hiraya

HHIIRRAAYYAA PASCASIO • TABAGO • VIERNES

Table of CONTENTS HHIIRRAAYYAA PASCASIO • TABAGO • VIERNES

HHIIRRAAYYAA PASCASIO • TABAGO • VIERNES

Get to Know the AUTHORS Kirk Tyro I. Pascasio is a 19-year-old freshman from the Far Eastern University-Manila undertaking the course of BS Psychology, He graduated at Bethany Christian School of Tarlac Inc. during his Junior and Senior High School while obtaining rank 2 in overall out of 48 students in his batch. He was awarded with High honors and Best Writer of the year. Other than this, he loves training dynamic and resistance exercises. Sofia Ann Marie G. Tabago is an eighteen-year-old first year student, taking up Bachelor of Science in Psychology at Far Eastern University-Manila. She graduated from Junior High School as the batch Valedictorian at Bethany Christian School of Tarlac, and graduated from the academic track HUMSS at Saint Louis University. She takes joy in reading and travelling. HHIIRRAAYYAA

05 Module 2: HIRAYA Perceptions on Science and Technology Anthropogenic climate change refers to human-caused changes to the Earth's climate, whereas natural climate change refers to the natural climate cycles that have occurred and continue to occur throughout Earth's history. The amount of fossil fuels burned, aerosol emissions, and land alteration from agriculture and deforestation are all directly related to human-caused climate change. Temperatures and climate influences skyrocket at the start of the Industrial Revolution. The combustion of fossil fuels results in the release of a greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide, which traps heat. Although climate change is commonly associated with global warming, some small areas, such as the tropical Pacific, show that the release of aerosols into the atmosphere has cooled the area (or at least warmed much slower than the rest of the world). Anthropogenic climate change is causing overall rising sea levels, temperature increase, melting ice caps and glaciers, increased catastrophic events such as hurricanes becoming stronger, and ocean acidification. Natural vs anthropogenic climate change - Energy Education. (2018). Energy Education. https://energyeducation.ca/encyclopedia/Natural_vs_anthropogenic_climate_change#:%7E:text=Anthropogenic %20climate%20change%20is%20defined,to%20occur%20throughout%20Earth’s%20history.

HIRAYA06 Module 2: Perceptions on Science and Technology Blockchain technology is a method of storing data in such a way that it is difficult or impossible to alter, hack, or defraud the system. A blockchain is simply a distributed digital ledger of transactions that is replicated and distributed across the blockchain's complete network of computer systems. Each block on the chain contains a number of transactions, and whenever a new transaction occurs on the blockchain, a record of the transaction is added to the ledger of each participant. Distributed Ledger Technology is a term that refers to a decentralized database that is administered by various people (DLT). What Is Blockchain Technology? How Does It Work? | Built In. (n.d.). Built In. Retrieved October 10, 2021, from https://builtin.com/blockchain

07 HIRAYA Module 1: Introduction to Science, Technology, and Society Circumnavigation is the process of circumnavigating an entire island, continent, or celestial body. The Magellan-Elcano expedition circumnavigated the Earth for the first time in 1519, departing from Seville, Spain and returning in 1522 after crossing the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans. Magellan's voyage, which was almost unimaginably difficult and perilous for the crew, marked the beginning of the growth of global trade and globalization that defines our world today. Additionally, it contributed significant scientific discoveries, such as increased knowledge of the earth's circumference and new understandings of global time. The First Circumnavigation of the Globe. (n.d.). Library of Congress. Retrieved October 10, 2021, from https://www.loc.gov/rr/hispanic/portam/first.html

HIRAYA08 Module 2: Perceptions on Science and Technology The term \"digitalization\" refers to the process of enabling or upgrading processes through the use of digital technologies and digitized data. As a result, digitalization implies digitization. This could be as straightforward as PLC logic or PID control in a microprocessor-based system, sequenced logic for batch processing, or automated shutdown logic, among other things. It could also be something more technical, such as a transmitter fault that generates a work order for a maintenance tech in the ERP maintenance system. Digitalization boosts efficiency and output while lowering expenses. Moreover, digitalization enhances existing business processes without altering or transforming them. That is, it converts a system from a human-driven event or occurrence to a software-driven event. Gupta, M. S. (2020, March 24). What is Digitization, Digitalization, and Digital Transformation? ARC Advisory Group. https://www.arcweb.com/blog/what-digitization-digitalization-digital- transformation

09 HIRAYA Module 1: Introduction to Science, Technology, and Society Epistemic relativism is the belief that knowledge is only legitimate in the context of a particular community, culture, or individual. The debate over epistemic relativism is one of the most important in epistemology because it concerns our understanding of concepts such as 'justification' and 'good reason. Epistemic relativism is often characterized as the belief that there are multiple sets of epistemic justification standards, that it is impossible to establish that your set of standards is better to any other standard, and that knowledge claims are validated solely in relation to such sets Davis, J. (2014, October 19). Epistemic Relativism: A Constructive Critique. Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews. https://ndpr.nd.edu/reviews/epistemic-relativism-a-constructive-critique/

HIRAYA10 Module 1: Introduction to Science, Technology, and Society Karl Popper felt that scientific knowledge is provisional - that what we have at the present is the best we can do. Karl Popper's Falsification Principle is a technique of distinguishing science from non-science. It implies that in order for a theory to be deemed scientific, it must be testable and perhaps proven erroneous. According to Popper's falsificationist technique, scientific theories are defined by the presence of predictions that future observations may reveal to be erroneous. When theories are refuted by such findings, scientists can respond by modifying the theory, rejecting it in favor of a rival, or preserving the theory in its current form but changing an auxiliary premise. In either scenario, the goal of this procedure must be to generate new falsifiable predictions. Shea, B. (n.d.). Popper, Karl: Philosophy of Science | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Internet Encyclopedia of Philisophy. Retrieved October 10, 2021, from https://iep.utm.edu/pop-sci/

11 HIRAYA Module 2: Perceptions on Science and Technology A gig economy is a free and global market in which businesses and contractors (independent workers) establish flexible and skill-based professional interactions on a short-term and on- demand basis. A gig economy is a free market system in which firms engage independent workers for relatively brief commitments. The phrase \"gig\" is a colloquial term for a temporary work; it is frequently used by artists. In other terms, digital platforms such as Upwork or Fiverr have enabled a large number of freelancers (or those with a full-time job looking for additional income) to showcase their skillset. On the other side, firms can choose from a global pool of specialist personnel. This enables them to acquire pricey abilities on a temporary basis or to incur cheap recruitment and selection costs due to the wide pool of candidates available. In the workforce, gig employees may take the form of freelancers, independent contractors, project-based workers, and temporary or part-time personnel. youmatter. (2020, February 10). Gig Economy - What Is It? Definition, Examples And Future. https://youmatter.world/en/definition/gig-economy-definition-examples-future/

HIRAYA12 Module 1: Introduction to Science, Technology, and Society Homo sapiens (Latin for \"wise man\") is the species wherein all modern humans belong. Homo sapiens is one of several species classified as Homo, as it is the only one that is not extinct. Unlike all other human species, Homo sapiens lacks a true type specimen. In other words, no specific Homo sapiens individual has been identified by researchers as the specimen that gave Homo sapiens its name. Not only did prehistoric Homo sapiens create and use stone tools, but they also specialized them, creating a variety of smaller, more complex, refined, and specialized tools such as composite stone tools, fishhooks and harpoons, bows and arrows, spear throwers, and sewing needles. Tattersall, I. (n.d.). Homo sapiens | Meaning, Characteristics, & First Appearance. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved October 10, 2021, from https://www.britannica.com/topic/Homo-sapiens

13 HIRAYA Module 2: Perceptions on Science and Technology Karl Popper proposed the principle of falsification, with which science can be separated from non-science. He suggests that to be considered scientific, a theory can be proven and possibly proven false. For example, the hypothesis \"all swans are white\" can be falsified by observing a black swan. Popper's first great contribution to philosophy was his novel solution to the problem of the delimitation of science. According to the traditional view, science, actually so called, is characterized by its inductive method, by its characteristic use of observation and experimentation as opposed to purely logical analysis to determine its results. Therfore, Popper asserts that something must be falsifiable to be considered a science. This does not mean that it is wrong, but if it is wrong, it can be shown to be wrong through observation and experimentation. On the other hand, there are theories that cannot be proven to be false (\"falsifiable\") and, therefore, cannot be seen as legitimate scientific theories but as \"pseudoscience\". De’, R., Pandey, N., & Pal, A. (2020). Impact of digital surge during Covid-19 pandemic: A viewpoint on research and practice. International Journal of Information Management, 55, 102171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102171

HIRAYA14 Module 1: Introduction to Science, Technology, and Society Justice, by definition, promotes a just society by challenging injustices and valuing diversity (Hageyt 2016) The rise of the scientific revolution centuries ago gave rise to the concept of justice. As people who have been given power through the use of science and technology, we now wonder whether the use of such power is justified for our society. For example, the invention of weapons. These inventions threatened the lives of many people during the World War. If harm is done in any way, the concept of justice is violated. Therefore, there must be a concurrence between the application of science and the continuity of justice in the society. Without the other, the development of world peace and sustainability would not be possible. Moreover, science could be a great help in providing evidences when seeking justice, It provides a means by which all aspects of the application of science to legal procedures can be tested, debated and promoted internationally through high-quality peer-reviewed publications. It promotes academic and original research on all topics of interest to the forensic and forensic communities, as well as the criminal justice sector. tone tools, but they also specialized them, creating a variety of smaller, more complex, refined, and specialized tools such as composite stone tools, fishhooks and harpoons, bows and arrows, spear throwers, and sewing needles. Daño, N., Prato, S. Editorial: The Real Technology Revolution: Technology Justice. Development 62, 1–4 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41301-019-00230-3

15 HIRAYA Module 2: Perceptions on Science and Technology Karl Popper proposed the principle of falsification, with which science can be separated from non- science. He suggests that to be considered scientific, a theory can be proven and possibly proven false. For example, the hypothesis \"all swans are white\" can be falsified by observing a black swan. Popper's first great contribution to philosophy was his novel solution to the problem of the delimitation of science. According to the traditional view, science, actually so called, is characterized by its inductive method, by its characteristic use of observation and experimentation as opposed to purely logical analysis to determine its results. Therfore, Popper asserts that something must be falsifiable to be considered a science. This does not mean that it is wrong, but if it is wrong, it can be shown to be wrong through observation and experimentation. On the other hand, there are theories that cannot be proven to be false (\"falsifiable\") and, therefore, cannot be seen as legitimate scientific theories but as \"pseudoscience\". Mcleod, S. (2021). Karl Popper - Theory of Falsification | Simply Psychology. Simplypsychology.org. Retrieved 10 October 2021, from https://www.simplypsychology.org/Karl-Popper.html.

HIRAYA16 Module 1: Introduction to Science, Technology, and Society Life, by definition, is the ability to grow, change, etc. that separates plants and animals from things like water or rocks; the period in which a person lives. The advent of the scientific revolution provides the concept of how people's lives are evolving. Basic knowledge of science is mandatory for everyone as it makes life easier and opens our minds in many ways. It takes decades, if not centuries, to put this basic knowledge into practice. But once we have the knowledge and we have created the apps, life without them is hard to imagine. Imagine a world where we didn't know anything about X-rays and couldn't see broken bones on a doctor's screen to heal the wounded. Not all science has immediate results. Some sciences discover what we call basic knowledge. It is the knowledge of how our universe works. Not even in the way molecules interact, but in the way they are formed. Basic knowledge is important because it shows us how protons and neutrons are formed. This shows us if our theories about gravity are correct. It helps us understand how light waves (or radiation) interact with our bodies. Weaver, W. (2009). WHY IS SCIENCE IMPORTANT?*. Nutrition Reviews, 19(3), 65-68. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.1961.tb01890.x

17 HIRAYA Module 2: Perceptions on Science and Technology Karl Popper proposed the principle of falsification, with which science can be separated from non- science. He suggests that to be considered scientific, a theory can be proven and possibly proven false. For example, the hypothesis \"all swans are white\" can be falsified by observing a black swan. Popper's first great contribution to philosophy was his novel solution to the problem of the delimitation of science. According to the traditional view, science, actually so called, is characterized by its inductive method, by its characteristic use of observation and experimentation as opposed to purely logical analysis to determine its results. Therfore, Popper asserts that something must be falsifiable to be considered a science. This does not mean that it is wrong, but if it is wrong, it can be shown to be wrong through observation and experimentation. On the other hand, there are theories that cannot be proven to be false (\"falsifiable\") and, therefore, cannot be seen as legitimate scientific theories but as \"pseudoscience\". Mcleod, S. (2021). Karl Popper - Theory of Falsification | Simply Psychology. Simplypsychology.org. Retrieved 10 October 2021, from https://www.simplypsychology.org/Karl-Popper.html.

HIRAYA18 Module 1: Introduction to Science, Technology, and Society A nation is a community of people formed on the basis of a combination of common characteristics such as language, history, ethnicity, culture and / or territory. A nation is, therefore, the collective identity of a group of people that is defined by these characteristics. A nation is generally more politically open than an ethnic group. Modernization in all areas of life is the best example of the implementation of science and technology in all nations. With the introduction of modern devices in all areas of life, life has become easy and this is only possible through the joint implementation of science and technology. Without modern equipment in all areas, be it in medicine, infrastructure, aviation, electricity, information technology or other areas, the progress and benefits that we face today would not have been possible. Therefore, A nation that is unable to prosper for these reasons could never sustain life there and may depend solely on other nations for its basic needs. This is the influence of science and technology on the development of a nation. Importance of Science and Technology in National Development – Essay. Your Article Library. (2021). Retrieved 10 October 2021, from https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/technology/importance-of- science-and-technology-in-national-development-essay/8563.

19 HIRAYA Module 1: Introduction to Science, Technology, and Society Human exploitation of the earth's resources has come under increasing scrutiny in recent years as concernsabout biodiversity loss, climate change, hunger, disease, poverty and overall capacity have grown. of the land to sustain human occupation. With the increase in population, there was a greater burden on the environment, as humans increasingly penetrated undeveloped lands, leading to deforestation and habitat destruction and the displacement of countless species in the process. This process becomes even more pronounced with increasing population growth and even more so in developed countries, where the demands of citizens are increasingly moving away from the basic necessities of life. The Science of Overpopulation - The Scientific Student. The Scientific Student. (2021). Retrieved 10 October 2021, from https://www.thescientificstudent.com/science-overpopulation/.

HIRAYA20 Module 1: Introduction to Science, Technology, and Society Pharmacology is the scientific study of the effects of drugs and chemicals on living organisms, where a drug can be broadly defined as any chemical, natural or synthetic, that affects a biological system. Pharmacology may include the management of drugs by organisms, the identification and validation of new targets for drug effects, and the design and development of new drugs for the prevention, treatment, and cure of disease. The work of pharmacologists in industry also addresses the extensive testing that must be performed before promising new drugs can be introduced into medical use. Detailed observations of the effects of a drug on all systems and organs of laboratory animals are necessary before the physician can accurately predict both the drug's effects in patients and its potential toxicity to humans in general. The pharmacologist does not test the effects of drugs on patients himself; this only occurs after extensive animal testing and is usually done by physicians to determine the clinical effectiveness of new drugs. Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2020, June 1). Pharmacology. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/science/pharmacology

21 HIRAYA Module 1: Introduction to Science, Technology, and Society Quality of life (QOL), according to Britannica, it is the degree to which an individual is healthy, comfortable, and able to participate in or enjoy life events. Quality of life from the perspective of humans is the goal of incarnation theory. Until now, research on quality of life has been carried out from the perspective of a paradigmof totality, whereby the human being is not seen as a unified being. The most valuable conclusion from all the research is that quality of life cannot be quantified. It has become clear that health is not just a matter of biology and medical care, but also of behavior, environment and social conditions. Along with this knowledge, new opportunities and important priorities have emerged. Parse R. R. (1994). Quality of life: sciencing and living the art of human becoming. Nursing science quarterly, 7(1), 16–21. https://doi.org/10.1177/089431849400700108

HIRAYA22 Module 2: Perceptions on Science and Technology The resource refers to all the materials available in our environment that help us meet our needs. Resources can be roughly classified according to their availability: they are divided into renewable and non-renewable resources. Both renewable and non-renewable resources and ecosystem services are part of the true wealth of nations. They are natural capital from which other forms of capital are obtained. They contribute to tax revenue, income and poverty reduction. Sectors related to the use of natural resources provide employment and are often the livelihood of poor communities. Due to the fundamental importance of natural resources, they must be managed sustainably. The State plays a fundamental role in the implementation of policies that ensure that resources contribute to the long-term economic development of nations,not only to the generation of income in the short term. High-quality institutions today and planning for the future can turn the so-called \"resource curse\" into an opportunity. THE ECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE OF NATURAL RESOURCES: KEY POINTS FOR REFORMERS IN EASTERN EUROPE, CAUCASUS AND CENTRAL ASIA. Oecd.org. (2021). Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/env/outreach/2011_AB_Economic%20significance%20of%20NR%20in%20EECCA_ENG.pdf.

23 HIRAYA Module 1: Introduction to Science, Technology, and Society Science can be thought of as both a body of knowledge (the things we have already discovered), and the process of acquiring new knowledge (through observation and experimentation—testing and hypothesizing). The most interesting thing about science is that it’s never finished. Every discovery leads to more questions, new mysteries, to something else that needs explaining. It’s a case of ‘the more we know, the more we know we know nothing at all. Carruthers, T. (2019, September 19). What is science? Curious. Retrieved October 10, 2021, from https://www.science.org.au/curious/people-medicine/what-science.

HIRAYA24 Module 1: Introduction to Science, Technology, and Society Technology is the use of scientific knowledge for practical purposes or applications, whether in industry or in our everyday lives. So, basically, whenever we use our scientific knowledge to achieve some specific purpose, we're using technology. Well, there is slightly more to it than that. Technology usually involves a specific piece of equipment, but that equipment can be incredibly simple or dazzlingly complex. It can be anything from the discovery of the wheel, all the way up to computers and MP3 players. Take online courses. earn college credit. Research Schools, Degrees & Careers. Study.com | Take Online Courses. Earn College Credit. Research Schools, Degrees & Careers. (n.d.). Retrieved October 10, 2021, from https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-technology-definition-types.html.

25 HIRAYA Module 1: Introduction to Science, Technology, and Society The universe is everything. It includes all of space, and all the matter and energy that space contains. It even includes time itself and, of course, it includes you. Earth and the Moon are part of the universe, as are the other planets and their many dozens of moons. Along with asteroids and comets, the planets orbit the Sun. The Sun is one among hundreds of billions of stars in the Milky Way galaxy, and most of those stars have their own planets, known as exoplanets. NASA. (2020, December 3). What is the universe? NASA. Retrieved October 10, 2021, from https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/what-is-an-exoplanet/what-is-the-universe/.

HIRAYA26 Module 2: Perceptions on Science and Technology In a democratic society, the value of democracy is important in sustaining the government's and people's authority. The government claims that (n.d.). \"Through a system of checks and balances, the government attempts to act in the best interests of its population.\" The government of the Philippines must serve the people and is defined by the phrase \"of the people, for the people.\" When it comes to achieving justice, the value of democracy is always the goal. Democracy entails the government listening to the needs and desires of the people in order to achieve and give betterment in life. Without respecting democracy, an unstoppable number of new cases of injustice would continue to emerge in various ways, thereby depreciating people's lives. benign0. (2015, June 18). #democracy in the #philippines is more about big names and less about big ideas. #Democracy in the #Philippines is more about big names and less about big IDEAS. Retrieved October 10, 2021, from https://grpshorts.blogspot.com/2015/06/democracy-in-philippines-is-more-about.html.

27 HIRAYA Module 2: Perceptions on Science and Technology Women's empowerment refers to the strengthening of women's rights and the abolition of gender inequity. In order to achieve equality for everybody, women's empowerment must be equalized with men's power while gender roles are eliminated. \"The majority of women continue to labor in low-wage jobs.\" Without a livable salary and in deplorable working conditions\" (Hivos, n.d.). Science and technology can help to solve the societal issue of female stigma. Many Filipino women continue to be denied their rights just because they are female. This is why, thanks to science and technology, women's advocacy groups such as feminism are on the rise in the Philippines and throughout the world. Women's abuse, sexual harassment, and rape are still prevalent in today's society. Mindset needs to change for women's empowerment. The Sunday Guardian Live. (n.d.). Retrieved October 10, 2021, from https://www.sundayguardianlive.com/opinion/mindset-needs-change-womens-empowerment. -is-an-exoplanet/what-is-the-universe/.

HIRAYA28 Module 2: Perceptions on Science and Technology Xenophobia is defined as a \"fear and loathing of strangers, foreigners, or anything unusual or foreign,\" according to Merriam- Webster (n.d.). The pandemic is currently circulating across the world, resulting in a rise in Covid-19 cases. People are succumbing to xenophobia as a result of Covid-19, ignoring the value of humanity. The phrase 'xenophobia' is a synonym for the term 'prejudice.' For example, the survivors of Covid-19 are despised because of their medical history. This, in turn, undermines the importance of togetherness, separating individuals from a collaborative milleu. Furthermore, science and technology give chances to equalize society's view for others, such as the necessity of swab testing for those suspected of having Covid19. Covid-19: Your voices against stigma and discrimination. Voices of Youth. (n.d.). Retrieved October 10, 2021, from https://www.voicesofyouth.org/covid-19-your-voices-against-stigma- and-discrimination.

29 HIRAYA Module 1: Introduction to Science, Technology, and Society Through his book A Brief History of Humankind Sapiens, Yuval Noah Harari made a significant contribution to the dissemination of knowledge. The book exaggerated the trajectory of scientific revolutions that have defined civilization until this day. It may be deduced from the book's pages that humans are always discovering new things and prospective discoveries that have yet to be found by any human intellect. People's creativity in history has aided in the creation and improvement of things that can be beneficial to the collective and overall development of Science and Technology. Harari also strengthened the causes and effects of history that will continue to define the past, present, and future generations. Goodreads. (1970, January 1). Sapiens: A brief history of humankind by Yuval Noah Harari. Goodreads. Retrieved October 10, 2021, from https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/23692271-sapiens

Filipino citizens, due to injustices they experience, protest for their Damani, A. (2019, January 30). When can something be called the truth?- philosophy. Medium. Retrieved October 10, 2021, from https://blog.ananddamani.com/when-can-something-be-called- the-truth-philosophy-e233ed6776a. objective of perceiving the truth. Different kinds of movement such as the movement for Filipino farmers. Are deprived of justice that articulates the truth. With the goal of truth, having the zeal for truth drives people to fight for what they collect for prime transparency. More often than not, the Philippines government officials abuse their own power for themselves for reasons such as obtaining a luxurious life. This abuse of power undermines the value of ‘’of the people, for the people,’’ which neglects the need for the people to be heard; thus, the abused citizens collect through intensifying the zeal for truth HIRAYA 30 Module 1: Introduction to Science, Technology, and Society

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PASCASIO, Kirk Tyro I. Studying science, technology, and society helps us understand how various knowledge processes originate and expand, as well as how novel technical processes are produced, implemented, and become much more important. We learned about changes in social and cultural interpretations of modern science and technology as they interact with social, political, cultural, and economic development throughout our course. Technology generates new products, new ways of living, and new institutions, whereas science creates new ways of understanding. It isn't often clear how science influences our daily lives, but it does. Science has an impact on innumerable decisions we make every day. Science plays an essential part in our lives, from monitoring our health and well-being to selecting paper over plastic at the grocery store or answering a child's question about why the sky is blue. HHIIRRAA It has several advantages for us, including improving our capacity to ask questions, gather information, organize and test our ideas, solve issues, and apply what we've learned. Furthermore, science provides a strong foundation for growing confidence, improving communication skills, and making sense of the world around us—a world that is increasingly impacted by science and technology. Learning should never stop as it helps us adopt unexpected changes. Science, Technology, and Society helps us acquire new skills that will prevail new opportunities and broadens our understanding.

TABAGO, Sofia Ann Marie G. Modern society relies heavily on technology, knowledge, and science. New practices, new understandings, and new institutions can only be understood if we have a thorough insight into how social, cultural, and material factors interact to produce them. It gives us an understanding of how information is generated and advanced, as well as new technical processes that are being invented, exploited, and becoming increasingly important. Humanities and social science studies of technology and science shed light on how people comprehend and know about technology, science, and knowledge as a whole. Our knowledge of society relies on how social, cultural, and material factors interact to produce new practices and ways of thinking. Having a working grasp of science and technology gives us a better understanding of how new methods of knowledge implementation and innovative technical processes are AAYYAA created. It also sheds light on technological understanding and knowledge, as well as humanities and social science perspectives. Modern science and technology must be understood in the context of social, political, economic, and cultural change if they are to have any impact. Everything is interconnected. Science, at its best, encourages us to embrace the world with both wonder and humility. Its principles are a call to ultimate honesty in our interactions with what we encounter in life. We offer our questions to life and then present our findings as clearly as possible. In this endeavor, we always strive to distinguish between what our answers can and cannot reveal about the world and our place in it.

HHIIRRAAYYAA Henceforth, the progress of science in this context is the growth of its field in our country. Science, regardless of its field, biology, technology and chemistry, has shown that it has made progress in our country over the years. The previous discussion revealed the history of science and how it has progressed and developed through the different phases of our country. Now, through lectures, we have also talked about how science has advanced and helped our country. We are surrounded every day by technology and the products of science. Government policy decisions that affect all aspects of our lives are based on scientific evidence. And of course, the immensely complex natural world around us is an example of endless scientific concepts. As a university student, integrating these learnings and using them for the betterment of our country could benefit us all. The Philippines however lacks in resources when it come to improving our ideology on science. That why we need to understand why science is one of the most important subjects in school because of its relevance to students' lives and the universally applicable problem-solving and critical thinking skills it uses and develops. because these are lifelong skills that allow students to generate ideas, intelligently weigh decisions, and even understand the evidence behind public policy making. By teaching technological literacy, critical thinking, and problem solving through science education, students gain the skills and knowledge they need to be successful in school and beyond. VIERNES, T oni Aaliyah D.