begins, we will travel 4,258 miles toGuessing With Your Gut where it empties into the Mediterranean Sea. What continent are we visiting? Never change your first A. Africa B. South America C. Europe D. Asiaguess on a multiple-choice question 3. We’re going to visit a country that has 6-time zones. when you check It has the world’s second largest oil reserve. The over your national symbols are a maple leaf and a beaver. What country are we visiting? answers. The A. Russia B. Austria C. Brazil D. Canada first guess is always the 4. Put on your coat, we’re going to Antarctica. Below are four animals, one doesn’t belong. Which animal best one. would you NOT find in Antarctica? A. Polar Bear B. Penguin C. Seal D. Whale 5. We need a boat to get to our next destination. It’s a state not a country. Which island group are we visiting? A. Fiji B. Hawaii C. Japan D. PhilippinesJoel Thomas 6. When we visit this country, we will see the world’sMcCutcheon & Hamner, Attorneys largest dam and a giant panda in the wild. We will also eat with chopsticks. Where are we? A. Japan B. India C. China D. Iran SERIOUS INJURY, SERIOUS REPRESENTATION Answers on page 23 2210 Helton Drive, Florence 256-764-0112 Free initial consultation •  No fee unless we collect for you.“No representation is made that the quality of the legal services to be performed is greater than the quality of legal services performed by other lawyers.”8 Kidsville News! www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals April 2018

This Page Brought To You By AL #15059|53092 What’s the Difference? CROSSWORD PUZZLE There are 8 things that are different in these two pictures.Di erences: 1) Hearts Missing 2) Land On Earth Color 3) Girl’s Hair Color Di erent 4) Boy’s Shirt Colors5) Boy’s Shoes Colors 6) Background Colors 7) Colors of Girl’s Shoes & Clothes 8) Shadow the kids are standing on missing Answers on Page 23April 2018 www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals Kidsville News! 9

The Incans were a people that lived how the system of knots worked. in South America dating back to Incan the 12th century. At its height in • The Incans were known for quipu the 15th century, the Incan empire keeping detailed census and stretched from northern Ecuador accounting records. to central Chile and had 12 million • A typical quipu was made of inhabitants and 100 different ethnic a wooden bar with colored groups. They were a remarkable strings hanging from it. and advanced civilization. They • The strings were usually made had roadways and complex of cotton or wool. agricultural systems. However, they • Any number of strings could didn’t have a writing system based hang from the wooden bar. on an alphabet. Instead, they used a Large quipus had up to 1,500 system called quipu that was based strings. on knots. Each knot had meaning • Everything about the string and helped people to remember carried information; the way large amounts of very specific it was woven, the color, the information. They used this tool to number of knots, the placement record any information they needed of the knots and the kind of to remember, like dates, accounts, knots were all important to folk stories, bloodlines and poetry. understanding the meaning of the quipu. Even though the quipu was a • Usually, people also popular and common way of memorized an oral explanation recording information, there are of the knots. not many examples remaining. • This was a very portable They were destroyed after internal and durable way of keeping conflict in the empire and when the information. Spanish colonized South America. • Different systems of knots were However, some shepherds and used for recording numbers other Andean people still use the versus stories. system today. All the missing quipus makes it difficult for modern www.ancient.eu/Quipu/MAnadcehsuMPoicucnhtuains in Peru researchers to understand exactly www.history.com/topics/incaPhoto © of Martin St-Amant, Wikipedia Vectors © via Vecteezy.com www.ancientscripts.com/quipu.html Weather An ice jam, or ice dam, is an accumulation of broken ice that clumps together or piles up to block the flow of a river. This can cause localized flooding in communities close to a river. But what causes ice jams, such as the one seen in this picture? Ice jams are typically caused by melting snow the river would then begin to quickly move streams by taking images of the ice from space.and ice in the springtime. But sometimes, this downstream, carrying the pieces of ice with it. You can also help meteorologists by reportingcan occur during the wintertime if there is a Then, if the ice gets jammed or caught up in aprolonged period of cold temperatures followed narrow part of the river, it becomes an ice jam. locations of ice jams or flooding from them toby an extended period of warmth. Warm your local National Weather Service office, buttemperatures and significant rainfall cause snow Because ice jams block the natural flow of the only if it is safe to do so! To do this, you canand ice to melt rapidly. These factors add a lot river, the water tends to be diverted and forced utilize social media platforms such as Facebookof water into the rivers and cause them to rise to flow in a different direction. This could lead and Twitter or call your local office. This(like when you’re filling up a bathtub). The to flooding in nearby towns and communities information can also assist local emergencyrising water of the river then cause the layer of close to rivers, creeks or streams. responders and help keep you and the publicice on top of the river to begin breaking up into safe.pieces or chunks of ice. If there is enough water Ice jams cannot be forecast. However,added to the river, such as from a big rainfall, satellites orbiting the earth can aid For more information on flood safety meteorologists in assessing and keeping track of and ice jams, visit: how much ice there is along rivers, creeks and www.floodsafety.noaa.gov/hazards.10 Kidsville News! www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals April 2018

What's It Like To Be... Jim Carrel, An Arachnologist? Please tell our readers a little bit about yourself and why you chose to study spiders. Hi. I’m Jim Carrel, a retired biologyprofessor who remains active in research.My official title is Distinguished TeachingProfessor of Biology Emeritus at theUniversity of Missouri in Columbia, Missouri. My interest in spiders started when I was23 years old. I tested how predators, such aswolf spiders, respond to insects that protectthemselves from attack by giving off stinky,irritating or distasteful fluids. At that time,I knew almost nothing about spiders. But Ibecame enamored with them, and by readingbooks and articles, I learned a lot about themlargely on my own. Eventually I focused onspiders themselves. Why are spiders important? Spiders are important for several reasons.First, there are many, many species of themin the world. In fact, the 50,000 describedspider species equal twice the number of birds,mammals and reptiles known today (25,000species). Second, spiders are common infields and forests; they are almost everywhereon land. Third, spiders are predators, eatingmostly insects and other spiders, so theyare vital links in food-webs. Fourth, spidersoften exert control of pest insects as theirpopulations start to grow, preventing damageto our food crops.Do you have any fun facts about spiders you can share with our readers? Spiders are not simply insects with eightlegs. Their physiology is different. Theylack the microscopic organelles that powerleg muscles in other animals, so they cannotrun fast for far. In seconds, they develop anoxygen debt and their movement declines to acrawl. So, no spider can chase a kid for morethan several feet. You need not run far awayfrom a spider on the ground. A few steps willdo. What is your favorite thing (or the scariest thing) about spiders? I am enchanted by spider webs. I routinelygo out at sunrise on foggy mornings toview webs dew-coated. I find their designsawe-inspiring. The thought of a tiny spiderconstructing an ornate web that is inches acrossin a matter of minutes is truly remarkable.Furthermore, the fact that the shape of a weboften is indicative of the identity of a spiderspecies causes me to wonder how this cameabout in the distant past. What do you wish everyone knew about spiders? Spiders are not threatening. They mean youno harm. In the big scheme of things in life,spider bites are way down near the bottom onthe list of risks to life and limb.April 2018 www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals Kidsville News! 11

12 Kidsville News! Hello! Sponsor this Want Your ARTWORK page... Or Your POETRY here?www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals and reach all Shoals Send it to us. area students in We’ll print it in K-6th grade, parents, a future issue. and their teachers Fill Out the in this award-winning fun, family newspaper. Send It form Please call Tom at on page 5! 256-740-4701 Caroline Butler 10 Florence for more information.April 2018April 2 APRIL

2018 April 2018 SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY 1 23 45 6 7 11 12 13 14 Easter Now Thru the End 10 April Fools Day of May 8 The Shoals Artists Guild Exhibit Still Life Paintings Upstairs Gallery Kennedy-Douglass Center for the Arts Florence FREE Mon. - Fri. 9am-4pm 9www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Earh Day NOTES: Lauderdale County Schools 29 Out Florence City Schools Out 30Kidsville News! 13

Color by someone with a loss of red & The world is a colorful place. Most of green sensitivity. us see color all around us. For example, a Notice the red and beautiful blue sky, green trees and plants, green colors are red missing for theflowers and sunsets, color-blind person.yellow fruit, a rainbowwith multiple colors, About 1 inwhite paper and black every 12 men, andink. Although black is 1 in every 200the absence of color, it women, are color-is certainly included in a challenged. It cancollection of paints and be a safety issueor crayons. because such a Color is a property of person would havelight and light is a form difficulty seeingof, what scientists call, RED warnings.electromagnetic waves.These waves are given off Red-green colorby all objects but hotter blindness is theobjects, like the Sun, most common,emit much more. Our followed nexteyes detect these waves by blue-yellowand our brain gives us blindness and by total color blindness.the sensation of color. So far we have been discussing the part of the spectrumYou are familiar with water waves where the tops of waves are of wavelengths seen by humans (violet-blue-green-yellow-called crests and the bottom troughs. The “wavelength” is the red). As seen in the diagram of the Electromagnetic Spectrum, gamma rays, x-rays and ultraviolet rays are forms of light with distance from crest to crest. Different wavelengths shorter than visible light. colors correspond Infrared, radar, FM radio, TV, shortwave, and AM radio to different wavelengths. Red have wavelengths longer than visible light. Our eyes only see has a much longer (respond) to visible light but some animals can “see” infrared wavelength than blue and others can see ultraviolet. We can feel infrared as heat rays but all visible light but we cannot see them. wavelengths are very small compared to Many animals and plants use color as a warning that they human sizes. are poisonous if eaten. This frog lives in South America and is We see color when extremely poisonous if touched.light enters our eyes and gets focused on the retina at the back In fact, indigenous peoples baitedof the eyeball. The retina has special nerve endings called rods their arrows with its toxin. It’s oftenand cones. Each little spot at called the poison-arrow frog.the center of the retina has This “painted bunting bird usesthree special sensors, each colorful feathers to attract a mate.sensitive to one of 3 colors: Many male birds are more colorfulred, green, and blue. Red than their mates.light hitting the red sensor Color surrounds us and makestriggers the sensation of red the world a more beautiful place.in our brain. Purple light will © 2018 Dr. David R. Curott,trigger two sensors (e.g. red UNA Professor Emeritusand blue) which our braininterprets as purple. Perhaps you mayremember having mixed redand blue paints together inart class to produce purple. Some people lack some color sensors and are labeled “color-blind”. The given apple example shows what would be seen14 Kidsville News! www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals April 2018

INTRODUCING Explorer Rewards Cole Now members ages 5-14 can track savings and redeem rewards online. With Member since 2013 all kinds of rewards to explore—such as zoos, ball parks, water parks, and museums—this new program makes it easier than ever for kids to save money, earn rewards, and start exploring. ª listerhill.com/explorer 6723 HELP! Truman Lost His Hat!/,77(5 Maybe you can help him find it & <RXU6KRDOV <RXU&KRLFH WIN A PLUSH MINI- TRUMAN OR PUPPET!* Somewhere in this Kidsville News! is Truman’s small red hat! This hat will not be on Truman. *Subject to Find only his red hat! Send us the availability. form below for a chance to win! The name of the winners will be in the next issue of Kidsville News! Last month’s hat was on page 13. March Winners of a Mini-Truman Liam Freman Asa Hudson of Florence of Lexington Pick yours up at the Courier Journal Office 219 W. Tennessee St., Florence Mail or bring entry to us by April 23 Hat on pg. _________ Your Name Phone mail to: Address Kidsville News! Town 219 W. Tennessee St. School Florence, AL 35630April 2018 www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals Kidsville News! 15

“The Cat In The Hat Knows A Lot About That: My favorite part of this show is the Cat’s personality.Season 2” portrays a dream-like world where learning is He brings fun to learning and, when explaining differentadventurous and engaging. Each episode takes you on a concepts, he adds a sense of humor. For example, whenride to a variety of places; some are even out of this world. explaining that the brain receives and sends signals fromThe animation brings you into the realm of Dr. Seuss. I the nose, a phone rings in his hat asking for his nose. Hedid not want to leave. is clumsy and modest about being smart. He makes the children laugh and ends each episode with a joke. The story follows Sally (Alexa Torrington) and Nick(Jacob Ewaniuk) traveling through everyday life, curious The message of this DVD is that learning can happenand eager to understand the ways of the world. The Cat anywhere and is always an adventure. I give this DVD(Martin Short) always pops in at the right time to help 4.5 out of 5 stars and recommend it for ages 2 to 10. It isthem find the answers to their dilemmas. Together they available now, so be sure to check it out.hop on the Thinga-ma-jigger and fly on adventures todiscover wonders. Martin Short, the voice of the Cat, uses the perfectaccent and voice to complement the Cat’s personality. Heemphasizes certain words to achieve the goofiness in hisvoice. Alexa Torrington and Jacob Ewaniuk are the voicesof the children, Sally and Nick, who grasp the innocenceand youthful spirit by their voices. Rob Tinkler voicesFish, Thing 1 and Thing 2. The way he changes the toneand pitch of the various voices is quite unique. The voicesfor Thing 1 and 2 are high pitched and humorous, whilethe voice for Fish is lower and more serious.16 Kidsville News! www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals April 2018

Come Out & PlayThe history of kites starts • All you need to make your own kite is flying line, This is just one way plastic materials like a shower curtain or garbage to make a kite; therein China two thousand bag, two wooden dowels, a marker, measuring stick, are many different shapes and styles.years ago. scissors and tape. Some of the shapes • First, lay the plastic sheet out flat on the ground. are complex and The very first record describes a • If you’re using a garbage bag, cut it open so that it is made to be beautiful.Chinese general in 206 B.C. using one • a single sheet on the ground. Others are intendedto measure how far his troops had to One of the wooden dowels should be longer than the to make the kitetunnel for a surprise attack. As kite flying other. faster or do incredible acrobatics. Somespread around the rest of Asia, people • Measure 6 inches down on the longer stick and lay people even compete in kite acrobatics.started using them for different things. the shorter one across it at this point to form a “t.” Usually these kites, called stunt kites, areIn Japan they were talismans that kept • Tie or tape the two sticks together. designed to be fast andaway evil spirits. There are also records • Lay the sticks on the plastic. controllable. Stuntof people using them to fish. Marco Polo • Use a marker to outline the frame of your kite in a kites are different from diamond shape. standard kites becausebrought kites back to Europe in the 13th they have two stringscentury. Kite fighting is a popular sport • Cut out the diamond shape 2 inches wider than the and two handles for outline better control.in Chile. There, fighter kites are known • Fold the edges of the plastic over the stick frame andas volantín. They are square shaped and • tape it down. Vector Image © Vecteezy.commade with light paper and bamboo sticks. • Tie your string to the cross where the two sticks meet. Make sure to decorate your kite and add a tail before Flying kites is still very popular today. you take it out on the next windy day.Making your own is easy with the help ofan adult. • Use tape if you need to connect the string or the tail. kite.org/education/history-of-kites/ www.wikihow.com/Fly-a-Stunt-Kite www.awindofchange.com/lessons/lesson2-3.htmlkids.nationalgeographic.com/children/activities/crafts/kite-craft/ Offer valid thru 5/1/2018April 2018 www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals Kidsville News! 17

The TM ViewLocal kids What is your favoritelet us know... season ? Spring Summer Do YOU want to be here? Ella Marie William 21Go to page Kilby Central 3rd Grade 4th Grade & fill out... Summer The TM View Kensie We’ll use it in Kidsville News! Central 4th Grade Don’t forget your photo! MATHTIME How can youHow many ways can you make change for a dollar? remove twoSome numbers are missing. Write them on this line: toothpicks from the square33 37 38 41 44 shape and leave two squares of different sizes? Cross out the two that should be removed. Answers On Page 2318 Kidsville News! www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals April 2018

A Section Especially for ParentsBEGINNER READS Princesses Wear Pants By Savannah Guthrie and Allison Oppeheim The Seven Silly Eaters Illustrated by Eva Byrne By Mary Ann Hoberman For ages 3-7 Illustrated by Marla Frazee For ages 4-7 Princess Penelope Pineapple is not your ordinary princess. Sure, she lives The Peters Family is just like yours – that is, in a castle and owns many pretty if you also are one of seven kids with very dresses, but being a princess is more particular food habits. Son Peter only likes than just fashion. Penelope often milk, while Lucy prefers lemonade and Jack chooses to wear pants, depending on will only eat applesauce. With each new what job she has for the day. Whether child comes a particular diet. What is Mrs. commanding the royal air force or Peters supposed to do? tending to her garden, Penelope is the epitome of girl power. Maniac Magee By Jerry SpinelliPAGETURNERS For ages 10-13 Inside Out and Back Again Jeffrey Lionel “Maniac” Magee would have By Thanhha Lai most likely lived a normal, run-of-the-mill For ages 8-12 life if a freak accident hadn’t occured and made him an orphan. Now, after eight Inside Out and Back Again follows Ha, unhappy years of living with his grouchy a young girl who is forced to flee the aunt and uncle, he decides to leave their only home she has ever known after household and run away, but literally run. the fall of Saigon. Ha, along with her From there, the myth of Maniac Magee is family, boards a ship to America born. As he runs farther and farther away following the hope and dream of a into different towns, he meets different new life. Inspired by the author’s own people and has different experiences, childhood, the book is a recipient of leaving a unique impact on him and both the Newbery Honor and the Na- the reader. tional Book Award. This is one book you don’t want to miss. The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time IndianADVANCED READS Frost Blood By Sherman Alexie By Elly Blake For ages 12 and up For ages 12 and up High school student Junior has spent his Seventeen-year-old Ruby has had whole life on the Spokane Reservation enough. After her mother is killed trying growing up and attending school. When to protect her, Ruby decides to come Junior decides to leave the reservation out of hiding and reveal her hidden school and attend an all-white high school powers. Ruby links up with rebel forces in town (where the only other Indian is the hoping to overthrow the king and ends mascot), you know things are bound to be up meeting the intriguing but frustrating interesting. Inspired by the author’s child- Arcus along the way. When Ruby gets hood and the winner of the National Book captured by the king, she has to figure Award, this is a fantastic book to add to out not only how to fight for her life but your reading list. for her love as well. Filled with magic, action and romance, this book has it all.Kidsville News Inc., TrumaKpniadrastnnvidellreyJooNanumetwhdeisisss, TpcProauagvmtteeeartrnosboahonneodl’kpssJyaRotmEhuaeAdstDiPksKcaidoItDtsveeDryrsOoobunRo'oEslokRAvsEDetAh.CDaartKOetIDMhseDuakOrriedeREstpoAyloDeloua.CvslOoeev.Mdetaaorreeppsaulrertaensteeordlootonvet.his page to helpApril 2018 www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals Kidsville News! 19

A Brief History of Florence’s Indian MoundBy Lee Freeman, Florence-Lauderdale Public Library, Local History/Genealogy Department“Partly surrounding the mound is a wall two hundred and a garden they were disturbing a very important archeological site.seventy feet distant from its base, which extends from the Nevertheless, some local residents seemed to understand its historicalmain river below to a branch formed by Cane Island above, and archaeological importance. For example, by March of 1897 futureconstituting a segment of a circle, the center of which would Florence mayor Delos Bacon (who founded the FlorenceAbstract Co.)be the Tennessee River. The wall is forty feet across the top had “been making a special study of this interesting race which haveand, making allowances for the ravages of time, must have left many interesting relics and mounds in the south” for some timebeen originally from twelve to fifteen feet high. It is now and was scheduled to give a lecture to the higher grades of the Pattoneight feet in height and the wall has what appears to be a School. Several times over the years, professional archaeologicalditch on the outside.” excavations and studies have been performed at the mound, suchThis was how Professors E. G. Squier and Edwin H. Davis, two as in 1932 when the Alabama Museum of Natural History at thenoted American archaeologists, described the Indian Mound at University of Alabama received a grant from the National ResearchFlorence in 1848. Cane Island is now known as Patton Island. Council to study several Alabama mounds, including the one atFlorence’s Indian Florence. Dr. WalterMound, whose B. Jones, director ofNative American the Museum, assistedname is Waumanona by James D. Hayesand which rises and James DeJarnetteto a height of on Friday, March43 feet, is easily 25, of 1932, “madeone of the most a scientific surveyimpressive man- Left, 1847 or 1848 drawing of the Indian Mound at Florence by Squier and Davis, showing its original and inspection of the hexagonal shape and the eight-foot high earthen wall which surrounded it. Middle, the mound as it lookedmade structures in around 1911. Right, Florence’s new Indian Mound Museum, dedicated in February of 2017. mound.” Americanthe area. Earlier Native wereinvestigations held remainsthe mound to be built betweenAD 1200 and 1500 by the Mississippian unearthed on at least two different occasions near the mound on theNative Peoples however the latest research conducted by Dr. James banks of the river; in August of 1891 workmen excavating a dump siteKnight of the University of Alabama in 1996-1997 tells us it is at the Philadelphia Furnace discovered a four foot-high, thirty footactually approximately 2,000 years old and built by the Woodland diameter mound containing the decayed bones, thighs and skulls,Native Americans. The Woodland Period of Native American history of “prehistoric men.” Dr. Percy Price, a “good surgeon,” was calleddates from roughly 3,000 BC to AD 700. Our mound was built in the for by furnace manager Daniel King to confirm that the remainsmiddle Woodland period, and, as stated by Profs. Squier and Davis were human. What became of the remains is not known at this time.above, the mound was originally hexagonal in shape and had a 12 to Again in February of 1919 workmen operating a steam shovel on the15 foot high, forty foot wide earthen wall some two hundred seventy Wilson Dam construction discovered the remains of five people in afeet in diameter with a ditch surrounding it, no traces of which exist buried tomb, which Maj. Watt carefully placed inside two dynamitetoday. Some experts think that, rather than a ceremonial mound, boxes and had transported to the officers’ quarters. We’re not sureat which the Woodland People would’ve performed sacred rituals, what became of these remains, either.that it might instead have been a “domiciliary mound,” meaning an A real turning point in the preservation of the mound came inimportant person such as a chieftain or shaman (a priest) lived in a March of 1945 when Mrs. R. S. Dabney donated the Indian Mounddwelling atop the mound. to the city “with the only proviso\" (or provision) \"being that it beAnd while we appreciate the historical and archaeological preserved and used in a manner that would be in keeping with itssignificance of our mound, it wasn’t always so. If you can believe historical value.” Fast forward twenty-three years, to Sunday, Julyit, for many years the Indian Mound at Florence was farmed as a 14, 1968. At this time the Indian Mound Museum, housed in the oldtruck garden (from the word truck which at the time meant “garden WJOI radio station building, at the base of the mound, was officiallyvegetables”)! For example on Saturday, May 3, 1890, p. 3, the dedicated with “a crowd estimated at between five and six thousand”Florence Herald noted that: attending the dedication ceremony. The museum was especially“The HERALD is indebted to Mr. E. F. Zinn of the mound built to house local Native American artifacts from various culturesgarden near the M & C depot, for a fine box of strawberries and periods of history, especially those connected to the moundgrown on the famous ‘Indian Mound,’ situated in the bottom itself. This building was torn down and a new, modern museum wasnear the bridge. Mr. Zinn has a model garden and truck farm.” dedicated in early 2017. Today the Indian Mound Museum boastsEarlier, a German immigrant named John “Dutch” Kachleman among many other exhibits a “rich collection of rare and sought-after(pr. “kackelman”) had operated the “mound garden” for many years. Clovis and Cumberland points 500 generations old, animal effigyMr. Kachelman was born in Bavaria in 1815 and died in Evansville, pipes, woven textiles, soapstone carvings—all in chronologicalIndiana in 1894. order, from Paleo, Transitional, Archaic, Woodland, MississippianOur ancestors didn’t realize that by using the Indian Mound as and Historic Native American ages.”20 Kidsville News! www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals April 2018

ParenTown’s KidSmart TM Tablets and Kids: The View What to Know Student Questionnaire Mail, bring by or email us If you’ve handed over YOUR PHOTO & your answers!your tablet to your childrenmore than once, it may be Name time to consider gettingthem their own device. GFraaxd#e 256-76 0-9618SchooEl mail: k idsville @cour ierjourn al.netThere are a lot of greatchildren’s tablets that offer Mail: 219 W. Tennessee Street • Florence, AL 35630so much more than passivegames and videos. What is your favorite...... “Tablets can be a great source of learning if the content is Vacation place?relevant, engaging and age-appropriate,” said Dr. Clement Chau,director of learning for LeapFrog. Holiday? Before you take the plunge, here are some things to keep in mind. Place to eat? Durability Cartoon? CANNOT Kids are not necessarily known for their delicate handling of Have you ever ridden a horse? PRINTbreakable objects. So, look for kid-friendly products that are What is a commercial?durable and built specifically for kids’ hands. WITHOUT PHOTO Content Seek out tablets pre-loaded with fun and useful age-appropriate What is a billboard?content that blends education and fun. For example, those fromLeapFrog, a leader in innovative learning toys, offer well-rounded Have you ever ridden in a convertible car?curricula important to children’s development. The new LeapFrogEpic Academy Edition and LeapPad Ultimate feature preloaded Have you ever played in the snow?content teaching core skills like mathematics, reading and science,as well as music, puzzles, logic and creativity to help prepare What is something you have learned to do lately?children for preschool and beyond. Both tablets offer access to alearning library of more than 1,000 apps, eBooks and videos and Do you like to drink water?feature built-in technology that assess kids’ progress to personalizelessons. Additionally, LeapFrog Epic Academy Edition comes with Have you ever ridden on a roller coaster?a free trial of LeapFrog Academy, an interactive learning programfor 3- to 6-year-olds that guides kids on learning adventures they What do you like to eat for breakfast?can play on the go. Do you like to read aloud? Safety Remember, a tablet is not just a toy; it’s two-way access to the MUST HAVEworld at-large. But you can keep kids safe with a few precautions. PERMISSIONLook for tablets that are kid-safe right of the box, with features TO PRINT Parent/Guardian Permissionlike kid-friendly web browsers that provide access to pre-selectedwebsites. Then, take advantage of parental controls to manage I give Kidsville News! permission to print my CHILD’S PHOTO & opinion onfeatures. any questions listed above. I do realize my child’s first name, school and grade could Balance If you find that your child becomes inseparable from his or her be printed in this publication. I have enclosed or emailed my CHILD’S PHOTO.new tablet, consider setting rules, like no tablets at the dinner tableor for one hour before bedtime, and use built-in parental controls Parent/Guardian SIGNATURE Dateto set time limits. Even when devices are strictly being used foreducational fun, it’s still important to limit screen time and strikesome balance. As tablets continue to top children’s wish lists, parents shoulddo their research. With the right devices, apps and safety features,tablets can provide opportunities to engage kids’ creativity andknowledge.April 2018 www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals Kidsville News! 21

ParenTown’s KidShape Kidsville Kitchen5 reasons whysummercampis Reserve the Rind a good choice for kids Watermelon, both the flesh and the rind, is a Summer vacation offers students a respite from lessons and the routine good source of a compound called citrulline, anof school. Children might once have eagerly awaited those final days of amino acid that raises levels of arginine in the blood, which in turnclasses so they could lounge poolside, skip rocks across ponds and spend helps maintain blood flow, healthy blood vessels and heart health.the long days of the season playing with friends. But many of today’s Whether you’re eating for good health or good taste (or both), you youngsters can use the rind to make pickles and relishes, grate into salads and spend much of slaws, toss into stir-fry and add to smoothies and juices. The key to their summer chowing down on watermelon rind is knowing how to prepare it. vacations The preparation method below can help you put that rind to good indoors use: playing with their digital Watermelon Rind Pickles devices. 4 cups water Perhaps that’s why 1 tablespoon coarse salt one of the last vestiges 2 cups peeled watermelon rind, cut into 1-1/2-by-2-inch of the classic summer pieces (leave a thin layer of pink) vacation escape — 3/4 cup granulated sugar summer camp — remains 1 allspice berry Look for more creative ways such a viable 1/2 cup cider vinegar to use your watermelon rind at option for 4 peppercorns parents who 4 whole cloves watermelon.org. want their children to get 1/2 teaspoon pickling spiceoutdoors once the school year ends. Although kids needn’t be in camp all summer long, a week or two can 1 long slice of fresh ginger rootbenefit campers of all ages. The following are five reasons why summercamp might be the right fit this year. 1/4 teaspoon celery seeds 1. Explore talents. Summer camps help young people explore theirunique interests and talents. Under an organized, yet often easygoing 1. In a large pot over medium-high heat, bring water and salt to boil.camp schedule, kids can dabble in sports, arts and crafts, leadership, Add rind pieces and boil until tender, about 5 minutes. Strain.community support and so many other activities that may not be fully Transfer rinds to large metal bowl.available to them elsewhere. 2. Physical activity: Lots of camps build their itineraries around 2. In saucepan, combine watermelon rind, sugar, berries, vinegar,physical activities that take place outdoors. Campers may spend their peppercorns, cloves, pickling spice, gingerroot and celery seeds.time swimming, running, hiking, playing sports, climbing and so much Bring to boil over medium-high heat, stirring until sugar dissolves.more. This can be a welcome change for kids accustomed to living Simmer 15 minutes until slightly reduced. Pour over watermelonsedentary lifestyles. Regular physical activity has many health benefits rinds in bowl. Place plate over top to keep rinds submerged inand can set a foundation for healthy habits as an adult. liquid. 3. Gain confidence. Day and sleepaway camps offer campers theopportunity to get comfortable in their own skin. Camps can foster 3. Cover and refrigerate 1 day. Transfer to glass jar and keep sealedactivities in self-esteem by removing the academic measures of success in refrigerator up to 2 weeks.and fill in with noncompetitive opportunities to succeed. Campers learnindependence, decision-making skills and the ability to thrive outside ofthe shadow of their parents, siblings or other students. 4. Try new things. Camp gives children the chance to try newthings, whether that’s learning to cook, exploring new environments orembracing a new sport or leisure activity. Opening oneself up to newopportunities can build character and prove enlightening for children. 5. Make new friends. Camp is a great place to meet new people andmake lifelong friends. Campers flood in from areas near and far. Thisprovides kids with a chance to expand their social circles beyond theirimmediate neighborhoods and schools. Camps benefit children in a variety of ways. Lessons learned in campcan strengthen values, build confidence, develop coping mechanismswhen adversity strikes, and enable campers to make lifelong friends.22 Kidsville News! www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals April 2018

Rain barrels provide an eco- Did Youfriendly opportunity to repurposerainwater while helping KNOW?homeowners conserve water andsave money. But homeowners must Florence • Sheffield • Killenexercise caution when using rainbarrels in their lawns and gardens. The Professor Says To Spread The Word!Water collected by rain barrelsshould never be used for drinking, “Shop Smarter!”cooking or bathing. Pet ownersshould know that water collected If you really want to know what you’re getting,by rain barrels also should not be get it from someone local. No passwords, securityused to bathe pets. Rain barrel lids risks, or outrageous shipping fees to worry about.should also be tightly secured to And it’s safer, faster, more reliable, and lessprevent mosquito infestations. expensive!Secure rain barrels to also protect 219 W. Tennessee Streetchildren and pets from falling in. Buy Local, FlorenceOverflow valves should always Sell Localdirect water away from structures 256-764-4268to prevent water damage to homes www.courierjournal.netor sheds. In addition, to reduce riskof falls and injury, homeownersshould be certain that water isnot directed toward sidewalks,driveways or other areas wherefoot traffic is common. Beforethe arrival of winter, homeownersshould disconnect their rain barrelsfrom downspouts to prevent theformation of ice. ANSWERS MATHTIME292. Or 293 if you count a one-dollar coin in change!(32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46)This problem reinforces the concept of using the number line while givingstudents the opportunity to count and record numbers up to 50. It issometimes difficult for students to start at a number other than one.(The diagram shows one possible answer.) Somestudents have difficulty with visual imagery; manipulates shouldbe available for those who wish to construct the figure. What’s the Difference? Knowledge Power Di erences: 1) Hearts Missing 2) Land On Earth Color 3) Girl’s Hair Color Di erent 4) Boy’s Shirt Colors 5) Boy’s Shoes Colors 6) Background Colors 7) Colors of Girl’s Shoes & Clothes 8) Shadow the kids are Answers: 1. C standing on missing 2. A 3. D 4. A 5. B 6. CApril 2018 www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals Kidsville News! 23

Spring is here! How to stay healthy and safe during the springtime!The sun is shining and the days are getting longer. Spring might bring flowersand warmer temperatures, but it also brings on a new list of health and safetyconcerns. Here are some issues and how to manage them.• Spring Allergies – Weeds, spores, grass, and tree pollen are in full effect during the spring, bringing allergen levels to a high level. This can cause itchy watery eyes, sniffling, sneezing, coughing, and wheezing for some kids. Ask your parents about how to prevent allergy effects.• Sun Safety – It’s finally warm enough to spend a little extra time in the sun. A little sunlight provides health benefits, but extended sun exposure can lead to damaging burns, changes in skin texture, and possible skin cancer. Make sure you are using sunscreen when you are spending a lot of time outside. Ask an adult about using sunscreen.• Getting Enough Sleep – It takes some time to transition to the spring time change. The best way to maintain good sleep is to keep a consistent schedule. Go to bed at the same time every night!• Sports Safety – Sports are great, but there is a risk of physical injury. Always take proper safety precautions. Wear the proper gear (helmets, eye protection, footwear, etc.) and warm up before playing to avoid sprains or strains.• Bike Safety – A bike ride is a great way to get outside. Always wear a helmet (that properly fits), stop and obey traffic signals, ride in the same direction as cars, watch closely for cars, don’t ride at nighttime, and pay attention – avoid distractions! Stay safe and have fun! Brought to you by your friends at:1300 S. Montgomery Ave. • Sheffield, AL • 256-386-4196 • www.helenkeller.com24 Kidsville News! www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals April 2018