Pediatric Rehabilitation Principles and Practice 4th Edition

["520 Index Step-N-Go bicycle, 117 Steroids Spinal cord injuries (SCI) (cont.) without radiographic abnormality (SCIWORA), 143, 157, for spinal cord injury, 266 264\u2013265 for systemic lupus erythrematosus, 377 rehabilitation, 266\u2013267 Stoke Mandeville Games, 79 and respiratory function, 266, 270\u2013271 Storage dysfunctions, treatment of self-care and activities of daily activities, 268\u2013273 in neurogenic bladder, 211\u2013212 and skin, 271 Strengthening exercises stabilization of, 265\u2013266 for juvenile idiopathic arthritis, 373 and temperature regulation, 272\u2013273 for neuromuscular diseases, 322 with traumatic brain injury, 268 Stretching, passive, 323, 324 traumatic, 364 Strokelike episodes, 310 and urinary function, 266 Strollers, 113 Stroop Color-Word Test, 32t Spinal cord malformations Structured interview, 41, 47 in spina bi\ufb01da, 206\u2013208 Supine standers, 109\u2013110 Swallowing Spinal deformity, management of, 325\u2013326 assessment of, 53, 75t Spinal monitoring, intraoperative, of SSEPs, 158 cranial nerves, 64 Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), 142 development of, 71t disorders of, 67t, 69\u201376 classi\ufb01cation of, 319\u2013321 distal, 320 in neuromuscular diseases, 278 and infantile hypotonia, 142 management of, 327\u2013328 nerve conduction studies (NCSs), 143 esophageal phase, 74f, 75 predominantly proximal, 317\u2013319 milestones, 71t type I, 318t, 319 oral phase, 74f type II, 318t, 319\u2013320 pharyngeal phase, 74f type III, 318t, 320 team members, 72t Spinal orthoses, in cerebral palsy, 184 video\ufb02uoroscopic evaluation of, 71 Spinal shock bladder, 269 Swedish knee cage, 107t Spinal tumors, 366, 393 Swimming, 96 Spine Swing limb advancement task, 478\u2013481 assessment of, in cerebral palsy, 174\u2013175 Symbol Digit Modalities (SDMT), 31t musculoskeletal conditions of, 374 Symmetric tonic neck re\ufb02ex, 169, 218 Spine deformities, in spina bi\ufb01da, 214\u2013215 Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion Spinocerebellar degeneration diseases Friedreich\u2019s ataxia, 321 (SIADH) hereditary ataxias, 321 after traumatic brain injury, 241 Spinocerebral ataxias (SCAs), 321 Synovitis, acute transient (ATS), 384\u2013385 Splinting, 368 Syntax, 60 in juvenile idiopathic arthritis, 373 Syringobulbia, 3 Spondylolisthesis, 392 Syringomyelia, 207 Spondylosis, 438 Systemic JIA, 371 Sport Club for the Deaf, Berlin, 79 Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 376\u2013377 Sports hematological disorders, 377\u2013378 adapted, 79, 82 Table tennis, 97 bene\ufb01ts of, 80, 89 Tai chi chuan, 90\u201391 classi\ufb01cation of, 86 TAR syndrome, 341 history of, 79\u201380 TASH USB Mini Keyboard, 122f organizations for, 80 Task-speci\ufb01c aquatic therapy, 90 professionals in, 79, 82\u201383 TAT. See Thematic Apperception Test resources on, 90\u201398 TBI. See Traumatic brain injury after Legg-Calv\u00e9-Perthes disease, 384 Teacher\u2019s Report Forms (TRF), 44 with limb de\ufb01ciency, 346 Team approach, to spina bi\ufb01da treatment, 209\u2013210 spinal cord injury from, 262 Technology-Related Assistance Act, 123 after traumatic brain injury, 249 Tegison. See etretinate Sprengel\u2019s deformity, 364 Telectin, for musculoskeletal injuries, 391 SSEPs. See Somatosensory evoked potentials Temperament, 42 SST. See Sequential Swim Techniques Temperature, and nerve conduction studies, 132 Standard scores, 23\u201324 Temperature regulation Standers, 109\u2013110 Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale \u2013 5th Edition, 36 after spinal cord injury, 272\u2013273 Stanines, 23 Temporal-spatial parameters, 463, 464 Staphylococcus aureus, 393 Temporomandibular joint, juvenile idiopathic in discitis, 393 in osteomyelitis, 393 arthritis of, 374 and septic arthritis, 376, 378 Tendo-Achilles lengthening (TAL), 324 Static orthosis, 103 Tennis, 97 Static wrist hand orthosis (WHO), 184 Tension athetosis, 172, 183 Stature, Duchenne muscular dystrophy and, 292","Terminal devices, 95 Index 521 for prostheses, 93, 342, 343 for transhumeral and transradial, 344, 345f Transition of care, 449\u2013450, 450t Test battery, 27 family counseling on, 247, 248 Test of Everyday Attention, 31t to oral feeding, 243 Test of Memory and Learning-2 (TOMAL-2), 35t after traumatic brain injury, 243 Test of Written Language-2, 34 Test-retest, 24 Transition services, 247, 249 Tethered cord syndrome, 157\u2013158, 206 Trapeze bars, 109 Trauma, and amputation, 337, 351 SSEPS in, 157 Traumatic brain injury (TBI), 22, 26, 30, 34, 64, 231 Thalidomide, and limb de\ufb01ciency, 336 Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), 44, 46t common cognitive de\ufb01cits, 239 Therapeutic exercise. See Exercise, therapeutic attention and arousal, 239 Therapeutic recreation (TR) specialist, 83 behavioral problems, 240 Therapy robots, 125\u2013126 communication de\ufb01cits, 240 Therevac mini-enemas, 270t executive function, 240\u2013241 Thoracic lesions, of spina bi\ufb01da, 204 memory impairment, 239\u2013240 Thoracic lumbosacral orthosis (TLSO), 214, 266, 392, 399 social functioning, 241 Thomas test, 483, 485 Thomsen\u2019s disease. See Myotonia congenita common sensory de\ufb01cits Thoracic lesions, in spina bi\ufb01da, 204 hearing impairment, 238 Thoracolumbar apophysitis, 392 olfactory dysfunction (anosmia), 238 Three-dimensional moments, 467 visual impairment, 238\u2013239 Threshold electrical stimulation (TES), 178, 186t Tibia deformities, in spina bi\ufb01da, 216\u2013217 community reintegration Tibial de\ufb01ciency, 350 community support, 248\u2013249 Tilting reaction, 169 individual educational plans, 248 Tilt-in-space wheelchair, 113 in-home services, 249 Tizanidine (Zana\ufb02ex), for spasticity, 180t, 237 long-term needs, planning for, 249 TLSO. See Thoracic lumbosacral orthosis out-of-home services, 249 TMT. See Trail Making Tests school services, 248 TOH. See Tower of Hanoi sports and recreational activities, returning to, 249 Token Test for Children, 33 TOL. See Tower of London electroencephalography, 234 TOMAL-2. See Test of Memory and Learning-2 epidemiology, 231 Tone abnormalities, after traumatic brain injury, 236\u2013237 causes, of injury, 232 dystonia, 237 costs, of injury, 231\u2013232 rigidity, 237 injury severity spasticity, 237 Glasgow Coma Scale, 234 Posttraumatic Amnesia and Children\u2019s Orientation and pharmacologic management, 237 physical management, 237 Amnesia Test, 235 Tone assessment, 169 unconsciousness, duration of, 235 Tonic labyrinthine re\ufb02ex, 169 medical conditions, associated with TBI, 241 Tooth decay, 15 anterior pituitary dysfunction, 241\u2013242 Torticollis, appearance in, 6, 7 bladder management, 244 Total communication, 65 bowel management, 243\u2013244 Tower of Hanoi (TOH), 32t central autonomic dysfunction, 244 Tower of London (TOL), 32t cerebral salt wasting, 241 Toxic neuromuscular junction disorders, 152 heterotopic ossi\ufb01cation, 244 electrodiagnostic evaluation of, 152 neuroendocrine dysfunction, 241 Toxic polyneuropathies, 148 nutritional management, 242\u2013243 TPBA. See Transdisciplinary play-based assessment posttraumatic epilepsy, 244\u2013245 TR specialist. See Therapeutic recreation specialist posttraumatic hydrocephalus and cerebral atrophy, 245\u2013246 Trachea, 55 precocious puberty, 242 Tracheostomy respiratory dysfunction, 242 car seat with, 117 motor de\ufb01cits, 235 respiratory dysfunction, 242 balance, 236 and speech disorder, 55 diffuse damage, 236 Tracheostomy Tube Decision Flow Chart, 55t focal damage, 235\u2013236 Track and \ufb01eld, 97\u201398 tone abnormalities, 236\u2013237 Trail Making Tests (TMT), 31t tremor, 236 Trans-Aid, 109 neuroimaging, 233\u2013234 Transdisciplinary Play-Based Assessment (TPBA), 43, 46t outcomes Transfer aids, 105\u2013109 long-term rehabilitation follow-up, 253 Transfer board, 109 measurement tools, 249\u2013250 Transient neonatal autoimmune myasthenia gravis, 151\u2013152 morbidity by injury severity, 250\u2013252 Transient neonatal myasthenia, 310\u2013311 morbidity related to age at time of injury, 252\u2013253 prevention, 253 survival, 250 pathophysiology diffuse swelling and second impact syndrome, 232\u2013233 nonaccidental trauma, 233","522 Index Urologic system in spina bi\ufb01da, 441 Traumatic brain injury (TBI) (cont.) treatment of USAAA. See US Amputee Athletic Association plasticity, implications of, 233 primary injury and secondary injury, 232 U.S. Amputee Athletic Association (USAAA), 80 skull fracture, growing, 233 U.S. Association for Blind Athletes (USABA), 80 U.S. Cerebral Palsy Athletic Association (USCPAA), 80, 92, 98 rehabilitation, 246 U.S. Disabled Ski Team, 95 early rehabilitation, 246 U.S. Les Autres Sports Association (USLASA), 80 inpatient rehabilitation, 246\u2013248 U.S. Quad Rugby Association (USQRA), 80 U.S. Soccer Federation, 95 Traumatic spinal cord injury, 156\u2013157 U.S. Society for Augmentative and Alternative Communication Treatment gains assessment, 68 Tremor, after traumatic brain injury, 236 (USSAAC), 123 Trendelenburg\u2019s gait pattern, 8, 9, 220, 282, 285f, 324, 475, 483 U.S. Table Tennis Association, 97 TRF. See Teacher Report Forms U.S. Tennis Association, 97 Trunk orthosis, 109t T scores, 23\u201324 Validity, 24\u201325 Tube feedings, 243 Valium. See Diazepam Valproic acid after traumatic brain injury, 243 Tuberculous spondylitis, 393 for seizures, 203, 310 Tuberous sclerosis, appearance in, 6 and spina bi\ufb01da, 199 Tumors Vancomycin, for osteomyelitis, 393 Variety Village Stander, 108t and amputation, 337\u2013338 VATER syndrome, 341, 400 of bone, 411\u2013412 Venous thrombosis, 244, 272 Twister cables, 108t Ventilation, 327, 328f dependency on, 55, 304, 445 Ullrich CMD, 299\u2013300 in neuromuscular diseases, 320 Ulnar de\ufb01ciencies, 341 Ventricular system malformations, in spina bi\ufb01da, 208\u2013209 Ulnar mononeuropathies, in children, 149 Ventriculomegaly, after traumatic brain injury, 245 Ultrasonography, of in detecting effusion, 385 Verbal apraxia, 58 Unconsciousness, duration of, and severity of traumatic brain Verbal IQ, 223, 292 Versa Form pillow, 104 injury, 235 Vesicoureteral re\ufb02ux, in spina bi\ufb01da, 210 Universal Nonverbal Intelligence Test (UNIT), 38, 39t Vestibular impairments, after traumatic brain injury, 238 University New Brunswick Test of Prosthetic Function, 346 VFSS. See Video\ufb02uoroscopic swallowing assessment Upper airway, 54 Video\ufb02uoroscopic swallowing assessment (VFSS), 73, 75t Upper and lower limb orthoses, 104 Vigilance, 30 Upper extremities Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales-II, 41, 41t Vision, 16 assessment of, in cerebral palsy, 175 Visual impairment de\ufb01ciency of, 109, 344\u2013345 in cerebral palsy, 170\u2013172 juvenile idiopathic arthritis in, 374 in history of, 4 orthoses for, 105t, 124, 184 after traumatic brain injury, 238\u2013239 Visual-motor integration, assessment of, 32, 33t, 37 in cerebral palsy, 184 Visual observation, for muscle weakness detection, 8 Upper limb de\ufb01ciencies, common, 339 Visual perception, assessment of, 32, 38 Visuospatial processing, assessment of, 29, 32, 36 digital de\ufb01ciencies, 339\u2013340 VMI. See Developmental Test of Visual-Motor elbow disarticulation and transhumeral de\ufb01ciencies, 340 partial hand and wrist disarticulation de\ufb01ciencies, 340 Integration \u2013 4th Edition shoulder disarticulation and intrascapulothoracic de\ufb01ciencies, Vocal cords, 56f Vocational counseling 340\u2013341 transverse de\ufb01ciencies of fore arm, 340 in cerebral palsy, 190 Upper limb de\ufb01ciencies, uncommon in spina bi\ufb01da, 225 longitudinal de\ufb01ciencies after spinal cord injury, 273\u2013274 after traumatic brain injury, 249 of the forearm, 341 Voice disorders, 57 of the humerus, 341 acquired, 67t Upper motor neuron injury, 7, 480 developmental, 67t Upper tract\/kidney deterioration, risk factors for, in neurogenic Volleyball, 94 Volume conduction and nerve conduction studies, 132 bladder, 211 Vowel areas, 59f Upright standers, 110 Uremic neuropathy, 317 WAIS-III. See Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, 3rd edition Urinary function, after spinal cord injury, 266 WIAT-II. See Wechsler Individual Achievement Test, 2nd Edition Urinary incontinence, 439, 441 Walkers, 82, 111, 185 in spina bi\ufb01da, 213 for spina bi\ufb01da, 219, 220 Urinary output, 244 Walker-Warburg syndrome (WWS), 299 Urinary sphincter, external, 212, 269 Urinary tract infection, in spina bi\ufb01da, 212\u2013213 Urodynamic study hypotonic bladder, 210 normal, 211f spastic bladder detrusor and shincter dyssynergia, 211f sphincter dyssynergia, 210, 211, 21f in spina bi\ufb01da, 211","Index 523 Walking, functional prerequisites for, 469\u2013472 Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning 2 (WRAML-2), 35t Warfarin, 272 Wilmington Robotic Exoskeleton (WREX), 124 Water sports adventure, 88 Wilms\u2019 tumor, 403\u2013404 Watsu approach, 90 Winners on Wheels (WOW), 84 WCST. See Wisconsin Sorting Test Winsford Feeder, 123f Wechsler batteries, 27, 28 WISC-IV. See Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 4th Edition Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, 3rd edition (WAIS-III), 36 Wisconsin Sorting Test (WCST), 32t Wechsler Individual Achievement Test, 2nd Edition (WIAT-II), 39, 40t WJ-III. See Woodcock Johnson Psychoeducational Battery, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 4th Edition(WISC-IV), 36 Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-3rd Edition 3rd Edition Woodcock Johnson Psychoeducational Battery, 3rd Edition (WPPSI-III), 36 WEEFIM. See Functional Independence Measure for Children (WJ-III), 39, 40t Weight, in neuromuscular diseases, 293, 329 Word prediction programs, 122 Weight acceptance task, 475\u2013476, 477t World Health Organization Werdnig\u2013Hoffman disease. See Spinal muscular atrophy I Wheelchairs, 111 Health Behavior in Schoolchildren (WHO HBSC) survey, 83 WPPSI-III. See Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of characteristics of, 114t\u2013116t in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, 289\u2013290 Intelligence-3rd Edition with high tetraplegia, 272, 275 WRAML-2. See Wide Range Assessment of Memory in limb de\ufb01ciency, 354\u2013355 positioning components for, 112\u2013113 and Learning 2 power, 113, 117 WRAT-IV. See Wide Range Achievement Test, 4th Edition in spina bi\ufb01da, 441 WRAVMA. See Wide Range Assessment Battery of Visual Motor after spinal cord injury, 267, 268, 272, 274 Wheelchair Sports USA, 79\u201380 Ability Wheelchair tennis, 97 WREX. See Wilmington Robotic Exoskeleton Wheelchair tiedowns and occupant restraint systems (WTORS), 117 Wrist, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, 371, 373, 374 WHO HBSC survey. See World Health Organization Health Wrist-hand orthosis, 105t WTORS. See Wheelchair tiedowns and occupant restraint systems Behavior in Schoolchildren survey WWS. See Walker-Warburg syndrome WIAT-II. See Wechsler Individual Achievement Test, 2nd Edition Wide Range Achievement Test, 4th Edition (WRAT-IV), 39, 40t Yersinia enterocolitica, and reactive arthritis, 376 Wide Range Assessment Battery of Visual Motor Ability Yoga, 90 Youth Self-Report (YSR), 44 (WRAVMA), 33t Zana\ufb02ex. See Tizanidine Z-scores, 23f"]