Colton H - Final Project

Ideologies of the World Past & Present Colton Howe Spruce Grove Composite High School Final Assignment Grade 12

Collectivism Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-78) wrote an essay called The Social Contract where he discussed the idea of people giving up their self interest and follow the collective will of society. This became the foundation of collectivism, socialism and communism. An early example of collectivism is Indigenous people. Where they work for the greater good of the community where the wealth was shared. However, as time went on many people were not satisfied with this arrangement and workers felt they were getting an unfair share of wealth and workers were working in dangerous conditions, overcrowding, and health effects.

Collectivism Communism ● structured on the idea of common ownership of production and absence of social classes, money, and the state ● Communism is a form of socialism ● Private property does not exist ● Mao Zedong is a leader know to rule China ● Government has complete control over the people and property “ The theory of Communism may be summed up in one sentence: Abolish all private property.” ~ Karl Marx

Collectivism Marxism ● Karl Marx (1848) wrote the The Communist Manifesto. ● He believed that workers could take collective control of industry and property and they would be able to have a “classless” society. ● Marx believed that the property would be shared for the “common good” not just for a few ● Began to develop during the French Revolution ● Believed that everyone would live in socially equal, without class distinctions, family structures, religion or property and that the state would slowly go away. “Democracy is the road to socialism ~ Karl Marx

Communism ● In Russia, most people were unable to support themselves with low wages and long hours. ● Marx used this struggle to send his ideology across Russia gaining a lot of support from the middle and lower classes ● helped people with a classless society where everyone worked together for the ultimate good ● Centrally planned economy ● Joseph Stalin is a good example of what happens someone in power is given unlimited power over a communist dictatorship. ● Stalin had power over everyone else and he could do whatever he wanted without punishment. “How do you tell a communist? Well, it’s someone who reads Marx and Lenin. And how do you tell an anti-communist? It’s someone who understands Marx and Lenin.” ~ Ronald Regan

Communism Today ● Communism today is not as commonly accepted policy as it used to be ● Cuba is one out of few nations that still practice communism today ● Cuba is quite unsettled right now as their supreme leader Fidel Castro passed away. ● Cuban communism has been proven to bring some good aspects like health care and education ● Many Cubans live with no money and cannot afford necessities ● The former leader was Fidel Castro and the current leader is Miguel Diaz Canel. “Revolution is not a bed of roses, A revolution is a struggle between the future and the past” Fidel Castro

Utopian Socialism ● The ideology that smaller communities can be made where everybody's needs are accomplished through working and living as a collective. ● Providing basic needs and benefits to workers at his textile plant such as good wages,education,health care and child care that his employees would be more productive. ● Robert Owen was an early pioneer of Utopian Socialism in New Lanark, Scotland. “To train and educate the rising generation will at all times be the first object of society, to which every other will be subordinate.” Robert Owen.

Democratic Socialism ● A government with a collectively owned economy planned by the government ● Iceland remains of the few countries still under Democratic Socialism ● Icelandic people are free to vote, but the economy is collectively owned ● Iceland is a welfare state that gives great healthcare and education to its citizens ● Gudni Johannesson is the current leader of Iceland “Democratic socialism means that we must create an economy that works for all, not just the very wealthy.” ~ Bernie Sanders

Liberalism ● Is the idea that change is welcomed and that men should be free and independent to compete ● Modern liberalism is a democratic government, that is there to help with social programs through taxes in a mixed economy ● Citizens are free to vote and to chase their dreams but also have the government to help them and make the main decisions. ● John Locke was a Liberal Leader “To anger a conservative, lie to him. To anger a liberal, tell him the truth.”~ Theodore Roosevelt

Modern Liberalism ● Liberalism is found mainly in the western world and is one of the main parties in Canada ● Liberalism in Canada consists of a mixed economy where individuals are free to start businesses and compete against others to provide consumers with the best product for the best price ● The Canadian government also provides some businesses and services ● Justin Trudeau is the Leader of the Federal Liberal Party of Canada “ Government’s first duty is to protect the people, not ruin their lives.” ~ Ronald Reagan

Individualism Conservatism ● Believes in personal responsibility ● Limited government involvement ● Strong national defence ● Initially originated in 1818 when the French wanted to roll back policies of the French Revolution. ● It is based on tradition or status quo ● Stephen Harper and Winston Churchill were both Conservative leaders “We contend that for a nation to try to tax itself into prosperity is like a man standing in a bucket trying to lift himself up by the handle.” ~ Winston Churchill

Conservatism Capitalism ● Deregulation ● Privatization of state owned companies ● Reducing the power of trade unions ● United Kingdom is a country of Conservative Capitalism ● Margaret Thatcher was the first female Prime Minister of United Kingdom she was also known as “Iron Lady” “A man’s right to work as he will, to spend what he earns, to own property, to have the state as servant and not as master, they are the essence of a free economy, and on that freedom all our other freedoms depend.”~ Margaret Thatcher

Conservatism Classic Liberalism ● A variant of Liberalism, combining both Conservative and Liberal stances ● More positive less radical variant of liberalism ● Australia is a country with Conservative LIberal stances ● Scott Morrison is the Prime Minister of Australia “Never despair but if you do, work on in despair” ~ Edmund Burke

Individualism Fascism ● The country's power is held by one ruler where they are totalitarian and authoritarian. ● After the fall of the Kaiser in Germany the people were left with a country in shambles and no leader ● After the Treaty of Versailles, Germany was upset with the deal they were given ● Adolf Hitler was a fascist leader ● The government uses violence to stop anyone who disagrees ● Mussolini was the creator of fascism in Italy in the late 1910’s. ● Mussolini (Italy), Hitler(Germany) and Franco(Spain) were all fascist rulers. ● Fascism was almost obsolete after WWII, however many countries have fascist sympathizers today. “ Fascism should rightly be called Corporatism, as it is the merger of corporate and government power.” ~ Benito Mussolini