__Measurement_of_Joint_Motion__A_Guide_to_Goniometry_3rd_Edition

398 IN D EX H nexion of Iliacus muscle ;.'- Hamstrings anatomy of, 206, 206f recordings 01. 33f in Thomas 1t.'SI, 20M-211f, 206-211 .'/ muscle length testing in, 212f-215f. 212-215 testing 01,194,1941-1951 Iliofemoral joint ; distal. 236f-2391, 236-239 lateral rotation of anatomy of, 183f-184f. 183-184 arthrokinematics of, 184 Hand,137-179 testing of, 204, 204f-205f capsular pattern in, 184 nnalomicallandmarks of. 145f, 159f medial rotation of ostcokinemalics of, 183-184- an,Horny of, 137f-139f, 137-139 arthrokinematics of, IJ8.-140 testing 01, 202, 2021-2031 Iliotibial band capsular pattern in, 138-140 muscle length tL'Sting in anatomy of, 216, 216f carpometacarpal abduction of Obe, test, 216f-219f, 216-219 testing of. 164. 164f-165f of flexors, 206f-211f, 206-211 carpometacarpal adduction of of hamstrings, 2121-2151, 212-215 Inclinometers testing of, 166 Ober test in, 216f-219f, 216-219 in cervical spine tt.\"Sling carpometacarpal extension of straight leg test in, 212f-215f, of extension, 316, 316f testing of, 162. 162f-163f of flexion, 312, 312f carpometacarpal flexion of 212-215 of lateral nexioo, 322, 322f lesting of, 160, 160f-161£ of tensor fasciae latae, 216f-219f, of rotation, 326, 327f carpomct\"'lcarpal opposition of, 166, (l\\'ervicw of, 24-25, 25f 1671-1691, 168 216-219 price list for, 385t interphalangeal extension of Thomas test in, 206f-2111. 206-211 testing of, 154, 158. 175 osh..\"Okinematics of, 183-184 reliability of. 42 interphalangeal flexion of positioning of 'esting of, 152, 152f-153f, 155, example of, 1Sb, 19f in ankle and foot tt.'Sting, 252 155f-157f, 173, 173f-174f range of motion of in hip testing, 192 metacarpophal.mgeal abduction of age and, 184I-186t, 184-187 in shoulder 1c:.'Sting, 67 'esting of, ISO, lS01-15H ballet and, 188 in thomcic and lumbar spine h..osting, metacarpophalangeal adduction of body-mass index and, 187 testing of, 152 dj5<)bility and, 188-189 331l-340, 339t metacarpophalangeal extension of example of, 12b, 13f in thoracic .,od lumbar spine testing testing of, 148, 148f-149f, 172 functional, 189f-190f, 189t, 189-190 metacarpophalangeal flexion of gender and, 187 age and, 334 \"'Sting of, 146, 146f-147f, 170, normative values for, 377t disability and, 334 170f-171f numerical recording form for, 390£ of flexion, 346, 346f-347f, 351, 351£ muscle length testing in, 176£-179f. reliability and validity in testing of, of lateral flexion, 359, 359f 176-179 of rotation, 362, 362f-363f osteokinematics of, 137-140 190-192,1911 Index finger. St'\" a/$o Hand range of motion of, 140-175 research findings in, 184t-l86t, 184-189 range of motion of. 14lt age and, 140-142 sagittal-fronta.l-transverse... r o t a t i o n numerical rt.\"Cording form for, 389f functional. 143f, 143-144, 144t Infunts_ Si?l~ a/50 Children gender and, 140-142, 1411 method of recording, 33b-34b range of motion in, 11 normative values for, 376t-377t sports and, 188 Injury numerical recording form for, 389f testing position and, 187-188. 188t, 381t ankle and foot, 250 reliilbility and validity in testing of, House painting repetitive wrist, 117 144-145 range of motion necessary for Instruments, 21-27, 22f-2.iir. St'l'lIl~ specific research findings in, 140t-141t, cervical spine, 303 instruments 14{)-l44, 143f, 144t Humerorndial joint. Sec also Elbow electrogoniomelcrs as, 25-26 right vcrSlIsleft sides and, 142 anatomy of. 91£-92f, 91-92 gmvity-dependcnt goniomctcrs as, 2<1-25, testing position and, 142-143, arthrokincmatics of. 92 3811 ostookinematics of. 92 25f Humeroulnar joint. See a/so Elbow Head. St'!! alSD Cervical spine; aniltomy of, 91£-92f, 91-92 univers.,l goniometer as, 21-24, 22f-24t Temporomandibular joint arthrokinematics of, 92 temporomandibular joint and position of, osteokinematics of, 92 26 368 Humerus visual estimation WT$IIS. 26--27 as shoulder anatomical landmark, 68f-69f Interossei muscles Hereditary disorders Hydrogoniometers muscle length testing in, 176f-179f, hypermobility in, 10 in shoulder testing.. 67 in thoracic and lumbar spine testing 176-179 Hip age and, 334 Interph'lli'lngcill joints abduction of Hypermobility 'l'Sting of, 198, 198f-I991 causes of, 10 foot. Sf/.' also Foot adduction of defined,10 anatomy of, 246, 24M 'esting of, 200, 2oo1-20lf in range of motion testing. 10, 11t arthrokinematics of, 246 anatomicililandmarks of, 192f-193f Hypcrmobility syndrome extension of, 287 anatomy of, 183I-i84l, 183-184 defined, 10 nexion of. 287 arthrokinem.. tics of, 184 ostt.'okinematics of. 246 capsul;lr pattern in, 184 Hypomobility extension of causes of, 9 hand. Set' also Hand testing of, 195, 1961-197f defined, 8-9 anatomy of, 137f-139f, 138-139 in range of motion testing, 8-10, 9t arthrokincmi'ltics of. 138, 140 sagittal-frontal-transverse-rotation capsul.'lr pattern of, 138, 140 method of recording, 34 extension of, 154,158,175 nexion l1f, 152, 152f-153f, 155, 1551-157f, 173, 173f-174f ostcokincmatic!' of, 138, 140 range of motion of, 140, 140t-141t,

J NDEX 399 .' ':' ~ ',\". \"l\" ~ 142 muscle length testing in diS<lbility and, 337 range of motion of distal hamstring length test in, functional, 337f-338f, 337-338 236f-239f,236-239 gender and, 334--335, 335t-336t normative values (or, 376t-377t Ely test in, 232-235, 233f-235f lifestyle and, 335-337 Inlerteste. reliability normative values for, 379t osteokinematics of, 222 numerical recording form for, Wf evaluation of. 42 range of motion of occupation and, 335-337 in ankle and foot testing, 252-254. reliability and validity of testing of, 253t-254t age and, 223t-224I, 223-225 in cervical spine testing, 303-306, 304t body~mass index and, 225 338-342, 3391 in elbow testing, 98 functional, 225, 226f, 226t-227f research findings in, 333-337, 334t-336t exercise for. 50-51 gender and, 225 rotation of in hand testing. 144 normative values for, 3771 testing of, 36Of-363[, 360-363 in hip testing, 19lt, 191-192 numerical recording form for, 390f Lumbrical muscles in knee testing, 227t, 227-228 reliability and v<1lidity in tcsting of, muscle length lesting in, 176f-179f, in shoulder testing, 63, 65 171>-179 in temporomandibular joint testing, 369 2271,227-228 in thoracic and lumbar spine testing. rt.>search findings in, 223t-224t, 223-225 M 338-342,339t testing position for, 18b,38H Mandibular length. See also in wrist testing, 118-119 Kypllomelers in thoracic and lumbar spine testing, 339 Temporomandibular joint Intervertebral joints. Sec also Cervical spine Kyphosis range of motion and, 368-369 anatomy of, 296, 296f occupational, 336-337 Me-an arthrokinematics of. 297 defined. 43 capsular pattern in, 297 l standard error of, 47 Llndmarks Measurement oSh..'Okincmatics at 296-297 standard error of, 47-48 anatomical. St'C An~tomicallandmarks Measurement errors IntracJass correlation coefficient Lifestylc defined,43 in reliability evaluation, 46-47 goniometer-related,29 in temporomandibular joint disorders, reliability and, 41 Intratester reliability 368-369 st,lndard deviation indicating, 44-45, ev.lluation of, 42 in ankle and foot t(.'Sting, 252-254, thoracic and lumbar spine range of 451 253t-254t motion and, 335-337 Measurement instruments, 21-27, 22f-25f. in cervical spine testing, 303-306, 304t in elbow testing, 98 Ligaments 5,\"1.' alSQ Coniometers; lnstrumt.!nts; other exercise for, 48-19 elbow, 91, 92f instruments in hip testing, 190-191, 19lt wrist, llIf-JJ2f, 1lI-JJ2 Medial-lateral ilxis in knee testing. 227t, 227-228 defined, 4, Sf in shoulder testing. 63, 65 Little finger. Sa' also Hand Men. Sec Adults; Gender in temporom~ndibul<lrjoint testing, 369 range of motion of, 14tt Met~carpophalangealjoints. See also Hand in thoracic and lumbur spine testing. numerical recording form for, 389f anatomy of, 137, 137f-139f, 139 33S-342,339t arthrokinematics of, 138--139 in wrist testing. 118-119 Looking upward capsular pattern of, 138-139 r<lnge of motion necess.1ry for osteokinematics of, 137-139 Inversion. Sf.'C Ankle; Foot cervical spinc, 302, 302f range of motion of, 140, 140t-14lt , Lordosis age and, 11, 12, 142 occupational,336-337 gender and, 142 J.1W. Sc(.' Temporomandibul~r joint normative valul.'S for, 376t-3nt Low-back pain testing position and, 142-143 Joint effusions range of motion and, 337 Metal goniometers c~psular pattern in, 10 price list for, 384t Lower-extremity tl.'Sting. 181-291. See also Mctatars.lls Joint measurements specific structures in transverse tars.-t! eversion h.'Sting. body position nnd, 38lt ankle and fool in, 241-291 276f-278f,271>-278 hip in, 183-219 in transverse tars.ll inversion testing, Joint motion testing knee in, 221-239 274f-275f,274-275 basic concepts in, 4-6, Sf numerical recording forms fQr, 390f-39lf Mctatarsoph~lange~1joints. Sec also Foot body position ~nd, 18t ()bjcctives in, 181 Olbduction of criterion-relalt.>d. validity of, 40 reliability studies of, 41-42 testing of, 284f-285f, 284-285 reliability studies of, 41-43 Oldduction of Lumbar spine testing of, 286 K anatomical landmarks of, 343f anatomical landmarks of, 279f Knee anatomy of, 332-333, 333f an.ltomy of, 245, 246f arthrokinematics of, 333 arthrokinematics of, 245 anatomical landmarks of, 229f c~psular pattern in, 333 capsular pattern in, 245-246 anatomy of, 221f, 221-222 extension of extension of arthrokinem~tjcsof, 222 testing of, 352f-355f, 352-355 normative vOllucs for, 378t capsular patlern in, 222 flexion of testing of. 282f-283f. 282-283 extension of tcsling of, 344f-35i f, 344-351 lateral flexion of tl.'Sting of, 232 testing of, 3561-359f, 351>-359 flexion of osteokincmatics of, 333 r,1nge of motion testing of, 230, 230f-231£ testing position and, 38lt goniometer for range of motion of age and, 333-334, 335t-336t example of, 24b, 24f

400 INDEX flexion of in range of motion testing, 6, 6f-7f 92 normative values for, 31St NK Hand Assessment System of iliofemoral joint, 183-184 Icsling of, 28Of-28If, 280-281 of interphalangeal joints reliability of, 145 osteokinematics of. 245 Noncapsular pattern of restricted motion fool,246 Midcarpal joint. See also Wrist hand,l38 defined,10 thumb, 140 anatomy of, l1lf-112£, 111-112 example of, tOb of intervcrtebrill and zyg<lpophySC.ll arlhrokincmatics of. 112 in range of motion testing, 10 joints, 296-197 osteokincmatics of. 112 Normative values of lumbar spine, 333 Middle finger. See also Hand range of motion of mctilcarpophJlangeal joints, 137-139 range of motion of. 141t of metatilrsophalangeal joints, 245 ankle and foot, 378t of midtarsal joint, 244 numerical recording form for, 389f cervical spine, 378t planes and axes in, 4-6, Sf Midtarsal joint. See also Ankle elbow and forearm, 375t finger, 3761 of radioulnar joints, 93 anatomy of, 244, 244f glenohumeral joint, 316t arthrokinematics of. 245 hip,377t of scapulothoracic joint, 60 capsular pattern in, 245 knee, 3771 of sternoclavicular joint, 58 osteokinematics of, 244 shouider, 37st of subtalar joint, 243 Modified Schober test temporomandibular joint, 3791 of talocrurnl joint, 241 i.n thoracic and lumbar spine testing thoracic and lumbar spine, 379t of farsometalars.:ll joints, 245 thumb,377t of temporomandibulnr joint, 365-366 of extension, 355 wrist, 37St of thoracic spine, 331-332 of flexion, 350, 3SOf Numerical recording forins of tibiofemoral and pateUofemoral joints, reliability of, 340-341 instructions for completing, 32, 32f Modified-modified Schober tcst for muscle length, 391 f 222 in thoracic and lumbar spine testing for range of motion, 387f-391f of tibiofibular joints, 241 of extension, 354f, 354-355 of ankle and foot, 390f of wrist, 112 of flexion, 348£-349f, 348-349 of elbow and forearm,388f procedure for. 343 of hand, 389f p Motion of hip, 390f range of. See Range of motion; spL\"Cific of knee, 390f Pain joints of shoulder, 388f caust'S in pJssive range of motion of, testing. Site Testing moHon of spine, 387f 7-8 Mouth opening of temporomandibular joint, 387f low-back,337 in temporomandibular joint of wrist, 388f disorders of, 368-369 Palmar interossei muscles head and neck positions and, 368 o muscle length testing in, 176f-179£, mandibular length and, 368-369 176-179 Icsting of, 370, 371f 08 Myrin gravity goniometer Muscle tcngth in thoracic and lumbar spine testing Passive insufficiency dcfined,12 reliability of, 340-341 defmed,12 Icsling of. 12-14, 13f-14f of biceps brachii, 106f-l07f, Ober test Passive range of motion. Sec also Range of of tensor fasciae latae muscle length, motion 106-107 216f-219f,216-219 defined,7 cxamplcs of, 12b, 13f, 14, 141 testing of, 7-8 of extensor digitorum, indicis, and Occupation example of. 7b range of motion and digiti minimi, 132£-135f, 132-135 cervical spine, 303 Pearson product moment correlation of flexor digitorum muscles, 128f-131f, thorncic and lumbar spine, 335-337 coefficient in relinbility evaluation, 46, 46t 128-131 Opposition of gastrocnemius, 288f-291f, 288-291 thumb, 166, 167f-169f, 168 Pectineus muscle of hamstrings, 212f-215f, 212-215, anatomy of. 207 Optotrak motion analysis system in Thomas test, 206f-211£, 206-211 236f-239f, 236-239 in knee testing, 228 of lumbricals and interossei, 176f-179f, Pendulum goniomctcrs, 24, 25f Orthoranger goniometer reliability of 176-179 reliability of in cervical spine tt'Sting, 305-306 numerical recording form for, in ankle and foot testing, 252 in elbow testing, 98 in elbow testing, 98 391f in hip testing, 190-191 Peripheral neuropathy of rectus femoris, 232-235, 233f-23Sf in shoulder testing, 66 ankle and foot rllnge of motion in,250 of tensor fasciae latat', 216f-219f, in wrist testing, 118 Personal care activities 216-219 Osteokinematics of triceps brachii, lOSf-109f, 108-109 of acromioclavicular joint, 59--60 r.mge or motion ncccss<\"try for M yrio 06 Coniometer, 25 of atlanta-occipital nnd ntlantoaxial joints, 295--295 cervical spine, 302 N of carpometacarpal joint, 138 shoulder, 63, 64f, 64t Neck. Sec also Cervical spine; defined, 4 wrist, 1161, 116-117, 117f of glenohumeral joint, 57 Picking up coin Temporomandibular joint of humcroulnl'lr and humeroradial joints, range of motion ncccsS<l.ry for temporomandibular joint and position of, hand, 143, 143f Picking up object from the floor 368 range of motion neccssi'lry for Neutral zcro method lumbar, 338, 338f Pictorial charts

in goniometry recordings, 32, 33f knee,227f IN 0 E X 401 Planes lumbar, 338, 338f of elbow testing. 97-98 in osteokinematics, 4-6. 5f R ev,lluation of, 43-51 Plantarflcxion. See Ankle; Foot Radiocarpal joint. See also Wrist Plastic goniometers coefficient of variation in, 45 anatomy of, ll1f-112f, 111-112 correlation coefficients in, 45-47, 46t price list for, 383t arthrokincmatics of, 112 exercises for, 48-51 Pleurimeter inclinometer oSlcokinematics of. 112 intcrtester, 50-51 Rndio!,'raphy intra lester, 48--49 reliability of in knee testing. 228 standard deviation in, 43-45, 441-45t in hip testing, 192 R.,dioulnar joint. See also Elbow stnndard error of measurement in, in thoracic and lumbar spine lesting. anatomy of, 92f-93f, 92-93 339 arlhrokinematics of, 93 47-48 ostcokinematics of, 93 Plumb line and skin markings Range of motion. St'£\" also specific joints goniometric study summary of. 31-43 in thoracic and lumbar spine testing adive,6-7 of hand testing. 144-145 age and. 334 basic concepts in, 6-12 of hip testing, 190--192, 19lt reliability of. 340 defined,6 of knee testing, 227t, 227-228 end-feels in, 8, 8t recommendations for improving. 42-43. Positioning. See also Testing positions factors affecting, 10-12 general procedures for. 17-18, 18t functional. Sec Functional range of 431 example of. 17 of shoulder testing, 63, 65-67 import,'lOce of, 17 motion of temporomandibular joint tt'Sting, joi.nt measurements and. 381t hypcrmobility in, to. 11 t in range of motion testing. 18t hypomobility in, B-1O, 9t 369 reliability and. 43t neutral7.cro method of h.>sting. 6, of thoracic nod lumbar spine testing.. Positions 6f-7£ 338-342, 339' testing. Sr:r: Positioning; 'J(;.'Sting position.. ex.lmple of, 6b of wrist testing. 117-119 normative values for, 375t-379t Repetitive injury Posture notiltion systems for, 6 wrist, 117 spinal numerical recording forms for, Replication diS<'lbility and, 337 387f-391f coefficient of \\'ariation 0;' 45 effects of stooped. 336-337 passive, 7-8 Right WrsllS left side n.'Cording of, 29-34, 31f-33f range of motion and Potentiometers, 25-26 reliability studies of, 41-43 Pouring from pitcher cxcrdSt.\">S for, 48-52 elbow, 95 statistical methods in, 43-48 himd, 141 range of motion necessary for testing proccdurL'S for, 20-21 shoulder, 62--63 villidity studies of, 40 wrist, 114- wrist. 115t. 116 RC.'lching Ring finger. See also Hand Power lifters range of motion necessary for range of motion of. 141 t elbow, 96, 96t numcricnl recording form for, 389f elbow range of motiqn in, 96 shoulder, 63. 64f--65f, 64t Rising from chair shoulder rotati()fi in, 63 wrist, 1I6t, 11~117, 117f range of motion necessary for Price lists Reading a ncwspU.pcr ankle and foot, 251, 252f goniometer, 383t-385t rnngc of motion nect..'SSo'ry for elbow, 96, 96', 97f Proccdull..'S, 17-36 elbow, 96, 961, 98f knee, 226f, 226t for alignment, 27f-29f, 27-30 Re<1rfoot. SL'~' Sublal\"r joint wrist, 115t, 116 Recordings Rotation. Set' .11$0 specific joints for end·fecl testing. 20-21 numerical forms for, 387f-391f sagitlal.frontal.tmnsverst....rut.ltion explanation of, 34--36 instnlcti(lns for, 32, 32f method of recording, 33 instntments in, 21-27, 22£-25f. Sec also procedull..'S for, 29-34, 31f-33f Rulers AMA guides in, 34 flexible. See Flexible rulers Goniometcrs; Instruments; other numerical forms in. 32, 32f in temporomandibular joint testing instruments pictorial charts in, 32, 33f l>f lateral deviation, 373, 373f fm positioning, 17-18, 18t sagittal-frontJl.transvcrse-rotation of mouth opening, 370, 371 f for range of motion testing. 20-21. See tl!5(l of protrusion, 372, 372f specific joints and structures method in, 33-34 reliability of, 369 for recording, 29-34. 31f-33f Rt..\"Ctus femoris muscle Running reliability .lnd, 42 ran~c of m(ltion OL'Ccssary for for stabilization, 18-19, 19f <lOi1tomy of, 206, 206£, 232, 233f ankle and foot. 251 testing, 35-36 in Ely test, 232-235, mf-23Sf Pronation. St'e Elbow i.n Thomas test, 206f-2Uf, 206-211 s Protrusion Reliability,41-51 testing of mandibular, 372, 372f of ankle and foot testing. 252-254, S.'gittal plane Proximal goniometer arm defined, 4, 5i defined, 28, 29f 253t-254t Proximal interphalangeal joints. See of cervical spine ksting.. 303-306, 304t Sagitt.,I-irontal-lriinsverse-rotation method Interphalangeal joints defined,41 in goniometry recmdings, 33-34 Proximal tibiofibular joint. St'e '£ibiofibular joints Sartorius muscle Psoas major muscle anatomy of, 206, 206£ an<1tomy of. 206, 206£ in Thomas test, 206f-211f, 206-211 Putting on socks in Thom<ls test, 206f-21lf, 206-211 range of motion nect'SSary for Sc<1pula hip, 190, 190f as shoulder anatomical landmark, 68f

402 IN 0 EX Scnpulothoradc joint rel.ii'lbility of, 341 Standard dcvintion anatomy of, 60 Sit to stand defined,43 arthrokincmatics of, 60 formulas for, 43 ostL'Okinemntics of. 60 range of motion ncct..'SS<'lry for in rCli<lbility c\\'Jlu<ltion. 43-45, 44t-45t lumbar, 337-338, 338f biological variation and, 44.-14t Schober test determination of mCiln and, 44. 44t modified-modified, 343. 348(-349f, Sitting mcusurement error and, 44-45, 45t 348-349. 354f. 354-355 range of motion ncccssary for of thoracic and lumbar spine hip. 190, 190f Standard error of menn modified. 340-341. 350. 35Of. 355 knL'C, 225. 226t modified-modified, 343, 348-349, 349f, standard error of measurement versus. 354f.354-355 Skin markings <lnd plumb line reliability of, 3391, 340 in thoracic and lumbar spine tesling 47 age and, 334 Standard error of measurement School bus usc reliability of. 340 low-back mobility and, 336 in reliability evaluatio-n, 47-48 Spinal poslure in shoulder testing, 66-fJ7 Semimembranosus muscle disability and. 337 anatomy of, 212, 212f, 2.16, 236f effects of stooped. 336-337 Standing on tiptoe in distal hamstring length lest, 236(-239f, range of motion nl'Ccssary for 23&-239 Spine ankle and foot. 250-251. 251f in straight leg it.'St. 212f-21Sf, 212-215 cervical. 295-328. Set' ,dso Cervical spine range of motion of Steering whccllurning Semitendinosus muscle nge and, 11, 12 range of motion necCSS<1ry for anatomy of, 212, 212£. 236, 23M numerical n..'COrding form for.387f wrist. liSt. 116 in distal hamstring length test, 236£-239£, rclinbility studies of, 42 236-239 studies of Sternoclavicular joint in strilight leg k'St. 212£-215£. 212-215 criterion-related v<llidity of, 40 anutomy of. 58. 5Sf reliability. 42 nrthrokinematics of, 59 Sewer workers testing objectiVes in, 293 ostcokinematics of. 58 stooped posture in, 336-337 thoracic and lumbar, 331-363. See also LumbJ,r spine; Thoracic spine Sternum Shoulder. 57-89. See also specific joints as shoulder anatomical landmark. 68f abduction of SPINETRAK system testing of, 78-80, 79f-8lf in thoracic and lumbar spine tl\"'Sting Stooped posture adduction of disability and, 3...17 testing of, 82 reliability of. 341-342 spin~1 cffl..'Cls of. 336-337 anatomical landmarks of, 68f--69f an<ltomy and function ()f, 57-60 Spinomcter St'Jight leg test of acromioclavicular joint, 59f, 59--«l in thoracic und lumbar spine tesling of hamstring muscle length. 2Uf-215f, of glenohumeral joint. 57f-58f, 57-58 age and occupation and, 335-336 212-215 of scJ.pulothoracic joint, 60 of sternoclavicular joint, S8f, 58-59 Spondylometcrs Subtalar jolnt. Set' a/so Ankle Cl(tcnsion of in thomdc and lumbar spine testing. anatomical landmark.. of, 269f k\"Sling of, 6, 7t 74-76, 75f-77f 340 anatomy of. 243, 243f flexion of arthrokinematics of. 243-244 '<sting of. 6. 7f. 70-73, 71f-73f Sports capsuhn pallern in, 243 range of molion of range of molion <lnd eversion of age and, 11,12, 6lt, 61-62 ccrvic,J1 spine. 302-303 testing of. 272f-273f, 272-273 Jlignment for tcsting of, 68, 68f-69f elbow, 95-96 inversion of b(xiy~mass index and, 62 hip. 189 testing of. 270f-27lf, 270-271 functional. 63, 64f-65f, 64t shoulder. 62-63 neutral position of gender and, 6Ot, 61-62 wrist injuril\"S in, 117 reliability of testing and, 253-254 normative valucs for, 37St ostcokinematics ot 243 numerical recording form for, 388f Stabilization reliability Jod validity in testing of, 63, procedufes fOf, 18-19. 19f Supin<ltion. Sec Elbow 65-67 .:mkle and foot. 256. 260. 264, 266, 270. Swimming research findings in, 60t-61t, 60-63 2n. 274. 276. 280. 282. 284 range of motion and sJgittal-frontal~transvcrse-rot<ltion cervicnl spine, 303 cervical spine, 310, 314. 318, 324 method of recording, 33b elbow. 100. 102. 104. 107-108 SynOVial inflammation sports ,md, 62-63 cxnrnple of, ISb, 19f capsular pattern in, 10 testing position and, 62, 381 t hand. 146. 148. 150, 152. 154-155. 158, rolation of T lateral (external), 86-88, 87f-89f 160.162.164.166.170.172 Talocrural joint. Sn' also Ankle medial (internal), 82-84, 83f-85f hip. 194. 196. 198,200,202.204.208. reliability studies of, 41 aniltomic<lllilndmarks of, 255f sports and, 62-63 213.216 aniltomy of, 241. 242f-243f Simplified skin distraction method arthrokincmiltics of. 241 in thoracic nnd lumbiJr spine tl\"Sting knl~,230,232,237 capsular pattern in. 241 of extension, 35M, 354-355 dorsiAexion of of flexion, 348f, 348-349 shoulder. 70, 74. 78, 82, 86 prt'Cedurc for, 343 tempnromandibular joint, 370, 371-373 tl\"'Sting of, 256f-259(. 256-259 thoracic and lumb<1r spine, 344. 348, osteokinemntics of, 241 plantilrflcxion ()f 352.354.356.360 wrist. 120.122,124.126 testing of. 260f-262f. 260-262 St<lir ascent nnd descent Tape measure mngc of motion necessary for ;:mkle and foot. 251, 25lf, 25lt in cervic.,1 spine testing hip. 189. 189f. 189' of extension, 315. 315f knee. 225. 2261. 226' of flexion, 311, 31H of lateral flexion, 321, 321£

'N D EX 403 reliability of, 306 in Thomas test, 206f-211f, 206-211 radiill deviation of, 124, 124f research findings in, 298t Testing motion ulnar deviation of, 126, 126f of rotation, 326, 326f Testing positions in thoracic and lumbar spine testing ankle ilnd foot cervicJI spine, 301-302 age and gender and, 335 abduction of, 284, 284f defined,17-18 of extension, 353f-355f, 353-355 dorsiflexion of, 256f,256-257 hand, 142-143 of flexion, 345, 345f, 348f-349f, 348-350 hip, 187-188, 188' of lateral flexion, 358, 358f eversion at 267, 267£, 272f, 2n-273, knee, 249-250 reliability of, 339t, 340-341 shoulder, 62 Tarsal joints. See also Ankle; Foot 276,2761 wrist. 114-115 anatomical landmarks of, 263f extension of, 282, 282f Testing procedures. Sec Procedures; specific eversion of nexion of, 280, 28Of, 286-287 procedures and structures '\",'ing of, 2661-268f, 266-268 inversion of, 264, 264f, 270, 270f, 274, Thomas tl.'.S1 inversion of testing of, 2641-265f, 264-265 274f of hip nexae muscle leng'h, 206f-212f, Tarsometat<lrsal joints. See also Foot muscle length in, 289f, 289-290, 291£ 206-212 anatomy of, 245. 245f plantarflexion of, 260. 260f Mthrokinematics of, 245 cervical spine Thoracic spine capsular pattern in, 245 extension of, 314, 314f, 316f-317f, an.. tomicallandmarks of, 343f ostcokinemntics of, 245 ilOatomy of, 331, 332f Telephone usc 316-317 arthrokinematics of, 332 range of motion necessary for flexion of, 310, 31Of, 313, 313f, 318, 318f, capsular pattern in, 332 cervical spine, 302 extension of elbow, 96, 96t 322f-323f. 322-323 h.osting of, 352f-353f, 352-353 hand,l44 rotation of, 324, 324f, 326, 328 flexion of wrist, 115, 115t. 116f elbow testing of, 344, 344f-347f, 347 Temporal variation extension of, 102 lateral flexion of defined,43 flexion of, lDO, l00f testing of. 356f-359f, 356-359 Temporomandibular joint, 365-373 muscle length in, 107, 107£, 109, l09E ostrokinemiltics of, 331-332 an;ltomicallandmarks of, 370f pronation of, 102, l02f range of motion of anatomy of. 365, 365f-366f supination of, 104, 100f age <:Ind. 333-334, 335t-336t arthrokinemalics of, 366 hand dis..ibility and, 337 capsulilr pattern in, 366-367 abduction 0(, ISO. ISO£, 164, 164f functiQnal, 337f-338f, 337-338 disorders of, 368-369 adduction of gender <lnd, 334-335, 335t-336t lateral deviation of extension of, 148, 148f, 154, 158, 162, lifestyle ilnd, 335-337 It.>sling of, 373, 373f normative VJIUl..'S for, 379t mandibular dcpn..'SSion of 162f, 172, 175 numerical recording form for,387f testing of, 370. 37lf flexion of, 146, 146f, 152, 15:?£, 155, 155f, occupation and, 335-3..17 mandibular protrusion of reliability and v<llidity of testing of, testing of, 372, 372f 160, l60f, 170, 170f, 173, l73f 338-342,339' objt.'Ctives in testing of, 293 muscle length in, 178, 178f-179f fl'..St'Mch findings 333-337, 334t-336to ostookinematics of, 365-366 opposition of, 166, 167f testing position and, 381 t range of motion hip rotation of testing position and. 381t abduction of, 198, 198f tf..'Sting of, 360f-363f, 360-363 range of motion of adduction of, 200, 200f age and, 3{)7, 367t extension of, 196,196£ Three-dimensional (3-D) Space System disorders and, 368-369 flexion of, 194, 194f in cervical spine testing, 305 genderand,367-368 muscle length in, 208. 209f, 213, head and neck positions and, 368 Thumb. Se..· also Hand mandibular length and, 268 214f-215f, 216, 217f-219f anatomicallandmnrks of, 159f normative values for, 379t rotation of, 202, 202£, 2Q.t., 2Mf anatomy of, 139, 139f numericill recording form for, 387f knee arthrokinenwtics of, 139 recording of, 370, 371f flexion of, 230, 230f capsular pattern in, 139 rcliilbility and val!dity of testing of, muscle length in, 234f-2..15f, 235, 238, c<lrpometilcarpal joint testing, 160, 160f-161f, 162, 162f-163f, 164, 369 238f 164f-165f, 166, 167f-169f, 168 rt..'Scilrch findings in, 367t, 367-369 shoulder interphalangcill joint testing, 173, Tendinitis l73f-174f,175 wrist, 117 ilbduction of, 78, 79f mctacarpophalangcill joint testing. 170, TcndcrAchilk-s lengthening procedure 170f-171£, 172 rilnge of motion and, 250 ndduction of. 82 ostcokinematics of, 139 Tennis plilyers range of motion of, 140, 141 t elbow range of motion in, 95-96 extension of. 74. 75f age <lnd, 142 shoulder rotntion in, 63 flexion of, 70, 71 f functional, 143-144. l44t Tensor filsciae latae muscle lateral rotation of, 86, 87f gender Zlnd, 142 .na'omy of, 206£, 207, 216, 216f medial rotation of. 82, 83f normative values (or, 377t in Obee teSt, 2161-2191, 216-219 temporomandibular joint numerical nx:ording fonn for, 389f depression of, 370, 371 f IJtcral deviatiQn of, 373, 373f libiofibulilr joints. S\"t' also Ankle protrusion Qf, 372. 372f anatomy of, 241, 242f thoracic and lumbar spine arthrokinematics of, 241 extension of, 352, 352f, 354 flexion of, 344, 344f, 348, 350-351, 356, 356f rotJtion of, 360, 360f wrist extension of, 122, 122f flexion of, 120, 120f muscle length in, 130, 130f, 133, 134f

404 1N DE X capsular pattern in, 241 reli;:lbility studil..'S of, 41 cilpsular pattern in, 112 shoulder in, 57-89 extension of oS!(.'Qkinematics oC 241 wrist in, 111-135 tt..>sting of, 122, l22f-l23f TOe. Sl'e also F,x)t v flexion of nn<1tomy of, 246, 2-t6f arthrokincmatics of. 246 Vi1lidity, 39-tl reli'1bility studil..'S of, 41 ost('Okinemtltics of, 246 of ankle ;)nd foot tl'Sting, 252-254 testing of, 120, 120f-l2If of cervical spine testing, 303 muscle length testing in, 128f-135f, r<logc of motion of concurrent, 39 128-135 interphalangeal joint tcsting in. 287 construct, 4Q--41 ost<.'<:lkincmatics of, 112 numerical recording form (or, 390r content, 39 radiul deviation of rL.osearch findings in, 246, 2461 criterion~rclatcd. 39-40 testing of. 124, 124f-125f tcsting position and, 250. 38lt dcfinl'<1, 39 range of motion of of elbow testing.. 97-98 ilge and, 113f, 113-114 Transverse plane face, 39 func!;onal, l1St-l161, 115-117, 116f-117f defined, 4-5, Sf of hand testing. 144-1·15 gendcr and, 114 of hip testing, 190-192 normative villucs for, 37St Transverse tarsal eversion of knee testing,. 227-226 numerical recording form for,388f tcsting of, 276f-278t 276-278 of shoulder testing.. 63, 65-67 reliability and validity in testing of, of temporomandibular testing, 369 Transverse tars.ll inversion 117-119 tcsting of, 274£-275£. 274-275 of thoracic and lumbar spine «.'Sting, rescMch fLndings in, 1I2t-H3!, Transverse tars.11 joint. $t.'C also Ankle 338-342 112-115 anillomy of, 244, 244f of wrist testing. 117-119 right Vt:rsllS left sidt.'S and, 114 ilrthrokinematics of, 245 Variation tcsting position and, 114-115.3811 cilpsular pattern in, 245 coefficient of, 45 ulnar de\\'iation of oSlcokinematics of, 244 Vertebrae. Sec also Cervic<ll spine; Lumbar testing of, 126, 126f-127f spine; Thoracic spine Writing Triceps brachii ,1nattlmy of, 295, 295f-296f, 331-333, rangt! of motion neccssary for muscle length testing of, l08f-I09f, hand, 143, 143f 108-109 332f-333f Vertical axis Z True biological variation ZygapophySi'al joints. See also Cervical defined, 43 defined,4, Sf Visual t.-stimation spine U anatomy of, 296. 297f UnivCfS<ll goniometer, 21-24, llt'-24i goniometer use vrrSIJS, 26-27 ilrthrokincmatics of, 297 reliability uf capsular pattern in. 297 components of, 22f-23f. 22-23 ostookincmatics of. 296-297 example of, 24b, 24f in cervical spine testing, 304-306 exercise for. 26 in knt.'C test.i.ng. 228 metal, 22. 22f plastic, 22, 22f w rcliaoility of, 41-43 Walking in ilnkle and foot testing, 252-254 low-back mobility and, 336 in cervical spine testing, 303-304 range of motion nl'Cessary for in elbow testing, 98 ankle and foot, 2.50-252, 251 t in hip testing, 192 h;p, 189, 1891, 1891 in knee testing.. 227-228 knee, 226, 226t, 227t in shoulder tcsting, 66-67 in thorilcic and lumbar spine testing, Wallpapering range of motion ncc(.'Ssary for 357, 357f, 360, 36lf cervicill spine, 303 in wrist testing, tt8 uses of, 21 W()m~n. Set' Adults; Gender Upper~extrcmity testing, 55-179. Set' also Wrist, \"111-135. St'l~ al$o specific joints specific structufCS dbow ilnd foreilrm in, 91-H19 anatomical landmarks of, 119f hilnd in, 137-179 anntomy of, 11 If-1l2f, 111-112 numerical recording forms for, 388f-389£, arthrokinematics of, 112 39lf objectiVes in, 55