Integrated Sports Massage Therapy_ A Comprehensive Handbook ( PDFDrive )

AB C Figure 15.9 • Self-massage of the lateral aspect of the thigh, hips and gluteal area A B Figure 15.10 • Self-massage of the lower back 241

Integrated Sports Massage Therapy 2. The Stick. The athlete stands with The Stick 2. The Stick. The athlete can also use The placed horizontally in the small of the back just Stick, where one hand rests behind the back, superior to the sacrum. The Stick is rolled up and holding the device stationary, whilst the other down each side on the lower back muscles, avoiding hand alternately moves The StickW superiorly pressure on the vertebral spinous processes, to and inferiorly to massage the muscles massage the local soft tissue (Fig. 15.10B). (Fig. 15.12B). Self-massage of the mid and upper 3. Foam roll. When using a foam roll, the athlete back with tennis or lacrosse balls lies on one side with the arm on the treated side over the head. The athlete uses the legs Two tennis or lacrosse balls are either taped together to move the body repeatedly over the roll or placed firmly together in a sock that is tied at the for effective release of tensed soft tissue. To end. The athlete lies on the ground with the two balls support the integrity of the glenohumeral joint, placed on either side of the spine, starting at the first and induce reciprocal inhibition, the arm is thoracic level (Fig. 15.11). It is important the balls do actively reaching cranially (Fig. 15.12C). not glide apart under pressure, since this would pres- ent the risk of excessive pressure on the costovertebral Neck joints. The pressure is kept stationary at each vertebral segment for 30 s to 3 min to achieve an effective Self-massage of the anterior stretch of the paravertebral muscles adjacent to the aspect of the upper neck spine. For pressure massage of more laterally located muscles muscles, such as rhomboids, trapezius, infraspinatus, and teres minor, the same set of balls or a single ball 1. The Stick. The athlete uses The Stick to massage may be used for focal compression. the upper portion of the trapezius muscle (Fig. 15.13A). A foam roll is normally used for a broader, more general back massage. 2. Thumbs. For the very upper part of the neck, the athlete clasps the fingers and compresses Self-massage of the latissimus dorsi and stretches the muscles into a C-shape with one and teres major muscles thumb, or uses both thumbs to treat the neck bilaterally (Fig. 15.13B). The thumbs can also 1. Fingers. The athlete can grasp the muscle belly perform an S-stroke from the same position, if the with the fingers, kneading the muscles with stroke is applied unilaterally. petrissage strokes. The effect is increased if the athlete performs simultaneous abduction in the Abdominal area glenohumeral joint (Fig. 15.12A). Figure 15.11 • Self-massage of the mid and upper Abdominal and iliopsoas self- back with tennis or lacrosse balls myofascial release technique The athlete lies prone on the ground with a smaller (9 in), soft exercise ball under the abdomen (Fig. 15.14). The ball is moved to an area of elevated tissue tension. While resting on the ball, the athlete’s body weight will generate the desired stretch effect. The pressure remains in the area for 30 s to 3 min, while the athlete passively relaxes on the exercise ball and continuously breathes using the diaphragm. To reach the iliopsoas muscle, the ball is moved to the lower abdominal area just below the umbilicus, lateral to the mid line, and down to the lesser trochanter in the groin. 242

Self-massage and myofascial release techniques for the athlete CHAPTER 15 AB C Figure 15.12 • Self massage of the latissimus dorsi and teres major muscles AB Figure 15.13 • Self-massage of the upper neck muscles including upper trapezius, levator scapulae, and the splenius muscle group 243

Integrated Sports Massage Therapy Shoulders Self-massage of the deltoid muscle The athlete grasps the muscle with the fingertips, and rhythmically performs lifting petrissage strokes (Fig. 15.16). Arms Figure 15.14 • Abdominal and iliopsoas self- Self-massage of the flexor myofascial release technique with a smaller soft and extensor muscles of the exercise ball upper arm Chest 1. The athlete grasps the biceps brachii muscle with the fingertips, including the web between the index Self-massage of the anterior aspect finger and thumb, and rhythmically performs of the pectoral muscles lifting petrissage strokes of the muscle, as the elbow is simultaneously extended. The brachialis The athlete uses the fingertips to massage the pector- muscle is reached by grasping immediately under alis major and minor muscles using circular frictions. the biceps brachii muscle (Fig. 15.17A). The fingertips are slightly bent and actively push and pull the soft tissue during the massage to enhance the 2. The athlete places the palm over the spinous process stretch effect (Fig. 15.15). of the 7th cervical vertebra and grasps the triceps brachii muscle with the fingertips, including the web between the index finger and thumb. The muscle is rhythmically massaged with lifting petrissage strokes (Fig. 15.17B). Figure 15.15 • Self-massage of the pectoral Figure 15.16 • Self-massage of the deltoid muscle muscles 244

Self-massage and myofascial release techniques for the athlete CHAPTER 15 AB Figure 15.17 • Self-massage of the flexor and extensor muscles of the upper arm Self-massage of the flexor and (for the flexor group) or flex (for the extensor extensor muscles of the forearm group) to enhance the stretch effect. and hand 2. The Stick. One end of The Stick is placed on a table 1. Thumb. The athlete grasps around the forearm and at a 45 degree angle. While one hand holds the other uses the thumb or fingertips to massage the end of The Stick, the flexor and extensor muscles of flexor and extensor muscles of the forearm the free forearm are massaged separately. To with circular frictions (Fig. 15.18A). As the fingers enhance the stretch effect in the soft tissue, the hand massages the muscle, the hand can actively extend is actively extended (for the flexor muscles) or flexed (for the extensor muscles) using the antagonistic muscles (Fig. 15.18B). AB Figure 15.18 • Self-massage of the flexor and extensor muscles of the forearm and hand 245

Integrated Sports Massage Therapy A B Figure 15.19 • Self-massage of the hand Hands and straight lines to effectively treat tensed soft tissue on the palmar aspect of the hands Self-massage of the hand (Fig. 15.19A). 1. Ball. The athlete may use a tennis or lacrosse 2. Trigger wheel. A trigger wheel may also be used to ball to massage the muscles of the palm of the effectively massage between the metacarpal bones hand. The ball is moved in both small circles (Fig. 15.19B). References Cash, M., 1996. Sports & remedial review. Br. J. Sports Med. 32 (3), Pozenik, R., 2003. Massage for cyclists. massage therapy. Ebury Press, 212–214. Vitesse Press, North Middlesex, VT. London. Hilbert, J.E., et al., 2003. The effects of Sheon, R.P., 1997. Repetitive strain Ernst, E., 1998. Does post-exercise massage on delayed onset muscle injury, diagnostic and treatment tips massage treatment reduce delayed soreness. Br. J. Sports Med. 37, on six common problems. The Goff onset muscle soreness? A systematic 72–75. Group. Postgrad. Med. 102 (4), 72–78 81–85. 246

Index Note: Page numbers followed by b indicate boxes and f indicate figures. A Ah Shi points, 127, 130 arms, self-massage, 244–245 extraordinary points, 127 flexor/extensor muscles of forearm abdomen, 109 regular, 127, 130 and hand, 245 stretch of external and internal acute injuries, 183–188 thumb, 245, 245f abdominal oblique, 109, 110f to bursa, 188 Stick, The, 245, 245f stretch of rectus abdominis muscle, acute pain, 183 flexor/extensor muscles of upper arm, 109f acute sports injuries, treatment of, 244, 245f abdominal and iliopsoas self-myofascial 188–189 arms, stretch, 115–116 release, 242–243, 244f acute tendon injuries, 186–188 arthrosis, 189, 191 acutron monitor, 171f Aston patterning, 140 abdominal obliques, myofascial release, adductor magnus, 171, 172f autogenic inhibition, 81, 83 151, 151f adductor muscle group, stretch, 101, avulsion, 184 accessories, use of, 98–99 104f B Achilles tendinitis, 122, 183, 214–215, adductor muscle release, 220 back, self-massage, 240–242 215f elbow, 220, 221f Baker’s cyst, 191 Achilles tendinopathy, 194, 194f fist, 220, 220f balance boards, 183, 184f Achilles tendinosis, 191 Ah Shi points, 127, 130 ballistic flexibility, 77, 77f Alfredson protocol, 194 barrier of resistance, 85, 86 eccentric exercise for, 194, 195f anatomical snuff box, 193 baseball, massage for, 69 Achilles tendon anatomy train lines, 141 basketball, massage for, 69–70 anatomy trains, 140 rupture of, 186–188, 187f ankle distortion, 192 foot, fist compression in, 70f strain counterstrain, 124–125, 124f, ankle injury, treatment, 188–189, 188f suggested areas, 69–70, 69f ankle joint, ligaments in, 187f benefits of massage, 2 125f ankle sprains, 186 biceps brachii, 171, 176f tender points, 125f anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) release, 230–231, 231f Active Isolated Stretching (AIS), 87–89 injuries, 186 strain counterstrain, 125–126, 125f of ischiocrural/biceps femoris rupture of, 192 stretch of, 115, 115f anterior drawer sign, 192 tender points, 125f muscles, 89, 89f anterior drawer test, 192, 192f, 193f biceps femoris muscles of ischiocrural/semitendinosus and anterior talofibular ligament, 186, 187f Active Isolated Stretching (AIS) of, Apley’s test, 193, 193f membranosus muscle, 88, 89f apophysitis, 189, 190 88, 89, 89f use of strap, 88, 88f Cryo/Cuff in, 188, 189f Bindegewebsmassage see connective Active Release Technique (ART), 90 arch, painful, 196–197 acupressure, 130 tissue massage digital pressure, 130 thumb pressure with simultaneous massage along the channels, 130, 131f acupuncture channels, 127, 128f acupuncture points (acupoints), 127

Index blocks, 98–99 posterior treatment pattern, 159f deltoid anterior, 228, 228f blood lactate, 2 reflex zones, 158f deltoid intermedius, 228–229, 228f BOSU training, 192 treatment technique, 158, 158f, deltoid posterior, 228f, 229 brachialis release, 231, 231f deltoid muscle, self-massage, brachioradialis release, 231, 232f 159f broadening, 11–15 contract-relax (CR), 81–82, 83f 244, 244f deltoid muscle, stretch of, 113–114, 114f elbow, 12, 12f modified, 83 dislocations (luxations)/subluxations, palm heel, 11, 12, 35 contract-relax antagonistic contract thenar eminence, 12, 12f, 35 184–185 bucket handle injury, 193 (CRAC), 84–85, 85f diving, platform and springboard, Buddy taping, 204, 205f cortisone injections, 192 bursa, acute injuries to, 188 coxae saltans/“snapping hip”, 196 massage for, 64 bursitis, 190–191 cramp release, 32, 186f suggested areas, 64, 64f dolor, 183 C see also muscle cramps dynamic flexibility, 76–77, 76f cross-fiber friction, 18–19, 19f dynamic neutral, 120–121 calcaneofibular ligament, 186, 187f cruciate ligament, 186 calcaneus see Achilles tendon Cryo/Cuff, 188, 189f E calor, 183 cun measurements, 127–129, 129f capsular ligament, 186 eccentric muscle contraction, 78 carpal tunnel syndrome, myofascial back, 127 edging, 20–21 chest and abdomen, 127 release manipulation in, 140 head, 127 elbow, 20–21, 21f cautions/contraindications for sports lower extremities, 128–129 palm heel, 20, 21f upper extremities, 127 thumb, 20, 20f massage, 32 cycling, 68 effects of sports massage, 2–3 center of movement, 7f peroneal muscle group, lock and effleurage, 2, 35 cervicis muscles, stretch of, 112, 113f effleurage strokes, 6–9 chest, self-massage, 244 stretch, 68f forearm, 9, 9f child’s pose, 144, 145f suggested areas, 68, 68f one-sided, 7–9, 8f, 9f Chinese splits, 76f palm heel, 6, 8f chondromalacia patellae, 195 D palm heel and fingertip, 6, 8f chronic compartment syndrome, 194 regular superficial, 6, 8f chronic pain, 183 dance, 65–66 through sheet, 6, 7f, 28, 28f chronic rotator cuff pain, Tui Na gastrocnemius muscle, broadening, eight-finger friction, 15–16, 15f 66f elbow treatment for, 135–136 suggested areas, 65–66, 65f adductor muscle release, 220, circular friction, 35 Claudius Galenus, 1 De Quervain’s syndrome, 190 221f coach tape, 199 deep forearm extensor muscle release, compression, 11, 11f, 35 common sports injuries, 192–193 edging, 20–21, 21f compartment syndrome, chronic, 194 232, 232f glide, 212–213, 216f compression techniques, 9–11 deep forearm flexor muscle release, 232, empty can test, 196–197, 196f epicondylitis, lateral/medial, 197 elbow, 11, 11f, 35 233f test for, 197f fist, 10, 10f, 35 deep gliding strokes, 210–213 erector spinae C-release, 223, 223f forearm, 11, 11f erector spinae fasciae, 145, 145f palm, 9–10, 35 elbow glide, 212–213, 216f erector spinae muscle group, 108–109 fist glide, 211, 212f stretch of, 108–109, 108f double-handed, 9–10, 10f forearm glide, 212, 216f erector spinae muscle, thumb edging, single-handed, 10, 10f palm glide, 211, 212f thumb, 10–11, 11f planar glide/reinforced 4-finger glide, 65f concentric muscle contraction, 78 event-based massage connective tissue, 139, 140f 211, 211f ordinary, 139 rhythmic lock and stretch, variation, differentiation, 27 specialized, 139 suggested items for, 29b connective tissue massage 213, 217f exercise balls in self-massage, thumb glide, 211, 211f (Bindegewebsmassage), 157–158 deep stroking massage (stripping), 235, 236f anterior treatment pattern, 159f extramuscular myofascial connections, 167–168, 167f degenerative conditions, 189, 191 141 delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), therapeutic massage and, 2 deltoid muscle release, 228–229 248

Index F transverse, 19, 19f, 35 dynamic stretching, 79f deep, 19 isolytic muscle energy technique, fascial network, effects in, 141, 141f fascial release, 120, 120f V-frictions, 17–18 86–87, 88f feet, self-massage, 235 regular, 17–18, 18f passive stretching, 78f reversed, 18, 18f release, 219 dorsal aspect, 236f plantar aspect, 235, 236f full can test, 196–197, 196f elbow, 219, 220f fencing stance, modified, 5, 5f functio laesa, 183 fist, 219, 220f fibromyalgic tender points, 123 functional flexibility, 76–77 stretch, 100, 102f finger percussion, 169–170, 170f functional pain, 182 hand placement, 7f fist functional technique, 120–122, 121b, hands, self-massage, 246 adductor muscle release, 220, 220f ball, 246 compression, 10, 10f, 35 121f trigger wheel, 246, 246f friction, 17, 17f balance and hold, 121–122 Hatha yoga, 139 glide, 211, 212f Hawkins impingement test, 196–197, fixating, 98 in shoulder, 121–122, 121f flexibility, 75–77 dynamic functional, 122 197f ballistic, 77, 77f heel pad, painful, 194, 195f dynamic, 76–77 in hip joint, 122, 122f fast, 76f taping, 202, 203f functional, 76–77 G Heller work, 140 static, 76 hemobursitis, 188 static active, 76, 76f gastrocnemius muscle, 171, 173f hepatitis B, 31 static passive, 76, 76f broadening, 66f hepatitis C, 31 focal stretching, 97–98, 98f forearm compression, 72f hip joint, dynamic functional technique football and rugby, massage for, release, 215, 215f in, 122, 122f 71–72 gate control theory mechanism, 192 Hippocrates, 1 gastrocnemius muscle, forearm gluteus maximus history of massage, 1 HIV, 31 compression, 72f fascial structure of, 150–151, 150f hold-relax (HR), 83 general neck release, 72f release, 222, 222f home stretching exercises, 170 lower neck release, 72f stretch, 105, 106f horse stance, modified, 5, 5f quadriceps femoris muscle, gluteus medius/minimus, 171, 174f housemaid’s knee, 191 release, 222, 222f hydraulic table, 5, 6f hypothenar rubbing, 72f stretch, 105, 106f hyperthermia, 31 suggested areas, 71–72, 71f golf, massage for, 65 hypothenar rubbing, 35 forearm erector spinae muscle, thumb edging, hypothermia, 31 compression, 11, 11f glide, 212, 216f 65f I superficial extensor muscles, stretch suggested areas, 65, 65f golfer’s elbow see epicondylitis, lateral/ ice and stretch, 169 of, 115, 116f ice hockey, massage in, 70 superficial flexor muscles, stretch of, medial Golgi tendon organ (GTO), 83b, 83f hip joint, ROM stretch, 70f 116, 116f goniometry, 75–76 suggested areas, 70, 70f four-finger friction, 16, 16f gracilis muscle iliacus release, 219, 219f four-finger stroke, stretch of, 169, 169f iliopsoas muscle fractures, 184, 185f release, 220, 221f release, 218–219, 219f friction, 2 stretch, 102–103, 104f stretch, 104, 105f friction strokes, 6, 15–20 greater trochanter release, 222, 222f iliotibial band (ITB) release, 221f Greece, ancient, 1 iliotibial band friction syndrome circular, 35 cross-fiber, 18–19, 19f H (runner’s knee), 122, 195–196 eight-finger, 15–16, 15f Tui Na treatment for, 136–137 fist, 17, 17f hamstring muscles, 144, 144f, 171, 173f iliotibial tract, myofascial release, 150, four-finger, 16, 16f Active Isolated Stretching (AIS) of, one-finger, 16, 16f 89, 89f 150f palm, 17, 17f active stretching impingement in the shoulder, 196–197 thumb, 16, 16f, 17f dynamic, 80f India, wrestling in, 1 static, 80f inflammations, 189 ballistic stretching, 79f contract-relax, 84f 249

Index inflammatory battle, 183 rhythmic lock and stretch of Stick, The, 242, 243f inflammatory pain, 182 ischiocrural/hamstring muscles, stretch of, 109, 110f infraspinatus and teres minor muscles, 47, 47f levator scapular, 171, 176f release, 229, 229f 171, 175f ROM stretch of right hip joint, 51, 51f stretch of, 111–112, 112f release, 227 S-stroke petrissage of selected tensed ligaments in ankle joint, 187f alternate reinforced elbow glide, areas of left leg, 46, 46f injuries, 186, 186f 227, 227f stretch in knee joint, 187f limitations of research, 2–3 elbow glide, 227, 227f of right gastrocnemius and soleus lines of pull, 153–154 stretch of, 112, 112f muscles, 41f, 51 Ling, Per Henrik, 1 integrated neuromuscular inhibition local twitch response (LTR), 167 of right ischiocrural/hamstring long-distance runners, prevent technique (INIT), 170 muscles, 51, 51f integrated trigger point hypothesis, 162, treatment see prevent sports of right quadriceps and iliopsoas massage treatment 163f muscles, 51, 52f lower back, stretch, 109 intercostal muscles, myofascial release, lower body muscles time distribution, 45 anterior aspect, 99f 151, 152f intermuscular bleeding, 185 posterior aspect, 99f interevent massage, 27, 30, 44–51 intracapsular ligament, 186 lower leg, fascial structures, 149–150, intramuscular bleeding, 185 150f broadening inverse myotactic reflex, 81, 83 lower legs, self-massage, 235–237 of ischiocrural/hamstring muscle ischemic muscle pressure, 23, 23f, 168, anterior, 235–237, 237f group, 47, 47f Stick, The, 237 of left calf muscles, 48, 48f 168f thumbs, 235 palm, of right thigh, 50, 50f ischiocrural muscle group see hamstring posterior, 237, 238f Stick, The, 237 edging of left calf muscle, 48, 48f muscles thumbs, 237 effleurage isokinetic training, 183 lumbar strain, Tui Na treatment for, isolytic muscle contraction, 78 135–137 of back, 49, 49f isolytic muscle energy techniques luxations, 184–185 of gluteal area and lower back, 46, lymphatic drainage massage (LDM), (MET), 86–87 208–210, 209f 46f of hamstring muscles, 86–87, 88f J-stroke, 210, 210f of left leg and gluteal area, 49, 49f isometric muscle contraction, 78 long strokes, 210, 210f of posterior aspect of left leg, 45, isotonic muscle contraction, 78 pump, 209, 210f stationary circles, 209, 209f 45f, 46f J right leg, 49, 50f M fist compressions Janda’s postfacilitation stretch method, of left foot, 48, 49f 86, 87f maintenance massage, 32, 207, 208b of left gluteal and lower back Markus Aurelius, 1 jostling/oscillation, 23, 23f, 35 McConnell taping, 217 muscle, 47, 47f jump sign, 167 mechanical efficiency, 27–28, 28b fist/palm compressions medial meniscus K of ischiocrural/hamstring muscle strain counterstrain, 124, 124f group, 47, 47f knee joint, ligaments in, 187f tender points, 124f medial tibial stress syndrome of right thigh, 49f, 50f L highlights, 30b (periostitis), 189, 190, 190, hypothenar rubbing of right Lachman’s test, 192, 193f 194–195, 190, 214–215 lacrosse and tennis balls in self-massage, membranosus muscle, Active Isolated quadriceps muscle, 50, 50f Stretching (AIS) of, 88, 89f jostling of hip and both legs, 51, 51f 235, 236f meniscus tear, 193 lock/stretch of soleus, tibilias, lateral scalp fascia, 148, 148f latex/rubber gloves, 31 posterior and peroneal muscles, latissimus dorsi and teres major 48, 48f palm compressions muscles of right tibialis anterior and release, 223–224, 224f peroneal muscles, 50, 51f self-massage, 242 alternating, of left calf muscles, 48, 48f fingers, 242, 243f palm heel petrissage of selected foam roll, 242, 243f tensed areas of left leg, 46, 46f palm/thumb compressions of shoulder and neck area, 49, 49f 250

Index mobile point, 122, 123f spiral line, 152, 153f pincer, 166, 166f modified contract-relax, 83, 84f stroke examples, 141–142, 142f taut band and, 161, 162f muscle contraction types, 78b superficial back line (SBL), 142–145, trauma and, 161–163 muscle contusions, 185 of upper body, 171 muscle cramps, 185 143f superficial front line, 146–148, 146f supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and idiopathic cramps, 185 teres minor, 171, 175f paraphysiological cramps, 185–186 deep/superficial toe extensor symptomatic cramps, 185 muscles and tibialis anterior, 147, subscapularis and biceps brachii, muscle energy techniques (MET) 147f 171, 176f stretching methods, 85 important myofascial structures, trapezius and levator scapulae, 171, muscle injuries, 185–186 146–148 176f muscle spindle, 81, 82b, 82f muscle strains, 185 lateral scalp fascia, 148, 148f rhomboids, 171, 177f myofascial foam roll in self-massage, patellar ligament, 147, 147f pectoralis major and minor, 171, quadriceps femoris, 147, 147f 235, 236f rectus abdominis, 147, 148f 178f myofascial meridians, 141 SCM, 147–148, 148f SCM and scalenus anterior, 171, myofascial pain syndrome, 161–180 sternalis/sternochondral fascia, 178f manual massage techniques, 167–168 147, 148f myositis ossificans, 185 muscle and connective tissue stretch myofascial structures, 143–145, myoskeletal approach, 140 techniques, 169–170 148–152 N treatment, 167–171 myofascial tender points, 123 drug treatments, 171 myofascial trigger points (MTrPs), naprapathy, 139–140 dry or wet needling, 170 neck herbal remedies, 171 161–180 microcurrent therapies, 171, 171f classification, 164–165 posterior aspect of, 145, 145f moist heat, 170 self-massage, 242 transcutaneous electric nerve active, 164 associated trigger points, 164 Stick, The, 242, 243f stimulation, 171 attachment, 164 thumbs, 242, 243f example, 171 central, 164 stretch, 112–115 common MTPs of the lower body, 171 key trigger points, 164 neuropathic pain, 182 common MTPs of the upper body, latent, 164 neurotendinous spindle, 83b, 83f satellite, 165 nociceptive pain, 182 171 localization of, 165–166 nociceptors, 182 myofascial release techniques, 141–156, increased skin moisture over MTrP, nonsteroid antiinflammatory drugs 170 165, 165f (NSAIDs), 191, 183 arm lines, 153–155, 154f palpation, 165–166 Nurmi, Paavo, 1–2 deep front line, 155, 156f reduced skin motility over the functional lines, 155–156, 157f O lateral line, 148–152, 149f MTrP, 165, 165f referred pain, 166, 167f Ober’s test, 196, 196f abdominal obliques, 151, 151f of lower body, 171 olecranon bursitis (student’s elbow), external and internal intercostal quadriceps femoris and adductor 191 muscles, 151, 152f magnus, 171, 172f Olympic Games, 1924 (Paris), 1–2 gluteus maximus muscle, fascial ischiocrural muscles, 171, 173f one-finger friction, 16, 16f gastrocnemius and soleus, 171, 173f oscillation/jostling, 23, 23f, 35 structure of, 150–151, 150f gluteus medius and minimus, 171, Osgood-Schlatter disease, 190 iliotibial tract, 150, 150f osteoarthritis, 189, 191 important myofascial structures, 174f osteoarthrosis, 191 piriformis, 171, 174f osteopathy, 139 148–152 TFL and tibialis anterior, 171, 174f overuse (overload) injuries, 189–191, lower leg, fascial structures, pain and, 163–164 convergence-projection, 164 189f, 194–197 149–150, 150f sympathetic hyperactivity, 164 environmental factors, 190 SCM, 152, 152f palpation, localization by, 165–166 equipment-related factors, 190 splenius capitis, 151, 152f deep/probing, 166, 166f extrinsic factors, 189–190 superficial fasciae of lateral aspect flat, 166, 166f inflammation, 190–191 locating the taut band, 165–166, intrinsic factors, 190 of chest, 151, 151f tensor fasciae latae fascia, 150, 166f 150f 251

Index overuse (overload) injuries (Continued) palm, 35 jostling stress fractures, 191 palm heel, 13, 13f of both legs, 53, 53f training-related factors, 189 of shoulders, pelvis, hips and legs, treatment, 191–192 reinforced, 13, 13f 58, 58f S-stroke, 14–15 P observation, 53 modified, 14, 14f palm broadening pain modified S-stroke/elbow, 15, 15f anatomy, 182–183, 182f regular, 14, 14f of ischiocrural/hamstring muscle classification, 182–183 forearm, 13, 14f group, 53, 55f definition, 182 lifting, 13, 13f inflammation and, 182–183 Pilates, 192 of right thigh, 57, 57f myofascial trigger points, 163–164 pirisiformis muscle, 98, 171, 174f palm compressions convergence-projection, 164 strain counterstrain, 123–124, sympathetic hyperactivity, 164 alternate, of right calf muscles, 55, 123f 55f pain receptors, 182 stretch, 105–106, 107f painful arch, 196–197 tender points, 123f of lower leg, 57, 58f painful heel pad, 194, 195f planar glide/reinforced 4-finger glide, of shoulder area, 58, 59f palm compression, 9–10, 35 palm scrubbing 211, 211f alternate, 53, 53f double-handed, 9–10, 10f plantar aponeurosis of right leg, 57, 57f single-handed, 10, 10f right ischiocrural/hamstring muscle palm friction, 17, 17f fist glide of, 143–144, 144f palm glide, 211, 212f focal stretch and thumb glide of, 214, group suddenly cramps, 55, 56f palm heel edging, 20, 21f ROM stretch of right hip joint, 58, palm heel petrissage, 13, 13f 214f reinforced, 13, 13f plantar fasciitis, 194, 214 58f palm petrissage, 35 stretch palmar hand muscle release, 233, 233f taping, 201, 202f panniculosis, 168 point of light irritation, 88 of right gastrocnemius and soleus paratendinitis, 189, 190 portable massage table, 5, 6f, 30f muscles, 58, 59f patellar ligament, myofascial release, position of ease, 119, 120 positional release techniques (PRT), of right ischiocrural/hamstring 147, 147f muscles, 58, 59f patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS), 119–126, 170 post isometric relaxation (PIR) of right quadriceps and iliopsoas, 195, 217 58, 59f pectoralis major, 171, 178f technique (Karel Lewit’s modification), 85–86, 85f thumb compressions, 56, 56f release, 225, 225f posterior talofibular ligament, 187f time distribution, 52 self-massage, 244, 244f posterior tibial syndrome (periostitis), treatment, 30–32 stretch of, 114, 114f 190 postural integration, 140 pectoralis minor, 171, 178f postevent massage, 27, 30–32, 52–58 preevent massage, 27–30, 35–43 release, 226, 226f broadening of right calf muscles, 55, broadening self-massage, 244, 244f 55f stretch of, 114–115, 115f circular finger frictions and mild of ischiocrural/hamstring muscle percussion and stretch, 169–170 traction of neck area, 58, 59f group, 38, 38f periostitis see medial tibial stress coherency, 31 effleurage of right calf, 38, 38f syndrome of back of right leg, 53, 54f palm, of right thigh, 40, 41f peritendinitis, 190 of right gluteal and lower back area, circular finger frictions of neck area, peroneal muscle 53, 54f of right leg and gluteal area, 56, 56f 43, 45f release, 216, 216f of right leg, 57, 57f edging of right calf muscle, stretch, 100, 100f fist compressions, 56, 56f peroneus longus and brevis, 216 of right gluteal and lower back 39, 39f petrissage, 12–15 muscle, 53, 54f effleurage cycle ergometer pedaling and, 2 fist/palm compressions forearm, 13, 14f of right thigh, 57, 57f of back, 39, 40f lifting, 13, 13f on ischiocrural/hamstring muscle of back of right leg, 37, 37f group, 53, 54f of gluteal area and lower back, 37, highlights, 31b 37f of right leg, 40, 41f of right leg and gluteal area, 39, 40f fist compressions of right gluteal and lower back muscles, 38, 38f fist/palm compressions of ischiocrural/hamstring muscle group, 38, 38f 252

Index of right thigh, 40, 41f Q scaphoid bone fracture, 193 fist/thumb compression of right foot, scrubbing, 35 quadratus lumborum self-massage, 235–246 39, 40f release, 223, 223f highlights, 28b stretch, 109, 109f abdominal area, 242–243, 244f hypothenar rubbing of right arms, 244–245 quadriceps femoris, 171, 172f quadriceps, 41, 42f hypothenar rubbing, 72f flexor/extensor muscles of forearm jostling myofascial release, 147, 147f and hand, 245, 245f stretch, 101, 103f of both legs, 36, 37f flexor/extensor muscles of upper of hip and both legs, 42, 42f R arm, 244, 245f muscle stretching, 29–30 pace, 29 reciprocal inhibition, 77–78, 77b, 83–84, back, 240–242 palm compression 84f, 86, 98 latissimus dorsi/teres major of right tibialis anterior and muscles, 242, 243f rectus abdominis, myofascial release, lower back, 240–242, 241f peroneal muscles, 41, 41f 147, 148f mid and upper back with tennis/ of shoulder area, 43, 44f lacrosse balls, 242, 242f palm scrubbing, 36, 37f rectus femoris C-release, 217–218 palm/thumb compressions of elbow C-release, athlete supine, 218, chest, 244, 244f 218f feet, 235 shoulder/neck area, 39, 40f palm C-release, athlete supine, 218, primary massaged areas, 36f 218f dorsal aspect, 236f rhythmic lock/stretch pulling, 217f, 218 plantar aspect, 235, 236f pushing, 217–218, 217f hands, 246, 246f of peroneal muscles, 39, 39f lower legs, 235–237 of soleus and tibialis posterior referred autonomic phenomena, anterior, 235–237, 237f 166–167 posterior, 237, 238f muscles, 38, 39f neck, 242 ROM stretch rehabilitation, principles of, 183 upper neck muscles, anterior remedial massage, 32, 207–233, 208b of left hip joint, 42, 43f restorative massage, 207, 208b aspect, 242, 243f of right hip joint, 42, 42f rhomboids, 171, 177f shoulders, 244, 244f scrubbing of right leg, 40, 41f thighs, 237–240 stretch release, 224, 224f of left gastrocnemius and soleus stretch of, 110, 110f anterior aspect, 237–238, 238f rhythmic lock and stretch, variation, medial aspect, 240, 240f muscles, 43, 44f posterior aspect, 238–239, 239f of left hamstring/ischiocrural 213, 217f thigh, hips and gluteal area, lateral rhythmic stabilization (RS), 81 muscles, 43, 44f Rolfing, 140 aspect of, 240, 241f of left quadriceps and iliopsoas rolling, 35 tools, 235 rotator cuff pain, chronic, Tui Na muscles, 43, 44f exercise balls, 235, 236f of right gastrocnemius and soleus treatment for, 135–136 lacrosse and tennis balls, 235, 236f rubber gloves, 31 myofascial foam roll, 235, 236f muscles, 42, 43f rubor, 183 Stick, The, 235, 236f of right ischiocrural/hamstring Ruddy’s rapid pulsing duction, 86, 86f semitendinosus muscle runner’s knee see iliotibial band Active Isolated Stretching (AIS) of, muscles, 42, 43f of right quadriceps and iliopsoas syndrome 88, 89f runners, massage in, 61 Sen lines, 89–90 muscles, 42, 43f Sen Sib, 89–90, 90f strokes used in, 35 suggested areas, 61, 62f serratus anterior release, 226, 226f time distribution, 36 tibialis anterior muscles, compression Sever-Haglund disease, 190 prepatellar bursitis (housemaid’s knee), Shiatsu, 128–129 with mild lock and stretch, 61, 62f shin splints syndrome (periostitis), 190 191 see also prevent sports massage shoulder PRICE mnemonic, 188, 192f proprioceptive dysfunction, 120f treatment balance and hold in, 121–122, 121f proprioceptive neuromuscular impingement in, 196–197 S self-massage, 244 facilitation (PNF), 80–81 stretch, 112 irradiation, 81 sartorius muscle, stretch, 103–104, 104f Simmond’s calf squeeze test, 186–187, reciprocal inhibition/innervation, 81 scalenus anterior, 171, 178f successive induction, 80–81 187f psychological value, 3 pulsed muscle energy techniques (MET), 86, 86f 253

Index Sinding-Larsen’s disease, 190 medial meniscus, 124, 124f supraspinatus, 171, 175f skiing, massage for, 67–68 mobile point, 122, 123f release, 227–228, 227f piriformis muscle, 123–124, 123f stretch of, 112, 113f cross-country, 67–68, 67f subdeltoid bursa, 126, 126f downhill/snowboarding, suggested tender points (TPs), 122–123, 125f, supraspinatus tendinitis, 122 Swedish Movement Cure, 1, 139 areas, 67, 67f 126f swimming, massage for, 61–62 soleus muscle, lock and stretch, 68f straps, stretch, 98–99, 99f skin bend, 24, 24f stress fractures, 189, 191 ankles, alternate bilateral palm skin lift, 25, 25f stretch frictions, 62f skin push, 24–25, 24f skin rolling, 24, 24f, 168, 168f active, 80 suggested areas, 62, 62f skin strokes, 24–25 dynamic, 80f slow rehearsal (SR), 81 gluteal area and hips, 104–106 T snapping hip, 196 lower body, 99–104 myofascial release manipulation in, 140 static, 80f talofibular ligaments, taping, 201, 201f soccer, massage for, 71 upper body, 106–116, 107f, 108f taping, 199–206 hamstring stretch, 71f stretch techniques, muscle and suggested areas, 71 basic rules, 199 soft tissue manipulation, 140 connective tissue, 169–170 finger stabilization/Buddy taping, 204, soft tissue release finger percussion, 169–170, 170f arms, 229–232 home stretching exercises, 170 205f chest region, 225–226 integrated neuromuscular inhibition to lateral ligaments, 200–201, 200f feet and ankles, 214 painful heel pad, 202, 203f feet and lower legs, 214–216 technique (INIT), 170 plantar fasciitis, 201, 202f hands, 233 myofascial release, 170 prevention of thumb hyperextension, hips and gluteal area, 222–223 percussion and stretch, 169–170 lower and upper back, 223–224 positional release, 170 204, 204f neck area, 229, 230f range of motion, 170 to talofibular ligaments, 201, 201f shoulders, 226–229 spray and stretch/ice and stretch, 169 thumb stabilization, 202–204, thighs, groin and knees, 217–222 stretch with ‘4-finger stroke’, 169, 169f soleus muscle, 171, 173f trigger point pressure release, 169, 203f lock and stretch, 68f tapotement, 21–22, 35 release, 215, 215f 169f soleus syndrome (periostitis), 190 voluntary contraction and release cupping, 22, 22f splenius capitis hacking, 21–22 myofascial release, 151, 152f methods, 170 stretch of, 112, 113f stretch/myotatic reflex, 77f, 78b double-handed, 21–22, 22f sprain, 186 stretching, 77–80 pounding, 22, 22f spray and stretch, 169 slapping, 22, 22f S-stroke petrissage, 14–15 ballistic, 79–80, 79f tender points (TPs), 119, 122–123 modified, 14, 14f dynamic, 78–79, 79f of calcaneus, 125f modified S-stroke/elbow, 15, 15f passive, 78, 78f of long head of biceps brachii muscle, regular, 14, 14f static (yoga type), 77–78, 77f static active flexibility, 76, 76f stretchments, 139–140 125f static flexibility, 76 stripping, 35, 167–168, 167f of medial meniscus, 124f static passive flexibility, 76, 76f strokes, basic, 6–25, 7f of piriformis muscle, 123f static stretching, 75 structural integration, 140 of subdeltoid bursa, 126f sternalis, myofascial release, 147, 148f strumming, 168, 168f tendinitis, 189, 190 sternochondral fascia, 147, 148f student’s elbow, 191 tendinopathy, 189, 190, 191 Stick, The, in self-massage, 235, 236f subdeltoid bursa tendinosis, 189, 190, 191 strain counterstrain (SCS), 122–126 strain counterstrain, 126, 126f tendon injuries, acute, 186–188 calcaneus, 124–125, 124f, 125f tender points, 126f hamstring muscles, palm broadening, examples, 123–126 subluxations, 184–185 long head of biceps brachii muscle, subscapularis, 171, 176f 69f release, 228, 228f suggested areas, 69, 69f 125–126, 125f stretch of, 112, 113f tennis elbow see epicondylitis, superficial forearm extensor muscle lateral/medial release, 232, 232f tennis, massage for, 66–67 superficial forearm flexor muscle gluteal muscle, fist compression, 67f release, 232, 233f suggested areas, 66–67, 66f triceps surae group, fist frictions, 66f tenovaginitis, 190 tensor fasciae latae, stretch, 104, 105f tensor fasciae latae fascia 254

Index myofascial release, 150, 150f palm compression with hip stretch, rolling, 133–134 release, 222–223, 223f 91, 92f forearm rolling, 134f teres major muscles see latissimus dorsi rolling finish, 134f gluteus medius and minimus muscles rolling start, 133f and teres major muscles and lateral thigh stretch, 91, 92f teres minor muscles see infraspinatus rubbing, 132 hip extensor stretch, 92, 92f thumb, 132, 133f and teres minor muscles enhanced hip adductor stretch, thenar, 132, 133f thenar rubbing, 35 hypothenar, 132, 133f therapeutic stretching, 98 92–93, 93f thighs, self-massage, 237–240 stretch of medial aspect of thigh, scrubbing, 131 palm scrubbing, 131, 131f anterior aspect, 237–238, 238f including gracilis muscle, 93, 93f foam roll, 237 stretch of ischiocrural muscle group/ tumor, 183 hands, 237 reinforce thumb cross frictions, hamstring muscles, 93, 93f U 237 transverse friction, 19, 19f, 35 Stick, The, 237 United States, massage in, 2 deep, 19 upper back, stretch, 109–112 lateral aspect of thigh, hips and gluteal trapezius muscle upper body, muscles of area, 240 release, 224, 225f anterior aspect, 107f fingertips, 240, 241f stretch of, 111, 111f posterior aspect, 108f foam roll, 240, 241f trapezius scapulae, 171, 176f palm heel, 240, 241f triceps brachii V medial aspect, 240 release, 231, 231f hands, 240, 240f stretch of, 115, 115f V-frictions, 17–18 Stick, The, 240, 240f triceps surae muscle regular, 17–18, 18f posterior aspect, 238–239 fist glide/ thumb glide on, 144, reversed, 18, 18f fingertips, 238, 239f foam roll, 238, 239f 144f vastus lateralis release, 218, 218f Stick, The, 239, 239f stretch, 100, 101f vibrations, 24 Thompson’s test, 186–187, 187f trigger point pressure release, 169, Vir´en, Lars, 1–2 thoracolumbar fascia, 144, 145f voluntary contraction and release thumb 169f compression, 10–11, 11f true lines of stretch, 98, 98f methods, 170 edging, 20, 20f Tui Na, 128–129, 130–135 friction, 16, 16f, 17f W glide, 211, 211f in chronic rotator cuff pain, 135–136 hyperextension prevention, taping arm movement, 136 wedges, 98–99 digital pressing, 135 weight lifting, massage for, 63–64, and, 204, 204f grasping and forearm rolling of stabilization, taping, 202–204, 203f muscles in lower back, 135 64f tibial stress syndrome(periostitis), palm pressing and grasping, 135, quadriceps femoris muscle, fist 136f 190 treated acupoints, 135, 136f compression, 64f tibialis anterior, 147, 147f, 171, 174f, suggested areas, 64 grasping, 134, 134f wrestling, massage for, 63 216 kneading, 134, 134f levator scapulae muscle, braced stretch, 99, 100f lateral knee pain/‘runner’s knee’, tibialis anterior release, 216, 216f thumb compression, 63f tibialis posterior muscle, stretch, 100, 136–137 suggested areas, 63, 63f leg movement, 137 vastus lateralis muscle, lock and 100f pressing, 137 toe extensor muscles, deep/superficial, rolling, 137 stretch massage, 63f treated acupoints, 136–137, 137f 147, 147f in lumbar strain, 135–137 Y traditional Thai massage-influenced elbow pressing, 135 grasping and forearm rolling of Yin-yang, 129–130, 130f stretching techniques, 89–93, yoga, 77–78, 192 90f muscles in lower back, 135 adductor massage and hip stretch, 91, palm pressing, 135 Z 91f treated acupoints, 135, 135f rectus femoris massage with hip pressing, 131 Zen bodytherapy, 140 stretch, 91, 91f digital pressing, 131, 132f zinc oxide tape, 199 elbow pressing, 131, 132f palm pressing, 131, 132f 255