Andrea Gray - Lauderdale County - December 2021

Hey! This Paper Belongs To: TM Lauderdale County’s Fun Family Newspaper - December 2021 15 YEARS in the Shoals The Joy of Music Cultural Connections - Famous Composers The Joyful Noise of the Birdsongs What's It Like to be a Principal - D. Shanessa Fenner? Wildville - Curious Sounds of Nature For more fun and games, visit the Kidsville News! Website at KidsvilleNews.com/lauderdale December 2021 www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals Kidsville News! 1

Musical Instruments in the Ancient World A rchaeology is the study of things that people made, used and left behind. Scientists who study archaeology are called archaeologists. Researchers have discovered archaeological evidence of musical instruments in many parts of the world. Here are some facts about musical instruments in the Ancient World, the region around the Mediterranean and the Near East before the fall of the Western Roman Empire in AD 476. ■ Many early musical instruments were made from animal skins, ■ The Greeks also played stringed instruments like the harp and bone, wood and other natural materials. the lyre. They also played a large lyre called a kithara. ■ Metal was most often used for horns. The lur is an example ■ Organs were used for church music. From the 12th century, of one played in ancient times from the Bronze Age in Europeans played the bagpipes, the hurdy-gurdy, a hand-crank- mechanical string instrument and the metal triangle. Scandinavia. ■ The xylophone comes from Southeast Asia but dates back to ■ A discovered bone carving named the Divje Babe Flute was Europe by the early 16th century. Its name comes from the used to play four notes. Some scholars refer to this find as the Greek words xylon, meaning wood, and phone, meaning sound. oldest musical instrument, dating back 67,000 years. Beyond the Ancient World, music has always been a part of culture, religion and society. For example, Buddhist cultures ■ The Jewish used shofar, a ram’s horn, which is still blown use bells and drums. In India, according to legend, the deity on Rosh Hashana, the New Year, and Yom Kippur, the Day Krishna played the flute. Trumpets are used in military operations, flag ceremonies and funerals, and have had functions in royal of Atonement. ceremonies, too. ■ Archaeologists in China found flutes made of bones that date back 7,000 to 9,000 years. They were created by shaping the hollow wing bone of a large bird. ■ The Ancient Egyptians played castanets, drums and bells, and stringed instruments like the harp, the lyre and the lute. Wind instruments were flutes and trumpets. https://kidskonnect.com/music/musical-instruments/ https://www.britannica.com/art/musical-instrument MATHTIME 1. Draw a picture of what the tetromino 2. The students in Mrs. Alvarez’s class would look like after it is turned or rotated made a pictograph to record the books 90 degrees. they read at home. = 2 Books Kelsey Jamie Brad How many books has Jamie read? _______ How many more books has Kelsey read than Brad?_______ Answers On Page 23 h 2 Kidsville News! www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals December 2021

Hi, Kids! cjTwff“ooiogNnhraSAahkufioKnemiferpoMrs“mditsi.oetdoWtnhesehuaulssjWori!tnikisvnotnarllhdiiidgrygynnhldeculvdgaeatoamifmCtplhymilosheNaleaeshlpfppnrsek”eaoraitthWedspwbsesra.as,tpeeatsnovmyWir!idditrennsnoaihlignt,dcifsstip“tugls.,hChulmhn”taeedoahCeadlnualniTpenrhtsntlnipadauylirgonectyrgibptsacunH,oomonhttlrfnukomaiiakgtosgtipkooenathnatpiohdymsmasimnytmdas,pguuheic”tpesssHesohf,ijiiteofcecooamhaworoyeltietunmdkthfrdhtsdhnuaiuahcsieaoitllcsysphlamrowli.asssecnlul!mooarceo?sueasir“nodiamnTitmcceTngnldirataiecihgssonhsalk,lieesodnneittssugaynsdshdhnssoertrtCmdtumauhoorwsh’lesmleuelulre,ergmssioeabhghsotelefastleaeimsoncmodspapbaetknopraese,naynscatgb.ioionaanocfialbaumlbnytoraedoulyltsjsmoo,tumulyl!gsyapiikcvee.isng Until next time, The Curious Sounds of Nature A nimals in nature are Woodpeckers the original musicians Woodpeckers are the of the world. Listen percussionists of the forest, no further than to hear a frog’s drumming and pecking to attract croak, a bird’s whistle or a mates instead of chirping and grasshopper’s chirp to know singing. Adapted to peck a lot of this is true. Animals make wood before getting hurt or tired, complex and amazing sounds the birds have an extra-thick beak, similar to music in some and powerful neck and reinforced more like noise in others. Some skull. Besides drilling in tree calls are made with the breath, wood to find food and build nests, woodpeckers also knock on hollow tree while others derive from moving body parts. Let’s look at a few remarkable trunks in a pattern unique to their species to defend territory and attract examples. mates. If not in the forest or a wooded area, woodpeckers pound on rain gutters and houses to create a beat. Bats Anna’s Hummingbird Bats have a special ability to make sounds known as echolocation to Maybe you have seen the aerial acrobatics of hummingbirds, performing identify their young in colonies, but they also make high-pitched sounds daredevil stunts as they fight off competitors for food and mates. They much like a soprano singer, too high for humans to hear. Male bats produce also sing complex tunes. The species of hummingbird known as Anna’s these high frequencies to defend their homes and find female mates. Bat hummingbird make a loud squeak or whistle not caused by their voice songs are two to four times higher than humans can hear, but if you record but by their tail. Specialized feathers on the edges of the hummingbird’s them and slow the sounds down, they sound a lot like chirping songbirds. tail catch the wind when it blows at high speed and vibrates, producing a And if bats are the high-pitched singers in the chorus, elephants are the low woodwind sound. bass players producing infra sound too low for humans to hear. https://blogs.sierraclub.org/explore/2012/12/7-amazing-animal-musicians.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_animal_sounds December 2021 www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals Kidsville News! 3

This Page Brought To You By: Making Music D o you enjoy music? Can you play or sing? Music can and may have 30 or 40 players. The number of players will be made with many different types of instruments. depend on what music they are playing and the size of the Anything that somehow produces sound can be place where they are playing. considered a musical instrument, but the term generally means items that are specifically for making music. Some people Instruments In An Orchestra classify voice as a “natural musical instrument” because singing is a way to make music without any instrument at all. Strings These instruments use vibrating strings to make their sound. The violin is an example of a Musical Instruments string instrument. Woodwinds This type of instrument is made of a long hollow Five types of musical instruments exist. tube of wood or metal. The sound is made by blowing air through a very thin piece of shaved wood called a reed, or • Strings – Plucked Or Bowed across a small mouthpiece. The clarinet is an example of a woodwind instrument. • Woodwind Brass These instruments are wind instruments made of metal with a cup-shaped mouthpiece. The tuba is an example of a • Brass brass instrument. Percussion This type of instrument is played by being • Percussion struck or shaken. A snare drum is an example of a percussion instrument. • Keyboard A keyboard, while not present in an orchestra, is an Orchestras instrument that is played by pressing the keys of a keyboard. You can find a keyboard on a piano, organ, synthesizer, An orchestra is a large group of musicians who play together harpsichord and clavichord. on a variety of bowed string, woodwind, brass and percussion instruments. The leader of the orchestra is the conductor. Orchestras usually play classical music. A large orchestra is sometimes called a symphony orchestra, with about 100 players. A small orchestra is called a chamber orchestra 4 Kidsville News! https://kids.kiddle.co/Musical_instrument December 2021 https://www.classicsforkids.com/music/instruments_orchestra.php www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals

The Joyful Noise of Birdsong Name the birds by their song. 1. gobble gobble gobble 2. caw caw caw 3. jay jay jay cheerily, cheer-up, cheerily cheer cheer 4. ill cheer e chick-a-dee-dee-dee 5. 6. ollow who cooks for you chur-wee r a 7. 8. metal fa Answers on Page 23 Answer Keys: www.exploringnature.org/db/view/Kidsville-News-Activities sion Nature Books for Kids ard. www.exploringnature.org/store/category/4 When ordering, let us know where you heard about us and receive a downloadable activity bundle of your choice for FREE. Books by award-winning author, Sheri Amsel December 2021 www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals Kidsville News! 5

?? ? ? ? ?? ?? ? ? ?? ?? What’s it Like to Be? ? ? ? ? ?? ?? ? ? ? ?? ? ? A Principal - Dr. Shanessa Fenner ? What are your name and profession? received entry into the program. It has been begin my daily routine of observing teachers What are some of the duties of your job? one of the best decisions that I have ever made. in the classroom environment. Eventually, I eat lunch, check my email again and handle My name is Dr. Shanessa Fenner, and What background or education did you everything that comes my way. I am an elementary school principal. My obtain to enter this field? duties entail being an instructional leader; What do you like best about your job? Andrea providing a safe, orderly and dynamic I have four college degrees: a bachelor’s I love that I have the pivotal role of ensuring learning environment; ensuring high academic and master’s of arts in education, a master’s our students have an equitable and inclusive achievement of all students; analyzing of school administration and a doctorate in learning environment that will prepare them data; responding to students’ academic educational leadership. A master’s degree in for tomorrow’s economy. I also love the hugs and behavioral needs; and coordinating school administration is needed to become I would receive daily before COVID-19. Kids professional development opportunities. I am a principal. say and do some of the cutest little things that also tasked with monitoring the actions of our make my day. school improvement plan; addressing parent Describe a typical day on your job. concerns; administering discipline; hiring I report to work an hour early, and I sit at What are some challenges you face? and retaining effective teachers; conducting my desk to eat my breakfast. Many of my Some of the challenges that I face include teacher observations; setting up collaborative teachers arrive early, so they come to my office lack of parental involvement, the social- meetings of all types for planning purposes; to speak with me and ask questions. I start emotional needs of students, the pressures of collaborating in committee meetings; my day by greeting the students in the foyer accountability and test scores and continuing supporting and inspiring my teachers and staff; of the building as they arrive. We make the to do more with less. promoting our vision and mission and plenty morning announcements to set the tone for more. the day. I check my email to see if there are What would you like others to know any emails that I need to respond to or send about you or your profession? When and why did you decide on this out to my staff. We have grade-level planning It is extremely important to find a work-life career path? meetings on Mondays, so I make my way balance. I am a writer, and writing is what to my two instructional coaches’ rooms to helps me to unwind. Professionals of all types, I was an elementary teacher for six years attend and participate in planning data-driven including myself, need to take time for self- and decided that I wanted to do something effective instruction for our students. Suppose care. This practice is important, so I can be the different. I wanted to have a broader influence I don’t have any parents or staff members best instructional leader I was called to be. in the role of educating our students. waiting on me after planning or other meetings like the student services team. In that case, I To fulfill this goal, I applied for the North Carolina Principal Fellows Program and 6 Kidsville News! www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals December 2021

Famous Composers A composer is a person who writes music, especially classical music, in any form, including vocal music, instrumental composers of all time. His most-celebrated music, electronic music and music that combines multiple pieces include Brandenburg Concertos; formats. The Well-Tempered Clavier; Concerto for Most of the best-known composers of classical music wrote during Two Violins; The Goldberg Variations; St the 1600s-1800s. They each were different in style, skill, creativity and Matthew Passion and more. popularity, but all made a great impact on the world of music. The three composers that consistently appear in the top spots are Beethoven, Bach Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756– and Mozart. 1791) Ludwig van Beethoven (1770–1827) The German composer and pianist Ludwig van Beethoven is widely Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was an thought of as the greatest composer who ever lived. He lost his hearing Austrian composer of the Classical period, progressively as he aged, but this condition did not stop him from widely recognized as one of the greatest composing some of his most important works during the last 10 years composers of Western music. He is the of his life when he was nearly deaf. The artist’s notable works include only composer to write and excel in all of Symphony No. 9 in D Minor, Op. 125; Symphony No. 5 in C Minor, the musical genres of his time. Rumored to Op. 67; Moonlight Sonata; and Für Elise. have played music at age three and to have Johann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750) written music at age five, Mozart was a very Baroque period musician Johann Sebastian Bach was a German smart child. Famous pieces include The composer and organist. His peers admired him for his talent as Marriage of Figaro; Elvira Madigan; and a musician but thought his compositions were old-fashioned. A Clarinet Quintet in A Major, K 581. rediscovery of his work in the early 19th century led to the so-called Bach revival, in which he came to be seen as one of the greatest Read about Johannes Brahms, Richard Wagner, Claude Debussy, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, Frédéric Chopin, Joseph Haydn or Antonio Vivaldi, among many others, to learn more about great composers. https://www.britannica.com/list/10-classical-music-composers-to-know https://www.classicfm.com/composers/greatest-classical-music-history/ Lauderdale County’s Send It Hey Kids! Truman again. I want Fun family Newspaper YOUR ORIGINAL ART WORK, LETTERS & POEMS! We may print 219 W. Tennessee St. Florence, AL 35630 them in a later issue or use them on our website! Just have your 256-764-4268 parents fill out this form and send it with your work to: EDITOR & PUBLISHER Kidsville News! • 219 W. Tennessee St. • Florence, AL 35630 Thomas V. Magazzu [email protected] KIDSVILLE COORDINATOR Andrea L. Gray [email protected] GRAPHIC DESIGNERS Andrea L. Gray Russell Roden Gwyn Jones ADVERTISING EXECUTIVES Name Age Sadonna Magazzu Heather Ridinger ADDITIONAL CONTRIBUTORS Dr. David R. Curott Lee Freeman Billy Ray Warren Patricia J. Weaver Address City KIDSVILLE NEWS! PRODUCED BY State Zip School Merrigold Publications School Library NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, Other? MERRIGOLD PUBLICATIONS Where did you get your copy of Kidsville News!? Bill Bowman Your Signature (This is my own work) bbowmanupandcomingweekly.com Send your drawing in color and on UNLINED PAPER NATIONAL EDITOR Parent’s or Guardian’s Signature (Permission) Crissy Neville [email protected] CAN NOT PRINT WITHOUT THIS SIGNATURE ILLUSTRATOR Cover & Truman - Dan Nelson www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals Kidsville News! 7 KIDSVILLENEWS LITERACY & EDUCATION FOUNDATION www.kidsvillenewsfoundation.com [email protected] ©Copyright 2021 Merrigold Publications, All Rights Reserved. Truman is a service mark of Kidsville News! Inc., and the Kidsville News! logo is a registered trademark of Kidsville News! Inc. No part of this issue of Kidsville News! may be reproduced in whole or in part in any form without permission of the publisher or the copyright holder. Neither participating advertisers nor the publishers will be responsible or liable for misinformation, misprints, or typographical errors. The publishers reserve the right to edit any submitted material. Kidsville News! Inc. is not responsible for unsolicited manuscripts, artwork, or other material. Children’s submissions should include name, address, telephone number, and permission to publish signed by a parent or guardian. Product Printed by TN Valley Media Florence, AL December 2021

INTRODUCING Explorer Rewards Cole Now members ages 5-14 can track savings and redeem rewards online. With Member since 2013 all kinds of rewards to explore—such as zoos, ball parks, water parks, and museums—this new program makes it easier than ever for kids to save money, earn rewards, and start exploring. ª listerhill.com/explorer Musical Chairs Come Have you played musical chairs Out & at a party? Those familiar with this action-packed game, where finds no chair is out of the game. Another Romania, Play chair is removed, the music starts up again and then stops suddenly. Again, a player the game is “Birdie players move in a circle to the music and is left out until two players and one chair Move Your Nest.” In the Philippines scramble to get to a vacant chair before remain. The one who sits in the last chair and Germany, it’s called “Journey to others, know it is fun. Here are the rules if wins the game. Jerusalem.” In Russia, it’s called “It’s you have not played; get ready to move to The Game Around The World Boring to Sit Like This.” It is called musical the groove and have fun. Musical Chairs is played all over the chairs in Ireland, England, France, Greece, How To Play world. In Denmark, the Netherlands and Italy, Israel, Thailand and here at home in Arrange chairs in a long row down the Portugal, it’s called the “chair dance.” In the United States. middle of the room, placing them so that Sweden, it’s called “The Stormy Sea.” In one faces one way, the next chair the other way and so on down the line. The other way to arrange the chairs is in a circle, all facing out. One chair less than the number of players is how the chair count goes. One person controls the music. The players form a line, the person starts the music and when all are marching merrily around the chairs, the music stops All players scramble for seats, and the one who https://www.mamalisa.com/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musical_chairs 8 Kidsville News! www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals December 2021

This Page Brought To You By What’s the Difference? There are 8 THINGS that are different in these pictures. Di erences - Colors Of: 1) Background Circle 2) Belt 3) Boots 4) Pizza Pan 5) Trim On Clothing, Hat & Boots Green; 6) Slice Of Pizza Di erent 7) Eyebrows Gone 8) Heat Coming O Pizza Di erent me & y Answers on Page 23 December 2021 www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals Kidsville News! 9

Knowledge Power Submitted By Patricia J. Weaver Christmas Trivia 6. In 1836, what U.S. state was the first to recognize Christmas as a holiday? 1. Who wrote “A Christmas Carol”? A. Massachusetts B. New York C. Georgia D. Alabama A. Hans Christian Andersen B. Charles Dickens C. Mark Twain D. Clement Clarke Moore 2. What president decorated the first official White House Answers on Page 23 Christmas tree? A. Zachary Taylor B. Franklin Pierce C. Abraham Lincoln D. Andrew Jackson 3. When was the first Christmas card introduced? A. 1860 B. 1885 C. 1915 D. 1945 4. Which U.S. state grows the most Christmas trees? Didn’t C A. Washington B. Montana C. Texas D. Oregon ?Know… 5. In what year did the U.S. Postal Service issue the first Bet YouChristmas stamp? A. 1942 B. 1952 C. 1962 D. 1972 Bet You Didn’t Know… THOMAS W. • A crocodile cannot stick its tongue out. Kids McCUTCHEON • It is physically impossible for pigs to look up at the JOEL R. sky. HAMNER • There are 293 ways to make change for a dollar. • The giant squid has the largest eyes in the world. • A shrimp’s heart is in its head. • If you sneeze too hard, you could facture a rib. • Owls cannot move their eyeballs. • Your nose and ears continue growing for your entire life. CALL US 256-333-5000 State 2210 Helton Drive, Florence www.MHatty.com Th “No representation is made that the quality of the legal services to be performed is greater than the quality of legal services performed by other lawyers.” Win Dec. 2 10 Kidsville News! www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals December 2021

Thank You Friends! First Southern Bank Excel Computer Services Those listed here also help us www.firstsouthern.com Florence 256-767-3337 produce and distribute this Parents’ Godfather’s Pizza State Farm/Jason Parker Choice Award-Winning Newspaper FREE to all local school children! Mall Rd. Florence Muscle Shoals 256-381-3434 Cutting Edge Longrider Supply Co. Shoals Christian School YMCA of the Shoals Lawncare & Landscaping, LLC Feed, Seed, & Tack Florence ShoalsChristian.org www.ymcashoals.org 4-H 256-766-6223 Odem and Odem, Attorneys FB Lauderdale County 4-H 210 W. Tennessee St. Florence Mike Randall Team 1Life Neurology Center Realtor 256-366-9779 1919 Woodward Ave., Muscle Shoals Simpson’s Collision Repair Ekklesia Preschool Florence • Sheffield • Killen & Child Development Center CHRISTMAS Coloring Contest 2021 McDonald’s in Colbert County & Russellville 3 Age Groups: 2-4 • 5-7 • 8-10 Top 3 Winners in each Age Group Receive: Large 1 Topping Pizza from Domino’s Happy Meal Kidsville News! Prizes from McDonald’s in Colbert Co. & from Courier Journal Russellville Info below must be completed to qualify. Child’s Name Age Address City State ZIP Phone Number Mail or Bring Entries to: Courier Journal Drawings are judged by our staff on the basis of talent of the child’s age ability. IT MUST BE COLORED BY THE CHILD. Winners are not selected at 219 W. Tennessee St. random. One entry per person. One winner per family. You may also download and print this entry form from our website: www.courierjournal.net Florence, AL 35630 www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals Kidsville News! 11 ENTRY DEADLINE Thursday, Dec. 16 NOON Winners will be announced in the Courier Journal Dec. 22 issue & the January Issue of Kidsville News. December 2021

12 KKididssvvilileleNNeewwss!! Want Your ARTWORK Hello! Sponsor this Or Your POETRY here? page... www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals Send it to us. and reach all Shoals area students in We’ll print it in a future issue. K-6th grade, parents, and their teachers Fill Out the in this award-winning fun, family newspaper. SfpoearngmdeoI7tn! Please call Tom at Charlie Frazier 5 Florence 256-740-4701 for more information. DFeecbermuabreDyre2c0em1291Fb December

FbeDeFbrerbc2uera0umr2ayb1rey2r02210091291 SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY Notes: www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals Early Dismissal: Mars Hill Bible Florence City, School Lauderdale County, Early Dismissal Shoals Christian, Riverhill AND St. Joseph SCHOOLS Christmas Christmas Eve Day St. Joseph School Winter Break Dec. 17, 2021 - Jan. 2, 2022 Mars Hill Bible School Winter Break Dec. 17, 2021 - Jan. 4, 2022 Shoals Christian School Winter Break Dec. 20, 2021 - Jan. 3, 2022 Lauderdale County Schools Winter Break Dec. 20, 2021 - Jan. 3, 2022 Florence City Schools AND Riverhill Winter Break Dec. 20, 2021- Jan. 5, 2022 Kidsville News! 13 St. Joseph School Winter Break Dec. 17, 2021 - Jan. 2, 2022 Mars Hill Bible School Winter Break Dec. 17, 2021 - Jan. 4, 2022 Shoals Christian School Winter Break Dec. 20, 2021 - Jan. 3, 2022 Lauderdale County Schools Winter Break Dec. 20, 2021 - Jan. 3, 2022 Florence City Schools AND Riverhill Winter Break Dec. 20, 2021- Jan. 5, 2022

Friendship Comes In All Colors FLORENCE – A well-known retired teacher of science and gifted education for the Florence City School system has recently published her 15th book. Doris Metcalf began writing during the early years of gifted education when there were few resources available for teaching gifted children. She began writing materials of her own that were published by several Florence • Sheffield • Killen companies and used in gifted classrooms across the nation. This led to the publishing of an additional activity book in the area of science, computers, African-American history, creative problem-solving and several biographical books. Hey Kids One of her most recently published books, “On The Wings of a It! Mourning Dove,” was written upon the death of her mother. The Don’t Forget To Send book details the necessary steps to take when a loved one passes away. Mrs. Metcalf’s most recent book entitled, “The Rainbow Friends Learn a Lesson,” is a Send us YOUR cleverly-written book with fun illustrations Artwork or poems! by accomplished artist, Tamara DeStafano. It teaches young children that friendship does not depend on a person’s color. We will print yours Mrs. Metcalf holds degrees from Stillman in Kidsville News! College, (BS); Ohio State University (MA); University of North Alabama (EdS) and Certification in Gifted Education from the University of Alabama. See Page 7 to find out how! This and several other books from Mrs. Metcalf’s are available on Amazon and other book websites. Hidden Picture Puzzles Answers on Page 23 14 Kidsville News! www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals December 2021

Local History Written by Billy Warren certain streets in the three cities to accommodate streetcars. The Did You Know? tracks went from Tuscumbia, through Sheffield, and across The Value Of Vintage Photographs the very top of the Old Railroad Bridge into Florence. Do you know the word “vintage”? If you search for it in a For a certain amount of money dictionary (either on-line or in a paper copy), you are likely to (called a “fare”), a person could find the following definitions: a period in which something was ride the streetcar from one end made or was begun; of old, recognized and enduring interest; to the other. Doesn’t that sound dating from the past. exciting? With this month’s article, you will note that there are three This photograph was mailed by someone named “Will” to a person in photographs. Each one shows a downtown scene in a Shoals Columbus, Ohio, in 1906. The postage stamp cost one cent. area city: Florence, Sheffield and Tuscumbia. But neither of the three shows a downtown as it appears today; instead these So, then, what is the value of vintage photographs? Here are two are vintage photographs. They let the viewer see how each suggestions: downtown appeared years ago. 1. They help a person studying the history of a specific building tell the Let’s look at them in alphabetical order: story of that building more completely and factually. 1. FLORENCE: You are looking north on Court Street (the main street in the downtown area) toward the campus of 2. They help to prove the existence of items, such as streetcars, that might the University of North Alabama (UNA). How can you tell not be known otherwise. by looking at the cars lining the street that this isn’t a recent photograph? SOMETHING TO DO: How might a person who is doing research on the history 1. Ask an adult to take you to one of the streets in the three photographs. of one or more of the buildings in this photograph use the When you go, take this issue of Kidsville News! with you so you can compare photograph to tell the story of the building (or buildings)? the photograph with the way the street looks today. The reverse 2. Miss Maud Lindsay, the teacher in the first free public kindergarten side of this in Alabama, was born in Tuscumbia and lived in Sheffield as an adult. She photograph rode the streetcar each school day to her kindergarten in Florence. Pretend (not shown) that she is taking you with her to be her assistant for one day. (Remember indicates that that the streetcar had to cross the Tennessee River on the Old Railroad it was mailed Bridge.) What do you see along the way? If the ride boring or exciting? to someone Why? in Tucson, Arizona, in 1947. The postage stamp cost one cent! Isn’t that interesting? 2. SHEFFIELD: You are looking north on Montgomery Avenue (the main street in the downtown area) toward the large standpipe and the Tennessee River. Look carefully at the long, long line of men in the right-hand side of the photograph. Interestingly, they all seem to be dressed alike and are in a parade. Use your imagination to develop a story about these men, including such details as the company or club to which all of them belong, the reason that they are dressed alike and the event that they might be celebrating. This photograph was included in a letter written to an unknown person in 1907. Here is a mathematics problem: If the photograph was mailed in 1907, how many years ago from the present year was that? 3. TUSCUMBIA: You are looking south on Main Street (as its name implies, the main street in the downtown area) toward the beautiful Spring Park. Again, look carefully at the large object in the foreground; it’s a streetcar (also called a “trolley.) From approximately 1902 to 1932, rails similar to railroad tracks were embedded in December 2021 www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals Kidsville News! 15

\"Dear Santa . . .\" Letters to St. Nick from Days Gone By By Lee Freeman, Florence-Lauderdale Public Library, Local History - Genealogy Department Have you ever written a letter to Santa? Maybe you’re thinking about From the Florence Herald, Thursday, December 19, 1912, p. 1: writing one this year to tell Santa what you’d like for Christmas. But what Florence, Ala. Dec. 17, 1912. should you say to Jolly Old St. Nick? Maybe it would help to read the Dear Sandy Clais: i am a little boy 6 year old and I will rit yu a few letters of other kids who wrote to Santa, to see what they said. At the very lines to tell yu what I would lik for yu to bring me and Sure would Enjoy least it should be interesting to see what kids a long time ago wanted for my Self with them I would lik a little wagon and a trycille [tricycle] and Christmas and how they wrote their letters. To that end I have reproduced Some roman canails [candles] fair [fire] crackers apples oringe candy 2 several “Letters to Santa” published in old Florence newspapers spanning cocoknuts and would lik to have som play games and I guiss that is a nuff, the years 1898 to 1974. I haven’t corrected the spelling. and good by dear sandy clais. From the Florence Times,, Friday, Dec. 23, 1898, p. 3: Clarince Stevenson December 15, 1898.—De[a]r Santa Claus:—Please bring me a gun, and Bring me a little Bugle to pleais. bring me a sack, and bring me nine packages of fire crackers, and bring me nuts and bananas, and bring me roman candles and that is a rifle, and From the Florence Herald, Thursday, December 19, 1912, p. 1: bring me everything you can. Good by. Your friend, Florence, Ala. Dec. 17, 1912. Waverly Garner Dear Sandy Clais: i am a little girl 10 yr old and I will rit yu a few lines to tell yu From the Florence Times,, Friday, Dec. what I would lik for yu to bring me I would 23, 1898, p. 3: like to have a large doll and a little Safe Florence, Ala., Dec. 18, ’98. and a set of little dishes they would make Mr. Santa Claus:—I thought that I would me happy to get them and I would like to write you a letter to let you know what I have Som apples ornings [oranges] nuts want [for] Christmas. I will tell you. I want and canday. So good by dear old sandy a doll with black curly hair; I want a set clais. of dishes, and a set of furniture, and a toy Minnie May Stevenson black dog. I want a doll bed, and I want a stove and a bicycle, and some skyrockets, From the Florence Herald, Thursday, and some fire crackers. I want a toy white December 23, 1920, p. 1: dog, a doll trunk, and a toy house. That is Letters to Santa from the Florence Herald, Thursday, December Dear Editor: I guess Santa is in town all I want, I believe. 19, 1974, p. 8. now. I want you to show him my letter. I to bring me a wagon so I Yours truly, Lucretia Crow have a nice calf that I play with, but I want him can haul mama in kindling, wood and turnips. There is lots I would do to From the Florence Times, Friday, Dec. 23, 1898, p. 3: help mama if you would bring me this wagon. I thank you for some nuts, Florence, Ala., Dec. 10, ’98.—Dear Santa Clause.—Papa says you will candy, apples and oranges. bring me nice things at Christmas if I will ask you. I would like for you Your friend, to bring me a little drum, some candy, apples, oranges, nuts and some fire Robert Angel crackers . I live out in the country, but I guess you can find where I live. Please come. I will go to bed early and shut my eyes tight, so I can’t see From the Florence Herald, Thursday, December 23, 1920, p. 1: you. Your little boy, Henry Young. Dear Santa: Please bring me a little wagon and a goat to hitch to it. I always get nuts, candy, apples, and oranges, but I eat them up. I want From the Florence Times, Friday, Dec. 22, 1899, p. 1: something I can’t eat up so soon. I want to play outdoors so I can be a Dear Santa Claus:—I wish you would please bring me some candy, healthy, happy boy. apples, oranges, fire crackers, and a bugle. Cary Potts, Wright, Ala. Cornelius Angel From the Florence Herald, Friday, December 22, 1905, p. 4: From the Florence Herald, Thursday, December 19, 1974: Dear Santa Claus: I thought I [would] write you a letter as it is just a Dear Santa. week until Xmas. Please bring me an air gun, wagon, street car, a ball I have been a good boy. I want a Evil Knievel.* My mother wants a and bat. I have a little brother, four years old, please bring him a rockie mink coat. I want a mini bike and a color TV set. [rocking] horse, bugle and drum. Don’t slight none of the children as they Love Greg Hopkins will be disappointed. Gilbert School Your friend, Oral Arnett From the Florence Herald, Thursday, December 19, 1974: Dear Santa. From the Florence Herald, Friday, December 22, 1905, p. 4: I have been a good girl. I want a baby doll. I want a dog. I want a bird Please bring me a doll that will goe to sleep and a goe cart with a parisal and a three-speed. I want a thousand dollars. [prob. a parasol, an umbrella], tea set, and ring, some oranges, apples, Love Leigh Davis, nuts and candy. I have a little sister, bring her a doll [and a] doll cradle, a Gilbert School. broom. Don’t [sli]ght no one. Your little friend, *Note: Robert Craig “Evel” Knieval (1938-2007) was a famous motorcycle stuntman Louise Arnett and daredevil in the 1970s who all the kids loved. There was a whole line of toys based on him and the Evel Knieval Stunt Cycle was especially popular in 1974. I probably had both of these myself. 16 Kidsville News! www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals December 2021

TM Ekklesia Preschool & Child Development Center Muscle Shoals Location The View New 103 BROAD ST. Student Questionnaire NON-TRADITIONAL HOURS: 4:30AM - 7PM Mail, bring by or email us For More Info: 256-314-1700 YOUR PHOTO & your answers! RegistRation Fee: $85 Alabama 3-5 YRs: Name Ft: $128 Pt: $64 0-3 YRs: High-Quality Full-time: $141 Pre-K student age: Classrooms in Ft: $107 Pt: $53.50 Grade School PaRt-time: $70.50 all locations Ekklesia Day Care Fax # 256-760-9618 Email: [email protected] Ekklesia Preschool Child Center 7:30am-2:30pm 401 W college St. florence Mail: 219 W. Tennessee Street • Florence, AL 35630 3007 HatcH Blvd, SHeffield 256-314-1194 TUITION IS 256-284-7705 What is your favorite...... FREE! Author? EaXHnCdeIyTinIKNtoiGdos4ng-HeetoCofluuobtusr ! Outdoor Activity? Gift you have received? Movie? CANNOT • Sewing • Summer Camp Thing that you did this summer? PRINT • Archery • Shotgun Skeet What does a veterinarian do? • Kayaking • Leadership WITHOUT • Animal Projects • Kid Chef Cooking PHOTO All Youth Ages 9-18 years • Volunteers are welcome! Have you ever adopted a pet from an Animal Shelter? Contact our office at 256-766-6223 or go to Facebook: Lauderdale County 4-H for more info 4-H Membership and Most Clubs are FREE! Have you ever ridden in a convertible car? ttIIhhllooiissvveettoowwnn.. Have you ever met your great-grandparents? What does the word talent mean to you? Do you speak another language? Have you done anything nice for someone lately? Jason Parker, Agent Thanks, Shoals Area. 2506 Avalon Avenue MJaussocnlePSahrokaelrs,,AAgLen3t5661 Thanks, Shoals Area. B2u50s:62A5v6a-3lo8n1-A34ve3n4ue I love being here to help jMasuosnc.lpeaSrkheora.klso, [email protected] iInloavecobmeimnguhneitryewtohheerelp Bus: 256-381-3434 pineaopcloemarmeumniatkyinwghaere dpiefofeprlenacree emvearkyindgaay. [email protected] Tdhifafenrkeynocue efovrerayll dyaoyu. do. Thank you for all you do. Do you like going to the pet store? Do you like to read aloud? MUST HAVE PERMISSION TO PRINT Parent/Guardian Permission I give Kidsville News! permission to print my CHILD’S PHOTO & opinion on any questions listed above. I do realize my child’s first name, school and grade could be printed in this publication. I have enclosed or emailed my CHILD’S PHOTO. Parent/Guardian SIGNATURE Date 2007004 State Farm, Bloomington, IL December 2021 State Farm, Bloomington, IL www.kidsvillenews2.0c0o7m00/4shoals Kidsville News! 17

The TM View Local kids about their opinions let us know.... and favorite things. Do YOU want to be here? Go to page 17 and fill out... YOUR answer The TM View to a Kidsville View question on page 17 YOUR Name School YOUR PHOTO Grade HERE HEMLPay!beTyrouumcaan nhelLpohsimt fHinidsitH&at! WIN A PLUSH MINI- TRUMAN OR PUPPET!* Somewhere in this Kidsville News! is Truman’s small red hat! This hat will not be on Truman. Find only his red hat! Send us the *Subject to form below for a chance to win! availability. Tthhee nnaemxteisosfuteheofwKinidnsevrisllwe iNllebwesi!n Last month’s hat was on page 7. November Winners of a Mini-Truman Sadie Grace Ros Kesleigh Long of Florence of Tuscumbia Pick yours up at the Courier Journal Office 219 W. Tennessee St., Florence Email to [email protected] Or Mail entry to us by Dec. 22 Hat on pg. _________ Your Name Phone mail to: Address Kidsville News! Town 219 W. Tennessee St. School Florence, AL 35630 18 Kidsville News! www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals December 2021

Unique Winter Weather Events: Lake Effect Snow and Nor’easters You may have noticed that clouds and fog have many occur. These additional particles in caused air pollution that creates a the pollutants it contains. things in common, including the atmosphere provide a “seed” for hazy cloud near the ground, similar No matter what type, fog can be a ice crystals to form around during a to normal fog. However, instead of big problem for humans, especially how they look and are made. Clouds freezing fog. Sometimes, the air can being formed through water vapor, when traveling by car or airplane. and fog both form when water vapor be cold enough, but it doesn’t have any smog is formed by pollution. Car Satellites can monitor fog from space condenses or freezes to form tiny other particles. In this case, the water emissions are the most common and provide pilots and drivers with droplets in the air. So, what’s the in the fog becomes “supercooled,” cause of smog, so it is especially assistance, but it is always a good idea difference between clouds and fog? meaning that the water is liquid. Still, common in big cities. Smog is not to be cautious when dealing with fog. As it turns out, altitude has it is colder than the freezing point only a problem for visibility, but it To learn more about weather science, everything to do with it. Clouds can of 32 degrees Fahrenheit. When the can also create health problems due to visit www.weather.gov/jetstream. form at many different altitudes or supercooled water comes into heights in the atmosphere. They can contact with cold surfaces such as be as high as 12 miles above sea level roads and sidewalks, it instantly or as low as the ground. Fog, on the forms a dangerous layer of ice. other hand, is a kind of cloud that only Super fog is another dangerous forms near the ground. Water vapor is type of fog that forms when the in the air all around us, and fog forms smoke from wildfires and the water when the air near the ground cools vapor in the air come together. Like enough to turn water vapor into liquid the freezing fog, smoke provides water or ice. particles for the water vapor to Just as many different types of condense around — the only clouds exist, various kinds of fog can difference is that super fog can occur also form. Ice fog, for example, forms without cold conditions. Super fog when the air near the ground is cold is one of the most dangerous types enough to turn the water vapor in the of fog, as it is so dense that you may fog into ice crystals. This type of fog not even be able to see your hand in only gathers in very cold temperatures, front of your face. This kind of fog common in Alaska and Canada, makes it very hard to drive, as it is for example. challenging to see through. Freezing fog is another kind of What about smog? Is that the fog that involves ice crystals but is same as fog? Smog is a type of different from ice fog. Freezing fog fog, and the name comes from a requires other particles in the air, combination of the terms smoke such as dust or smoke particles, to and fog. It refers to the human- Gee Thanks! Kidsville News!-In- Education Sponsors for helping to provide Kidsville News! to Lauderdale Kids K-6th.  FLORENCE UTILITIES QZVFFHGX December 2021 www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals Kidsville News! 19

EMvuesricy,wMheurseic ‘Tis the Season for Gingerbread Cookies M usic makes the world go around, and just as many different Baked-goods lovers may find it hard to kinds of people exist, so do many unique music styles. Here are imagine the holidays without gin- the top recorded music categories in the world. gerbread, and this recipe for Soft Glazed Gingerbread from Elisabeth M. Prueitt • classical • metal and Chad Robertson’s Tartine (Chronicle • country • oldies Books) deliveries this holiday tradition. • electronic dance music – EDM • pop Soft Glazed • hip-hop • rap Gingerbread • indie rock • rhythm & blues – R&B Yields: 12 TO 20 cookies When cooking, for • jazz • rock Ingredients safety, always get help • k-pop • techno from an adult first. Other than these categories or genres of music, we can also consider DOUGH temperature music from different parts of the world for cultural significance and variety. • 3 3/4 cups all-purpose flour • 3/4 cup plus 2 tablespoons • 1 tablespoon cocoa powder African music varies across the continent but commonly uses drums, • 4 teaspoons ground ginger granulated sugar musical bows, xylophones and rattles. Afrobeats, benga, chimurenga and • 1 1/2 teaspoons ground cloves • 1 large egg ethio-jazz are four examples of African music styles. • 2 teaspoons ground cinnamon • 1/2 cup blackstrap or other • 1/2 teaspoon baking soda Asian music includes flutes and pipes, drums and stringed instruments • 1 teaspoon salt dark molasses and can be traditional or modern pop. Check out baila, bollywood, Chinese • 1 1/4 teaspoon freshly ground • 2 tablespoons light corn syrup Glaze folk or conventional Chinese black pepper • 1 cup confectioners’ sugar opera to sample Asian music. • 1 cup unsalted butter, at room • 2 tablespoons water Caribbean music mixes Instructions African and European music styles using popular drums, • Stir together the flour, cocoa powder, other percussion instruments and ginger, cloves, cinnamon, baking soda, different types of guitars. Dance salt and pepper in a mixing bowl to make and music go hand-in-hand. Have the dough. Set aside. Using a stand mixer you heard of calypso, dancehall, fitted with the paddle attachment, beat the mambo, merengue or reggae, all butter on medium-high speed until creamy. genres of Caribbean music? Slowly add the granulated sugar and mix on Traditional European music is mostly classical; many classical medium speed until the mixture is completely musicians were from Europe. To see if you like this style, you can listen to smooth and soft. Stop the mixer and scrape acapella, Celtic chant, drum & bass, Euro-disco or flamenco. down the sides of the bowl with a rubber Latin American and South American music is popular and upbeat, spatula as needed. Add the egg and mix well. heavily influenced by various cultures and complex rhythms. Bachata, • Add the molasses and corn syrup and beat balada, bossa nova and more fall in this category. until incorporated. Stop the mixer again and Traditional American music and Canadian music features drums scrape down the sides of the bowl. Add the flour and simple instruments used by Native tribes. Modern American music mixture and beat on low speed until a dough has influences from a variety of cultures. American and Canadian music forms that pulls away from the sides of the bowl types are American folk, bluegrass, blues, Canadian folk, gospel and swing. and all the ingredients are well incorporated. What music do you like? Remove the dough from the bowl, flatten it on a large piece of plastic wrap into a rectangle about 1 inch thick, cover the dough with the plastic wrap, and refrigerate overnight. Days to Remember in DECEMBER • Heat the oven to 350 degrees Fahrenheit. Line a baking sheet with parchment paper or a nonstick liner. Unwrap the dough and place it on a floured work surface. If using Dec. 5 The birthday of Walt Disney in 1901 in Chicago, Illinois. As a a plaque with a design, roll out the dough 1/3-inch thick, lightly dust the top with little boy, he liked to draw farm animals and eventually found a job as an flour, press your cookie molds over the dough and then cut out the shapes with a small artist. He is most known for his films and parks, Disneyland in California knife and place them on the prepared baking sheet, spacing them about 1 inch apart. and Disney World in Florida. Alternatively, using the mold as a guide, cut around it with a small knife, flip the mold over so the design is facing you, and place the dough over it, pressing it into the design. Dec. 7, 1941 The U.S. Naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, was attacked Unmold the shapes onto the prepared baking sheet, leaving about 1 inch between them. by nearly 200 Japanese aircraft in a raid that lasted just over one hour and • If using a patterned rolling pin, lightly dust the lined baking sheet with flour and left nearly 3,000 Americans dead. transfer the dough to the pan. Lightly dust the top of the dough with flour and roll it into a rectangle about 1/3-inch thick with a plain pin. Then, roll over the dough with Dec. 16, 1773 The Boston Tea Party occurred as colonial activists enough pressure to ensure a clear impression of the design using the patterned pin. Trim disguised as Mohawk Indians boarded British ships anchored in Boston the sides with a small knife. It is not necessary to cut into smaller sizes before baking. Harbor and dumped 342 containers of expensive tea into the water. • Bake the cookies until lightly golden along the sides but still soft to the center’s touch for 7 to 15 minutes. The timing will depend on the size of the individual cookies Dec. 17, 1903 After three years of experimentation, Orville and Wilbur or if you have made a single large patterned piece that will be cut after baking. Wright achieved the first powered, controlled airplane flights. They made • While the cookies are baking, prepare the glaze. In a small bowl, four flights near Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, the longest lasting about a whisk together the confectioners’ sugar and water until smooth. minute. • When the cookies are ready, remove them from the oven and let cool in the pan on a wire rack for about 10 minutes. Then, while the cookies are still warm, using even Dec. 25 Christmas Day, commemorating the birth of Jesus of Nazareth. strokes, brush a light coat of glaze on the top of each cookie, evenly covering it. Let Although the exact date of his birth is not known, it has been celebrated on the cookies cool completely. When the glaze dries, it should leave a shiny, opaque this day by the Roman Catholic Church and Christians around the world finish. If you have used a patterned pin to make a single large plaque, cut it into the since 336 A.D. desired sizes with a small, very sharp knife. The cookies will keep in an airtight container in a cool place for about 2 weeks. They do not freeze well, however, as the glaze becomes watery when they are thawed. 20 Kidsville News! www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals December 2021

This Page Brought To You By A Section Especially for Parents IttotI'ostg'sDigveiDevceeetcmoteomtbhetbhere,ekra,ikndiadddndotdohs setinhihneyooyhliuoodrulaidrlyiafsleiyfae.sr.FeaoFrnreoemranmorelrayoerrulebypobouoonpkoosuknsst.hutHash.tearmtHeemaarkeraeekaegarregfeeraaewtafgetswiufggtisfsgt,usevg,sisgtviietoissnittsioonfsgorfeagtrebaotobkosoks ReRaedaKdKididddooRReeaadd.c.coomm. BEGINNER READS FBToThyFBroehyJraeeLJrgiaeroeLygrnsirePoy2&sinn-8P2tkhi&-nn8eektyMnheeoyuMseouse IMBIMBlllyyluyyuIssIoVtVotrnernaeaaratyrteOyedFOdpiFrpbiseiibyterysRMtoRosMoethsmoeetamrhrGyaeorrWyoGesWelolseolslse FFoorr aaggeess22-6-6 PAGETURNERS tFoWhityfFhlhehloieaileanlaubilntgdria'bogsctalnokehhct,ffeehckti.aotelfsocvrWlooefeoironyvrkhoneteiaann,srncttgog'idastcvlsanayoethdnoer?vecuyeiTyis'nerluolotlsgruhiossn'eeokgltlteiflnmhaof:sgentaeaocesbamis:nyitrvo?gaoaeuswTosrhbnuifelrvfreoaenftwdto.tno WWhhiillee tthheerreeaarreeloloaadds sofowf wonodnedrefurfluMl other ..- mmouosuesesitstiitntginognoanbarabnrcahnicnhthine tyheelloywellow GMooothseercoGlloeoctsieoncsoolluetcttihoenrse,otuhtistohveerers,iztehdis bovoeorkswizeildl qbuoicokklywbiellcoqmuieckalyhobmeceoamned a ggrarsass.sN. oNtiocteicwehwath'satm'sissminisgs?inTgh?erTeh'senroe'tsitnleo chloamssreooamndtrcelassusreoowmithtrietsa6s8urweewll-itch oistsen otritaleuthoor raounthtohre ofnronthteorfrtohnetboarckthceovbear.cIkn v6e8rsweselal-ncdhposeersnonvaebrlseesenatnodurapgeersoofntaybpliecal Picnokvneery. 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HHoouuseseofoRfoRbootbsots BByyJaJammesesPaPttaetrtseornson EBFEBFosyoyscrCracaCphaagherpgeirseefsisrsG8ofrGrm8aaornbaamMdenbndreu.sMnptLueserp.timneLionenmceollon'cseLlilbor'asryLibrary aanndd CChhrirsisGrGarbaebnesntesitnein KKyyleleKKeeeeleleyyisnis'nt 'mt mucuhchofoaf raeardeeard.eHr.e'sHme'sore IIlllulusstrtarateteddbybyJuJliualniaanNaeNufeeulfdeld imntooregaimnteos.gBaomaerds.gBaomaersd, vgiadmeoesg,amvideseo- you FFoorraaggees s8-81-212 ngaammeeist.-Espyeocuianllaymtheeibt.rilElisapnetcwiaollryldthoef Luigi Lbermilloiannctelwloo'srlIdmoafgiLnuaigtiioLneFmacotnocrey,llwo'hsich ADVANCED READS SSaammmmy yHaHyaeys-eRso-dRroigduriegzuehzashaaspraetptyretty cIomnatigniunoautisolyn pFuatcstouryt,thwehbicehstcgoanmtineus oeuveslry. inintteerreesstitninggfafammiliyl.yH. iHs ifsatfhaethr ewrrwiteristegsraphic Wpuitths aouwtotnhdeerbfeusltcogmambiensateivoenr.ofWaidthveanture, ngorvaeplhs iacnndohvieslms,oatnhderhisisanmeoxtpheerrt isinan hwuomnodrearfnudl acohmobdigneaptoiodngeofoaf dfuvnenftaucrtes,,Ehscuampeor reoxbpoetricts.inSamrombyothicass.aScalomsemryelahtaisonashcilpose farondm aMhr.oLdegmeopnocdeglelo'osfLfiubnrafraycitssm, Eeascnatptoe bfreom wreitlahthioisnssihstiperwMitahddhiise,swishteorhMasaadndiiem, mwuhnoity eMnrj.oyLeedmboynkceidllsoa'sndLiabdraurltys iaslikmee, antdtwo ibllebe ihssauseaanndimisnm'tuanbitlye tisosauteteannddscishno'tola. bAlelsoto, feonrjyoeyaerds tboycokimdse.aAnldluasidounlststoaloikthe,eragnrdeawtill be tKfaewahihnintadoehdtdgsueaHtneoswthaedurieylltylesiHswbsca-aehhRfwyuoaoeelaotdalsli-hrg.tRoiiaegnofAprudgllrpsyerooezitabg,nhwhousetotehansuzies.etseifxenHaKqtgmiaiutsdoyteifslheuylSe.slwatl-osmoRiellfomqfirdubnyoree,dbilEgotouotues.zt cfhoirldyreeanr'ss btooockosmpero. vAidlleusnioicnessetoguoetshfeorrgbroeoakts FBTTBFohyoyhreMreaMBaagoBagreokresokukso1usT3ks1Zh3auiTZenshauafdnksieudapfkup tcohriledardenn'esxbt.ooks provide nice segues for books to read next. 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RWeaadreIrIs aanred gtohieng ccoonntteanint tsoomweaticnhapopurtofporri.ate language tand toHomloeceatussotm. eRheeardoeicrschaarreacgtoeirns,gantod smoemeet content to watch out for. osfotmhoesehhereoroicescharaerna'cttgeorsin, gatnodmsaokmeeit.oIft's htIaht'rosdshteoarhldeetrtotoheeslemtargtehone. 'mt going to make it. go. Kidsville News Inc., TrumanKaidnsdvilJleaNmeewss,PTaruttmearsnoann’ds JRamEAesDPKaItDteDrsOoRn'Es AREDA.CDKOIMDDaOrReEpAlDe.aCsOeMd atroe ppaleratsneedr toon p A R E NTO W N this page to phaerltpneyrooun dthisiscpoavgeer tboohoeklpsytohuatdiksicdosveyrobuoolokvsethaartethseukriedstoyoluovloev.e are sure to love. Kidsville News! 21 December 2021 www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals

Bridges “Science can amuse and fascinate us all, but it is engineering that changes the world.” Bridges are built for utility, not beauty. Yet they - Isaac Asimov – can be some of the most beautiful structures created by © 2021 Dr. David R. Curott, UNA Professor Emeritus mankind. Bridges are used to span (cross) rivers, roads, obstacles of all sorts. The first bridges were probably logs thrown over a stream. During ancient times, the Romans built incredible stone arches and bridges and they developed concrete engineering to the point that they were able to cross long valleys with enormous aqueducts to carry water from the mountains to the cities. Every long bridge is different because the requirements of the local terrain are usually unique. Most bridges fall under one of four styles: beam, arch, cantilever, and suspension type. The log bridge was the first kind of beam bridge. Beams are horizontal roadbeds supported by supports at the ends. Notice this railroad bridge is supported by numerous piers over the stream. Spans of beam bridges are not very long. The arch bridge uses an arch to transfer the downward central forces to the side abutments. The Roman arch, shown earlier, is a good example. A cantilever bridge balances the loads on each pier. Notice, the central thin section rests on the cantilevered ends of each span. Due to the high cost of construction, cantilevers are no longer being built. We find many Truss Bridges crossing streams in Alabama. The local “Ghost Bridge” was one such. Newer bridges using stayed cables are works of art. 22 Kidsville News! www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals December 2021

ANSWERS Christmas Ornament The Joyful Noise of Birdsong 1. Wild Turkey 2. Crow 3. Bluebird 4. Cardinal 5. Chickadee 6. Robin 7. Owl 8. Bluebird Knowledge Excellent Service, Expert Advice Power 1909 Florence Blvd., Florence, AL 35630 Answers: 1. B (across from Hobby Lobby) 2. B 3. C 256-767-3337 4. D www.ExcelAL.com 5. C 6. D Mike Randall, REALTOR® MATHTIME 2. (14 books; two books) Associate Broker 256.366.9779 1. Rotate 90 degrees Students need to understand that [email protected] one symbol (book) represents mikerandallhomes.com Or two books read. The use of the pictograph is another addition to the types of graphs students will encounter in the organization and display of data. What’s the Difference? Di erences - Colors Of: 1) Background Circle 2) Belt 3) Boots 4) Pizza Pan 5) Trim On Clothing, Hat & Boots Green; 6) Slice Of Pizza Di erent 7) Eyebrows Gone 8) Heat Coming O Pizza Di erent December 2021 www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals Kidsville News! 23

Here are a few tips to keep your holiday season happy AND healthy! Practice toy safety • Don’t ride on your new bike, skateboard, etc. without adult supervision and proper safety gear! • Don’t charge batteries or devices! Let a grown-up do it for you! • Be careful with Nerf guns or darts. Don’t aim towards the face! • Make sure your parents throw away all plastic wrappings from your new toys. Stay warm • Dress warmly in several layers of loose-fitting clothing! Practice healthy eating habits • Even with all of the good food at the holidays, it’s important to eat healthy. Don’t overeat! • Be active! Get out and play with those new toys to burn off some calories! Have a Great Holiday Season! 342 Cox Blvd. • Sheffield • 256-383-4473 • shoalsprimarycarellc.com With Medical Offices throughout the Shoals area 24 Kidsville News! www.kidsvillenews.com/shoals December 2021