__Manipulative_Therapy__Musculoskeletal_Medicine

Manipulative Therapy Herzog W, Zhang Y T, Conway P J et al Hirschkoff S 1966 La palpation ganglia and chronically injured axons, 1993 Cavitation sounds during spinal dynamique. Rheumatologie 18:47–51 a physiological basis for the radicular manipulative treatments. Journal pain of nerve root compression. Pain of Manipulative and Physiological Hodges P W, Richardson C A 1996 3:25–41 Therapeutics 16:523–526 Inefficient muscular stabilization of Hsieh C J, Phillips R D, Adams A H the lumbar spine associated with et al 1992 Functional outcomes Hestbaek L, Leboeuf-Yde C 2000 low back pain. A motor control of low back pain, comparison Are chiropractic tests for the evaluation of transversus abdominis. of four treatment groups in a lumbo-pelvic spine reliable and Spine 21(22):2640–2650 randomized controlled trial. Journal valid? Journal of Manipulative and of Manipulative and Physiological Physiological Therapeutics 23: Hoehler F K, Tobis J S, Buerger A A Therapeutics 15:4–9 258–275 1981 Spinal manipulation for low Hsieh C Y, Hong C-Z, Adams A H back pain. Journal of the American et al 2000 Interexaminer reliability Hestbaek L, Leboeuf-Yde C, Engberg Medical Association 245:1835–1838 of the palpation of trigger points in M et al 2003 The course of low the trunk and lower limb muscles. back pain in a general population. Hohl M 1964 Normal motion of the Archives of Physical Medicine and Results from a 5-year prospective upper portion of the cervical spine. Rehabilitation 81(3):258–264 study. Journal of Manipulative and Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery Huber E H, Ginzel H, Tilscher H 1977 Physiological Therapeutics 26: 46A:1777–1779 Die Belastung des Skeletts von 213–219 Kindern und Jugendlichen durch Hohl M, Baker H R 1964 The atlanto- Ausübung verschiedener Sportarten. Hettinger T 1983 Isometrisches axial joint. Roentgenographic and Pädiatrie und Pädologie 12:272–282 Muskeltraining, 5th edn Thieme, anatomical study of normal and Hufschmidt H J 1959 Die Innervation Stuttgart abnormal motion. Journal of Bone der Rückenmuskulatur des and Joint Surgery 46A:1739–1752 Menschen. Pflügers Archiv für die Hides J A, Richardson C A, Jull G A gesamte Phyiologie 269:1–9 et al 1995 Ultrasound imaging in Hohmann D 1968 Die degenerativen Hufschmidt H J 1970 rehabilitation. Australian Journal of Veränderungen an den Propriozeptivität und Steuerung Physiotherapy 41:187–193 Costotransversal-gelenken. Enke, der Rückenmuskulatur. In: Wolff H Stuttgart D (ed) Manuelle Medizin und ihre Hildebrandt J, Argyrakis A 1986 wissenschaftlichen Grundlagen. Percutaneous nerve block of Hong C-Z 1994 Considerations Physikal Med, Heidelberg, p. 75–78 the cervical facets – a relatively and recommendations regarding Hughes B L 1993 Management of new method in the treatment of myofascial trigger point injection. cervical disk syndrome utilizing chronic headache and neck pain. Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain manipulation under anesthesia. Pathological-anatomical studies and 2:29–59 Journal of Manipulative and clinical practice, Journal of Manual Physiological Therapeutics 16: Medicine 2:48–52 Hong C-Z 1998 Algometry in evaluation 174–181 of trigger points and referred pain. Huguenin F 1984 Der intrakanalikuläre Hinck V C, Hopkins C E 1960 Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain Bandapparat des zerviko-okzipitalen Measurement of the atlanto-dental 6:47–59 Überganges. Eine klinische und interval in the adult. American diagnostische Studie seiner Funktion Journal of Roentgenology 84: Hong C-Z 1999 Current research und Verletzungen. Manuelle Medizin 945–951 on myofascial pain. Journal of 22:25–29 Musculoskeletal Pain 7:121–129 Huguenin F, Hopf A 1993 Die Hinz P, Erdmann H 1978 Die dynamische Untersuchung der Verletzungen der Halswirbelsäule Hong C-Z, Chen Y C, Pon C H et al Subokzipitalregion (Kopfgelenke) durch Schleuderung und 1993 Immediate effect of various mit der Methode der Abknickung. Wirbelsäule in physical medicine modalities Magnetresonanz. Manuelle Medizin Forschung und Praxis Volume47 on pain threshold of an active 31:82–84 Hippokrates, Stuttgart myofascial trigger point. Journal of Hülse M 1992 Die zervikale Dysphonie. Musculoskeletal Pain 1:37–53 Manuelle Medizin 30:61–66 Hinzmann P, Sachse J 1988 Funktionelle Hülse M 1994 Die zervikale Asymmetrie in der Beweglichkeit der Hong C-Z, Chen Y C, Pon C H et Hörstörung. HNO 42:604–613 oberen Extremität. Zeitschrift für al 1996 Histological findings of Hult L 1972 Frequency of symptoms for Physiotherapie 40:77–85 responsive loci in a myofascial trigger different age groups and professions. spot of rabbit skeletal muscle from In: Hirsch C, Zotterman Y (eds) Hirschberg G G, Fatt I, Brown E D where localized twich responses Cervical pain. Oxford, Pergamon Press 1986 Measurement of skin mobility could be elicited. Archives of Huneke W 1953 Impletholtherapie in the upper back. Scandinavian Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation und andere neuraltherapeutische Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 78:962 Verfahren. Hippokrates, Stuttgart 18:173–175 Horácek O 2002 Weakened muscles and Hirschberg G G, Williams K A, Byrd instability in radicular syndromes J 1992 Diagnosis and treatment of [in Czech]. Rehabilitace a Fyzikální iliocostal friction syndrome. Journal Lékarstvi 9:52–55 of Orthopaedic Medicine 14:35–39 Howald H 1984 Morphologische Hirscher G G 1998 An effective und funktionelle Veränderungen treatment of Morton’s neuralgia. der Muskelfasern durch Training. Journal of Orthopaedic Medicine Manuelle Medizin 22:86–96 20:13–14 Howe J F, Loeser J D, Calvin W H 1977 Mechanosensitivity of dorsal root 398

Further reading Hurwitz E L, Aker P D, Adams A Ivanichev G A, Lewit K 1994 system. Physiotherapy in Sport H et al 1996 Manipulation and Pathogenesis of contracture of the 3:39–42 mobilization of the cervical spine, a muscles of facial expression [in Janda V 1983 Prevention of injuries systematic review of the literature. Czech]. Rehabilitace a Fyzikální and their late sequelae. Australasian Spine 21:1746–1760 Lékarstvi 1:11–15 Journal of Physiotherapy 29:83–84 Janda V 1983 Muscle function testing. Hurwitz E L, Morgenstern H, Harber Ivanichev G A, Ivanicheva N A, Jesin Butterworth, London F et al 2002 The effectiveness of R G et al 1985 Changeable discrete Janda V 1984 Gestörte physical modalities among patients tonometry in the assessment of the Bewegungsverläufe und with low back pain randomized to efficacy of post isometric relaxation Rückenschmerzen. Manuelle Medizin chiropractic care, findings from the of local muscle tension [in Russian]. 22:74–79 UCLA low back pain study. Journal Nevropatol i psichiat 85:519–523 Janda V 1991 Muscle spasm – a of Manipulative and Physiological proposed procedure for differential Therapeutics 25:10–20 Jacob H A, Kissling R O 1995 The diagnosis. Journal of Manual mobility of the sacroiliac joints Medicine 6:136–139 Hutson M 2005 The challenge for in healthy volunteers between Janda V 1993 Die Muskelabschwächung science in manual/musculoskeletal 20 and 50 years of age. Clinical in der Rückenschule. In: Rieder medicine, in support of pragmatism. Biomechanics 10:352–361 H, Eichler J, Kalinke H (eds) Australasian Musculoskeletal Rückenschule interdisziplinär. Medicine 10:108–110 Jacobson G, Adler D C 1953 An Medizinische, pädagogische und evaluation of lateral atlanto-axial psychologische Beiträge. Thieme, Hutson M, Ellis R 2006 Textbook of displacement in injuries of the Stuttgart, p. 203–206 musculoskeletal medicine. Oxford cervical spine. Radiology 61:355–362 Janda V 1999 The relationship between University Press, Oxford structural and functional changes in Jacobson G, Adler D C, Bleecher A A the locomotor system [in Czech]. Hvidim H 1971 The influence of 1959 Pseudosubluxation of the axis Rehabilitace a Fyzikální Lékarstvi chiropractic treatment on rotatory in children. American Journal of 6:6–8 mobility of the cervical spine – a Roentgenology 82:472 Janda V 2002 The cervicocervical kinesiometric and statistical study. junction. Journal of Orthopaedic Annals of the Swiss Chiropractic Jakoubek B, Rohlícek V 1982 Changes Medicine 24:77–78 Association 5:31–44 of electrodermal properties in Janda V, Gilbertová S 1988 Excessive acupuncture points in men and strain on the upper extremities Hvidim M A 1997 Work-related rats. Physiologia bohemicoslovaca due to repeated movements (RSI upper limb disorders. Butterworth- 31:143–149 syndrome) [in Czech]. Pracov Lék Heinemann, Oxford 40:180–183 Janda V 1967 Die Motorik als Janda V, Lewit K 1980 Trends und Ibatulin I A, Zaiceva R L, Chudnovskij reflektorisches Geschehen und Perspektiven der Manuellen Medizin. N A 1987 Strojenie i gistografia ihre Bedeutung in der Pathogenese Manuelle Medizin 18:1–6 meniskoidnych struktur vertebragener Störungen. Manuelle Jandová J 2002 Contribution to a atlantozatylocnovo i atlantoosevych Medizin 5:1–5 clinical understanding of the scalene sustavov [in Russian] (Structure and muscles [in Czech]. Rehabilitace a histotopography of the meniscoids Janda V 1968 The dynamic motor Fyzikální Lékarstvi 9:12–13 of the atlanto-axial joints). Archiv patterns and their importance in Jani L 1972 Der Kreuzschmerz anatomii, gistologii i embriologii the rehabilitation of motor system bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. 92:30 dysfunctions [in Czech]. In: Pokroky Orthopädische Praxis 1:156–164 v rehabilitaci. SZdN, Prague, Jarvis G 1997 The relationship between Iljajeva S M 1994 Radonbäder und p. 119–137 upper and lower limb disorders and manuelle Therapie in der Behandlung lower limb neurodynamics. Journal von Patienten nach kraniozervikalen Janda V 1968 Die Bedeutung of Orthopaedic Medicine 19:35–42 Verletzungen. Manuelle Medizin der muskulären Fehlhaltung Jayson M I V 1970 The problem of 32:189–195 als pathogenetischer Faktor backache. The Practitioner 205: vertebragener Störungen. Archiv für 615–621 Iselin M 1977 Influence de la colonne Physikalische Therapie 20:113–116 Jayson M I V 1981 The lumbar spine vertébrale sur l’épicondylite. and back pain, 2nd edn. Pitman Therapeutische Umschau (Revue Janda V 1972 What is the typical Medical, London Thérapeutique) 34:88–91 standing position in humans? [in Jenker F L, Dossi A 1977 Czech] Cas Lék ces 111:748–750 Zusammenhänge und Ivanichev G A 1983 Functional status Diskrepanzen zwischen of the cervical spinal cord segments Janda V 1975 Muscle and joint klinischer Symptomatologie und in patients with localized muscle correlations. In: Functional pathology röntgenologischen Veränderungen hypertonus [in Russian]. Nevropatol i of the motor system. Rehabilitácia an der Halswirbelsäule beim psichiat 83:646–650 Supplement 10–11, 154–158 Ivanichev G A 1986 Manual therapy for Janda V 1975 Die muskulären secondary contracture of the muscles Hauptsyndrome bei vertebragenen of facial expression [in Russian]. Beschwerden. In: Neumann H Nevropatol i psichiat 86:357–359 D, Wolff H D (eds) Theoretische Fortschritte und praktische Ivanichev G A 1992 The Erfahrungen der Manuellen Medizin. electromyographic characteristics of Konkordia, Bühl, p. 61–65 muscle trigger points [in Russian]. Vertebronevrologia 2:33–37 Janda V 1982 Introduction to the functional pathology of the motor 399

Manipulative Therapy Zervikalsyndrom und Arm-Schulter- Jirout J 1980 Rotational synkinesis Jones A, Wolf S L 1980 Treating low Syndrom. Manuelle Medizin of occiput and atlas on lateral back pain. EMG feedback training 15:115–123 inclination. Neuroradiology 21:1–4 during movement. Journal of Jensen M C, Brant-Zawadzki M N, the American Physical Therapy Obuchowski N et al 1994 Magnetic Jirout J 1980 Einfluss der einseitigen Association 60:50 resonance imaging of the lumbar Grosshirndominanz auf das spine in people without back pain. Röntgenbild der Halswirbelsäule. Jones L H 1981 Foot treatment New England Journal of Medicine Radiologe 20:466–469 without hand trauma. Journal of the 331:69–73 American Osteopathy Association Jensen R, Bendtsen L, Olesen J 1998 Jirout J 1986 Significance of the time 72,481/87–489/95 Muscular factors are of importance factor in the dynamics of the cervical in tension-type headache. Headache spine. Journal of Manual Medicine Jönsson M 1966 38(1):10–17 5:277–293 Einstellungsuntersuchungen bei Jirout J 1964 Korelace dynamických Berglehrlingen unter besonderer poruch krcní pátere v sagitální Jirout J 1987 Die segmentale Berücksichtigung der Wirbelsäule. a frontální rovine [in Czech] synkinetische sagittale Deutsches Gesundheitswesen (Correlation of dynamic dysfunctions Hypermobilität bei Seitneigung. 21:1809–1811 of the cervical spine in the frontal Manuelle Medizin 25:71 plane). Ceskoslovenská Neurologie Jordan A, Bendix T, Nielsen H 27:196 Jirout J 1990 Radiographic signs of the et al 1998 Intensive training, Jirout J 1967 Dynamics of the spinal function of the intrinsic muscles of physiotherapy or manipulation dural sac under normal conditions. the spine. In: Paterson J K, Burn L for patients with chronic neck British Journal of Radiology 40: (eds) Back pain. An international pain, a prospective single-blinded 209–213 review. Kluwer Academic, randomized clinical trial. Spine Jirout J 1970 The response of the Dordrecht, p. 391 23:311–319 cervical spine to stress on the upper extremities in healthy subjects [in Jirout J 1990 Das Gelenkspiel der Jordan K 2000 Assessment of published Czech]. Ceskoslovenská Neurologie Halswirbelsäule. In: Biedermann reliability studies for cervical spine 33:7–61 H, Gutmann G (eds) Funktionelle range of motion measurement Jirout J 1971 Patterns of changes in Pathologie und Klinik der Wirbelsäule. tools. Journal of Manipulative and the cervical spine on lateroflexion. Vol. 1. Die Halswirbelsäule, Part 3. Physiological Therapeutics 23: Neuroradiology 2(3):164–166 Fischer, Stuttgart 180–185 Jirout J 1971 Vertebral tilting in the sagital plane on lateral flexion [in Jirout J 1991 A new approach to testing Jull G A 1993 Aspekte der Czech]. Ceskoslovenská Neurologie of long-term resistance of the spine konservativen Therapie akuter 34:225–229 to mechanical stress. Journal of lumbaler Bandscheiben-schmerzen. Jirout J 1972 Motility of the cervical Manipulative and Physiological Manuelle Medizin 31:62–66 vertebrae in lateral flexion of Therapeutics 14:509–511 the head and neck. Acta Jull G A, Trott P, Potter H et al 2002 Radiologica, Diagnosis Jirout J 1991 Effect of variations in A randomized controlled trial of (Stockholm) 13:919–927 mobility in the frontal plane at the exercise and spinal manipulation Jirout J 1972 Úcinek zevních vlivu na occiput-atlas level on the dynamics for cervicogenic headache. Spine lateroflexi krcní pátere [in Czech] of the atlas-axis segment during 27:1835–1843 (The influence of exogenous factors side-bending of the head and on lateral flexion of the cervical neck. Journal of Manual Medicine Jung A, Jung F M 1976 Das spine). Ceskoslovenská Neurologie 6:182–184 posttraumatische Zervikalsyndrom. 35:119–123 Manuelle Medizin 14:101–106 Jirout J 1973 Changes in the atlas-axis Jirout J 1997 The role of the deep relations on lateral flexion of the intersegmental muscles in the Jung A, Kehr P 1972 Das zerviko- head and neck. Neuroradiology dynamic synkinesis of the cervical enzephale Syndrom bei 6(4):215–218 spine [in Czech]. Rehabilitace a Arthrosen und nach Trauma der Jirout J 1976 Bedeutung der Fyzikální Lékarstvi 4:131–132 Halswirbelsäule. Manuelle Medizin Synkinesien für die Entstehung 10,97–103, 127–133. der Wirbelblockierung. Manuelle Jirout J, Lewit K, Kvícala V et al 1973 Medisin 16:1–2 Neuroradiology of the spine [in Junghanns J 1954 Das Jirout J 1978 Veränderungen der Czech]. Avicenum, Prague Bewegungssegment der Wirbelsäule Beweglichkeit der Halswirbel in und seine praktische Bedeutung. der frontalen und der horizontalen Johansson H P, Sjolander P, Sojka Archivio Putti Di Chirurgia Degli Ebene nach manueller Beseitigung O 1991 Receptors in the knee Organi Di Movimento 5:103–111 der Segmentblockierung. Manuelle joint ligaments and their role in Medizin 16:2–5 biomechanics of the joint. Critical Junghanns J 1979 Die Wirbelsäule in Reviews in Biomechanic Engineering der Arbeitsmedizin. Wirbelsäule 18:341–368 in Forschung und Praxis Volumes 78and79 Hippokrates, Stuttgart Johnston W L 1993 Functional technique. In: Basmajian J V, Nyberg Kabat H 1965 Proprioceptive facilitation R (eds) Rational manual therapies. in therapeutic exercise. In: Licht S, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, p. Licht E (eds) Therapeutic exercise, 335–346 2nd edn. Waverley Press, New Haven, p. 301–318 Jones L H 1981 Strain and counterstrain. The Academy of Kalcher B 1979 Die Beeinflussung der Osteopathy, Newark körperlichen Leistungsfähigkeit 400

Further reading durch skelettbedingte Störungen Kelly M 1956 Is pain due to pressure Klasmeier H 1961 Bandscheibenprolaps der Atemtechnik. In: Neumann H on nerves? Spinal tumors and the und Konstitutionstyp der Wirbelsäule. Fortschritte auf dem D, Wolff H D (eds) Theoretische intervertebral disk. Neurology Gebiete der Röntgenstrahlen und der Fortschritte und praktische 6(1):32–36 Nuklearmedizin 94:479 Erfahrungen der Manuellen Medizin. Kelly D D, Murphy B A, Backhouse Klawunde G A, Zeller H J Konkordia, Bühl, p. 134–137 D P 2000 Use of a mental rotation Kamieth H 1957 Die Mechanik der reaction-time paradigm to measure 1975 Elektromyographische Beckenringlockerung und ihre the effects of upper cervical Untersuchungen des M. iliacus statischen Rückwirkungen auf die adjustments on cortical processing, a (sagittale Blockierung im ilio- pilot study. Journal of Manipulative Wirbelsäule. Fortschritte auf dem and Physiological Therapeutics lumbosakralen Bereich). Beiträge Gebiete der Röntgenstrahlen und der 23:246–251 Orthopädie und Traumatologie Nuklearmedizin 87:499–511 22:420–424 Kamieth H 1983 Röntgenbefunde Kelton I, Wright W 1949 The mechanism Klawunde G, Zeller H J 1980 Über von normalen Bewegungen in of easy standing in man. Australian Verwendbarkeit verschiedener den Kopfgelenken. Wirbelsäule in Journal of Experimental Biolological Forschung und Praxis Volume 101 Medical Science 27:505–515 Parameter der Nervenleitfähigkeit zur Objektivierung Hippokrates, Stuttgart manualmedizinischer Befunde und Kane R L, Leymaster C, Olsed D Kelsey J L, White A A 1980 Therapieeffekte. Manuelle Medizin Epidemiology and impact of low 18:56–61 et al 1974 Manipulating the patient. back pain. Spine 5:133 A comparison of the effectiveness Kerry R, Taylor A J 2008 Arterial Kleynhans A M, Terrett A G 1985 of physician and chiropractor care. pathology and cervico-cranial pain The prevention of complications Lancet 1:1333 – differential diagnosis for manual from spinal manipulative therapy. Kappler R E 1979 Lumbosakrale therapists and medical practitioners. In: Glasgow E F, Twomey L T, Instabilität und Dysfunktion des International Musculoskeletal Scull E R (eds) Aspects of M. iliopsoas. In: Theoretische Medicine 30:70–74 manipulative therapy, 2nd edn. Fortschritte und praktische Kidd R, Nelso C 1993 Musculoskeletal Churchill Livingstone, Melbourne, Erfahrungen der Manuellen Medizin. dysfunction of the neck in migraine p. 161 Konkordia, Bühl, p. 169–171 and tension headache. Headache Klimt F 1992 Körperliche Belastbarkeit 33:566–569 und Leistungsfähigkeit im Schulalter Kapral M K, Bondy S J 2001 Cervical Kim J H, Partridge L D 1969 unter besonderer Berücksichtigung manipulation and risk of stroke. Observation on types of response to der Wirbelsäule. Manuelle Medizin Canadian Medical Association combination of neck, vestibular and 30:87–88 Journal 165:907–908 Kawchuk G M, Herzog W, Hasler E muscular stretch signals. Journal of Klougart N, Leboeuf-Yde C, Rasmussen M 1992 Forces generated during Neurophysiology 32:239 L R 1996 Safety in chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy of the Kimberly P E 1980 Bewegung, practice. Part I: The occurrence cervical spine, a pilot study. Journal Bewegungseinschränkung und of cerebrovascular accidents of Manipulative and Physiological Anschlag. Manuelle Medizin after manipulation to the neck in Therapeutics 15:275–278 18:53–55 Denmark from 1978–1988. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Keating J C, Bergmann T T, Jacobs G E Kinalski R, Kuwik W, Pietrzak D 1989 Therapeutics 19:371–377 et al 1990 Interexaminer reliability of The comparison of results of manual eight evaluative dimensions of lumbar therapy versus physiotherapy Klougart N, Leboeuf-Yde C, Rasmussen segmental abnormality. Journal methods used in treatment of L R 1996 Safety in chiropractic patients with low back pain practice. Part II: Treatment to of Manipulative and Physiological syndromes. Journal of Manual the upper neck and the rate of Therapeutics 13:463–470 Medicine 4:44 cerebrovascular incidents. Journal Keegan J 1944 Neurosurgical Kirk J H, Ansell B, Bywaters E G of Manipulative and Physiological 1967 The hypermobility syndrome. Therapeutics 19:563–569 interpretation of dermatome Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases Knott M, Voss D E 1968 Proprioceptive hypalgesia with herniation of lumbar 26:419–425 neuromuscular facilitation, 2nd edn intervertebral disc. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 24:236 Keegan J 1947 Relations of nerve Kirkaldy-Willis W H (ed) 1992 Harper & Row, New York roots to abnormalities of lumbar Managing low back pain, 3rd edn. Knutsson E, Skoglund C R, Natchev E and cervical portions of the spine. Churchill Livingstone, New York Archives of Surgery 55:246–270 1988 Changes in voluntary muscle Kittel R, Badtke G 2000 Blockierungen strength, somatosensory transmission Kehr P, Mittau M, Steib J P et al 1989 der Halswirbelsäule in den and skin temperature concomitant Rotationssubluxation C1/2 nach Segmenten C3-C5. Manuelle with pain relief during autotraction chiropraktischer Manipulation bei Medizin 40:324–329 in patients with lumbar and sacral einer jungen Patientin. Manuelle root lesions. Pain 33:173–179 Medizin 17:11 Klaber M G, Torgeson D, Bell-Syer S et Knutsson F 1944 The instability al 1999 Randomised controlled trial of exercise for low back pain, clinical associated with disc degeneration in Kellgren J H 1938 Observation of outcomes, costs and preferences. the lumbar spine. Acta Radiologica referred pain arising from muscles. British Medical Journal 319:279–283 25:593 Clinical Science 3:15 401

Manipulative Therapy Koes B W, Bouter L M, Beckerman H et in the context of vertebrogenic Koutný J 1975 Inzidenz al 1991 Physiotherapy, exercise and disorders [in Czech]. Neurologie pro vertebragener Störungen unter back pain, a blinded review. British praxi 6:270–275 Betriebsangestellten. Manuelle Medical Journal 302:1572–1576 Komendantov G L 1948 Proprioceptive Medizin 13:61–64 reflexes with compensatory Koes B W, Assendelft W J, van der movements of the nictitating Kovácz A 1955 Subluxation of the Heijden D J et al 1991 Spinal membrane [in Russian]. Fisiol žurn cervical apophyseal joints. Acta manipulation and mobilisation for 34:449 Radiologica 43:1 back and neck pain, a blinded review. Kondziella W 1985 Unklarer British Medical Journal 303: Abdominalschmerz, Psoashartspann Koyacs F M, Abraira V, Pozo F 1298–1303 und seine Behandlung. Manuelle et al 1997 Local and remote Medizin 23:33–37 sustained trigger point therapy for Koes B W, Bouter L M, van Mameren König D P, Münnich U, Schmidt J et al exacerbations of low back pain. A H et al 1992 Randomised clinical 1999 Die Wertigkeit der manuellen randomized double blind, controlled trial of manipulative therapy and Muskel-funktionsdiagnostik nach trial. Spine 22:786–797 physiotherapy for persistent back Janda. Manuelle Medizin 37:89–95 and neck complaints. British Medical Konrad K, Gerencsér F 1979 Kraeff T 1986 Posttraumatische Journal 304:601–605 Elektronystagmographie bei Behandlung der Handgelenke Schwindel. In: Neumann H D, Wolff durch manuelle Mobilisation und Koes B W, van Tulder M W, Ostelo R H D (eds) Theoretische Fortschritte Kryotherapie. Manuelle Medizin et al 2001 Clinical guidelines for und praktische Erfahrungen der 24:43–46 the management of low back pain Manuellen Medizin. Konkordia, in primary care, an international Bühl, p. 66–67 Krahe B 1974 Thorakal-Syndrome comparison. Spine 26(22):2504–2513 Konrad K, Gerencsér F 1990 Manuelle in der Differenzialdiagnose der Therapie bei Schwindelpatienten. inneren Medizin. Manuelle Medizin Kogan OG 1986 Patobiomechaniceskije Manuelle Medizin 28:62 12:15–20 projavlenija v oporno-dvigatelnom Kopp S, Brunzel B G, Sebald W G aparate-predmet manualnoj mediciny et al 2002 Funktionsbefunde im Krajca K, Lešetinská L 1981 The post- [in Russian] (Pathobiomechanical kranio-mandibulären System bei discharge history of patients who symptoms in the musculoskeletal Jugendlichen von 15–19 Jahren. undergo surgery for vertebrogenic apparatus as the object of manual Manuelle Medizin 40:339–351 lumbar syndromes [in Czech]. Cs medicine). In: Manualnaja terapija Korr I M 1948 The emerging concept of Neurol a Neurochir 44/77: pri vertebrogennoj patologii. the osteopathic lesion. Journal of the 242–247 Novokuzneck, 3–8 American Osteopathic Association, November 1948. Krajina L, Švihálková M, Šeliga V Kogan O G, Petrof B G et al 1986 Korr I M 1978 Sustained 1978 Comparison of results of Manualnaja terapija v nevrologii, sympathicotonia as a factor conservative and surgical treatment Lecebnyje organizacionnyje, in disease. In: Korr I M (ed) of lumbar radicular syndromes [in naucnyje i pedagogiceskije aspekty Neurobiologic mechanisms in Czech]. Cs Neurol a Neurochir [in Russian] (Manual therapy in manipulative therapy. Plenum Press, 39/72:180–188 neurology). In: Manualnaja terapija New York, p. 229–268 pri vertebrogennoj patologii. Korr I M, Thomas P E, Wright H M Kraus H, Fischer A A 1991 Diagnosis Novokuzneck, 69–73 1955 Symposium on the functional and treatmant of myofascial pain. implications of segmental faciliation. The Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine Kogan O G, Zaiceva R, Norec I P et al Journal of the American Osteopathic 58:235–239 1998 Structure and histotopography Association 54:265–282 of the menicoids in the sacro-iliac Korr I M, Wilkinson P N, Chornock Kraus S I (ed) 1988 TMJ disorders. joint [in Russian]. In: Kogan O G, F W 1967 Axonal delivery of Management of the craniomandibular Schmidt I R (eds) Manualnaja neuroplasmic components to complex. Churchill Livingstone, New terapia v artrovertebronevrologii. muscle cells. Science 135:342–345 York Institut für ärztliche Fortbildung, Kos J 1968 Contribution à l’étude Novokuznnezk, 31 de l’anatomie de la vascularisation Krausová L, Jirout J 1966 Roentgen- des articulations intervertébrales. kinematographic examination Kögel M 1984 Beitrag zur Nadeltherapie Bulletin de l’Association des of the cervical spine [in Czech]. beim myofaszialen Schmerz. Anatomistes (53rd Congress, Ceskoslovenská Neurologie 29: Zeitschrift für Ärztliche Fortbildung Tours, 7–11 April 1968) 142, 417–418 78:237–238 1088–1105 Kottke F J, Mundale M O 1959 Range Krausová L, Krejcová H, Novotný Koláˇr P 1999 The sensomotor nature of of mobility of the cervical spine. Z et al 1968 Otoneurologische postural functions. Its fundamental Archives of Physical Medicine Symptomatologie bei dem role in rehabilitation of the motor 40:379–382 Zervicocranialsyndrom vor und nach system. Journal of Orthopaedic Manipulationstherapie. Manuelle Medicine 21(2):40–45 Medizin 6:25–32 Koláˇr P 2001 Muscle imbalance from Krauss H 1975 Leitfaden der the standpoint of developmental Physikalischen Therapie. kinesiology [in Czech]. Rehabilitace a Volk und Gesundheit, Berlin Fyzikální Lékarstvi 8:139–151 Krauss H 1980 Atemtherapie. Koláˇr P, Lewit K 2005 The importance Volk und Gesundheit, Berlin of the deep stabilization system Krayenbühl H, Benini A 1980 Die Enge des Recessus lateralis im lumbalen Bereich der Wirbelsäule als Ursache 402

Further reading der Nervenwurzelkompression bei latent myofascial trigger points using Lewit K 1976 On Dalseth’s paper, Bandscheiben-verschmälerung. palpation. Manual Therapy 1:87–90 Anatomic studies of the osseous Zeitschrift für Orthopädie 117: Lewis T 1942 Pain. Macmillan, craniovertebral joints. Manuelle 167–171 New York Medizin 14:9–13 Kuan T S, Wu C T, Chen S M et al 1997 Lewit K 1962 Concussion and the Manipulation of the cervical spine to cervical spine [in Czech]. Rozhl Lewit K 1978 Impaired joint function release pain and tightness caused by chir 41:258–261 and entrapment syndrome. Manuelle myofascial trigger points. Archives of Lewit K 1964 Die schmerzhafte Medizin 16:45–48 Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Wirbelblockierung als Zeichen 78:1042 eines Spinaltumors. Hippokrates Lewit K 1979 Zwei Fälle von Rotations- Kubis E 1970 Manualtherapeutische 35:843–848 Dislokation zwischen Atlas und Erfahrungen am Becken. Manuelle Lewit K 1965 Sakroiliakalverschiebung Axis. Ihre Behandlung in Narkose. Medizin 8:63–64 und Muskelfehlsteurung. Asklepios Manuelle Medizin 17:84–89 Kügelgen B, Hillemacher A (eds) 1989 6:269–274 Problem Halswirbelsäule. Springer, Lewit K 1967 Steissbein und Lewit K 1980 The relation of faulty Berlin Kreuzschmerz. Manuelle Medizin respiration to posture with clinical Kumar S, Panjabi M M 1995 In vivo 5:29–33 implications. Journal of the axial rotation and neutral zones of Lewit K 1967 Kreuz-Beckenfunktion American Osteopathic Association the thoracolumbar spine. Journal of bei der funktionellen Dysmenorrhö. 79:525/75–529/79 Spinal Disorders 8:253–263 Manuelle Medizin 5:822–826 Kunert W 1975 Wirbelsäule und innere Lewit K 1968 Beitrag zur reversiblen Lewit K 1982 Röntgenologische Organe. F Enke, Stuttgart Gelenksblockierung. Zeitschrift für Kriterien statischer Störungen der La Ban M M, Meerschaert J R, Taylor Orthopädie 105:150–158 Wirbelsäule. Manuelle Medizin R S 1979 Breast pain, a symptom of Lewit K 1969 Vertebral artery 20:26–35 cervical radiculopathy. Archives of insufficiency and the cervical spine. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation British Journal of Geriatric Practice Lewit K 1983 Die postisometrische 60:315–317 6:37–44 Relaxation in der Diagnose des Lackner R 1988 Manuelle Medizin Lewit K 1969 Differentialdiagnose Scalenus-Syndroms. Manuelle am operierten Patienten. Manuelle des Schwindels. Manuelle Medizin Medizin 21:27–30 Medizing 26:6 7:41–43 Lackner R, Kröll W, Hinhofer-Szakay H Lewit K 1969 K problematice Lewit K 1985 Einleitende 1988 Manualtherapie bei Singultus. vyšetrování statiky [in Czech] Stellungnahme. Klinisches Bild Manuelle Medizin 26:117 (Examination of spinal statics). der A. vertebralis-Insuffizienz. In: Lánik V 1971 On the kinematics and Rehabilitácia 2:219–226 Gutmann G (ed) Arteria vertebralis, dynamics of the spinal column [in Lewit K 1970 Blockierung Traumatologie und funktionelle Czech]. Acta Chir Orthop Traum von Atlas-Axis und Atlas- Pathologie. Springer, Berlin cech 38:67–72 Okziput im Röntgenbild und Leboeuf-Yde C, Kyvic K O 1998 At Klinik. Zeitschrift für Orthopädie Lewit K 1985 Bemerkungen what age does low back pain become 108:43–50 zur Arbeit von L. Bayerl et a common problem? A study of Lewit K 1971 Ligament pain and al., Nebenwirkungen und 29,424 individuals aged 21–41 years. anteflexion headache. European Kontraindikationen der Spine 23:228–234 Neurology 5:365–378 Manuellen Therapie im Leboeuf-Yde C, Pedersen E W, Lewit K 1971 Hypermobility of the Bereich der Halswirbelsäule. Bryner P et al 2005 Self-reported craniocervical junction, clinical and Nervenarzt 56:194 musculoskeletal response to radiological features [in Czech]. chiropractic intervention. A Ceskoslovenská Neurologie 34: Lewit K 1986 Editorial, Manipulation – multination survey. Journal of 113–119 reflex therapy and/or restitution of Manipulative and Physiological Lewit K 1971 Der Repositionseffekt impaired locomotor function. Journal Therapeutics 28:294–302 – ein prognostisch ungünstiges of Manual Medicine 2:99 Lentel G L, Katzman L L, Walters M Zeichen. Manuelle Medizin 9:2–4 R 1992 The relationship between Lewit K 1972 Funktionsdiagnose Lewit K 1986 Postisometrische muscle function and ankle stability. als Grundlage der manuellen Relaxation in Kombination mit Journal of Orthopaedic Medicine Therapie. Manuelle Medizin 10: anderen Methoden muskulärer 14:85–90 59–67 Fazilitation und Inhibition. Manuelle Levin S M 1992 The tensegrity system Lewit K 1972 Komplikationen nach Medizin 24:30–34 in the pelvis and the hind quarter chiropraktischen Manipulationen syndrome. Journal of Orthopaedic (letter). Deutsche medizinische Lewit K 1986 Muskuläre Medicine 14:82–84 Wochenschrift 97:784–785 Störungsmuster bei thorako-lumbaler Lew P C, Lewis J, Stoy I 1997 Lewit K 1975 Ein Fall von Auffahrunfall. Dysfunktion. Manuelle Medizin Intertherapist reliability in locating Manuelle Medizin 13:71–74 24:120–122 Lewit K 1987 Chain reactions in disturbed function of the motor system. Journal of Manual Medicine 3:27 Lewit K 1987 Beckenverwringung und Iliosakralblockierung. Manuelle Medizin 25:64–70 Lewit K 1987 Discussion invited, ‘The theoretical pathology of acute locked back, a basis for manipulative therapy’ by Bogduk N, Jull G. 403

Manipulative Therapy Journal of Manual Medicine 1:78, Lewit K 2005 The locomotor system Lewit K, Olšanská S 2004 Clinical Journal of Manual Medicine 3:69 and its importance in migraine [in importance of active scars, abnormal Lewit K 1989 Verschiebungen im Czech]. Rehabilitace a Fyzikální scars as a cause of myofascial Bereich der Symphyse und der Lékarstvi 12:103–105 pain. Journal of Manipulative Tubera ischiadica. Manuelle Medizin and Physiological Therapeutics 27:91–94 Lewit K 2007 Managing common 27(6):399–402 Lewit K 1990 Pelvic dysfunction. In: syndromes and finding the key link. Paterson K J, Burn L (eds) Back In: Liebenson C (ed) Rehabilitation Lewit K, Rosina A 1995 Manipulation pain, an international review. Kluwer of the spine, 2nd edn. Lippincott, under general anaesthesia for acute Academic, Dordrecht, p. 271 Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, subluxation between atlas and axis. Lewit K 1992 Verspannung von p. 776–797 Journal of Orthopaedic Medicine Bauch- und Gesäßmuskulatur mit 17:78–83 Auswirkung auf die Körperstatik. Lewit K, Berger M 1983 Manuelle Medizin 30:75–78 Zervikales Störungsmuster bei Lewit K, Starý O 1955 Changes in skin Lewit K 1992 Clinical picture and Schwindelpatienten. Manuelle temperature following therapeutic diagnosis of vertebral artery Medizin 21:15–19 measures for discogenic radicular insufficiency. Journal of Manual syndromes [in Czech]. Neurol Medicine 6:190–193 Lewit K, Gaymans F 1980 Psychiat cs 18:407–413 Lewit K 1993 The functional approach. Muskelfazilitations- und Journal of Orthopaedic Medicine -inhibitionstechniken in der Lewit K, Berger M, Holzmüller G et 16:73–74 Manuellen Medizin. Teil I, al 1997 Breathing movements, the Lewit K 1994 Changes in locomotor Mobilisation. Manuelle Medizin synkinesis of respiration and with function, complementary medicine 18:102–110 looking up and down. Journal of and the general practitioner. Journal Musculoskeletal Pain 5:57–69 of the Royal Society of Medicine Lewit K, Janda V 1963 Entwicklung von 87:36–39 Gefügestörungen der Wirbelsäule Li S, Laskin J J 2006 Influences of Lewit K 1997 X-ray of trunk rotation. im Kindesalter und die Grundlagen ventilation on maximal force of the Journal of Manipulative and einer Prävention vertebragener finger flexors. Muscle and Nerve Physiological Therapeutics 20:454–458 Beschwerden. Hippokrates 34: 34:651–655 Lewit K 1998 Artikuläre 305–316 Funktionsstörungen. Manuelle Licht P B, Christiensen H S, Hojgaard Medizin 36:100–105 Lewit K, Kobesová A 2007 Soft tissue P et al 1998 Triplex ultrasound of Lewit K 1999 Chain reactions in the manipulation. In: Liebenson C vertebral artery flow during cervical locomotor system in the light of (ed) Rehabilitation of the spine; rotation. Journal of Manipulative and co-activation patterns based on a practitioner’s manual, 2nd edn. Physiological Therapeutics 21:27–31 developmental neurology. Journal of Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, Orthopaedic Medicine 21:52–57 Baltimore, p. 388–402 Licht P B, Christiensen W, Hoilund- Lewit K 1999 Soft tissue and relaxation Larsen P F 1999 Vertebral artery techniques. In: Hammer W S (ed) Lewit K, Koláˇr P 1988 flow in human beings. Journal of Functional soft tissue examination Funktionsstörungen im Manipulative and Physiological and treatment by manual methods, Bewegungssystem, Therapeutics 22:363–365 2nd edn. Aspen, Gaithersburg, Verkettungen und p. 479–532 Fehlprogrammierung. Liebenson C 1988 Thoracic outlet Lewit K 1999 Stabilisierung der Krankengymnastik 8:1346–1352 syndrome. Diagnosis and Wirbelsäule. Manuelle Therapie conservative management. Journal 3:117–121 Lewit K, Krausová L 1962 Beitrag of Manipulative and Physiological Lewit K 2001 Editorial, Relationship of zur Flexion der Halswirbelsäule. Therapeutics 11:493–499 structure and function in the motor Fortschritte auf dem Gebiete system. Journal of Orthopaedic der Röntgenstrahlen und der Liebenson C 1989 Active muscular Medicine 23:45–46 Nuklearmedizin 97:38–44 relaxation techniques. Part I. Basic Lewit K 2002 Bedeutung und Klinik des principles and methods. Journal Beckenbodens. Die Säule 1:18–21 Lewit K, Krausová L 1963 Messungen of Manipulative and Physiological Lewit K 2003 Verkettungen in der von Vor- und Rückbeuge in den Therapeutics 12:446–454 muskuloskelettalen Medizin. Kopfgelenken. Fortschritte auf dem Funktionskrankheiten des Gebiete der Röntgenstrahlen und der Liebenson C 1990 Active muscular Bewegungssystems 11:159–168 Nuklearmedizin 99:538–543 relaxation techniques. Part. II. Lewit K 2005 Criteria for the Clinical application. Journal of most physiological manipulative Lewit K, Krausová L 1964 Messungen Manipulative and Physiological techniques. Journal of Orthopaedic und Bewegungsausmaß der Therapeutics 13:2–6 Medicine 27:53–60 Seitneigung in den Kopfgelenken. Fortschritte auf dem Gebiete Liebenson C (ed) 2007 Rehabilitation der Röntgenstrahlen und der of the spine; a practitioner’s manual, Nuklearmedizin 101:194–201 2nd edn. Lippincott, Williams &Wilkins, Baltimore Lewit K, Kuncová Z 1971 Anteflexion headache in childhood [in Czech]. Linton S J 2000 A review of Ceskoslovenská Pediatrie 26:79–85 psychological factors in back and neck pain. Spine 25: Lewit K, Liebenson C 1993 Palpation, 1148–1156 problems and implications. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Linton S J, Hellsing A L, Halldén K Therapeutics 16:586–590 1998 A population-based study of spinal pain among 35–45-year-old 404

Further reading individuals. Prevalence, sick leave Loudon J, Ruhl M, Field E 1997 pseudoanginal root syndrome and angina pectoris. American Heart and health care use. Spine 23: Cervical spine ability to reproduce Journal 59:191–207 head position after whiplash injury. 1457–1463 Spine 22:865–868 Lisý L 1985 Reflex contraction of the Maitland G D 1983 Vertebral manipulation, 4th edn. Butterworth, sternocleidomastoid after facial Lovet R W 1905 The mechanism of London the normal spine and its relation percussion – electromyographic to scoliosis. Boston Medical and study in healthy subjects and in patients with central movement Surgical Journal 13:349 Maitland G D 1985 The importance of adding compression when examining disorders [in Slovakian]. Rehabilitácia Luoma K, Riihimaki H, Luukonen R et and treating synovial joints. In: 18:195–205 al 2000 Pain in relation to lumbar Glasgow E F, Twomey L T, Scull E R Lisý L 1986 Postural dependency of disc degeneration. Spine 25:487–492 et al (eds) Aspects of manipulative therapy, 2nd edn. Churchill the reflex activity of the lumbar McCouch G P, Deering I D, Ling T Livingstone, Melbourne, p. 100 paravertrebral muscles in healthy subjects and in patients with central H 1951 Location of receptors for tonic neck reflexes. Journal of movement disorders [in Slovakian]. Neurophysiology 14:191–195 Malinský J 1959 The innervation of the intervertebral disks in humans in the Rehabilitácia 19:3–14 course of ontogenesis [in Czech]. Macdonald A J 1980 Abnormally tender Lisý L 1986 Reflex contraction of muscle regions and associated painful Acta Univ Palac Olomouc 19:69–84 the abductor pollicis brevis after movements. Pain 8:197–205 Mallinson A I, Longdridge N S, Peacock skin and muscle stimulation – an electrophysiological study [in Macintosh J E, Bogduk N 1990 Basic C 1996 Dizziness, imbalance and Slovakian]. Rehabilitácia 19: whiplash. Journal of Musculoskeletal 141–148 biomechanics pertinent to the study of the lumbar disc. Journal of Manual Pain 4:105–112 Medicine 5:52 Lisý L 1987 Local and distant Malmivaara A, Pohjola R 1982 Cauda reflex activity of the lumbar and equina syndrome caused by thoracic paravertrebral muscles McKenzie R A 1991 Physical therapy chiropraxis on a patient previously perspective in acute spinal disorders. free of lumbar spine symptoms. In: Meyer T G, Mooney V, Gatchel after stimulation of the skin – an R J (eds) Contemporary conservative Lancet II:986–987 electrophysiological study in healthy care for painful spinal disorders. Manca Š, Niepel G, Dinka I 1977 subjects [in Slovakian]. Rehabilitácia Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, 20:195–206 p. 211–220 Anteil der Kokzygodynie an den Kreuzschmerzen. Manuelle Medizin Lisý L 1989 Changes in the tonus of the Macková J, Janda V, Macek M et al 15:32–35 paravertebral muscles in the lumbar region and their reflex implications 1992 Verkürzung posturaler Muskeln Manga P, Angus D, Papadopoulos C [in Slovakian]. Rehabilitácia 22: bei Kindern. Manuelle Medizin et al 1993 A study to examine the 131–139 30:49–51 effectiveness and cost-effectiveness Macnab I 1964 Acceleration injury of of chiropractic management of Littlejohn G O 1995 Key issues in low-back pain. Pran Manga and repetitive strain injury. Journal of the cervical spine. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 46A:1797–1799 Associates, University of Ottawa Musculoskeletal Pain 3:25–33 McPortland J M, Brodeur R R, Mannello D M 1992 Leg length Locke G R, Gardner J I, Van Epps E F Hallgren R C 1997 Chronic inequality (review of the literature). 1966 Atlas-dens interval in children. A survey based on 200 normal neck pain, standing balance and Journal of Manipulative and suboccipital muscle atrophy. Journal Physiological Therapeutics 15: cervical spines. American Journal of of Manipulative and Physiological 576–590 Roentgenology 97:135–140 Therapeutics 20:24–29 Marcus D A, Scharff L, Marcer S et al Logan H B 1958 Textbook of Logan Magnus R 1924 Körperstellung. 1999 Musculoskeletal abnormalities basic methods. Logan F, Murray F M, Springer, Berlin St Louis, Missouri in chronic headache. A controlled comparison of headache diagnosis Magoun H I 1966 Osteopathy in the groups. Headache 39:21–27 Lohse-Busch H, Kramer R, Reimer cranial field, 2nd edn. Journal U 1996 Möglichkeiten der Rehabilitation von zerebralparetisch Printing Company, Kirksville Marshall K, Walsh D M, Baxter G D bedingten Bewegungsstörungen bei Kindern mit den Mitteln der Maigne R 1957 Le traitement des 2002 The effect of vaginal delivery manuellen Medizin. Manuelle épicondylites. Rheumatologie on the integrity of the pelvic floor. Medizin 34:116–126 6:293–295 Clinical Rehabilitation 16:195–199 Lord S M, Bogduk N 1996 The cervical Martin P 1985 Classification of synovial joints as sources of post- Maigne R 1965 Une doctrine pour les headache, the need for radical traumatic headache. Journal of traitements par manipulation, La revision. Editorial. Cephalalgia 5:1–4 Musculoskeletal Pain 4:81–84 règle de la non douleur et la règle du mouvement contraire. Annales de Lorinz S, Tilscher H, Hanna M 1988 Médecine Physique (Lille) 8:37 Masters S, McConachie A 1999 Maigne R 1968 Douleurs d’origine Musculoskeletal outcomes in primary care, six months outcome. Australasian Journal of Lumboischialgie, 10 Jahre danach. vertébrale et traitement par Musculoskeletal Medicine 4:24–31 manipulations. Expansion Vergleichende Untersuchungen von Scientifique, Paris operierten und nicht operierten Mainzer F 1960 Diagnostic Maxwell J, Walsh B A, Polus I 1999 Patienten. Manuelle Medizin 26:55 A randomized placebo-controlled differentiation of coexisting clinical trial on the efficacy of 405

Manipulative Therapy chiropractic therapy on the Grundlagen. Physikalische Medizin, Wirbelsäule. Manuelle Medizin premenstrual syndrome. Journal Heidelberg, p. 69–75 17:99–100 of Manipulative and Physiological Mennell J McM 1972 Treatment of Miratský Z, Süssová J, Figar Š et al 1964 Therapeutics 22:282–285 myofascial pain secondary to facet Electroencephalographic studies of Meade T W, Dyer S, Brwne W et al joint dysfunction. Manuelle Medizin the formation and fixation of pain 1990 Low back pain of mechanical 10:84–88 reflexes in lumbar disk lesions [in origin, randomised comparison of Mennell J McM 1979 Manipulation Czech]. Ceskoslovenská Neurologie chiropractic and hospital outpatient therapy for low back pain. In: Bonica 27:260 treatment. British Medical Journal J (ed) Advances in pain research and Mitchell B S, Humphries D C, 300:1431–1437 therapy, Vol 1. Raven Press, Sullivan E 1998 Attachment of the Med M 1972 Articulations of the New York ligamentum nuchae to the cervical thoracic vertebrae and their Mense S 1991 Physiology of nociception posterior dura and the lateral part of variability. Folia Morphologica in muscles. Journal of Manual the occipital bone. Ceskoslovenská 20:217–218 Medicine 6:24–33 Neurologie 21:145–148 Med M 1973 Articulations of the Mense S 1991 Considerations Mohr U 1977 Kopfgelenksblockierung cervical vertebrae and their concerning the neurobiological basis beim Kleinkind. Manuelle Medizin variability. Folia Morphologica of muscle pain. Canadian Journal 15:45–47 21:324–327 of Physiology and Pharmacology Montgomery C 1976 Preemployment Med M 1975 Variability of 69:610–616 back X-rays. Journal of Occupational intervertebral articulations with Mense S 1999 Neue Entwicklungen Medicine 18:495–498 regard to movement of the spine. im Verständnis von Triggerpunkten. Moran R W, Gibbons P 2001 In: Lewit K, Gutmann G (eds) Manuelle Medizin 37:115–120 Interexaminer and intraexaminer Functional pathology of the motor Mense S 2005 Muskeltonus und reliability of the cranial rhythmic system. Rehabilitácia Supplement Muskelschmerz. Manuelle Medizin impulse at the head and sacrum. 10–11. Obzor, Bratislava, p. 36–40 40:156–161 Journal of Manipulative and Med M 1980 Prenatal development of Mense S, Simons D G 2001 Muscle Physiological Therapeutics 24: intervertebral articulations in man pain. Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 183–190 and its association with ventrodorsal Baltimore Moravec I 1962 Vertigo cervicalis. Cas curvature of the spine. Folia Mensendieck B 1954 Look better, feel Lék ces 101:20–25 morphologica 28:264–277 better. New York Harpers Morris C E 1993 Spinal manipulation Med M 1982 Prenatal development of Metz E G 1976 Manuelle Therapie in under anesthesia. An overview. lumbar intervertebral articulations. der Inneren Medizin. Zeitschrift für California Workers’ Compensation Folia morphologica 30:285–390 Physiotherapie 28:83–94 Enquirer, August, p. 9 Meeker W C, Haldeman S 2002 Metz E G 2003 Manuelle Therapie Morris C E (ed) 2006 Low back Chiropractic, a profession at the bei zervikogenem Kopfschmerzen. syndromes. Integrated clinical crossroads of mainstream and In: Schilgen M, Evers S (eds) management. McGraw-Hill, alternative medicine. Annals of Zervikogener Kopfschmerz. New York Internal Medicine 136:216–227 Bertelsmann Stiftung, Gütersloh Moser M, Simon H 1977 Der Meier B 1975 Der Schmerz im Metz E G, Badtke G 1980 Manuelle Cervikalnystagmus als objektiver Bewegungsapparat – Manuelle Therapie. Conference report. Befund beim HWS-Syndrom Therapie in einer Betriebspoliklinik. Wissenschaftlich-Technisches und seine Beeinflussbarkeit durch Zeitschrift für Ärztliche Fortbildung Zentrum der Pädagogischen Manualtherapie. HNO 25:265–268. 6:599–621 Hochschule ‘Karl Liebknecht’, Mottram S, Comerford M 1998 Meijne W, van Neerbos K, Potsdam Stability dysfunction and low Aufdemkampe G et al 1999 Metz E G, Knäblich C, Fröhling back pain. Journal of Orthopaedic Intraexaminer and interexaminer P et al 1980 Die Bedeutung Medicine 20:13–18 reliability of the Gillet test. Journal vertebragener Funktionsstörungen Mühlemann D, Zahnd F 1993 Die of Manipulative and Physiological für den Beschwerdenkomplex lumbale segmentale Hypermobilität. Therapeutics 22:4–9 bei Nephroptose. Zeitschrift für Eine häufige Ursache chronischer Melzack R 1973 The puzzle of pain. Physiotherapie 32:405–411 Rückenschmerzen. Manuelle Medizin Penguin Books, Harmondsworth Meyr T G, Mooney V, Gtatchel R J 31:47–54 Melzack R 1975 Prolonged relief 1991 Conservative care for painful Müller E 1966 Das Schleudertrauma of pain by brief intense spinal disorders. Lea & Febiger, der Halswirbelsäule und seine transcutaneous somatic stimulation. Philadelphia verschiedenen Folgen. Deutsche Pain 1:357–373 Mierau D, Cassidy J D, Hamin T et al medizinische Wochenschrift 91: Menegaz A A, Fasoli M 1970 Die 1984 Sacroiliac joint dysfunction 588–593 Innervation der vertebralen and low back pain in school aged Müller W 1985 Das femoropatelläre interapophysären Gelenke in children. Journal of Manipulative and Gelenk. Orthopäde 14:204–214 verschiedenen Abschnitten der Physiological Therapeutics 7:81–84 Mumenthaler M 1980 Der Schulter- Wirbelsäule. In: Manuelle Medizin Mildenberger R 1979 Indikationen Arm-Schmerz. Huber, Bern und ihre wissenschaftlichen zur Röntgenuntersuchung der 406

Further reading Mumenthaler M, Schliack H 1965 Nesit V, Horinová M 1975 Novotný A, Dvorák V 1972 Läsionen peripherer Nerven. Funktionsstörungen der Wirbelsäule Dysfunctions of the spinal column in Thieme, Stuttgart in der ambulanten gynäkologischen gynecology [in Czech]. Cas Lék ces Praxis. Manuelle Medizin 13: 111:107–115 Murphy D R (ed) 2000 Conservative 31–34 management of cervical spine Nwuga V B C 1982 Relative therapeutic syndromes. McGraw-Hill, New York Neumann H D 1981 Die efficacy of vertebral manipulation manualmedizinische Behandlung des and conventional treartment for Nachemson A 1963 The influence of akuten Schiefhalses. Zeitschrift für back pain management. American spinal movements on the lumbar Orthopädie 119:693 Journal of Physical Medicine intradiscal pressure and on the 61:273–278 tensile stresses of the anulus fibrosus. Neumann H D 1989 Manuelle Medizin. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica Eine Einführung in Theorie, Oesch R 1995 Die Rolle der 33:183–207 Diagnostik und Therapie, 3rd edn. Zygapophysealgelenke in der Springer, Berlin Ätiologie lumbaler Rückenschmerzen Nachemson A 1981 A critical look at mit und ohne Ausstrahlung. Eine conservative treatment of low back Neumann H D 1985 Manuelle Literaturumschau. Manuelle Medizin pain. In: Jayson M I V (ed) The Diagnostik und Therapie 32:107–114 lumbar spine and back pain, von Blockierungen der 2nd edn. Pitman Medical, London, Kreuzdarmbeingelenke nach F Olsen T L, Anderson R L, Dearwater p 341–358 Mitchell (Muskelenergietechnik). S R et al 1992 The epidemiology Manuelle Medizin 23:116–126 of low-back pain in an adolescent Naegeli O 1954 Nervenleiden und population. American Journal of Nervenschmerzen. Ihre Behandlung Neumann H D, Wolf H D 1979 Public Health 82:606–608 und Heilung durch Handgriffe. Theoretische Fortschritte und Haug, Ulm. praktische Erfahrungen der Onderka W, Müller-Stephan H Manuellen Medizin. Sixth 1973 Die manuelle Extension Nansel D, Cremata E, Carlson J et International FIMM Congress, der Halswirbelsäule. Zeitschrift al 1989 Effect of unilateral spinal Baden-Baden. Konkordia, Bühl. für Physiotherapie 25:461–465 adjustment on goniometrically- assessed cervical lateral-flexion Niboyet J E H 1968 Pratique de la Osterbauer P J, Derickson K L, Peles end-range asymmetries in otherwise médecine manuelle. Maisonneuve, J D et al 1992 Three-dimensional asymptomatic subjects. Journal Paris head kinematics and clinical outcome of Manipulative and Physiological of patients with neck injury treated Therapeutics 12:419–427 Niethart F U, Rompe G 1982 Das with spinal manipulative therapy, a lumbale Facettensyndrom. Manuelle pilot study. Journal of Manipulative Nansel D, Peneff A L, Jansen R D Medizin 19:49–53 and Physiological Therapeutics et al 1989 Interexaminer 15:501–511 concordance in detecting Nilsson N 1995 The prevalence of joint-play asymmetries in the cervicogenic headache in a random Osterbauer P J, Long K, Ribaudo cervical spine of otherwise population sample of 20–50 year T A et al 1996 Three-dimensional asymptomatic subjects. Journal olds. Spine 20:1886–1888 head kinematics and cervical range of Manipulative and Physiological of motion in the diagnosis Therapeutics 12:428–433 Nilsson N 1996 Randomized controlled of patients with neck trauma. trial of the effect of spinal Journal of Manipulative and Nansel D, Peneff A, Quitoriano J 1992 manipulative treatment of cervical Physiological Therapeutics 19 Effectiveness of upper versus lower headache. Journal of Manipulative :231–237 cervical adjustments with respect and Physiological Therapeutics to the amelioration of passive 19:435–440 O’Sullivan P, Twomey L T, Allison G rotational versus lateral-flexion et al 1997 Altered patterns of end-range asymmetries in otherwise Nilsson N, Hartvigsen J, Christensen H abdominal muscle activation in asymptomatic subjects. Journal W 1996 Normal ranges of passive patients with chronic low back pain. of Manipulative and Physiological cervical motion for women and Australasian Journal of Physiotherapy Therapeutics 15:99–102 men 20–60 years old. Journal of 43:91–97 Manipulative and Physiological Nansel D, Waldorf T, Cooperstein Therapeutics 19:306–330 Otte P 1965 Über das Wachstum der R 1993 Effect of cervical spinal Gelenkknorpel. Hüttig, Heidelberg adjustment on lumbar paraspinal Nilsson N, Christensen H W, muscle tone, evidence for facilitation Hartvigsen J 1997 The effect of Palmer B J 1933 The subluxation of intersegmental tonic neck spinal manipulation of cervicogenic specific, the adjustment specific. reflexes. Journal of Manipulative and headache. Journal of Manipulative Palmer College of Chiropractic, Physiological Therapeutics 16:91–95 and Physiological Therapeutics Davenport/Iowa 20:326–330 Natchev E A 1994 Manual of auto- Parade G W 1955 Halswirbelsäule traction treatment for low back Nordemar R, Thörner C 1981 und Herz. Die zervikalen pain. Folksam Scientific Council, Treatment of acute cervical pain – a Vertebralsyndrome. Thieme, Stockholm comparative group study. Pain 10:93 Stuttgart Nause E 1987 Rationelle Norden N, Skovron M L, Hiebert R et Parker G P, Tupling H, Pryor D S Epikondylitidenbehandlung. al 1997 Early predictor of delayed 1978 A controlled trial of cervical Manuelle Medizin 25:82 return to work in patients with low manipulation for migraine. Aust N Z back pain. Journal of Musculoskeletal J Med 8:589–593 Pain 5:5–27 407

Manipulative Therapy Patijn J 1991 Complications in manual Rekonstruktion des Funktions- Porter R W, Hibbert C, Wellman P 1980 medicine, a review of the literature. CT der subokzipitalen Region bei Backache and the lumbar spinal Journal of Manual Medicine 6:89–92 segmentaler Funktionsstörung. canal. Spine 5:99–105 Manuelle Medizin 32:162–164 Patijn J 2002 Studien zur Pikula J R 1999 The effect of spinal Prang L, Ludolf E 1984 Die Reproduzierbarkeit und Validität manipulative therapy (SMT) on posttraumatische Instabilität im diagnostischer Verfahren in der pain reduction and range of motion Bereich der Lendenwirbelsäule – ein manuellen Medizin. Manuelle in patients with acute unilateral diagnostisches Problem. Manuelle Medizin 40:339–351 pain, a pilot study. Journal of the Medizin 22:133–135 Canadian Chiropractic Association Patijn J, Durinck J R 1991 Effects of 43:111–119 Prantl K 1985 X-ray examination and manual medicine on absenteeism. Pioch E, Niemeier K, Seidel W 2006 functional analysis of the cervical Journal of Manual Medicine 6:49–53 Manual medicine in the treatment spine. Journal of Manual Medicine of chronic musculoskeletal pain 2:5–15 Patijn J, Ellis R 2001 Low back syndromes, evaluation of an inpatient pain, reproducibility of treatment programme. Journal of Pros J R 1961 Exercise and sport as diagnostic procedures in manual/ Orthopaedic Medicine 28:4–12 prevention for dysmenorrhea [in musculoskeletal medicine. Journal of Plato G, Kopp S 1999 Kiefergelenk Czech]. Cs Gynek 26:48–49 Orthopaedic Medicine 23:36–42 und Schmerzsyndrome. Manuelle Medizin 37:143–151 Putto E, Tallroth K 1990 Extension– Patijn J, Kingma H 1994 Der Plaugher G, Hendricks A H, Doble R flexion radiographs for motion Zervikalnystagmus und die Manuelle W Jr. et al 1993 The reliability of studies of the lumbar spine. Spine Medizin. Manuelle Medizin 32: patient positioning for evaluating 15:107–110 81–90 static radiologic parameters of the human pelvis. Journal of Putz R 1986 Biomechanik des Patijn J, Jonquiere M, Brouwer R et Manipulative and Physiological Schultergürtels. Manuelle Medizin al 1998 The whiplash-associated Therapeutics 16:517–522 24:1–7 acromio-clavicular syndrome. Journal Pollard H, Ward G 1998 The effect of Orthopaedic Medicine 20:10–12 of upper cervical or sacroiliac Quon J A, Cassidy J D, O’Connor S manipulation on hip flexion range M et al 1989 Lumbar intervertebral Patterson M N, Steinmetz J F 1986 of motion. Journal of Manipulative disc herniation, treatment by Long-lasting alterations of spinal and Physiological Therapeutics rotational manipulation. Journal reflexes. A potential basis for somatic 21:611–616 of Manipulative and Physiological dysfunction. Journal of Manual Ponge T, Cottin S, Ponge A et al Therapeutics 12:220–227 Medicine 2:38–42 1989 Accident vasculaire vertébro- basilaire après manipulation du Radanov B P, Davorák J, Valach Pavlu D, Novosadová K 2001 Objective rachis cervical. Revue du L 1990 Folgezustände der demonstration of the efficacy of Rhumatisme 56:545–548 Schleuderverletzung der sensomotor stimulation after Janda Pope M H, Phillips R B, Haugh Halswirbelsäule. Manuelle Medizin and Vávrová as a contribution to L D et al 1994 A prospective 28:28 evidence-based practice [in Czech]. randomized three-week trial of spinal Rehabilitace a Fyzikální Lékarstvi manipulation, transcutaneous muscle Radebold A, Cholewicki J, Panjabi M M 8:178–181 stimulation, massage and corset in et al 2000 Muscle response pattern the treatment of subacute low back to sudden trunk loading in healthy Pellow J E, Brantingham W 2001 The pain. Spine 19:2571–2577 individuals and patients with chronic efficacy of adjusting the ankle in the Popelyanski Y U 1992 Neuroses low back pain. Spine 25(8):947–954 treatment of subacute and chronic and osteochondroses are the grade I and grade II ankle inversion most widespread diseases Rahlmann J F 1987 Mechanisms sprain. Journal of Manipulative and affecting humankind [in Russian]. of intervertebral joint fixation, Physiological Therapeutics 24:17–24 Veretebronevorolgia 2:22–26 a literature review. Journal of Popelyanski Y U, Popelyanski A Y Manipulative and Physiological Penning L 1978 Normal movements of 1984 Therapy of neurodystrophic Therapeutics 10:177–187 the cervical spine. American Journal disorders of the musculoskeletal of Roentgenology 130:317–326 apparatus [in Russian]. Revmatologija Rasmussen G G 1979 Manipulation 84:66–70 in treatment of low back pain (a Penning L, Töndury G 1963 Popelyanski Y U, Podolskaya M A randomised clinical trial). Manuelle Entstehung, Bau und Funktion der 1990 Über zerebrale Faktoren Medizin 17:8–10 meniskoiden Strukturen in den vertebragener Erkrankungen. Die Halswirbelgelenken. Zeitschrift für Rolle der Propriozeption und der Refior H, Zenker H 1970 Wirbelsäule Orthopaedie 98:1–14 Wahrscheinlichkeitsprognose. und Leistungsturnen. Münchener Manuelle Medizin 28:48 medizinische Wochenschrift Peper W 1978 Der chiropraktische 112:463–467 Report. Haug Heidelberg Refisch A, Bischoff P 2004 Perfetti C 1997 Der hemiplegische Manipulation und Läsionen der Patient, cognitiv-therapeutisches Zervikalarterie. Manuelle Medizin Üben. Pflaum, Munich 42:109–118 Piganiol G 1987 Les manipulations Reich C, Dvorák J 1986 The functional vertébrales. Bases théoriques, evaluation of craniocervical ligaments cliniques et bioméchaniques. in side-bending, using X-rays. Journal GEMABFC, Dijon of Manual Medicine 2:108 Piganiol G, Trouilloud P, Binnert D Reitinger A, Radner H, Tilscher et al 1994 Zur dreidimensionalen H et al 1995 Morphologische 408

Further reading Untersuchungen an Triggerpunkten. und Fußgelenke. Zeitschrift für Sachse J 1984 Konstitutionelle Manuelle Medizin 34:156–262 Physiotherapie 28:51–61 Hypermobilität als Zeichen Retzlaff E W, Mitchell F L Jr. (eds) Rohde J 1976 Die Automobilisation einer zentralen motorischen 1987 The cranium and its sutures. der Extremitätengelenke. Teil III, Koordinationsstörung. Manuelle Springer, Berlin Therapieverfahren. Zeitschrift für Medizin 22:116–121 Reynolds M D 1981 Myofascial trigger Physiotherapie 28:121–134 point syndromes in the practice of Rohde J 1997 Zervikales und lumbales Sachse J 1988 Diagnostische Erfassung rheumatology. Archives of Physical Radikulärsyndrom, Untersuchung von Störungen des M. tensor Medicine and Rehabilitation 62: der Klopfschmerzhaftigkeit des fasciae latae bei Schmerzsyndromen 111–114 Periosts der Extremitäten. Manuelle der Hüftregion. Zeitschrift für Reynolds M D 1983 The development Medizin 35:313–318 Physiotherapie 40:87–92 of the concept of fibrositis. Journal Rohde J 2003 Die Gelenkschule. of the History of Medicine and Manuelle Medizin 41:189–198 Sachse J 1995 Zum Kapselmuster des Allied Sciences 38:5–35 Rohde J, Jaschke B 2004 Schultergelenkes. Manuelle Medizin Ribbe E B, Lindgren S S, Norgren L E Die Gelenkschule. Teil 2, 33:84–87 1982 Clinical diagnosis of thoracic Untersuchung zum Einfluss des outlet syndrome – evaluation Fahrradergometertrainings auf Sachse J 2001 Extremitätengelenke. of patients with cervicobrachial Gelenkschmerzen bei Gonarthrose. Manuelle Untersuchung und symptoms. Journal of Manual Manuelle Medizin 42:279–286 Mobilisationsbehandlung für Ärzte Medicine 2:82–85 Rosber A L 2003 Zerebrovaskuläre und Physiotherapeuten. Urban und Richardson C A, Snijders C J, Hides J Ereignisse. Manuelle Medizin Fischer, Munich A et al 2002 The relation between 41:215–223 the transversus abdominis muscles, Rossi F 1978 Spondylosis, Sachse J, Berger M 1986 sacroiliac joint mechanics and low spondylolisthesis and sports. Journal Mobilisationswirkung von back pain. Spine 27:399–405 of Sports Medicine 18:317–340 Blickrichtungen im Zerviko- Richter R 1971 Die Bedeutung der Rubin D 1981 Myofascial trigger motogramm. Zeitschrift für ‘entrapment neuropathy’ für die point syndromes, an approach to Physiotherapie 38:61–68 Differentialdiagnose vertebragener management. Archives of Physical Schmerzzustände. Manuelle Medizin Medicine and Rehabilitation 62: Sachse J, Kunz B 1974 Funktionelle 9:101–111 107–111 Befunde an der Halswirbelsäule bei Richter T, Lawall J 1993 Ruddy T J 1961 Osteopathic rhythmic Atlasberstungsfraktur nach Jefferson. Zur Zuverlässlichkeit der resistive duction therapy. Academy Beiträge zur Orthopädie und manualdiagnostischen Befunde. of Applied Osteopathy Yearbook, Traumatologie 21:200–204 Manuelle Medizin 31:1–11 Colorado Springs, p. 58–65 Ridder P S 1996 Rude J 1981 Zur Morphologie Sachse J, Schildt K 1992 Kieferfunktionsstörungen und der Okzipitalkondylen und Manuelle Untersuchung und Zahnfehlstellungen mit ihren Gelenksmechanik der oberen Mobilisationsbehandlung der Auswirkungen auf die Körperhaltung. Kopfgelenke. Manuelle Medizin Wirbelsäule. Methodischer Manuelle Medizin 35:100–105 22:101–106 Leitfaden. Ullstein Mosby, Berlin Rinsky L A, Reynolds G G, Jameson Ryan G M S 1955 Cervical vertigo. R M et al 1976 A cervical spinal Lancet 2:1355–1358 Sachse J, Wiechmann J, Gomolka cord injury following chiropractic Rychlíková E 1973 Reflex changes U 1976 Vorschlag für einen manipulation. Paraplegia 13:223–227 in ischemic heart disease and gestuften Test zur Beurteilung Robertson J T 1981 Neck manipulation their amenability to therapeutic des Bewegungstypes (Steifheit – as a cause of stroke. Stroke 12:54–59 influence [in Czech]. Prakt Lék Hypermobilität). Zeitschrift für Rogers J T, Rogers J G 1976 The role of 53:378–381 Physiotherapie 28:95–112 osteopathic manipulative therapy in Rychlíková E, Véle F 1973 Acute treatment of coronary artery disease. myocardial infarction in the setting Sachse J, Biedermann H, Kanig F et al Journal of the American Osteopathic of acute movement restriction of the 1993 Malum subooccipitale (Rusti) Association 76:71–78 cervical spine [in Czech]. Prakt Lék als unspezifische Arthritis. Manuelle Rogers R G 1997 The effect of spinal 53:428–492 Medizin 31:85–88 manipulation on cervical kinesthesia Saal J A, Saal J S 1989 Nonoperative in patients with chronic neck pain, a treatment of herniated lumbar Säker G 1955 Schädeltrauma und pilot study. Journal of Manipulative intervertebral disc with Halswirbelsäule. Deutsche and Physiological Therapeutics radiculopathy. An outcome study. medizinische Wochenschrift 79: 20:80–85 Spine 14:431–437 547–550 Rohde J 1975 Die Automobilisation der Sabo L A Jr. 1988 Possible clinical Extremitätengelenke. Zeitschrift für significance of intraarticular Säker G 1957 Die Morbidität an Physiotherapie 27:57–65 synovial protrusions, a review of Lumbago-Ischias. Münchener Rohde J 1976 Die Automobilisation der the literature. Journal of Manual medizinische Wochenschrift Extremitätengelenke. Teil II, Hand Medicine 3:148 104:1151 Salter R B, Simmonds D F, Malcolm B W et al 1980 The biological effect of continuous passive motion on the healing of full-thickness defects in articular cartilage. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 62A:1232–1251 Salit I E 1995 The chronic fatigue syndrome. An overview of the literature. Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain 3:17–24 409

Manipulative Therapy Sato H, Kikuchi S 1993 The natural Halswirbelsäule. Manuelle Medizin Journal of Neurosurgery 39: history of radiographic instability of 29:49–51 265–269 the lumbar spine. Spine 18: Schmorl G, Junghanns H 1953 Die Seifert I, Sacher R, Riedel M 2003 2075–2079 gesunde und die kranke Wirbelsäule Gemeinsame Überlegungen zur in Röntgenbild und Klinik. Thieme, manuellen Medizin bei Säuglingen. Saxler G, Schophoff E, Quirmann H et Stuttgart Manuelle Medizin 41:37–38 al 2004 Können durch Chirotherapie Schneider E 2000 Achtung, Kiefergelenk Seifert K 1981 Cervikal-vertebragene neurologische Schäden hervorgerufen hört mit, 2nd edn. Wirbelverlag, Schluckschmerzen in der werden? Manuelle Medizin 42: Munich Hals-Nasen-Heilkunde – Die 287–292 Schneider W, Dvorák J, Tritschler T Zungenbeintendopathie. Manuelle 1986 Manuelle Medizin-Therapie. Medizin 19:85 Scaggs C D 2000 Diagnosis and Thieme, Stuttgart Seifert K 1986 NHO- treatment of temporomandibular Schobert H 1962 Sitzhaltung, ärztliche Diagnostik und disorders. In: Murphy G R (ed) Sitzschäden, Sitzmöbel. Springer, Differenzialdiagnostik Conservative management of cervical Berlin zervikalvertebragener spine syndromes. McGraw-Hill, Schoffermann J, Wassermann S 1994 Beschwerdebilder. Manuelle Medizin New York, p. 579–592 Successful treatment of low back 24:49–53 and neck pain after motor vehicle Seifert K 2002 Tinnitus und Kauapparat. Schildt K 1975 Untersuchungen zum accidents despite litigation. Spine Manuelle Medizin 40:306–309 Entwicklungsstand der Motorik bei 19:1007–1010 Seyffarth H 1965 Kindergartenkindern. In: Lewit K, Schrader H, Obeliniene D, Ferrari R Überlastungskrankheiten im Gutmann G (eds.) Funktionelle 2000 Temporomandibular Skellettmuskelsystem. Physikalisch- Pathologie des Bewegungssystems. and whiplash injury in Lithuania. diätetische Therapie 6:51–57 Rehabilitácia Supplement 10–11, Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain Shekelle P G, Adams A H, Chassin M R 166–170. 8:133–142 et al 1991 The appropriateness of Schulze B 2003 Formen der spinal manipulation for low back Schildt K 1982 Funktionelle Therapie Muskelspannungsänderung und pain, indications and ratings by von Sprunggelenksfrakturen adäquate Therapieformen. Manuelle a multidisciplinary expert panel. unter manualtherapeutischen Medizin 41:188–283 RAND Monograph No. R 4025/2, Gesichtspunkten. Manuelle Medizin Schupp W, Marx G 2002 Manuelle Santa Monica 20:137 Behandlung der Kiefergelenke zur Shoartzmann P, Abelson A 1988 Therapie der kraniomandibulären Complications of chiropractic Schildt K 1986 Funktionsstörungen der Dysfunktion. Manuelle Medizin treatment for back pain. Muskulatur und der Wirbelsäule 40:177–183 Postgraduate Medicine 83: in Verlaufsuntersuchungen von Schwarz E 1973 Herz und Wirbelsäule. 57–61 Kindern im 1 und 2. Gestaltwandel. Schweiz Rdsch Med (Praxis) Silverstolpe L, Hellsing G 1990 Cranial Zeitschrift für Physiotherapie 24:770–773 and visceral symptoms in mechanical 38:79–83 Schwarz E 1976 Manual-therapeutische pelvic dysfunction. Kasuistik aus einer internistischen In: Paterson J K, Burn L (eds) Back Schildt K (ed) 1994 Thoraxschmerz. Praxis. Manuelle Medizin 14: pain, an international review. Kluwer Ullstein Mosby, Berlin 52–57 Academic, Dordrecht, p. 255 Schwarz E 1978 Internistische Simons D G 1981 Myofascial Schilgen M, Evers S 2003 Zervikogener Indikationen der manipulativen trigger points, a need for Kopfschmerz. Bertelsmann Stiftung, Therapie. Manuelle Medizin 8: understanding. Archives of Gütersloh 25–31 Physical Medicine and Schwarz H A 1991 Schleudertrauma Rehabilitation 62:97–99 Schilgen M, Refisch A, Reingelsein und Halswirbelsäule. Manuelle Simons D G 1985 Myofascial pain E B 2004 Chirotherapie und Medizin 29:57–66 syndromes due to trigger points, 1. Vertebralisläsion. Manuelle Medizin Schwerdtner H P 1986 Klinische Principles, diagnosis and perpetuating 42:103–107 und röntgenologische Kriterien factors. Journal of Manual Medicine der segmentalen Instabilität und 1:83–85 Schiller L 2001 Effectiveness of spinal schmerzhaften Lockerung im Simons D G 1994 Symptomatologie manipulation in the treatment lumbalen Bewegungssegment. und klinische Pathophysiologie des of mechanical thoracic spine Manuelle Medizin 24:35–38 myofaszialen Schmerzes. Manuelle pain. A pilot randomized clinical Sciotti V M, Mittak V L, DiMarco Medizin 32:47–56 trial. Journal of Manipulative and L et al 2001 Clinical precision of Simons D G 1995 Myofascial pain Physiological Therapeutics 24: trigger point location in the trapezius syndromes, trigger points (literature 394–401 muscle. Pain 93:259–266 review). Journal of Musculoskeletal Scoville W B, Corkill G 1973 Lumbar Pain 3:7–13 Schimek J J 1988 Untersuchungen zum disc surgery. Technique of radical Simons D G 1996 Clinical and Spannungskopfschmerz. Manuelle removal and early rehabilitation. etiological update of myofascial Medizin 26:107 Schimek J J 1988 Gesichtsschmerz und Triggerpunktsyndrome der Kaumuskulatur. Manuelle Medizin 26:38 Schmitt H P 1991 Zur Morphologie und Pathomechanik der Komplikationen der Manualtherapie unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der anatomischen Strukturen der 410

Further reading pain from trigger points. Journal of management of cervical spine Torticollis. Manuelle Medizin Musculoskeletal Pain 4:93–122 syndromes. McGraw-Hill, New 10:133–135 Simons D G 1997 Triggerpunkt und York, p. 579–592 Spitzer W O, Skovron M L, Salmi L R Myogelose. Manuelle Medizin Skládal J 1976 The human diaphragm et al 1995 Scientific monograph of 35:290–294 in the light of normal and clinical the Quebec Task Force on Whiplash- Simons D G 1999 Diagnostic criteria physiology [in Czech] Akademia associated Disorders, redefining of myofascial trigger points. Praha 14 ’whiplash’ and its management. Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain Slosberg M 1988 Effects of altered Spine 20:1S–73S 7:111–120 afferent articular input on sensation, Squires B, Gargan M F, Bannister G Simons D G 2002 Understanding proprioception, muscle tone and C 1996 Soft tissue injuries of the effective treatments of myofascial sympathetic reflex responses. Journal cervical spine. 15-year follow-up. trigger points. Journal of Bodywork of Manipulative and Physiological Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery and Movement Therapies 6:81–88 Therapeutics 11:400–408 78:955–957 Simons D G, Hong C-Z 1995 Smith W S, Johnston S C, Weaver Starý O 1954 Reflex vasomotor Prevalence of spontaneous electrical M et al 2003 Spinal manipulative disorders due to nociceptive root activity at trigger spots and control therapy is an independent risk irritation in discopathy [in Czech]. sites. Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain factor for vertebral artery dissection. Neurol a psychiat cs 17:179 3:35–48 Neurology 60:1424–1426 Starý O 1959 Nektere otazky Simons D G, Mense S 1998 Snijders C J 1969 On the form of the patogenesy diskogenni nemoci [in Understanding and measurement human spine. Acta Orthopaedica Czech] (Questions relating to the of muscle tone as related to clinical Belgica 35:584–594 pathogenesis of discogenic disease). muscle pain. Pain 75:1–17 Snijders C J, Vleeming A, Stoeckart SZDN, Prague Simons D G, Travell J G 1981 R 1993 Transfer of lumbosacral Starý O 1967 Pain and its objective Myofascial trigger points, a possible load to iliac bones and legs. Part 1, measurement [in Czech]. Universitas explanation (Letter to the editor). Biomechanics of self-bracing of the Carolina Pragensis. Inauguration as Pain 10:106 sacroiliac joints and its significance Rector of the Charles University, Simons D G, Travell J G 1983 for treatment and exercise. Part 2, Prague Myofascial origin of low back pain. Loading of the sacroiliac joints when Starý O, Figar S 1964 Analysis Postgraduate Medicine 73:66–108 lifting in a stooped posture. Clinical of vasomotor responses in Simons D G, Travell J G 1984 Biomechanics 8:285–294 lumbosacral syndromes [in Cezech]. Myofascial pain syndromes. In: Wall Snijders C J, Hoek van Dijke G A, Ceskoslovenská Neurologie P D, Melzack R (eds) Textbook Roosch E R 1994 A biomechanical 27:214 of pain. Churchill Livingstone, model for the analysis of the cervical Starý O, Figar S 1970 The reflex Edinburgh, p. 263–276 spine in static postures. Journal of effects of nociceptive stimuli in the Simons D G, Hong C-Z, Simon L Biomechanics 24:783–792 spinal motion segment. In: Wolff S 2002 Endplate potentials are Snijders C J, Slaghter A H, van Strik H D (ed) Manuelle Medizin und common to midfiber myofascial R et al 1994 Why leg crossing? The ihre wissenschaftliche Grundlagen. trigger points. American Journal of influence of common postures on Physikal Med, Heidelberg, Physical and Medical Rehabilitation abdominal muscle activity. Spine p. 84–89 81:212–222 15:1989–1993 Steinbrück K, Rompe G 1980 Simons S 1991 Editorial, Myofascial Sollmann A H 1974 5000 Jahre Hochleistungssport – planmäßig pain and fibromyalgia. Journal of Manuelle Medizin. Marczell, erworbene Hypermobilität. Manuelle Manual Medicine 6:1–2 Puchheim Medizin 18:62–64 Sims-Williams H, Jayson M I V, Young Solonen K A 1957 The sacroiliac Steindler A 1958 Kinesiology. Thomas, S M et al 1978 Controlled trial joint in the light of anatomical, Springfield of mobilisation and manipulation roentgenological and clinical studies. Steinrücken H, Sacher I, Betz P for patients with low back pain in Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica 1980 Untersuchungen über das general practice. British Medical Supplement:27 Costovertebral-syndrom mit Journal 2:1338–1340 Solinter A B, Chen J, Lentz C A 2000 pseudoanginöser Symptomatik bei Sims-Williams H, Jayson M I, Young Standardised initial head position in Patienten einer kardiologischen S M et al 1979 Controlled trial of cervical range-of-motion assessment, Spezialklinik. Manuelle Medizin mobilisation and manipulation for reliability and error analysis. Journal 22:54–59 low back pain, hospital patients. of Manipulative and Physiological Stejskal L 1967 L’influence facilitative et British Medical Journal 2:1318–1320 Therapeutics 23:20–26 l’influence inhibitive de la respiration Sitel A B, Tatarina Z B 2005 Speranskij A D 1934 The influence sur l’activité musculaire. Europa Vertebrobasilar disease (etiology, of the nervous system on trophic Mediophys 3:1–6 pathogenesis, manual therapy). factors in the theory and practice of Stejskal L 1972 Postural reflexes in Manual Medicine 6–13 medicine [in Russian]. Sbornik za theory and motor re-education. Skaggs C 2000 Diagnosis and treatment redakce AD Spernaskovo, Leningrad Academia, Prague of temporomandibular disturbances. Spišák J 1972 Bedeutung des Segments Stejskal L 1975 Five suggestions for In: Murphy D (ed) Conservative C2-3 im klassischen Bild des akuten manipulative treatment based upon 411

Manipulative Therapy study of postural reflexes. In: Lewit Svensson H O, Andersson G B 1989 disc herniation. Archives of Physical K, Gutmann G (eds) Funktionelle The relationship of low-back pain, Medicine and Rehabilitation 70: Pathologie des Bewegungssystems. work history, work environment and 831–834 Rehabilitácia Supplement 10-11, stress. Spine 14:517–522 Thalheim W 1975 Die Behandlung des 171-176, Obzor, Bratislava. funktionsgestörten Iliosakralgelenkes Stenwers H W 1918 Un ‘Stellreflex’ du Sweetman B J 2002 Pain perception bei der Coxarthrose. In: Lewit K, bassin chez l’homme. Arch Néerland and consciousness. 1. Pain severity. Gutmann G (eds) Funktionelle de Physiol de l’homme et de l’animal Journal of Orthopaedic Medicine Pathologie des Bewegungssystems. 2:669–673 24:112–115 Rehabilitácia Supplement 10–11, Stevens A 1990 Manipulation of 86–90. the sacroiliac joints. In: Paterson Sweetman B J 2003 Pain perception Thiel H 1994 Effect of various head and J K, Burn L (eds) Back pain, an and consciousness. 2. Pain neck positions on vertebral artery international review. Kluwer vocabulary and the quality of pain. blood flow. Clinical Biomechanics Academic, Dordrecht, p. 105 Journal of Orthopaedic Medicine 9:105–110 Stevens A 1991 Doppler Sonographie 25:40–43 Throlkeld A J 1992 The effect of der A. vertebralis bei Belastung der manual therapy on connective HWS und einige Betrachtungen über Taubert K, Kstonek D, Kairis P et tissue. Physical Therapy 72:893–902 Manipulationstechniken. Manuelle al 1987 Über die Häufigkeit Tichý J 1989 Anatomical basis for Medizin 29:88–92 von Bindegewebs-zonen relaxation of the muscles attached Stevens A, Vyncke G 1988 Die bei Kopfschmerzen und bei to the coccyx. Journal of Manual Bewegungsfähigkeit des Sakrums kopfschmerzfreien Kontrollpersonen. Medicine 4:147–148 in der Transversalebene. Die Zeitschrift für Physiotherapie Tichý M, Malbohan I M, Otáhal M Iliosakralgoniometrie in der Praxis 19:319–325 et al 1999 Pelvic muscles influence und im Labor. Manuelle Medizin the sacroiliac joint. Journal of 26:85 Taylor J R 1993 Die Entwicklung und Orthopaedic Medicine 21:3–5 Stiles E G 1985 Muskelenergietechnik Struktur der Bandscheibe beim Tilscher H, Bogner G 1975 Pain (MET), Therapeutische Grundsätze Erwachsenen. Manuelle Medizin syndromes involving the locomotor und praktische Anwendung. 31:24–29 apparatus – a possible manifestation In: Frisch H (ed) Manuelle Medizin of masked depression. In: Kielholz heute. Springer, Berlin, p. 50–156 Taylor J R, Twomey L T 1992 P (ed) Diagnostik und Therapie der Stoddard A 1969 Manual of ssteopathic Structure and function of lumbar Depressionen in der ambulanten practice. Harper and Row, zygapophyseal (facet) joints, a Praxis. Huber, Bern, p. 292–301 New York review. Journal of Orthopaedic Tilscher H, Hanna M 1990 Causes of Stodolny J, Chmelewski H 1989 Medicine 14:71–78 poor results of surgery in low back Manual therapy in the treatment pain. Journal of Manual Medicine of patients with cervical migraine. Tehan P G 1985 Functional technique, a 5:110 Journal of Manual Medicine different perspective in manipulative Tilscher H, Hanna M 1994 4:49 therapy. In: Glasgow E, Twomey L T, Klinische und röntgenologische Streda A 1971 Participation of Scull E R (eds) Manipulative therapy, Befunde bei der Hypermobilität osteonecrosis in the development 2nd edn. Churchill Livingstone, und der Instabilität im of severe coxarthrosis. Acta Univ Melbourne, p. 94 Lendenwirbelsäulenbereich. Carolinae, Prague Funktionsuntersuchung mit Sturesson B, Selvik G, Udén A 1989 Tepe H J 1956 Häufigkeit der Springing-Test, simultane Röntgen- Movement of the sacroiliac joints. Osteochondrose im Röntgenbild Dokumentation, Entwicklung einer A roentgen stereophotogrammetric der Halswirbelsäule bei 400 LWS-Stress-Aufnahmetechnik, analysis. Spine 14:162–165 beschwerdefreien Erwachsenen. Lordose-Kyphose-Test. Manuelle Sucher B M 1994 Palpatory diagnosis Fortschritte auf dem Gebiete Medizin 32:1–7 and manipulative management of der Röntgenstrahlen und der Tilscher H, Pinsger M, Leitner carpal tunnel syndrome. Journal Nuklearmedizin 85:659–663 R et al 1993 Standardisierte of the American Osteopathic Wirbelsäulenuntersuchung – Association 94:647–663 Terenzi T J, DeFabio D C 1996 The role Gegenüberstellung von Sucher B M 1993 Thoracic outlet of transcranial Doppler sonography Beschwerden und klinischen syndrome – a myofascial variant. in the identification of patients Befunden bei Arbeitern und Part 3. Structural and postural at risk of cerebral and brainstem Angestellten. Manuelle Medizin considerations. Journal of the ischemia. Journal of Manipulative 31:55–61 American Osteopathic Association and Physiological Therapeutics Tilscher H, Pirke-Binder I, Kolleger 93:334–335 19:406–414 M et al 2005 Kopf-Nacken- Sutter M 1983 Diagnostische Armbeschwerden, arbeitsbedingt? Weichteilpalpation des Terrahe K 1979 Schwindel und Manuelle Medizin 43:151–155 Bewegungsapparates. Manuelle Gleichgewichtsstörungen Timm H 1968 Lockerung des Medizin 21:120 beim oberen Zervikalsyndrom. Humeroulnargelenkes bei Therapiewoche 29:1392–1396 Terret A G 1987 Vascular accidents from cervical manipulation. Report of 107 cases. Journal of the Australian Chiropractic Association 17:15–24 Tesio L, Luccarelli G, Fornari 1989 Natchev’s auto-traction for lumbago- sciatica, effectiveness in lumbar 412

Further reading Epikondylitis? Zeitschrift für Twomey L T, Taylor J R 1982 Flexion van Deursen L L, Patijn J, Ockhuysen creep deformity and hysteresis in A I et al 1992 Die Wertigkeit Orthopädie 104:280 einiger klinischer Funktionstests des the lumbar vertebral column. Spine Iliosakralgelenks. Manuelle Medizin Tlustek H, Kuhnert H P 1994 Zur 7:116 30:43–46 Biomechanik des Lasègue’schen Twomey L T, Taylor J R 1998 Structural Phänomens. Manuelle Medizin and mechanical disc changes with van Deursen L L, Snijders C J, Patijn J 32:24–27 age. Journal of Manual Medicine 2002 Influence of daily life activities Tlustek H, Metz E G 1980 5:58 on pain in patients with low back Karpaltunnelsyndrom und Uhlemann C, Gramowski K H, Endres pain. Journal of Orthopaedic Reflextherapie. In: Manuelle U et al 1993 Manuelle Diagnostik Medicine 24(3):74–76 Medizin. Conference report. Wissenschaftlich-Technisches und Therapie beim halsbedingten van Deursen L L, van Deursen D L, Snijders C J 2005 The influence Zentrum der Pädagogischen Schwindel. Manuelle Medizin of axial rotation on low back pain. 31:77–81 Hochschule Karl Liebknecht, Journal of Orthopaedic Medicine Potsdam, p. 187–194 Unterharnscheidt F 1975 Injuries due to 27:50–53 boxing and other sports. In: Vinken Tobis J S, Hoehler F 1986 P J, Brown B W (eds) Handbook Vareka I 2002 Postural stability [in Musculoskeletal manipulation, evaluation of the scientific evidence. of Clinical Neurology, Volume 23. Czech]. Rehabilitace a Fyzikální Lékarstvi 9:122–129 Charles C Thomas, Springfield North-Holland, Amsterdam, p. 527–593 Todoroff T 1993 Objektivierung Vareka I, Paulová L 1999 Trends in unfitness for work due to diagnosed der manuellen Therapie durch Unsworth A, Dowson D, Wright back pain during the period from W 1971 ‘Cracking joints’. A Hautthermometrie bei zervikalen bioengineering study of cavitation 1960 to 1990 [in Czech]. Rehabilitace und zervikokranialen Blockierungen. Manuelle Medizin 31:11–111 in the metacarpophalangeal joint. a Fyzikální Lékarstvi 6:39–42 Tomaschewski R 1993 Die Bedeutung Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases Véle F 1968 Wirbelgelenk und der Wirbelsäulenfunktion in der 30:348–358 Bewegungssegment innerhalb Sagittalebene für die Pathogenese der Upton A R, McComas A J 1973 The des Steuerungssystems der Haltemuskulatur. Manuelle Medizin idiopathischen Skoliose. Manuelle double crush in nerve entrapment 6:94–96 syndromes. Lancet II(7825): Medizin 31:39–42 359–362 Töndury G 1948 Beitrag zur Kenntnis Véle F 1984 Muskelspannung und Schmerz. In: Berger M, der kleinen Wirbelgelenke. Vacek J 2003 The intervertebral disk Gerstenbrandt F, Lewit K (eds) – the cause of pain [in Czech]. Zeitschrift für anatomische Rehabilitace a Fyzikální Lékarstvi Schmerzstudien 6, Schmerz und Entwicklungsgeschichte 110:568 10:77–79 Bewegungssystem. Fischer, Stuttgart, Torklus D, Gehlen W 1978 Die obere Vacek J, Ellis R 2003 p. 94–96 Halswirbelsäule. Thieme, Stuttgart Temporomandibular dysfunction. Véle F 1997 Kinesology in clinical Tracey D 1978 Joint receptors Journal of Orthopaedic Medicine practice [in Czech]. Grada, – changing ideas. Trends in 24:104–108 Avicenum, Prague Neurosciences 1:63–65 Vadeboncoeur R, Milette P C, Perrault Véle F 2003 Vergleich der Osteopathie Travell J G 1976 Myofascial trigger N 1994 Cervical myelopathy and mit dem Brügger-Konzept points, clinical view. In: Advances in disc herniations, a study of 58 cases der Funktionskrankheiten. pain research and therapy Volume 1, with magnetic resonance imaging. Funktionskrankeiten des Raven Press, New York 919–926. Discussion on complications of Bewegungssystems 11:76–81 cervical manipulation. Manuelle Travell J G 1981 Identification of Medizin 32:91–94 Véle F, Gutmann G 1971 Die myofascial trigger point syndromes, Beeinflussung der Posturalreflexe a case of typical facial neuralgia. Valeanu C 1972 Contribution à l’étude de über die Gelenke. Zeitschrift für Archives of Physical Medicine and l’anatomie fonctionelle de la colonne Physiotherapie 23:383–386 Rehabilitation 62:100–106 vertébrale cervicale. Timisoara Medical Journal 17:367–380 Verbiest H 1954 A radicular syndrome Travell J G 1990 Chronic myofascial from developmental narrowing of pain syndromes. In: Fricton J R, Van K, Hides J A, Richardson C A et the lumbar vertebral canal. Journal of Avad E A (eds) Myofascial pain al 1996 Multifidus muscle recovery Bone and Joint Surgery 36:230–237 and fibromyalgia. Advances in pain is not automatic after resolution of research and therapy 17. Raven acute, first-episode low back pain. Verbiest H 1984 Stenose des Press, New York, p. 129 Spine 21(23):2763–2769 knöchernen lumbalen Wirbelkanals. In: Hohmann D, Kügelgen B, Triano J J, McGregor M, Hondras M Vanásková S, Hep A, Lewit K et al 2001 Liebig K (eds) Neuroorthopädie 2, A et al 1995 Manipulative therapy Cervical dysfunction with disturbed Lendenwirbelsäulenerkrankungen versus education programs in chronic oesophageal motility. Journal of mit Beteiligung des Nervensystems. low back pain. Spine 20:948–955 Orthopaedic Medicine 23:9–11 Springer, Berlin, p. 231–270 Tütsch S, Ulrich P 1975 Wirbelsäule van Deursen L L, Patijn J 1993 Vernon H T (ed) 1988 Upper cervical und Hochleistungssport bei Mädchen Aufwertung der ’ligamentären’ syndrome, chiropractic diagnosis (Beobachtung der Entstehung einer Kreuzschmerzen. Manuelle Medizin and treatment. Williams & Wilkins, Spondylolisthesis). Sportarzt und 31:43–46 Baltimore Sportmedizin 1:7–11 413

Manipulative Therapy Vernon H T 1991 Spinal manipulations Von Korff M, Moore J E, Lorig K mechanisms. In: Dubner R, Gebhart and headaches of cervical origin. et al 1998 A randomized trial of a lay G F (eds) Proceedings of the 5th Journal of Manual Medicine 6:73–79 person-led self-management group World Congress on Pain. Elsevier, intervention for back pain patients in Science Publ BV, Amsterdam, Vernon H T 1999 Spinal manipulation primary care. Spine 23:2608–2615 p. 12–24 for chronic low back pain, a review Wall P D 1999 Pain, the science of of the evidence. Topics in Clinical Vortmann B J 1984 Kinesiologie der suffering. Weidenfeld & Nicholson, Chiropractic 6:8–12 Halswirbelsäule vor und nach London Manipulation. Manuelle Medizin Wall P D, Melzack R 1983 Textbook Vernon H T, Steinman I, Hagono C 22:49 of pain. Churchill Livingstone, 1992 Cervicogenic dysfunction in Edinburgh muscle contraction headache and Voss D E 1967 Proprioceptive Walsh E G 1992 Muscles, masses and migraine, a descriptive study. Journal neuromuscular facilitation. American motion. The physiology of normality, of Manipulative and Physiological Journal of Physical Medicine 64:838 hypotonicity, spasticity and rigidity. Therapeutics 15:418–429 MacKeith Press, London Waagen G N, Haldeman S, Cook G et al Walsh E G, Wright G W 1988 Postural Videman T 1987 Experimental 1986 Short-term trial of chiropractic thixotropy at the human hip. models of osteoarthritis. The adjustments for the relief of chronic Quarterly Journal of Experimental role of immobilization. Clinical low back pain. Journal of Manual Physiology 73:369–377 Biomechanics 2:223–229 Medicine 2:63–67 Walther G 1963 Physiologie und Pathophysiologie der Videman T, Battié M C, Gibbons L E Wackenheim A 1974 Roentgen diagnosis Rippenwirbelgelenke. Ärztliche et al 2003 Associations between of the craniovertebral region. Praxis 15:1806–1809 back pain history and lumbar MRI Springer, Berlin Walther G 1963 Halswirbelsäule und findings. Spine 28:582–588 Herz. Therapiewoche 13:469–473 Wackenheim A 1985 Walther G 1971 Brustschmerzen und Višnevskij A V 1956 Miestnoje Kopfgelenksbereich. Einführung zum Brustkorbwandschmerzen. Manuelle obezbolevanije po metodu Thema. Manuelle Medizin 23:2–6 Medizin 9:56–61 polzuscevo infiltrate [in Russian] Walton J 1981 Inflammatory myopathies (Local anesthesia in the form of Wackenheim A, Lopez F 1969 Étude (polymyositis). Disorders of surface infiltration). Medgiz, Moscow radiographique des mouvements voluntary muscle. Churchill de C1 et C2 lors de la flexion et de Livingstone, Edinburgh, p. 52 Visscher C M, de Boer V W, Naeije l’extension de la tête. J Belge Radiol Ward R C 1993 Myofascial release M 1998 The relationship between 52:117–120 concepts. In: Basmajian J V, Nyberg posture and curvature of the cervical R (eds) Rational manual therapy. spine. Journal of Manipulative and Wackenheim A, Kamieth H, Gutmann Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, Physiological Therapeutics 21:388– G et al 1985 Stellungnahme und p. 223–242 391 Diskussions-beiträge zu Kamieth Ward R C 1997 Foundations for H, Röntgenbefunde von normalen osteopathic medicine. Williams & Vítek J 1955 Polyfuniculoneuritis Bewegungen in den Kopfgelenken. Wilkins, Baltimore spondylogenes [in Cezech]. In: Schulz K P (ed) Wirbelsäule Ward R C, Hruby R G, Falls V W 1998 Thomayerova sbírka 336, Prague in Forschung und Praxis 101. Integratives Behandlungskonzept Hippokrates, Stuttgart, 1983. bei Kopf-und Nackenschmerzen. Vítek J 1970 Das zervikokraniale Manuelle Medizin 23:1–32 Manuelle Medizin 36:182–193 Syndrom des hinteren Warner J, Lephard A, Fu F 1996 Halssympathicus und die zerebrale Waddell G 1987 A new clinical model The role of proprioception in the Atherosklerose. Manuelle Medizin for the treatment of low-back pain. etiopathology of shoulder mobility. 8:13–18 Spine 12:632–644 Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 330:35 Vleeming A, Stoeckart R, Snijders C Waddell G 1993 Simple low-back pain, Warren R A 2001 Whiplash injury J et al 1990 The sacroiliac joint rest or active exercise? Annals of the sustained in motor vehicle accidents, – anatomical, biomechanical and Rheumatic Diseases 52:317–319 factors influencing time off work. radiological aspects. Journal of Journal of Orthopaedic Medicine Manual Medicine 5:100 Waddell G 1996 Low-back pain 23:50–53 evidence review. Royal College of Warren R A 2001 Back sprain sustained Vleeming A, Buyruk H M, Stoeckart R General Practitioners, London in motor vehicle accidents, factors et al 1992 An integrated therapy for influencing time off work. Journal of peripartum pelvic instability, a study Waddell G, McCulloch J A, Kummel E Orthopaedic Medicine 23:54–57 of the biomechanical effects of pelvic et al 1980 Non organic physical signs Weber E 1974 Die Anwendung belts. American Journal of Obstetrics in low-back pain. Spine 5:117–125 der manuellen Extension and Gynecology 166:1243–1247 bei der konservativen Waghemaker R, Dumoulinet J, Spy E Volinn E 1997 The epidemiology of low 1963 Le factor musculaire dans la back pain in the rest of the world. coxarthrose. Annales de Médecine A review of surveys in low- and Physique 6:263 middle-income countries. Spine 22:1747–1754 Wall P D 1972 The mechanism of pain associated with cervical vertebral Volle E, Kreisler P, Wolff H D et al disease. In: Hirsch E, Zotterman Y 1996 Funktionelle Darstellung (eds) Cervical pain. Pergamon Press, der Ligamenta alaria in der Oxford, p. 201 Kernspinntomographie. Manuelle Medizin 34:9–13 Wall P D 1988 The John Bonica Distinguished Lecture. Stability and instability of central pain 414

Further reading Koxarthrosebehandlung. Beiträge zur Environment and Health 4(Suppl Association. Education and research in Fibromyalgia, TMG. Chronic Pain Orthopädie 21:351–355 1):1–12 Syndrome 29:1–8 Weber H 1983 Lumbar disc herniation, Wiesner H, Mummenthaler M 1975 Wolfe F 1995 The future of a controlled prospective study Schleuderverletzungen und with 10 years of observation. Spine Halswirbelsäule. Eine katamnestische fibromyalgia. Journal of 8:131–140 Studie. Archiv für Orthopädie und Musculoskeletal Pain 3:3–15 Weber J 1986 Die Bedeutung der Unfallchirurgie 81:13–36 Wolff H D 1980 Abstand und Haftung. manuellen Therapie für die Wilk V, Vivian D 2000 The Manuelle Medizin 17:89–92 sportmedizinische Betreuung. interobserver reliability and validity Wolff H D 1983 Neurophysiologische Medizin und Sport 25:82–87 of craniosacral palpation. Australasian Aspekte der manuellen Medizin, 2nd Musculoskeletal Medicine 5:6–8 Weh L, Hörmann K, Fröhlke O 1989 edn. Springer, Heidelberg Hörsturz und Beweglichkeit der Wilkinson H A, Le May M L, Ferris Wolff H D 1987 Anmerkungen zu Halswirbelsäule. Manuelle Medizin E J 1969 Clinical and radiographic 27:29 correlations in cervical spondylosis. den Begriffen ‘degenerativ’ und ‘funktionell’. Manuelle Medizin Journal of Neurosurgery 30:213–218 25:52 Weh L, Torklus D 1984 Das Gleitrippensyndrom. Manuelle Williams N, Wilkinson C, Russel I 1999 Wolff H D 1990 Comments on the Medizin 22:130–132 Clinics in musculoskeletal medicine, what outcomes should be measured? evolution of the sacroiliac joints. In: Journal of Orthopaedic Medicine Paterson J K, Burn L, 1 (eds) Back Weingart J R, Bischoff H P 1992 21:87–91 pain, an international review. Kluwer Doppler-sonographische Academic, Dordrecht, p. 175 Untersuchung der A. vertebralis unter Berücksichtigung Winer C E 1979 Ergebnisse von chirotherapeutisch relevanter Manipulationsbehandlungen bei Wolff H D 1991 Kopfgelenke und Evolution. Manuelle Medizin Kopfpositionen. Manuelle Medizin Migräne. In: Neumann H D, Wolff 29:41–46 30:62–65 H D (eds) Theoretische Fortschritte Wolff H D, Lonquich C 2000 Einfache Weiss J H 2001 Pelvic floor myofascial und praktische Erfahrungen der Messmethode der HWS-Funktion Manuellen Medizin. Konkordia, Bühl, nach der Neutral-Null Methode. trigger points, manual therapy for p. 301–307 Manuelle Medizin 38:284–288 interstitial cystitis and urgency- frequency syndrome. Journal of Wingfield B R, Gorman R F 2000 Urology 166:226–231 Treatment of severe glaucomatous Wong A, Nansel D D 1992 Comparison between active vs. passive end- Werne S 1957 Studies in spontaneous visual field deficit by chiropractic range assessment in subjects spinal manipulative therapy. exhibiting cervical range of motion atlas dislocation. Acta Radiologica A prospective case study and asymmetries. Journal of Manipulative Supplement 23 and Physiological Therapeutics discussion. Journal of Manipulative 15:159–163 West D T, Mathews R S, Miller M R and Physiological Therapeutics Wood P H, Badley E M 1980 et al 1999 Effective management 23:428–434 Epidemiology of back pain. In: of spinal pain in 177 patients Wislowska M 1989 Study of the Jayson M I V (ed) The lumbar spine evaluated for manipulation under contribution of pain to rotation and back pain, 2nd edn. Pitman anesthesia. Journal of Manipulative Medical, London, p. 29–55 and Physiological Therapeutics of vertebrae in the etiology and Wortzman G, Dewar F P 1968 Rotatory pathogenesis of lateral spinal fixation of the atlantoaxial joint. 22:299–308 curvature. Journal of Manual Rotational atlantoaxial subluxation. White A M, Panjabi M 1978 Clinical Medicine 4:229 Radiology 90:479–487 Wolf J 1946 The chondrosynovial Wyke B D 1967 The neurology of biomechanics of the spine. membrane and its importance in joints. Annals of the Royal College of Lippincott, Philadelphia reducing friction and protecting joint Surgeons of England 41:25–50 surfaces [in Czech]. Sborník lék Wyke B D 1976 Morphological and Whittingham W, Nilsson N 2001 Active 48:274–289 functional features of the innervation range of motion in the cervical of the costovertebral joints. Folia spine after manipulation (toggle Morphologica 23:296 recoil). Journal of Manipulative and Wyke B D 1979 Neurology of the Physiological Therapeutics 24:552–555 Wolf J 1975 The reversible deformation cervical spine joint. Physiotherapy of the joint cartilage surface and 65:72 Whitty C W, Willison R G 1958 Some its possible role in joint blockage. Wyke B D, Polácek P 1976 Articular aspects of referred pain. Lancet In: Lewit K, Gutmann G (eds) neurology – its present position. 1:226–231 Funktionelle Pathologie des Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery Bewegungssystems. Rehabilitácia 57B:401 Wiberg J M, Nordsteen J, Nilsson Supplement 10–11,30–35, Obzor, Yaksi A, Ozgönenel L, Ozgönenel B N 1999 The short-term effect of Bratislava 2007 The efficiency of gabapentin spinal manipulation in the treatment Wolf J, Havelka S 1973 Comparison therapy in patients with lumbar of infantile colic, a randomized of articular surface replicas in spinal stenosis. Spine 32:939–942 controlled clinical trial with a blinded osteoarthrosis deformans and observer. Journal of Manipulative rheumatoid arthritis. ‘R’ III 4: and Physiological Therapeutics 389–395 22:517–522 Wolfe F 1994 When to diagnose Wickström G 1974 Effect of work fibromyalgia, USA Fibromyositis on degenerative back disease. Scandinavian Journal of Work 415

Manipulative Therapy Yates C A 1981 Spinal stenosis. Journal Zeller H J, Klawunde G 1974 Zur Zicha K, Zabel M 1979 of the Royal Society of Medicine Objektivierung der Manualtherapie Proliferationstherapie bei 74:334–342 als Reflextherapie und ihre Beziehung Enthesopathien. Manuelle Medizin zu vegetativen und zentral nervösen 17:101–113 Zbojan L 1985 Vertebrogenic syndromes Regulationsvorgängen. Zeischrift für and visceral disease [in Slovakian]. Physiotherapie 26:333–339 Zicha K, Ruhrmann W 1985 Cs Gastroenterologie 39:277–278 Die Druckwellen-Mobilisation Zetterberg C, Andersson G B, Schultz im Rahmen der Zeitler E, Markuske P 1962 A B 1987 The activity of individual physikalischen Therapie Röntgenologische Bewegungsanalysen trunk muscles during heavy physical und Rehabilitation. Manuelle der Halswirbelsäule bei loading. Spine 12:1035–1040 Medizin 23:68–71 gesunden Kindern und Jugendlichen. Fortschritte Zicha K 1970, 1971 Manuelle Therapie Zuckschwerdt L, Emminger E, auf dem Gebiete der bei der Spondylitis ankylopoetica. Biedermann F et al 1960 Röntgenstrahlen und der Manuelle Medizin 8:97–104, Wirbelgelenk und Bandscheibe, 2nd Nuklearmedizin 96:87 9:117–120 edn. Hippokrates, Stuttgart 416

Index A case study, 351 examination, 148–149 Ankle examination, 129 retraining, 290–292 Abdominal muscles Ankylosing spondylitis, 12, 90 Arnold–Chiari malformation, 83 low-back pain due to overload, 303 Asymmetry postural function, 29, 30–31 clavicular breathing, 350 spinal column radiology, 40 respiration effects, 30–31 differential diagnosis, 165 tactile perception, 229 active exhalation, 31 indications for manipulative Athletes, prophylactic manipulative active inhalation, 32 treatment, 168 treatment, 369 Abdominal surgery, remedial exercise Antagonists, motor patterns Atlantoaxial joint, 63 following, 370 (stereotypes), 29 hyperlordosis/forward-drawn Abdominal wall, diaphragm contraction Antalgic posture, 21 posture, 74 coordination, 160–161 acute lumbago, 15 movement, 66, 67, 79 Abductor hallucis, 129 radicular syndromes, 342 restriction, 20, 117 Abductor pollicis brevis, 296 rest in acute stage, 344, 345 in infants, 25 carpal tunnel syndrome, 326 Anteflexion, 58, 59 side-bending examination, 119 Achilles tendon, 160 X-ray anatomy, 72 Achilles tendon pain, 321, 361 atlantoaxial joint, 66, 67, 69 Atlantoaxial segment, symptoms of atlanto-occipital joint, 65–66, 67, 69, post-isometric relaxation, 277 dysfunction, 358 soft tissue manipulation, 235 122–123 Atlanto-occipital joint, 63 Achilles tendon reflex, 346 self-mobilization, 244 S1 radicular syndrome, 343 cervical spine, 65, 67–70, 79 hyperlordosis/forward-drawn Acromioclavicular joint, 16 examination, 117 posture, 74 dysfunction, 126 locomotor system dysfunction examination, 126 mobility exmination, 122–123 shoulder pain, 324 prevention, 365 movement, 65–66, 67, 79 springing movements, 184 mobility between occiput and atlas, restriction, 20, 117 Active mobility testing, 100 Active movement 122–123 in infants, 25 limb joints, 124 with rotation, 117–118 self-mobilization, 255 lumbar spine, 108–109 craniocervical junction mobilization, shoulder, 124–125 anteflexion/retroflexion, 244 thoracic spine, 112 222 X-ray anatomy, 71, 72 Active scars, 7, 161, 338–339, 377 head, 67, 69 Atlanto-occipital segment, symptoms of case study, 339 lumbar spine diagnosis, 172, 338–339 dysfunction, 358 ‘instant relief phenomenon’, hypermobility examination, Atlas, 64, 71 141–142 172, 338 functional anatomy, 65, 66 local anesthesia, 338 individual motion segments, 111 isolated rotation, 75 needling, 338 radiography, 58 mobility at occiput examination, palpation, 94 screening examination, 108 radicular syndrome treatment, 345 self-mobilization, 238–239 122–123 stretching connective tissue fold, 231 mobility testing, 101 plane, 73 sustained pressure application, 231 spinal column, 140 positional irregularities, 75 tactile perception alteration, 227–228 thoracic spine tipping, 69, 75 therapy, 172, 339 examination, 113 Atlas assimilation, 79, 83 Acupuncture, indications, 174 hypermobility examination, Australia, 4 Acupuncture points, 174 Autodermography, disk herniation, 37 Acute lesions, strain and counterstrain 142–143 Automobile transport, 177 self-mobilization, 241 Axis, 64, 71, 72 technique, 225 trunk dens anomalies, 84 Adductor pollicis, 255 lower extremity radicular functional anatomy, 66 Adson’s maneuver, 327 plane, 73 Age-related disorders syndromes, 342 rotation, 67, 78, 79 motor stereotypes examination degenerative changes, 10 in neutral position, 75, 77 patient history, 90 (stooping and straightening), Axis of motion, 19 Algodynia, normalizing tactile 145–147 retraining, 289–290 B perception, 226 Anteflexion headache, 332 Allergy, 90 Anteroposterior (AP) projection, 41 Baastrup’s phenomenon, 303 Analgesic medication, 178 cervical spine, 62, 63–64, 71–72 Back pain, 302, 363 lumbar spine, 54–55 disk herniation, 310 and pelvis, 41 fitness for work assessment, 371, 372 frozen shoulder, 323 thoracic spine, 59–60 lumbar spine/pelvic region, 302–317 radicular syndromes, 345, 347 Antidepressants, 178 morphological changes, clinical Ancient classical times, 1–2 Arch of foot, 129 Angina, 350 Arm abduction, shoulder pain, 323 significance, 9–10 Arm pain, C3/C4–C5/C6 segments nonspecific (Jayson)/idiopathic, 10 dysfunction, 358 thoracic spine, 317–318 Arm raising see also Low-back pain motor pattern (stereotype) Back support, lumbar spine disturbance, 30 hypermobility, 177 417

Manipulative Therapy Balance, 19, 20 case study, 347 examination, 116–124 disturbance see Equilibrium symptoms, 346–347 individual motion segments, disturbance C7 radicular syndrome, 347 118–119 role of feet, 229, 294 C8 radicular syndrome, 347 mobility between occiput and atlas, Calcaneal spur, 321 122–123 Barrier, 13–14, 171, 172, 175, 377 post-isometric relaxation, 277–279 passive mobility, 117–118 anatomical, 13 patient in side-lying position, engagement technique (taking up the self-treatment, 279 119–120 slack), 183, 230 soft tissue manipulation, 235 patient sitting, 119 passive mobility testing, 100 Capitate, manipulation techniques, 188 patient supine, 119 pathological, 13 Capsular pattern screening, 116–117 active scars, 338 elbow, 126 shifting techniques, 121–122 painful periosteal points, 236 knee joint, 321 physiological, 13, 14, 183 limb joints, 124 functional anatomy, 65–70 protective function, 14 shoulder, 125 C3-C7, 65 soft-tissue examination, 93–94 craniocervical junction, 65–66 frozen, 323 Basilar impression, 74, 83–84, Cardiac arrhythmias, 349 functional evaluation, 74–77 339–340, 341 Cardiac disease, 350–351 axis rotation in neutral position, 75, 77 case study, 340 case study, 351 forward-drawn posture, 74 indications for manipulative Carpal bones isolated rotation of atlas, 75 localized irregularities, 74–75 treatment, 168 distraction, 326 natural posture evaluation, 74 Bed rest, disk herniation, 310 manipulation techniques, 190 rotation of vertebrae, 75, 77 Belts, 368 self-applied traction, 245 statics, 74, 77 Biceps brachii Carpal tunnel syndrome, 26–27, 190, functional techniques, 224–225 C5 radicular syndrome, 346 326, 359 inspection, 116 lateral epicondylar pain, 324 case study, 326–327 intervertebral disk thickness, 65 post-isometric relaxation, 257 clinical signs, 326 intervertebral joints, 65 trigger points, 256, 257 high-velovity, low amplitude joint play, 67, 121 unilateral chains of dysfunction, 161 kinematics, 66–67 Biceps femoris, 129 technique indications, 168 manipulation techniques, 218–223 forward-drawn posture, 160 pathogenesis, 326 post-isometric relaxation, 275–277 symptoms, 326 Jirout’s maneuver, 218–219 therapy, 326 mobilization, 219–220 self-treatment, 276–277 Carpometacarpal joint of thumb rotation high-velocity, low- trigger points, 311 manipulation techniques, 188–189 self-applied traction, 245 amplitude thrust, 222 fibular head restriction, 321 wrist pain, 325 traction, 218 headache, 330 Carpometacarpal joints, 127 traction high-velocity, low- Biceps tendon pain, 125 manipulation techniques, 189–191 Biedermann, F, 3 Carrying amplitude thrust, 220 Block vertebrae, cervical spine, 82 locomotor system dysfunction traction low-velocity thrust, Body statics see Statics Body temperature elevation, 90 prevention, 365–366 220–222 Bones, relative mobility examination, 94 motor pattern mobility testing, 101, 143 Braces, 368 morphological changes, 82–85 Brachial plexus compression, thoracic disturbance, 30 movement studies, 77–81 examination, 149 muscle imbalance, 318–319 outlet syndrome, 327 retraining, 292 Brassieres, 368 work-related back pain symptoms, 318 Breath hold, diaphragm postural therapy, 318–319 assessment, 372 osteochondrosis, 26 function, 31 Cauda equina syndrome, 178, 346 pain, 318–319 Breathing Central paresis, motor pattern see also Wry neck, acute palpation, 116–117 retraining, 293–294 disturbances, 28 pain points, 117 see also Respiration; Respiratory Cervical collar, 297 respiratory synkinesis, 32 Cervical dizziness, 334, 335 retraining, movement pattern synkinesis Cervical migraine, 355 Britain, 3 Cervical myalgia, acute, 225 correction, 296 British Institute of Musculoskeletal Cervical region, stretching exercises, rotation, 78–79, 117–118, 120–121, Medicine (BIMM), 3 237 123–124 Brushing technique, 226 Cervical rib, 59, 82 hypermobility assessment, 143 Bruxism, 130, 331, 358 Cervical spine, 62–85 self-mobilization, 243–244 Buttocks, rotational shifting of deep anteflexion/retroflexion between anomalies, 82–84 fascia, 233 anteflexion/retroflexion, 65, 67–70, occipus and atlas, 244 side-bending, 243 C 79, 117, 122–123 side-bending, 117, 118–120, 123, 243 basilar impression, 83–84 trauma with cranial trauma, 354, 356 C3/C4–C5/C6, symptoms of block vertebrae, 82 whiplash injury, 355–356 dysfunction, 358–359 C3/C4–C5/C6, symptoms of X-ray anatomy, 71–74 anteroposterior view, 71–72 C5 radicular syndrome, 346 dysfunction, 358–359 C6 radicular syndrome childhood movement restriction, 25 degenerative changes, 85 418

Index lateral view, 72–74 treatment, 369 Coracoid process, pain points, 263 X-ray film assessment, 63–64 remedial exercise, 370 Cortisone preparations, 178 X-ray technique, 62–63 school headache, 332 spinal column dysfunction, 24–26 acromioclavicular joint treatment, 324 Sandberg–Gutmann procedure, 62 carpal tunnel syndrome, 326 Cervical syncope (drop attacks), cervical region, 25 frozen shoulder, 323 tactile perception development, lateral epicondylar pain, 325 334, 335 Costen’s syndrome, 331 Cervical syndrome, 318, 319 225–226, 228 Costotransverse joint, 59, 60 Cervicobrachial pain, cervicothoracic see also Developmental kinesiology; gapping, 217 Costovertebral joint, 59–60 junction dysfunction, 359 Newborn infants Counterstrain technique see Strain and Cervicobrachial syndrome, epicondylar ‘Chinese stance’, 286 Chiropractic, 2 counterstrain technique pain, 324 Course of disease, patient history, 88–89 Cervicocranial syndrome, 329–338, 349 barrier, definition, 14 Coxalgia see Hip joint pain training, 2 ‘Cradle’, 284 equilibrium disturbance, 333–338 Chopart’s joint see Tarsal transverse joint Cramer, A, 3 headache, 329–333 Clavicular breathing, 31, 150, 151, 179, Cranial base, 64, 72 post-traumatic states, 355 Cranial trauma, post-traumatic states, Cervicothoracic junction, 21, 59, 67 253, 318, 349, 350 dysfunction, 21 angina, 350 354–355 breathing pattern retraining, 293 Craniocervical junction, 20 symptoms, 359 migraine, 332 manipulation techniques reaction chains of dysfunction, 156 balance maintenance, 20 syndrome of superior thoracic dysfunctions, 20–21 high-velocity, low-amplitude thrust, functional anatomy, 65–66 219–220 aperture, 161 hypermobility, 79, 81 thoracic outlet syndrome, 327 manipulation techniques, 222–223 traction low-velocity thrust, Clivus, 71, 72 mobilization techniques 220–222 Clothing, locomotor system dysfunction anteflexion, 222 mobilization techniques prevention, retroflexion, 223 rotation, 220 368–369 side-bending, 222 side-bending, 219–220 Clothing sensitivity, 228 side-bending between atlas and Clumsiness, 22, 33 respiratory synkinesis, 32 Co-activation patterns, 377, 378 axis, 223 restriction, thoracic outlet developmental kinesiology, 23, 159 restriction Coccygeal pain, 107, 303–304, 320, 360 syndrome, 327 clinical signs, 304 children, 25 rotation examination, 121 symptoms, 304 thoracic outlet syndrome, 327 self-mobilization, 242–243 therapy, 304 tonsillitis, 349 gluteus maximus/levator ani post- stabilizer retraining, 296 forward and backward isometric relaxation, 272 Craniocervical junction short extensors movement, 242 Coccygeus post-isometric relaxation, 250–251 examination, 106–107 self-treatment, 251 rotation (Gaymans method), 243 facilitation, 283–284 trigger points, 319, 358 side-bending examination, 119 trigger points, 107 migraine, 332 Cervicothoracic region, 96 clinical findings, 315 unilateral chains of dysfunction, 161 soft tissue (fascia) rotation, 234 low-back pain, 314–315 Cross-country skiing, 368 Cervicothoracic transitional migraine, 332 Crossed extension reflex, 22 therapy, 315 Curvatures of spine vertebrae, 82 Coccyx effects of pelvis type, 50 Chain reaction patterns, 20, 155–162, manipulation techniques, 208–209 inspection, 91–92 per rectum, 209 spinal column radiology, 40, 45, 167, 174, 378 palpation, 107 analysis, 161–162 symptoms of dysfunction, 360 47, 48 basic function patterns, 155 Cold avoidance, 368 thoracic, 60–61 causes, 160–161 Colles’ fracture, 325, 357 Cyriax, J, 3, 11 course of manipulative treatment, 179 Compensation of dysfunction, 26 Czechoslovakia, 3 developmental kinesiology, 157–158 Computer monitor position, 365 diaphragm, importance of, 160–161 Computerized tomography (CT), spinal D feet, importance of, 294, 321 canal, 56 forward-drawn posture, 311 Concussion, 354 Dancing, 368 lower extremity radicular associated cervical spine trauma, de Kleyn test, 132, 335, 336 354–355 Deep neck flexors syndromes, 345 Connective tissue fold stretching, 171, multiple patterns, 180 230–231 facilitation, 279–280 pathomechanisms, 159–160 Connective tissue massage, 171 muscle test, 136 reaction chains of dysfunction, Contraindications of manipulation, upper crossed syndrome, 152 169–170 Deep stabilizers of spinal column, 157, 155–157 Coordinated movements, 145–146 trunk rotation, 161, 269 see also Motor patterns (stereotypes) 377, 378 dysfunctional chain reactions, 160 restriction, 315, 316 unilateral, 161 Chairs, 365, 372 Childbirth, 353, 354 remedial exercise following, 370 Children anteflexion headache, 332 programming of movement patterns, 157–159 prophylactic manipulative 419

Manipulative Therapy facilitation, 282–285 lumbar spine self-mobilization Ellis, Richard, 3 posture, 23 (McKenzie technique), 239 End of range positions, spinal column Deep tissue mobility restoration, manipulative treatment radiology, 40 171–172 indications, 168 Endesopathy, 96 Degenerative changes, 10, 26 mechanism of effect, 11 Entrapment syndromes, 325–329 cervical spine, 65, 85 painful arc, 109, 309, 342 high-velovity, low amplitude clinical relevance, 10 radicular syndromes, 341, 342 technique indications, 168 compensation of dysfunction, 26 disk herniation, 10 diagnostic problems, 343 Epicondylar pain, 126, 127, 324 sequelae, 26 root compression, 36–37 C3/C4–C5/C6 segments Deltoid symptoms, 309 dysfunction, 358 C5 radicular syndrome, 346 therapy, 310 lateral, 324–325 frozen shoulder, 323 traction indications, 170 medial, 325 Dens, 71, 72, 74 Disk hypoplasia, 57 hypoplasia, 84 Disk lesions, lumbar spine Epicondylopathy reclination, 84 manipulation techniques, 191 Depression, 6, 7, 8, 90 radiography, 58 post-isometric relaxation masked Disk thickness radial, 256 ulnar, 258 differential diagnosis, 164 cervical spine, 65 pharmacotherapy, 178 lumbar spine, 54, 56 Epidural anesthesia Dermatomes, 99 thoracic spine, 58 disk herniation, 310 radicular syndromes, 96, 99, 100 Distraction lower extremity radicular Desk height, 365 acromioclavicular joint, 194 syndromes, 345 Deutsche Gesellschaft für Manuelle carpometacarpal joint of thumb, Equilibrium disturbance Medizin, 3 188, 189 case studies, 334, 337–338 Developmental kinesiology, 22–23, elbow joint, 191 ‘cervical pattern’, 131 interphalangeal joints, 187–188 clinical signs, 334 377, 378 intervertebral joints (gapping), 202 craniocervical syndrome, 333–338 chain reactions, 157–158 knee joint, 199 differential diagnosis, 336 co-activation patterns, 23, 157, 159 metacarpophalangeal joints, 188 examination, 130–132 motor pattern disturbances, 28, 29 metatarsophalangeal joints, 195 lateral deviation assessment, 131 Diagnostic error, 162–163 shoulder, 192 test using two scales, 131 Diaphragm, 157, 160 sternoclavicular joint, 194 therapy, 336 abdominal wall contraction vertebral artery disease, 335–336 with leverage, 194 coordination, 160–161 subtalar joint, 197 Erb’s point, 253, 346, 347 breathing retraining, 293 tarsal transverse (Chopart’s) Erector spinae, 21, 160 chain reactions, 160–161 facilitation, 282 joint, 196 active exhalation, 31–32 post-isometric relaxation, 264 tarsometatarsal (Lisfranc’s) joints, 196 deep stabilizer function, 23 postural function, 23, 30–31, 160 temporomandibular joint, 201 forward-drawn posture, 159 respiration movements, 160 wrist joint, 190–191 symptoms of dysfunction, 360 Dizziness, 333–334, 335 hypertonus, 311 trigger points, 359, 360 see also Equilibrium disturbance hip extension, 27, 28 Dorsal deep fascia, shifting cranially, 232 hip retroflexion, 133, 134 clavicular breathing, 350 Dorsopalmar shift, interphalangeal low-back pain due to overload, 303 headache, 330 lower crossed syndrome, 151, 152 migraine, 332, 333 joints, 187–188 lumbar, muscle test, 139 radicular syndromes, 347 Draughts avoidance, 368 middle thoracic spine, 59 shoulder pain, 322 Duodenum, vertebrovisceral inter- motor pattern (stereotype) thoracic outlet syndrome, 327 Differential diagnosis, 162–165 relationships, 351 disturbance, 29 case studies, 163 Dysmenorrhea, 353, 354 palpatory illusion/palpatory problems, 162–163 Digastricus, 32, 160 pelvic distortion, 311 examination, 223–224 post-isometric relaxation, 249–250 young girls, 24 post-isometric relaxation, 264–265 self-treatment, 250 trigger points, 130, 331 E lumbar region, 206, 266–267 Disk herniation, 10, 12, 26, 90, 374 self-treatment, 267 acute stage, 310 Eastern Europe, 3 thoracic region, 265–266 antalgic posture, 309, 310 Eating, motor programs, 155 thoracolumbar region, 266 autodermography, 37 Elbow trunk rotation restriction, 315 chronic stage, 310 spasm, 5, 19 clinical signs, 309–310 capsular pattern, 126 stratification syndrome, 152 degenerative changes, 10 examination, 126–127 thoracic, mobilization differential diagnosis, 164 fitness for work assessment, 372 hypermobility, 143 techniques, 210 low-back pain, 309–311, 341, 342 joint play, 126 thoracolumbar, stretching case study, 310–311 manipulation techniques, 191–192 pain, 324–325 mobilization, 206 self-mobilization in radial trigger points, 161, 303, 307, 315, direction, 245 353, 359 Electrical stimulation, indications, 174 headache, 330 Electromyography, trigger points, 96 migraine, 332 trunk rotation chain reaction pattern, 269 420

Index unilateral chains of dysfunction, 161 F Flabby posture, 49, 92 Evidence-based medicine, 153 Flat foot, 129 Facilitation (training weak muscles), functional, 295, 361 treatment strategy, 167 279–285 unilateral, pelvic obliquity, 176 Examination, 87 coccygeus, 283–284 Flexion, lumbar spine mobilization, ‘cradle’, 284 205–206 balance disturbance, 130–132 gluteus maximus, 285 self-mobilization, 239 cervical spine, 116–124 gluteus medius, 285 Flexion posture, newborn infants, 22 coordinated movements (motor hip muscles, 285 Flexor retinaculum, 27 lumbar spine deep stabilizers, Follow-up stereotypes), 145–146 282–283 examination, 8, 179 course in patients with dysfunctions, neck deep flexors, 279–280 therapy/aftercare, 186–187 pelvic floor, 283–285 Foot, 21 153–154 ‘pelvic see-saw’, 284–285 arch, 129 foot, 129–130 rectus abdominis, 281–282 balance maintenance, 294 functional approach, 154–155 serratus anterior, 280–281 chain reaction patterns, 294, 321 hip, 127–128 transversus abdominis, 282, 283 unilateral, 161 hypermobility, 140–145 trapezius (lower part), 280 dysfunctions, 21 knee, 128–129 trunk muscles, 279–285 symptoms, 361 limb joints, 124–130 Fascia examination, 129–130 lumbar spine, 108–112 mobility restoration, 171–172, 231, exteroceptive stimulation, 173, mobility testing, 100–101 359 294–295, 321 muscle function, 132–140 dorsal, 232 functional diagnosis, 129 palpation (soft-tissue examination), extremities, 234–235 joint play, 130 lower extremity radicular joints, 130 93–100 syndromes, 345 pain, 321 pelvis, 101–108 lumbar, 231–232 instep, strain and counterstrain retesting, 153 neck, 234–235 technique, 225 ribs, 115–116 scalp, 233–234 post-traumatic states, 357 temporomandibular joint, 130 thorax, 233 retraining of movement patterns, thoracic spine, 112–115 trunk, 232 294–295 Exhalation, 151 palpation, 94 abductor pollicis brevis/hallux active, 31–32 self-mobilization, 237 valgus, 296 mouth opening, 32 shifting (stretching), 231–232 dorsiflexion, 296 muscle relaxation facilitation, 32 Fatigue, motor pattern (stereotype) functional flat foot, 295 passive, 31 disturbances, 28 splay foot, 295–296 respiratory synkinesis, 184, 185 Femoral nerve stretch test, 274 standing posture, 286 Expert assessment, locomotor system L4 pseudoradicular (reflex) syndrome, walking, 286 320 rocking technique, 295 dysfunction, 371–375 lower extremity radicular syndromes, rotation, 129 fitness for work, 371–373 342, 343 stratification syndrome, 153 trauma, 373–375 rectus femoris spasm, 306–307 tactile sensitivity, 294 Extensor digitorum brevis, L5 radicular segment L3/L4 dysfunction, 359 assessment, 228–229 Fibromyalgia syndrome, 96 asymmetry, 228, 229 syndrome, 343 differential diagnosis, 164–165 trigger points on sole Extensor hallucis longus, L5 radicular Fibular head headache, 330 pain, biceps femoris post-isometric migraine, 332, 333 syndrome, 343 relaxation, 275 Foot deep flexors Exteroceptive stimulation, restriction, 129, 198, 320–321, 360 post-isometric relaxation, 321 forward-drawn posture, 311 splay foot, 295 225–229 symptoms of dysfunction, 361 trigger points, 321 abdomen, 229 Fibularis, S1 radicular syndrome, 343 Foot extensors, post-isometric facilitation, 279 Field of disturbance, 7 relaxation, 277 feet, 228–229, 294, 321 Finger extensors Footwear, 368 hands, 228 lateral epicondylar pain, 324 corrective indications, 173 post-isometric relaxation, 256–257 pelvic obliquity, 176–177 mouth, 228 self-treatment, 256–257 splay foot, 295 self-treatment, 229 stimulation, 23, 29 Foramen magnum, 71, 72 tongue, 228 trigger points, 358 basion, 72 see also Tactile perception unilateral chains of dysfunction, 161 opisthion, 72 Extremities Fingers, self-applied traction, 245 plane, 73 post-traumatic states, 357 Fitness for work Foramen transversarium, 64, 72 self-mobilization of joints, 245–246 exercise training, 372 Forearm extensors, trigger points, 256 shifting (stretching) deep fascia, expert assessment, 371–373 Forward-drawn posture, 49, 92, 93, Fixation, spinal column manipulation, 159–160, 177, 321, 330, 234–235 201, 202 361 soft tissue (fascia) rotation, 234–235 see also Lower extremities; Upper extremities Eye movement, 185 combining techniques, 185 inhalation/exhalation facilitation (respiratory synkinesis), 29, 32, 185 motor pattern training, 29 with post-isometric relaxation, 247 421

Manipulative Therapy abdominal muscle tension, 353 unilateral chains of dysfunction, 161 Head cervical spine pain, 318 Gluteus medius position, 20 cervicocranial headache, 330 locomotor system dysfunction chain reaction patterns, 311 facilitation, 285 prevention, 365 clinical findings, 311 lower crossed syndrome, 152 weight carrying, 30 low-back pain, 311–313 muscle test, 134–135 reaction chains of eating/speaking post-isometric relaxation, 273 dysfunction, 157 case study, 312–313 trigger points, 359 rotation, 26, 79 therapy, 311–312 ‘Gothic’ shoulders, 139 arm lifting retraining, 292 palpatory illusion, 311 Gravity-induced post-isometric symptoms, 311 Head injury France, 3 relaxation, 247 patient history, 89 Frozen neck syndrome, 355–356 biceps brachii, 257 post-traumatic states, 354–355 Frozen shoulder, 126, 192, 322–323 erector spinae, lumbar region, 266 prevention, 357 capsular pattern, 323 gluteus maximus, 272 clinical signs, 323 gluteus medius, 273 Head and neck muscles, post-isometric stages, 322 hip adductors, 274 relaxation, 248–255 symptoms, 322 iliopsoas, 270 therapy, 323 infraspinatus, 260 Headache, 363 trigger points in subscapularis, 260 ischiocrural muscles, 274 anteflexion, 332 Functional approach, 154–155 latissimus dorsi, 261 atlantoaxial segment dysfunction, 358 Functional diagnosis, 40–41 levator ani, 272 atlanto-occipital segment body statics, 40 levator scapulae, 253 dysfunction, 358 spinal column mobility pectoralis major, 261, 262 C3/C4–C5/C6 segments pectoralis minor, 263 dysfunction, 358 (kinematics), 40 quadratus lumborum, 269 with cervical component, Functional techniques, 223–224 rectus abdominis, 270 329–330, 336 rectus femoris, 274 clinical signs, 330 cervical spine treatment, 224–225 scalenes, 253 sleeping position, 366 lumbar spine treatment, 224 serratus anterior, 264 symptoms, 330 palpatory examination/palpatory soleus, 277 therapy, 330–331 sternocleidomastoid, 254 cervicocranial syndrome, 329–333 illusion, 223–224 subscapularis, 260 cervicothoracic junction thoracic spine treatment, 224 tensor fasciae latae, 273 dysfunction, 359 teres major, 261 children, 24, 332 G toe deep short flexors, 279 differential diagnosis, 333 trapezius forward-drawn posture, 312 Gait, 155 mandibulocranial syndrome, 331 motor stereotypes examination, 150 horizontal part, 268–269 patient history, 89, 90 reaction chains of dysfunction, 156 upper part, 253 post-concussion syndrome, 355 see also Walking triceps brachii, 258 temporomandibular joint Gravity-induced relaxation, 184, 185, 247 dysfunction, 358 Galen, 1–2 combining techniques, 185 tension, 329 Gall bladder disease see also Gravity-induced post- thoracic outlet syndrome, 327 vasomotor, 329, 332 case study, 352 isometric relaxation vertebrovisceral inter-relationships, Greater trochanter tenderness, 272 Heart, vertebrovisceral inter- Gutmann device, 41 relationships, 350–351 352 Gutmann, G, 3 Gastrocnemius, muscle test, 137 Gymnastics, 367, 370 Heel insert, 47, 102 Germany, 3 Gynecological disorders, low-back pain, pelvic obliquity, 177 Glenohumeral joint 353–354 Heel pain, 321 joint play, 124 soft tissue manipulation, 235 mobility examination, 143–144 H Glomerulonephritis, 352 Heel, self-mobilization, 237 Gluteal muscles Hallux valgus, 129 Hemihypertrophy, 92 coccygeal pain, 303, 304 abductor pollicis brevis retraining, 296 High-velocity, low-amplitude thrust low-back pain due to overload, 303 S1 radicular syndrome, 343 Hand techniques, 2, 17 Gluteus maximus hypersensitivity, 228, 229 carpometacarpal joint of thumb, coccygeal pain, 107, 303, 304 hypertonus/cramping, 296 facilitation, 285 post-traumatic states, 357 188–189 forward-drawn posture, 160 retraining movement patterns, 296 cervical spine hip extension, 27 tactile sensitivity assessment, 228 hip retroflexion, 133 rotation, 222 lower crossed syndrome, 151, 152 Hand extensors traction at upper vertebra, 220 motor pattern disturbance, 29 post-isometric relaxation, 256 cervicothoracic junction, 219–220 muscle test, 133–134 self-treatment, 256–257 contraindications, 169–170 post-isometric relaxation, 208, trigger points, 358 case report, 170 errors, 169, 186 272, 304 Hard palate, 64 hip joint, 199–200 self-treatment, 272 Hautant’s test, 130–131, 333, 335 pain (coxalgia), 304 trigger points, 360 indications, 168 lower extremity radicular syndromes, acute stage, 345 422

Index lumbar spine, 202, 206 Hypermobility electrical stimulation, 174 metacarpophalangeal joints, 188 cervical spine, 77, 79, 81 exteroceptive stimulation, 173 ribs, 215–217 compensation of restriction, 26 high-velovity, low amplitude thrust constitutional, 33–34 first, 218 diagnostic guidelines, 140 techniques, 168 sacroiliac joint, 206, 208 examination, 140–145 immobilization, 177 safety, 186 lower limb joints, 144–145 local anesthesia, 173–174 talocrural joint, 198 spinal column, 140–143 manipulation, 168 technical aspects, 186 upper limb joints, 143–144 massage, 172–173 thoracic spine, 212–214 generalized pathological, 33 needling, 173–174 wrist joint, 190–191 high promontory (assimilation) pharmacotherapy, 178 Hip pelvis, 50 reflex therapy, 172–173 examination, 127–128 high-velocity, low-amplitude thrust remedial exercise, 175–176 extension, motor pattern disturbance, techniques induction, 186 soft-tissue manipulation, 171–172 localized pathological, 33 supports, 177 27, 29 low-back pain due to muscle/ligament surgery, 178 flexion testing, 141 overload, 303 traction, 170–171 hypermobility examination, 145 lumbar spine, 58, 177 Indirect techniques, 223–225 joint pattern in dysfunction, 128 manipulation contraindications, 170 Inflammatory disorders, 9–10, 162 manipulation techniques, 199–200 passive mobility testing, 100 differential diagnosis, 165 muscle facilitation, 285 seated patient inspection, 93 manipulation contraindications, 170 osteoarthritis, 304, 360 Inflatable cushion, 297 Hypersensitivity, 226, 227 Infraspinatus, 125 sacroiliac joint restriction, 308 abdomen, 229 frozen shoulder, 323 pain points, 128 hands, 228 post-isometric relaxation, 259–260 post-traumatic states, 357 normalizing tactile perception, 226 retroflexion, 133–134 surgical scars, 227 self-treatment, 260 rotation, walking re-training, 287 clothing sensitivity, 228 trigger points, 359 symptoms of dysfunction, 360 paradoxical hypersensitivity, 227 Hip abductors, post-isometric tongue, 228 shoulder pain, 322 Inguinal region pain, rotational shifting relaxation, 272–273 Hypesthesia Hip adductors, 160 carpal tunnel syndrome, 326 of deep fascia, 233 nocturnal meralgia paresthetica, 328 Inhalation, 151 post-isometric relaxation, 274 radicular syndromes, 342, 343, trigger points, 360 346, 347 mouth opening, 32 unilateral chains of dysfunction, 161 surgical scars, 227 respiratory synkinesis, 32, 184, 185 Hip flexors Inspection, 90–93 L4 radicular syndrome, 343 Hyposensitivity cervical spine, 116 low-back pain due to overload, 303 feet, 228–229 limb joints, 124 lower crossed syndrome, 151, 152 normalizing tactile perception, 226 pelvis, 101 muscle test, 138–139 tongue, 228 posture, 90–92 Hip joint pain (coxalgia), 304, 359, 360 seated patient, 93 case study, 306 I ‘Instant relief phenomenon’, following hip injury, 357 lifestyle advice, 304 Idiopathic back pain, 10 172, 338 motor pattern disturbances, 28 Iliacus, 311 Intermittent claudication, 342 symptoms, 304 therapy, 304 trigger points, 270, 304, 307, 353, neurogenic (radicular), 343–344 Hippocrates, 1, 11 360 case study, 344 History of manipulation therapy, 1–4 Hot pack therapy, active scars, 339 S1 pseudoradicular syndrome, 320 International Federation for Manual Housemaid’s knee, 129 unilateral chains of dysfunction, 161 (Musculoskeletal) Medicine Humeroradial joint, 191 Iliolumbar ligament pain, 108 (FIMM), 4 Humeroscapular periarthropathy, 322 post-isometric relaxation, 272 Humeroulnar joint, 191 Iliolumbar ligaments, 56 Interphalangeal joints, 127 Hyperalgesic zone, 4, 5, 35, 36, 377 Iliopsoas dorsopalmar shift/distraction/ coccygeal pain, 107, 304 muscle test, 138 laterolateral shift, 187–188 headache with cervical component, nocturnal meralgia paresthetica, 329 manipulation techniques, 187–188 post-isometric relaxation, 270 toes, 195 330 palpation, 93–94 trunk rotation restriction, 315 Interscapular muscles, upper crossed stretching techniques Immobilization syndrome, 152 connective tissue fold, 231 disk herniation, 310 Intra-articular cortisone injection skin, 171, 230 indications, 177 frozen shoulder, 323 Hyperkyphosis, 140 radicular syndromes, acute stage, see also Cortisone preparations Hyperlordosis cervical spine, forward-drawn posture, 344, 345 Intradermal blebs, 173 Impingement syndrome, shoulder, 193, Ischiocrural muscles, 29, 160 74 craniocervical region, 92 323 forward-drawn posture, 160 lumbar spine, 140 Indications, 167–180 hip extension, 27, 28 hip retroflexion, 133–134 lower crossed syndrome, 152 acupuncture, 174 lower crossed syndrome, 151, 152 muscle test, 137–138, 141 post-isometric relaxation, 274 stratification syndrome, 152 trigger points, 360 423

Manipulative Therapy L5 pseudoradicular syndrome, 320 Kyphosis, 21 Lewit, K, 3 S1 pseudoradicular syndrome, 320 juvenile osteochondrosis, 317 Lifestyle factors, 178–179, 364–365 Isometric traction, respiratory lumbar spine hypermobility, 177 hip joint pain, 304 synkinesis, 185 radiographic evaluation, 57 locomotor system dysfunction respiratory synkinesis, 32 J sitting posture, 317 prevention, 365–367 thoracic spine, 61–62, 92 active, 367–369 Jirout’s maneuver, 218–219 mobilization into extension, passive, 365–367 acute wry neck, 319 209–210 Lifting upper crossed syndrome, 152 locomotor system dysfunction Johnston’s functional techniques see Functional techniques L prevention, 365–366 straightening from forward-flexed Joint mobility L4 pseudoradicular (reflex) syndrome, passive testing, 100 320 position, 30 remedial exercise, 175 technique correction, 345 Stoddard’s classification, 169 L4 radicular syndrome, 342 work-related back pain assessment, symptoms, 342–343 Joint movements 372 functional, 14 L5 pseudoradicular syndrome, 320 Limb joints passive joint play, 14–15 L5 radicular syndrome, 342 restriction demonstration, 14 capsular pattern, 124 post-isometric relaxation of examination, 124–130 Joint play, 14–15, 16 piriformis, 275 inspection, 124 ankle, 129 joint play, 124 carpal tunnel syndrome, 326 symptoms, 343 restriction, 124 cervical spine, 67, 121 foot dorsiflexion weakness, 296 Lisfranc’s joint see Tarsometatarsal joints elbow, 126 Liver disease, vertebrovisceral inter- foot joints, 130 Labor pain, low-back, 353–354 glenohumeral joint, 124 Lasègue’s sign, 37 relationships, 352 knee, 128 Lateral cutaneous femoral nerve Load carrying see Carrying limb joints, 124 Local anesthesia, 298–299 passive mobility testing, 100 entrapment restriction demonstration, 14 case study, 329 acromioclavicular joint, 324 sacroiliac joints, 50–51 nocturnal meralgia paresthetica, 328 active scars, 338 shoulder, 124, 126 Lateral epicondylar pain, 324–325 carpal tunnel syndrome, 326 temporomandibular joint, 130 clinical signs, 324 epicondylar pain, 325 tibiofibular joint, 129 symptoms, 324 frozen shoulder, 323 therapy, 325 indications, 173–174 Juvenile osteochondrosis unilateral chains of dysfunction, 161 radicular syndromes, lower extremity, (Scheuermann’s disease), 90 Lateral projection, 41, 55–56 cervical spine, 63, 64, 72–74 345 indications for manipulative lumbar spine and pelvis, 41 slipping rib, 318 treatment, 168 thoracic spine, 60 Locking techniques, spinal column Laterolateral shift, interphalangeal kyphotic deformity, 62 manipulation, 201–202 thoracic spine pain, 317 joints, 187–188 coupled movements, 201 Laterolateral springing, knee joint, 199 Locomotor system dysfunction, 301– K Latissimus dorsi 361 Kidney disease, vertebrovisceral inter- post-isometric relaxation, 260–261 analysis of pathogenesis, 8 relationships, 352 trigger points, 359 associated structural disease, 339–347 Leg flexion/extension, walking KISS syndrome, 25 case studies, 340, 341 Knee movement pattern re-training, clinical features, individual motion 287 examination, 128–129 Leg length difference, 102 segments, 357–361 hypermobility, 144 body statics, 45 diagnosis, 12–13, 87–165 pelvic obliquity, 102 equilibrium disturbance, 333 joint dysfunction, 321 Levator ani expert assessment, 371–375 capsular pattern, 321 coccygeal pain, 303, 304 functional disturbances, 7, 12–13, 36, joint pattern, 129 post-isometric relaxation, 209, 272, 304 348, 377 joint play, 128 self-treatment, 272 importance, 363–364 manipulation techniques, 198–199 trigger points, 107, 209, 304, 360 incidence, 363–364 osteoarthritis, 321 Levator scapulae nervous control faults/psychological pain arm raising, 30 muscle test, 139 lability, 21–22 with hip joint pain, 304 post-isometric relaxation, 251–252 pain, 5–6, 34, 35 motor pattern disturbances, 28 self-treatment, 253 prevention see Prevention points, 129 trigger points, 319, 358 vertebrovisceral inter-relationships, post-traumatic states, 357 shoulder pain, 322 self-mobilization, 246 weight carrying, 30 348 Koláˇr’s tests, 282 London College of Osteopathic Krauss, H, 3 Kubis, E, 3 Medicine, 3 Longissimus, 160 Lordosis, 40 cervical spine, 92 lumbar spine radiographic evaluation, 57 respiratory synkinesis, 32 424

Index spinal column reaction to obliquity, functional techniques, 224 mobility restoration, 17 45, 47, 48 intervertebral disk thickness, 54, 56 safety (complications), 169–170 joints of vertebral arches, 54 case study, 170 Low-back pain, 302–317, 359, 360, 363 low-back pain, 302–317 technical aspects, 182–223 acute, strain and counterstrain due to muscle/ligament overload, direction of treatment, 183 technique, 225 303 fixation, 182 case studies, 304, 306, 308–309, manipulation/mobilization techniques, follow-up treatment/aftercare, 310–311, 312–313, 316–317 203–205 186–187 coccygeal pain, 107, 303–304 mobilization into flexion, 205–206 high-velocity, low-amplitude thrust, coccygeus, 314–315 rotation mobilization, 203–205 186 combined lesions, 316 traction, 202–203 neuromuscular mobilization, disk herniation, 309–311, 341, 342 physiological reaction to obliquity, 45 184–186 forward-drawn posture, 311–313 radiography, 41–43 position of practitioner, 182 gynecological disorders, 353–354 anatomy, 54–57 positioning of patient, 182 hip joint pain, 304, 306 evaluation of function, 57 record keeping, 186 inflare and outflare, 313–314 fifth (last) lumbar vertebra, 56 retesting, 186 labor pain, 353 movement studies, 58 simple mobilization, 183–184 lumbar spine/sacroiliac joint statics evaluation, 43–45 starting position of joint, 183 restriction, 308–309 statics in frontal plane, 43, 45–47 taking up the slack (engaging the overload, muscle/ligament, 303 statics in sagittal plane, 43, 48–49 barrier), 183 pelvic distortion, 311 restriction, 306–309 see also Manipulation techniques pelvic floor, 314–315 case study, 308–309 theoretical aspects, 10–12 radicular syndromes, 341, 342 clinical signs, 306, 307 treatment course, 179–180 sleeping position, 366 symptoms, 306 Manipulation table height, 182 traction indications, 170 therapy, 306 Manipulation techniques trunk rotation restriction, 315–316 self-mobilization, 238–240 acromioclavicular joint, 193–194 extension, 239 carpometacarpal joints, 189–191 Lower crossed syndrome, 151–152, 368 flexion, 239–240 thumb, 188–189 Lower extremities lower lumbar spine into cervical spine, 218–223 anteflexion/retroflexion, 238– elbow, 191–192 manipulation techniques, 195–200 239 extremity joints, 187–201 post-isometric relaxation, 272–279 McKenzie technique, 239–240 lower, 195–200 reaction chains of gait dysfunction, retroflexion and side-bending, 239 upper, 187–195 symptoms of dysfunction hip joint, 199–200 156 L2/L3, 359 interphalangeal joints, 187–188, 195 Lower extremity pain, 359, 360 L3/L4, 359 knee joint, 198–199 L4/L5, 360 metacarpophalangeal joints, 188 fitness for work assessment, 372 Lumbodorsal fascia, 30 metatarsophalangeal joints, 195–196 referred, 320 Lumbosacral hiatus, 96 pelvis, 206–209 Lower extremity radicular syndromes, Lumbosacral junction, 56 coccyx, 208–209 dysfunction, 21 sacroiliac joint, 206–208 341–346 symptoms, 360 radicular syndromes, lower extremity, diagnostic problems, 343 X-ray imaging, 41, 43 345 history taking, 341–342 Lumbosacral reflexes, role in balance, 20 radioulnar joint, distal, 191 symptoms, 342–343 Lumbosacroiliac joint region, 21 ribs, 214–217 therapy Lung disease, 349–350 shoulder, 192–193 shoulder blade, 194–195 acute stage, 344–345 spinal column, 201–223 chronic stage, 345 M cervical, 218–222 indications for surgery, 345–346 lumbar, 203–206 Lumbago, 20 Maigne, R, 3, 11 thoracic, 209–214 acute, 12, 49 Malocclusion, 331 sternoclavicular joint, 194–195 antalgic position, 15 Mandibulocranial syndrome, 130, 331 subtalar joint, 196–197 children, 24 case study, 331–332 talocalcaneonavicular joint, 196–197 patient history, 89 clinical signs, 331 talocrural joint, 197–198 Lumbar belt, 177 symptoms, 331 tarsal transverse (Chopart’s) joint, Lumbar deep fascia, shifting caudally, therapy, 331 195–196 Manipulation, 377–380 tarsometatarsal (Lisfranc’s) joints, 231–232 cardinal errors, 169 195–196 Lumbar rib, 59 contraindications, 169–170 temporomandibular joint, 201 Lumbar spine, 54–58, 302 future role, 377–380 tibiofibular joint, 198 historical aspects, 2–3 wrist joints, 189–191 examination, 108–112 indications, 168 Massage, 226 active movement screening locomotor system dysfunction indications, 172–173 examination, 108–109 prevention, 369–370 soft tissue manipulation comparison, anteflexion, 111, 141–142 mechanism of effect, 11–12, 16–17 175 hypermobility, 140–142 individual motion segments, 109–110 mobility, 101, 110 palpation, 109, 110 retroflexion, 110–111, 140–141 rotation, 142 side-bending, 111–112, 142 springing tests, 109–110 425

Manipulative Therapy Masseter, trigger points, 130, 248 lower extremity, 345 psychological lability, 21–22 Masticatory muscles, 32, 160 upper extremities, 347 examination, 145–146 ribs, 214–215 post-isometric relaxation, 248–249 with one rib resticted during anteflexion (stooping and self-treatment, 249 straightening), 145–147 exhalation, 215 respiratory synkinesis, 201 overtake phenomenon, 215 gait, 150 trigger points pressure mobilization, 215 head and neck rotation, 148 with restricted inhalation, 215 patient sitting, 145–149 headache, 330, 331 sacroiliac joint, 206 patient standing erect, 149–150 mandibulocranial syndrome, 331 in horizontal plane, 206 raising arms, 148–149 Medial epicondylar pain, 325 lower end, 207–208 respiratory movements, 150–151 Median nerve compression, 326 in sagittal plane, 206 standing on one leg, 149–150 see also Carpal tunnel syndrome upper part, 207 trunk rotation, 148 Ménière’s disease, 333, 334 shoulder, 193 training, 29 Meningeal bleeding, 319 shoulder blade, 194–195 Mouth Meniscoids sternoclavicular joint, 324 closure, 184 entrapment, 16 talocrural joint, 197 opening, 130, 184 mechanism of manipulation therapy, tarsal transverse (Chopart’s) joint, respiratory synkinesis, 32 tactile sensitivity assessment, 228 16–17 195 Movement studies, spinal column Mennell, JA, 2–3 tarsometatarsal (Lisfranc’s) joints, 195 Menstrual symptoms, 353, 354 techniques, 183–184, 378 radiology, 40 Multifidi, 16, 157, 160 case study, 354 neuromuscular, 184–185 Menstruation, 90 temporomandibular joint, 201 facilitation, 282 Metabolic disease, 162 thoracic spine, 209–212 Multiple chain reaction patterns, 180 Metacarpals, mutual shifting technique, vertebral artery insufficiency, 337 Multiple sclerosis, 22 Mobilization massage, thoracic spine, Muscle function examination, 132–140 235–236 Metacarpophalangeal joints, 127 214 clinical kinesiology, 132 Morning stiffness, muscle/ligament muscle test, 27–28, 132–133 hypermobility examination, 143 muscles with a tendency to manipulation techniques, 188 overload low-back pain, 303 self-applied traction, 245 Morphological changes, 9–10 shortening, 136–140 Metatarsals, 130 muscles with a tendency to weakness, mobiliztion technique, 196 cervical spine, 82–85 mutual shifting technique, 235–236 Motion segments, vertebral 133–136 trigger points between, 321 neurological screening, 132 Metatarsophalangeal joints dysfunction, 13–19 Muscle hardness (myogelosis), 4, 5, 95 fan-wize spreading of metatarsal barrier phenomenon, 13–14 treatment methods, 6 diagnosis, 13 Muscle imbalance, 28, 377 heads, 195 cervical spine, 318–319 manipulation techniques, 195–196 effects of manipulation, 11, 17 remedial exercise, 175 restriction, 321 facilitation, 15 Muscle relaxants, 178 Microspasticity, 28, 33 restriction, 13, 15–16 Muscle spasm, 35, 237 Microtrauma, 19 sources of pain, 4, 5 post-isometric relaxation and Midcarpal joint, 127 Motor pattern (stereotype) disturbance, Migraine, 38, 180, 332–333 reciprocal inhibition, 246 children, 24 5, 12, 27–29, 377 Muscle test, 27–28, 132–133 differential diagnosis, 333 central nervous system disturbances Muscle weakness Minimal brain damage, 22, 33, 132 Mobility level scale, 140 in infants, 22 radicular syndromes, 342, 343 Mobility normalization, 12 muscle test, 27–28 training see Facilitation (training weak Mobility testing, 100–101 patterns of imbalance (clinical active mobility, 100 muscles) movement against resistance, 100 syndromes), 28 Muscle-energy techniques (MET), 2 passive mobility, 100 remedial exercise, 27, 175 Musculoskeletal medicine, 378 spinal column, 101, 110 Mylohyoid Mobilization lower extremity radicular acromioclavicular joint, 193, 324 syndromes, 345 post-isometric relaxation, 250 carpal tunnel syndrome, 326 trigger points, 130 cervical spine, 219–220 respiration, 30–32 Myofascial pain, 36 active exhalation, 31–32 Myogelosis see Muscle hardness rotation, 219 clavicular breathing, 31 Myotendinosis, 36 side-bending, 219 paradoxical breathing, 31 cervicothoracic junction side-bending, N sequelae, 29–33 219–220 arm raising, 30 Neck epicondylar pain standing, 29 reaction chains of eating/speaking straightening from forward-flexed dysfunction, 157 lateral, 325 position, 29–30 shifting (stretching) deep fascia, medial, 325 walking, 29 234–235 lumbar spine, 203–204 weight carrying, 30 soft tissue (fascia) rotation, 234 flexion, 205–206 rotation, 203–205 treatment methods, 6 Neck pain, 318 radicular syndromes Motor patterns (stereotypes), 21 atlantoaxial segment dysfunction, 358 basic functions, 155 chain reactions see Chain reaction patterns disorders in subjects with 426

Index fitness for work assessment, 372 Obstructive respiratory disease, cervical spine, 117 sleeping position, 366 349–350 hip, 128 Neck reflexes, role in balance, 20 knee, 129 Needling, 298 Occipital condyles, 71 ribs, 115 active scars, 338 Occupational health, 373 Pain threshold, 36 dry, 298 ‘Painful arc’ effects in acupuncture, 174 fitness for work, expert assessment, disk herniation, 309 epicondylar pain, 325 371–372 lower extremity radicular foot deep flexor trigger points, 321 frozen shoulder, 323 prophylactic manipulative syndromes, 342 headache with cervical component, treatment, 369 lumbar spine screening 331 Os odontoideum hypoplasia, 84 examination, 109 indications, 173–174 Osteoarthritis, 90 shoulder, 124, 193 local anesthesia, 298–299 Palmer, DD, 2 radicular syndromes carpometacarpal joint of thumb, 325 Palpation, 28, 36, 93–100 hip, 304, 360 cervical spine, 116–117 lower extremity, 345 coccyx, 107 upper extremity, 347 sacroiliac joint restriction, 308 diagnostic skills, 377 shoulder pain, 322 knee, 321 fasciae, 94 triceps brachii, 324 Osteopathy, 2 first rib mobility, 116 trigger points, 248 barrier, definition, 14 functional techniques, 223 Neoplastic disease, 90, 162 training, 2, 3 hyperalgesic zones, 93–94 manipulation contraindications, 170 Osteophytes lumbar spine, 109 Nephroptosis, 352 cervical spine, 85 patient feedback, 93 Nervous control, 21–22 compensatory formation, 26 pelvic floor/coccygeus muscle, 106 motor pattern (stereotype) Osteoporosis, 12, 90 pelvis, 101–102, 103, 106 indications for manipulative periosteal pain points, 96–97 disturbance, 27 radicular syndromes, 96–97 subjects with labile regulation, 21, 22 treatment, 168 subcutaneous tissue, 94 Neurogenic intermittent claudication, vertebral fracture tender points, 96 thoracic spine mobility, 113 343–344 T12/L1, 315 trigger points, 94–96 case study, 344 thoracic kyphotic deformity, 62 Palpatory illusion Neurological deficit, radicular Overload erector spinae examination, 223–224 cervical spine, forward-drawn forward-drawn posture, 311 syndromes, 37, 96 pelvic shear dysfunction Neuromuscular techniques, posture, 74 compensatory osteophyte (Greenman), 106 184–186, 378 Rosina test for sacroiliac joint combining techniques, 185–186 formation, 26 effects of respiration, 32 low-back pain, 303 restriction, 105 Neutral position, 11, 12 lumbar spine, motor pattern Pantyhose, 368 Neutral posture, infants, 22 Paradoxical breathing, 31, 151, 349 New Zealand, 4 disturbance, 29 Paresthesia Newborn infants restriction pathogenesis, 19 flexion posture, 22 Overtake phenomenon carpal tunnel syndrome, 326 neutral posture, 22 pelvic distortion, 102–103 radicular syndromes, 96, 342, reflexes, 22 ribs examination, 115 Nociceptive stimulation, 4–5 sacroiliac joint restriction, 103 343, 346 autonomic response, 5 surgical scars, 228 locomotor system dysfunction, 35, 36 P thoracic outlet syndrome, 327 somatic response, 5 Parkinson’s disease, 22 Nocturnal meralgia paresthetica, Pain, 34, 37–38, 357, 377 Paroxysmal tachycardia, 350–351 acute, differential diagnosis, 164 Pars interarticularis, 56 328–329 biological function, 35 Passive mobility Nodding, 67, 69 cardiac origin, 350 cervical spine examination, 117–118 Nonspecific (Jayson) back pain, 10 entrapment syndromes, 325 limb joints, 124 Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs locomotor system, 5–6 shoulder, 125 functional pathology, 36 testing, 100–101 (NSAIDs), 178 tension, 34–35 Patella Nordic walking, 368 patient history, 89–90 gliding movements, 198 Nuchal region muscles localization, 89 pain, 321 paroxysmal character, 90 Patellar reflex, L4 radicular forward-drawn posture, 159–160 position of relief/pain provocation, muscle test, 139–140 89–90 syndrome, 343 Nystagmus, 132 psychological factors, 35, 90, 164 Patient cooperation in therapy, 236 radicular (root compression), Patient history, 88–90 O 36–37, 96 referred, 35, 37 age-related disorders, 90 Obesity, 369 reflex effects, 4, 5 course of disease, 88–89 palpation of pelvis, 102, 103 relief through normalization of localization of symptoms, 89 function, 12 non-mechanical factors, 90 Oblique projection, cervical spine, 64 sources, 4, 5 paroxysmal character of pain, 90 Obliquus internus abdominis, 282 see also Nociceptive stimulation Pain points 427

Manipulative Therapy position of relief/pain provocation, walking movement pattern Post-cholecystectomy syndrome, 353 89–90 re-training, 286 Post-concussion syndrome, 355, 356 posture, 89–90 Pelvic region case study, 355 psychological factors, 90 ligament pain, 107–108 prevention, 356–357 trauma, 89 post-isometric relaxation, 271–272 Posterior cervical sympathetic Patient subjective statements following self-treatment, 272 low-back pain, 302–317 syndrome, 355 treatment, 153 due to muscle/ligament overload, Post-isometric relaxation, 6, 34, 95, Patient–practitioner relationship, 378– 303 172, 186, 246–279 379, 380 ‘Pelvic see-saw’, 284–285 Achilles tendon pain, 277, 321 Patrick’s sign, 128, 274 Pelvic shear dysfunction (Greenman), adductor pollicis, 255 basic principles, 246–247 coccygeal pain, 304, 320 106 biceps brachii, 257 coccyx dysfunction, 360 Pelvic tilt, 45, 49, 103, 285 biceps femoris, 275–277 hip joint dysfunction, 360 calcaneal spur, 277–279 hip joint pain, 304 correction, sitting movement pattern coccygeal pain, 304 L4 pseudoradicular syndrome, 320 re-training, 289 combining techniques, 185 lumbar spine/sacroiliac joint craniocervical junction short motor pattern disturbance, 29 restriction, 307 Pelvis, 49–50 extensors, 250–251 segment L3/L4 dysfunction, 359 diaphragm, 264 Pectorales, 160 anatomical variability, 50 digastricus, 249–250 muscle test, 139, 140 examination, 101–108 epicondylar pain unilateral chains of dysfunction, 161 upper crossed syndrome, 152 inspection, 101 lateral, 325 Pectoralis major palpation, 101–102 medial, 325 obstructive respiratory disease, 350 pelvic floor/coccygeus muscle, epicondylopathy post-isometric relaxation, 261–262 radial, 256 106–107 ulnar, 258 self-treatment, 262 manipulation techniques, 206–209 erector spinae, 264–265 thoracic region pain, 317 lumbar region, 266–267 trigger points, 359 coccyx, 208–209 thoracic region, 265–266 sacroiliac joint, 206–208 thoracolumbar region, 266 angina, 350 palpation, 106 trunk rotation restriction, 315 shoulder pain, 322 types, 50 external pterygoid, 250 weight carrying, 30 high promontory, 50, 52, 54 eye movement direction, 247 Pectoralis minor low promontory (overload), 50, 52 finger and hand extensors, 256–257 post-isometric relaxation, 263 normal, 50, 52 foot syndrome of superior thoracic X-ray imaging, 41–43 deep flexors, 321 statics in frontal plane, 43 extensors, 277 aperture, 161 statics in sagittal plane, 43 frozen shoulder, 192–193, 323 thoracic outlet syndrome, 327, 359 Per rectum manipulation techniques, 209 gluteus maximus, 208, 272, 304 trigger points, 327, 359 Periosteal painful points, 4 gluteus medius, 273 diagnostic importance, 98 gravity-induced see Gravity-induced shoulder pain, 322 palpation, 94, 96–97 Pelvic belt, 177 self-mobilization, 237 post-isometric relaxation soft tissue manipulation, 236 head and neck muscles, 248–255 Biedermann and Cyriax, 297–298 treatment methods, 6 headache with cervical component, Pelvic distortion, 51–54, 102–103 Perl apparatus, 203 Pes planus see Flat foot 331 body statics disturbance, 53 Pharmacotherapy, 7–8 hip abductors, 272–273 children, 24 indications, 178 hip adductors, 274 kidney disease, 352 Phasic muscles, motor pattern hip joint pain, 304 low-back pain, 311 hip region muscles, 270–272 overtake phenomenon, 102–103 disturbances, 28, 29 iliopsoas, 315 palpation, 102 Physicians, 379 indications, 172 ulcer patients, 351 infraspinatus, 259–260 Pelvic dysfunction, 106 training, 379–380 with inhalation/exhalation, 247 Pelvic floor, 157, 160 Physiotherapists, 379 ischiocrural muscles, 274 deep stabilizers of posture, 23 latissimus dorsi, 260–261 examination, 106–107 training, 379 levator ani, 209, 272, 304 facilitation, 283–285 Piriformis levator scapulae, 251–252 low-back pain, 314–315 low-back pain due to muscle/ligament symptoms of dysfunction, 360 post-isometric relaxation, 275 trigger points, 107, 308, 359, 360 trigger points, 304, 307, 308, 360 overload, 303 lower extremity muscles, 272–279 migraine, 332, 333 L5 pseudoradicular syndrome, 320 lumbar erector spinae, 206 Pelvic inflare and outflare, 106 L5 radicular syndrome, 343 lumbar spine, 203 unilateral chains of dysfunction, 161 masticatory muscles, 248–249 clinical findings, 313 Pisiform, manipulation techniques, 190 mylohyoid, 250 low-back pain, 313–314 Pleural disease, 349–350 pectoralis major, 261–262 Pleurisy, 349 pectoralis minor, 263 case study, 314 Pneumonia, 317, 349 symptoms, 313 Positional vertigo, 131–132, 333–334, therapy, 314 Pelvic obliquity, 102, 128, 129 335 secondary compensation, 176 therapy, 336 treatment, 176–177 Positioning of patient for manipulation, 182 428

Index pelvic inflare and outflare, 314 spinal column radiology (functional headache, 330 pelvic ligament pain, 108 diagnosis), 40, 41 trunk rotation chain reaction pattern, piriformis, 275 quadratus lumborum, 269 see also Sitting; Standing; Statics 269 Practitioner–patient relationship, 378– unilateral chains of dysfunction, 161 trunk rotation restriction, 315 Quadriceps femoris, 29, 160 radicular syndromes 379, 380 weakness, radicular syndromes, 343 Prehension, 155 lower extremity, 345 R upper extremity, 347 reaction chains of dysfunction, reciprocal inhibition combination, 247 156–157 Radial adduction restriction, 189 rectus abdominis, 269–270 Radial epicondylopathy, post-isometric rectus femoris, 274–275 ‘Present relevance’ diagnosis, 6–7 rib attachment point pain, 263 Pressure application, 171, 231 relaxation, 256 scalenes, 253–254 Radial styloid process pain, 325 serratus anterior, 263–264 clavicle, 194 Radial and ulnar springing (lateral shoulder pain, 322 hands, hypertonus treatment, 296 soleus, 321 trigger points, 95 gapping), 191 sternocleidomastoid, 244, 254–255 Prevention, locomotor system Radicular compression subscapularis, 260 supraspinatus, 258–259 dysfunction, 363–370 high-velocity, low-amplitude thrust technique, 184 lifestyle factors, 365–367 indications, 168 tensor fasciae latae, 273 teres major, 260–261 active measures, 367–369 traction indications, 170 theoretical basis, 247–248 passive measures, 365–367 Radicular intermittent claudication, toe extensors, 277 manipulation, 369–370 trapezius principles, 364–365 343–344 horizontal part, 267–268 Proprioception case study, 344 upper part, 252–253 disturbances, 33 Radicular pain, 36–37 treatment effect assessment, 247 role in balance maintenance, 20 lumbar spine self-mobilization treatment specificity, 247 Pseudocardiac problems, patient history, triceps brachii, 258, 324 (McKenzie technique), 239 trunk muscles, 261–270 90 muscle spasm, body statics deviations, upper extremity muscles, 255–261 Pseudocardiac syndrome, 350 Post-isometric traction Pseudoradicular pain, 35 49 acute wry neck, 319 Pseudospondylolisthesis, 57 patient history, 89 carpometacarpal joint of thumb, 188 Pseudovisceral pain, 359 strain and counterstrain technique, cervical spine, 218 hip joint, 199, 200 patient history, 89, 90 225 lumbar spine, 203 trunk rotation restriction, 315 Radicular syndromes, 10, 341–347 radicular syndromes, upper extremity, Psoas major, 160 rhythmic repetitive contraction, 184 cervical spine, 64 347 trigger points, 161, 270, 307, 315, clinical signs, 342 Post-traumatic states, 354–357 dermatomes, 96, 99, 100 359 diagnosis, 96 case studies, 355, 356–357 visceral symptoms, 352, 353 fitness for work assessment, 372 latency period, 354 trunk rotation chain reaction pattern, lower extremities see Lower prevention, 356–357 trauma to extremities, 357 269 extremity radicular syndromes Posture, 377, 378 vertebrovisceral inter-relationships, neurological deficit, 96 co-activation pattern, 23, 159 palpation (soft-tissue examination), 352–353 diaphragm/abdominal wall, 160 Psychological factors, 6, 21–22 96–97 deep stabilizers, 23 radiation pain, 96 developmental kinesiology, 22–23, pain, 35 surgery, 178 differential diagnosis, 164 traction techniques, 202 157 unilateral chains of dysfunction, 161 facilitation, 279 patient history, 90 upper extremities, 346–347 inspection, 90–92 subjects with labile nervous Radiocarpal joint, 127 manipulation techniques, 189–190 dorsal aspects, 91 regulation, 21, 22 Radiography, spinal column, 10, 11, lateral aspects, 91–92 tactile perception, 226 seated patient, 93 39–40 ventral aspects, 92–93 individual characteristics, 229 cervical spine low-back pain due to muscle/ligament Psychosomatic disorders, differential anteroposterior view, 71–72 overload, 303 diagnosis, 164 lateral view, 72–74 motor pattern disturbance, 28, 29 Pterygoids movement studies, 77–81 on one leg, motor stereotypes technique, 62–63 post-isometric relaxation, 250 X-ray film assessment, 63–64 examination, 149–150 trigger points, 130, 248 fitness for work assessment, 371, 372 re-training, 285–286 Pubic symphysis, 50 functional diagnosis respiratory movements relationship, Pyelonephritis, 352 assessability of films, 41 body statics, 40 30, 31–32, 150, 151 Q spinal column mobility, 40 rotation of trunk, 23 technique, 40–41 Quadratus lumborum, 160 lumbar spine, 54–57 lower crossed syndrome, 152 evaluation of function, 57 muscle test, 139 statics evaluation, 43–45 post-isometric relaxation, 269 trunk rotation restriction, 315 trigger points, 161, 303, 307, 315, 353, 359 429

Manipulative Therapy technique, 41–43, 57 lower crossed syndrome, 151 Respiration, 155 pelvis, 41–43 muscle test, 135 diaphragm/abdominal wall contraction sacrum, 50 post-isometric relaxation, 269–270 coordination, 160–161 structural diagnosis, 39–40 effect on locomotor system, 30–32 thoracic spine, 59–60 self-treatment, 270 active exhalation, 31–32 Radioulnar joint, 126, 127 trigger points, 303, 311, 321 motor pattern (stereotype) manipulation techniques, 191 disturbance, 31 Reciprocal inhibition, 6, 95, 172, 186, patellar pain, 321 examination, 150–151 vertebrovisceral inter-relationships, retraining, 293–294 246 neuromuscular mobilization adductor pollicis, 255 352–353 techniques, 184–186 basic principles, 246–247 Rectus femoris postural function, 150, 151 biceps brachii, 257 reaction chains of dysfunction, 156 craniocervical junction short L4 radicular syndrome, 343 rib excursion examination, 115 muscle test, 138 tonus of lateral abdominal wall, 151 extensors, 251 post-isometric relaxation, 274–275 diaphragm, 264 Respiratory synkinesis, 32, 184 epicondylar pain self-treatment, 274 cervical spine traction techniques, 218 trigger points, 307, 359 combining techniques, 185 lateral, 325 craniocervical junction mobilization medial, 325 L4 pseudoradicular syndrome, 320 techniques, 222, 223 erector spinae unilateral chains of dysfunction, 161 eye movements, 185 thoracic region, 266 Referred pain, 35, 320–325 masticatory muscle effects, 201 thoracolumbar region, 266 coccyx, 107 post-isometric relaxation, 247 trunk rotation restriction, 315 L4 pseudoradicular syndrome, 320 masticatory muscles, 248–249 finger and hand extensors, 256 lower extremities, 320 quadratus lumborum, 269 foot extensors, 277 patient history, 89 sternocleidomastoid, 254–255 frozen shoulder, 323 radicular pain, 37 post-isometric traction, lumbar spine, gluteus medius, 273 rectus abdominis trigger points, 269 203 headache with cervical component, shoulder, 322–324 surgical scars, 228 Restriction, 4, 13, 357, 377, 378 331 thoracic region, 317 atlantoaxial joint, 117 hip abductors, 273 upper extremities, 320 atlantoaxial segment, 358 hip adductors, 274 Reflex massage, 173 atlanto-occipital joint, 117 iliopsoas, 271 Reflex responses, 4, 5–6, 20 atlanto-occipital segment, 358 indications, 172 co-activation patterns, 378 cervical spine, movement studies, 77, infraspinatus, 260 effect of manipulation, 17 78–79 ischiocrural muscles, 274 locomotor system functional cervicothoracic junction, 327, 359 levator scapulae, 253 chain reactions, 20 low-back pain due to muscle/ligament pathology, 7 childhood spinal column dysfunction, newborn infants, 22 25–26 overload, 303 restriction pathogenesis, 15–16, 19 compensation, 26 pectoralis major, 261, 262 vertebrogenic disturbances, 34–35 craniocervical junction, 327 pectoralis minor, 263 Reflex therapy, 6–7 tonsillitis, 349 pelvic ligament pain, 108, 272 advantages, 7 fibular head, 129, 198, 311, 320–321, piriformis, 275 applications, 7–8 360 quadratus lumborum, 269, 315 fundamental principles, 4–6 foot, 295, 321 radicular syndromes indications, 6, 7, 172–173 joint mobility evaluation (Stoddard’s recording system), 168, 169 lower extremity, 345 soft tissue manipulation joint play effects, 14 upper extremity, 347 comparison, 174–175 limb joints, 124 rectus abdominis, 270 locomotor system tension rectus femoris, 275 methods, 6 muscular, 15–16 scalenes, 254 treatment selection, 6–7 relation to pain, 35 serratus anterior, 264 Relational diagnosis, 40 lumbar spine, 306–309 soleus, 277 Relaxation, 35 manipulative treatment indications, subscapularis, 260 Release phenomenon, 183, 184 168 supraspinatus, 259 soft-tissue manipulation techniques, mechanism, 16–17 technique, 184 motor pattern (stereotype) tensor fasciae latae, 273 230 disturbances, 27 toe deep short flexors, 279 Remedial exercise normalization of mobility, 12 toe extensors, 277 passive mobility testing, 100 trapezius effectiveness, 175 pathogenesis, 17–19 horizontal part, 268, 269 indications, 175–176 overload/abnormal load, 17–19 upper part, 253 reflex processes, 15–16, 19 triceps brachii, 258, 324 preventive, 176 trauma, 19 Record keeping, 186 limitations, 175–176 plamarflexion, 189 Rectus abdominis, 160 locomotor system dysfunction radial adduction, 189 défense musculaire, 353 facilitation, 281–282 prevention, 370 forward-drawn posture, 160, 311, motor pattern (stereotype) 321 disturbance, 27 patient motivation, 175–176 setting goals, 175 work-related back pain treatment, 372 see also Facilitation (training weak muscles) Renal colic, 352 430

Index ribs, 327 Rhythmic pressure, first rib treatment, head, arm lifting retraining, 292 first rib, 116, 126 218 hip, walking pattern re-training, 287 lumbar spine sacroiliac joint, 103–105, 107, Rhythmic repetitive muscle contraction 306–309 technique, 184 hypermobility examination, 142 mobilization techniques, 203–205 sequelae, 26–27 Rhythmic repetitive trunk rotation, 204 radiographic evaluation, 57 spinal column Rhythmic traction, lumbar spine, motor stereotypes examination head and neck, 148 mobility testing, 101 202–203 trunk, 148 treatment methods, 6 Ribs spinal column, 40, 140 thoracic outlet syndrome, 327 locking techniques, 201 thoracic region pain, 317 anomalies, 59 reaction to obliquity, 45, 47, 48 trunk rotation attachment point pain, 263 thoracic spine, 61 low-back pain, 315–316 dysfunction, 359 examination, 114–115 segments T10/T11–L1/L2, 359 hypermobility, 142 thoracic region pain, 317 shoulder pain, 322 mobilization techniques, 211–212 ulnar abduction, 189 thoracic spine pain, 317 trunk wrist dorsiflexion, 189 examination, 115–116 chain reaction pattern, 161, 269 Retesting, 153, 162, 186 overtake phenomenon, 115 developmental kinesiology, 23 Retraining, movement pattern palpation of resistance during restriction, 306–307, 359 low-back pain315–316 correction, 285–296 retroflexion, 115 thoracic region pain317 anteflexion, 289–290 respiratory excursion, 115 sitting movement pattern re-training, breathing, 293–294 screening examination, 115 carrying loads, 292 first rib, 116 287 feet, 294–295 manipulation, 217–218 Rotator cuff disturbance, 124 hands, 296 restriction, 126, 253 lifting arms, 290–292 self-mobilization, 243 shoulder pain, 323 shoulder blade, 296 functional anatomy, 59 Round-shouldered sitting posture, 159 sitting, 287–289 manipulation techniques, 214–217 standing high-velocity, low-amplitude thrust, S on one leg, 286 215–217 S1 pseudoradicular syndrome, 320 on two legs, 285–286 mobilization, 214–215 S1 radicular syndrome, 342 walking, 286–287 mobility, 349 hip rotation, 287 movement, 59 symptoms, 343 leg flexion/extension, 287 self-mobilization on inhalation (upper S-reflex, 160 pelvic obliquity, 286 Saccrococcygeal syndesmosis pressure, Retroflexion, 58, 59 ribs), 241–242 atlantoaxial joint, 66, 67 slipping, 317–318 209 atlanto-occipital joint, 65–66, 67, 123 Sachse, J, 3 self-mobilization, 244 manipulaion, 217 Sacroiliac joint, 16, 50–51 cervical spine, 65, 67–70, 79 thoracic outlet syndrome, 327 examination, 117 X-ray anatomy, 60 functional motion, 50 mobility between occiput and atlas, Rocking, forward-drawn posture, 312 joint play, 50–51 Romberg’s test, 131, 334–335 mobilization techniques, 206–208 123 Rosina test, 104–105, 311 with rotation, 118 Rotation in horizontal plane, 206 craniocervical junction mobilization, atlas, 75 lower end, 207–208 axis, 78, 79 outflare/inflare treatment, 208 223 cervical spine, 65, 66–67, 75, 77, in sagittal plane, 206 hip, 133–134 self-mobilization, 238 lumbar spine 78–79 upper part, 207 in anteflexion, 117–118 restriction, 103–105, 306–309 hypermobility examination, atlantoaxial joint, 66 case study, 308–309 140–141 atlanto-occipital joint, 66, 123 clinical signs, 306, 307 axis in neutral position, 75, 77 ligament pain, 107 individual motion segments, during side-bending, 67 overtake phenomenon testing, 103 110–111 examination, 117–118 pain points, 105 high-velocity, low-amplitude thrust, Rosina test technique, 104–105 radiography, 58 spine sign test, 103 screening examination, 108 222 springing tests, 104 self-mobilization, 238–239 hypermobility, 143 symptoms, 306 mobility testing, 101 individual motion segments, therapy, 306 ribs examination, 115 springing movements, 184 spinal column, 140 120–121 symptoms of dysfunction, 306, 360 thoracic spine isolated of atlas, 75 Sacroiliac ligament pain, 107, 108 examination, 113 with maximum forward nutation of post-isometric relaxation, 272 hypermobility, 142–143 Sacrum, 50, 302 self-mobilization, 240–241 head, 118 mobility, 50 Rheumatoid arthritis mobility between occiput and atlas, Scalenes, 160 differential diagnosis, 165 sternoclavicular joint pain, 324 123–124 wrist pain, 325 mobilization techniques, 219 Rhomboids, 30 in retroflexion, 118 cervicothoracic junction mobilization technique, 220 self-mobilization, 243 foot, 129 431

Manipulative Therapy breathing retraining, 293 soleus (Achilles tendon pain), 277 joint play, 124, 126 clavicular breathing, 31 supraspinatus, 259 manipulation techniques, 192–193 obstructive respiratory disease, 350 toe extensors, 277 pain, 322–324 post-isometric relaxation, 253–254 toe short flexors (painful calcaneal acromioclavicular joint, 324 spur), 279 cervicothoracic junction self-treatment, 254 trapezius, 253, 268–269 dysfunction, 359 rhythmic repetitive contraction, 184 skin sensitivity restoration, 229 due to muscle dysfunction, 322 syndrome of superior thoracic stretching, 237–238 motor pattern disturbances, 28 Sell, K, 3 provoked by arm abduction, 323 aperture, 161 Sella turcica, 64, 72 referred from spinal column, thoracic outlet syndrome, 327, 359 Serratus anterior 322–323 trigger points, 327, 359 arm raising, 30 sternoclavicular joint, 324 facilitation, 280–281 triceps brachii painful long head, angina, 350 muscle test, 136 323–324 radicular syndromes, 346, 347 post-isometric relaxation, 263–264 see also Frozen shoulder Scalp self-treatment, 264 ‘painful arc’, 124, 193 self-mobilization, 237 retraining, 296 post-traumatic states, 357 shifting (stretching) technique, trigger points, 359 self-applied traction, 245–246 angina, 350 Shoulder blade 233–234 weight carrying, 30 manipulation techniques, 194–195 Scapular instability, 325 Shaking distraction retraining movement patterns, 296 Scars see Active scars acromioclavicular joint, 194 Shoulder girdle fixators, 160 Scheuermann’s disease see Juvenile sternoclavicular joint, 194 stratification syndrome, 152 tarsal transverse (Chopart’s) joint, syndrome of superior thoracic osteochondrosis 196 aperture, 161 Schildt-Rutlow, K, 3 tarsometatarsal (Lisfranc’s) joints, 196 thoracic outlet syndrome, 327 School headache, 24, 332 Shaking mobilization upper crossed syndrome, 152 Sciatica, 342, 363 carpometacarpal joint of thumb, 189, Side-bending, 54, 58, 59 Scoliosis 325 cervical spine, 65, 67 elbow, 192 atlantoaxial joint, 79, 119 children, 25 epicondylar pain, 325 atlanto-occipital joint, 66, 67, 79, indications for manipulative extremity joints, 184 123 first rib, 218 axis rotation, 67 treatment, 168 hip joint, 199, 200, 304 C3-C7, 119 pelvic deviation, 102 knee joint, 199 examination, 117, 118–120 radiographic evaluation, 40, 57 self-mobilization, 246 mobilization techniques, 219 spinal column reaction to obliquity, metacarpophalangeal joints, 188 movement studies, 78, 79 wrist joints, 191 self-mobilization, 243 45, 47, 48 Shaking, springing traction, lumbar cervicothoracic junction mobilization, thoracic spine, 61 spine, 202 219–220 Segment facilitation, 35 Shifting, lumbar spine dorsal/ventral, craniocervical junction mobilization, Self-treatment, 179, 378, 379 radiographic evaluation, 57, 58 222, 223 mobilization, 236–246 Shifting (stretching) deep fascia, head, 67 231–235 lumbar spine atlanto-occipital joint, 255 dorsal, shifting cranially, 232 hypermobility examination, 142 cervical spine, 243–244 extremities, 234–235 individual motion segments, cervicothoracic junction, 242–243 lumbar, shifting caudally, 231–232 111–112 extremity joints, 245–246 neck, 234–235 radiography, 58 lumbar spine, 238–240 scalp, 233–234 screening examination, 108 ribs, 241–242, 243 thorax, rotational shifting, 233 self-mobilization, 239 sacroiliac joints, 238 trunk, 232 mobility testing, 101 thoracic spine, 240–242 Shoe insert respiratory synkinesis, 32, 184, 185 post-isometric relaxation, 246 splay foot, 295 spinal column, 140 adductor pollicis, 255 see also Heel insert locking techniques, 201 biceps femoris, 276–277 Shoes see Footwear thoracic spine craniocervical junction short Shoulder examination, 114 abduction, 126 hypermobility examination, extensors, 251 impairment, 124 142–143 digastricus, 249–250 capsular pattern, 125, 192 mobilization techniques, 210–211 erector spinae, 267 examination, 124–126 trunk rotation, 58 external pterygoid, 250 active movement, 124–125 visual synkinesis, 185 finger and hand extensors, 256–257 external rotation, 125 Side-lying mobilization technique, foot extensors, 277 hypermobility, 143–144 lumbar spine, 203–204 gluteus maximus, 272 passive movement, 125 ‘Signe du talon’, L5 radicular syndrome, infraspinatus, 260 impingement syndrome, 124, 193 343 levator ani, 272 internal rotation, 126 Sitting levator scapulae, 253 masticatory muscles, 249 mylohyoid, 250 pectoralis major, 262 pelvic region ligament pain, 272 radial epicondylopathy, 256 rectus abdominis, 270 rectus femoris, 274 scalenes, 254 serratus anterior, 264 432

Index lifestyle factors, 364 anteflexion/retroflexion, 65 Springing tests locomotor system dysfunction Spinal canal narrowing, 56, 178, lumbar spine, 109–110 prevention, 365 339–340 sacroiliac joint restriction, 104 case studies, 340, 341 thoracic spine, 112–113 posture, 33 cervical spine, 82 Standing motor stereotypes examination, fitness for work assessment, 372 fitness for work assessment, 372 145 radicular intermittent claudication, motor pattern disturbance, 29 thoracic region pain, 317 343 posture, locomotor system work-related back pain assessment, radicular syndromes, 341 dysfunction prevention, 365 372 Spinal column, 39–85 re-training balance maintenance, 19, 20 on one leg, 286 re-training, 287–288 deep stabilizers see Deep stabilizers of on two legs, 285–286 erect with trunk rotation, 287–288 spinal column spinal column radiology (functional lateral movement of thorax, dysfunction diagnosis), 40, 41 288–289 in childhood, 24–26 Static loading, spinal column radiology, pelvic tilt correction, 289 key regions (transition zones), 40 20–21 Static overload, 33, 35, 177 spinal column radiology (functional functions, 19–20 cervical spine pain, 318 diagnosis), 40, 41 hypermobility examination, 140–143 restriction pathogenesis, 19 instability, surgical treatment, 178 Statics, 12, 155, 377 Skin manipulation techniques, 201–223 cervical spine, 74 effects of manipulation, 17 cervical spine, 218–223 forward-drawn posture, 74 tactile perception, 226 coccyx, 208–209 functional evaluation, 74, 77 assessment of alteration, 226–227 contact holds, 202 curvatures of spine, 40, 45, 47, 48 normalization, 227 craniocervical junction, 222–223 disturbance fixation, 201, 202 low-back pain due to muscle/ Skin stretching, 171 general principles, 201–202 ligament overload, 303 self-mobilization, 237 locking, 183, 201–202 pelvic distortion, 53 technique, 230 lumbar spine, 202–206 treatment, 176–177 sacroiliac joint, 206–208 lumbar spine X-ray evaluation, 43 Skin-fold rolling test, 171 thoracic spine, 209–214 frontal plane, 45–48 Sleeping position, 319, 366 mobility testing, 101 sagittal plane, 47–48 Slipping rib, 317–318, 349, 359 reflex responses, 20 pelvis influences, 50 respiratory synkinesis, 184–185 reaction chains of dysfunction, 156 case study, 318 cervical/thoracic segment, 32 see also Posture clinical findings, 317–318 screening examination, 20 Steppage gait, L5 radicular syndrome, symptoms, 317 vertebrovisceral inter-relationships, 343 therapy, 318 348 Stepping reflex, 22 Soft tissues, 4, 5, 36 Spine sign test, sacroiliac joint Sternoclavicular joint effects of manipulation, 17 restriction, 103 dysfunction, 126 examination see Palpation Splay foot, 129, 130, 295–296 examination, 126 Soft-tissue fold stretching, 171, 230– Velé’s test, 295 manipulation techniques, 194–195 Spondylolisthesis, 56, 346 shoulder pain, 324 231 compensatory osteophyte formation, springing movements, 184 Soft-tissue manipulation, 230–236 26 Sternocleidomastoid, 160 indications for manipulative clavicular breathing, 31 indications, 171–172 treatment, 168 muscle test, 136 reflex therapy comparison, 174– radiographic evaluation, 57 myotendinosis, 126 175 Spondylosis, indications for post-isometric relaxation, 244, manipulative treatment, 168 254–255 mutual shifting of metacarpal/ Sports, locomotor system dysfunction trigger points, 319, 358, 359 metatarsal bones, 235–236 prevention, 367–368 headache, 330 children, 370 migraine, 332 painful periosteal points, 236 prophylactic manipulative treatment, shoulder pain, 322 stretching 369 unilateral chains of dysfunction, 161 Spray and stretch method, 95, 248 Stiff neck syndrome, 355–356 connective tissue fold, 171, Springing techniques, 183 Still, Andrew Taylor, 2, 11, 12 230–231 acromioclavicular joint, 193–194 Stoddard, A, 3, 11 knee joint, 199 Stoddard’s classification of joint shifting deep fascia, 231–232 lumbar spine traction, 202 mobility, 169 skin, 230 radius and ulnar (lateral gapping), Stomach, vertebrovisceral inter- sustained pressure application, 231 191–192 relationships, 351 Soft-tissue techniques, 2 rhythmic repetitive movements, 184 Straight-leg raising test, 15, 23, 29, 159 epicondylar pain, 325 talocrural joint, 197 coccygeal pain, 304, 320 radicular syndromes tarsometatarsal (Lisfranc’s) joints, 196 coccyx dysfunction, 360 lower extremity, 345 thoracic spine, 213 disk herniation, 310 upper extremity, 347 Soleus, 160 Achilles tendon pain, 277, 321 muscle test, 137 post-isometric relaxation, 277 trigger points, 321, 361 unilateral chains of dysfunction, 161 Space-occupying lesions, radicular syndromes, 341 Spasmodic torticollis, 319 Speaking, motor programs, 155 Spina bifida atlantis, 74 Spinal canal, cervical, changes with 433

Manipulative Therapy ischiocrural muscle spasm, 306 indications, 177 function, 34–35 L5 pseudoradicular syndrome, 320 low-back pain due to muscle/ligament Tension headache, 329 radicular syndromes, 96, 342, 343 Tensor fasciae latae, 134 S1 pseudoradicular syndrome, 320 overload, 303 segment L3/L4 dysfunction, 359 Supraspinatus lower crossed syndrome, 152 segment L4/L5 dysfunction, 360 muscle test, 138 segment L5/S1 dysfunction, 360 dysfunction, 125 nocturnal meralgia paresthetica, 329 Straightening up post-isometric relaxation, 258–259 post-isometric relaxation, 273 motor pattern disturbance, 29–30 Teres major, post-isometric relaxation, respiratory synkinesis, 32 self-treatment, 259 Strain and counterstrain technique, 225 Surgery 260–261 lower extremity radicular syndromes, Thoracic outlet syndrome, 179, 327– active scars see Active scars 345 indications, 178 328, 359 position of relief, 225 Surgical patients case study, 327–328 Stratification syndrome, 152–153 prophylactic manipulative treatment, clinical signs, 327 Stretching, 17, 19 pectoralis minor trigger points, 263 connective tissue fold, 171, 230–231 369 reflex tension in scalenes, 253 self-mobilization, 237–238 remedial exercise, 370 symptoms, 327 shifting deep fascia, 231–232 Swimming, 367 therapy, 327 skin, 171, 230, 237 Switzerland, 4 Thoracic segments, symptoms of Stretching exercises, 237 Syndrome of superior thoracic aperture, cervical region, 237 dysfunction, 359 lateral fascia of trunk, 237 161 Thoracic spine, 21, 58–62 Stroking, 226 active scars, 228, 339 T anomalies, 59 epicondylar pain, 325 examination, 112–115 exteroceptive stimulation, 173 Tactile perception alteration due to surgical scars, anteflexion, 113–114, 142–143 asymmetric tactile sensitivity, 229 227–228 hypermobility, 142–143 facilitation, 279 assessment, 226–227 palpation of mobility, 113 feet, 294 generalized reaction, 227 retroflexion, 113, 142–143 hands local reaction, 226–227 ribs, 115–116 asymmetry, 229 rotation, 114–115, 142 hypersensitivity, 228 development, 225–226, 228 screening examination of active hypertonus/cramping treatment, individual characteristics, 229 muscle tone relationship, 226 movement, 112–113 296 normalization, 227 side-bending, 114, 142–143 headache with cervical component, see also Exteroceptive stimulation springing test, 112–113 functional anatomy, 58–59 331 Tai Chi, 176, 368 functional evaluation, 60–61 mouth hyposensitivity, 228 Talocalcaneal joint see Subtalar joint functional techniques, 224 self-treatment, 229 Talocalcaneonavicular joint, 130 high-velocity, low-amplitude thrust, Structural diagnosis, spinal column manipulation techniques, 196–197 212–214 radiology, 39–40 restriction, 321 intervertebral disk thickness, 58 Styloid process pain, 325 Talocrural joint manipulation techniques, 209–214 Subcutaneous tissue manipulation techniques, 197–198 middle region, 21, 59 restriction, 321 mobility testing, 101 palpation, 94 Tarsal transverse (Chopart’s) joint, 130 mobilization techniques stretching, 171, 230–231 manipulation techniques, 195–196 Tarsometatarsal (Lisfranc’s) joints, 130 anteflexion, 210, 241 self-mobilization, 237 forward-drawn posture, 160 extension, 209–210 Subdeltoid bursa disturbance, 124 manipulation techniques, 195–196 retroflexion, 240–241 Subluxation theory, 11, 40 restriction, 321 rotation, 211–212, 242 Subscapularis, 160 Temporalis, trigger points, 130, 248 self-mobilization, 240–242 Temporomandibular joint side-bending, 210–211 frozen shoulder, 323 examination, 130 traction manipulation, 209, 212 post-isometric relaxation, 260 functional movements, 130 treatment of one restricted syndrome of superior thoracic headache (mandibulocranial segment, 210 aperture, 161 syndrome), 331 pain, 317–318 trigger points, 359 joint play, 130 respiratory synkinesis, 32 manipulation techniques, 201 transitional regions, 58 angina, 350 symptoms of dysfunction, 358 X-ray anatomy, 59–60 shoulder pain, 322 tenderness, 248 Thoracolumbar junction, 21, 45, 47–48, unilateral chains of dysfunction, 161 Tender painful points Subtalar (talocalcaneal) joint, 130 low-back pain due to muscle/ligament 58 manipulation techniques, 196–197 dysfunction, 21 restriction, 321 overload, 303 trunk rotation restriction, 359 Supinator palpation, 96 Thorax lateral epicondylar pain, 324 thoracic region, 317 deep fascia, rotational shifting, 233 trigger points, 256, 358 Tennis elbow, 324 pain, 317–318 unilateral chains of dysfunction, 161 Tension, 173, 226 sitting movement pattern re-training, Supporting collar, 177 locomotor system, disturbance of Supports, 296–298 288–289 carpal tunnel syndrome, 326 Thrombophlebitis, 343, 345 Thumb, carpometacarpal join see 434

Index Carpometacarpal joint of thumb Trapezius erector spinae, 161, 264–265, 303, Tibialis anterior, L5 radicular syndrome, arm raising, 30 307, 315, 330, 332, 353, 359 lower part 343 facilitation, 280 finger extensors, 256–257, 358 Tibiofibular joint, 16, 129 retraining, 296 foot, 295 muscle test joint play, 129 ascending part, 135–136 deep flexors, 321 manipulation techniques, 198 descending part, 139 extensors, 277 Ticklishness, 227 obstructive respiratory disease, 350 soles, 330, 332 abdomen, 229 post-isometric relaxation, 252–253, forearm extensors, 256 Tinel’s sign, 326 267–268 frozen shoulder, 323 Tlustek, H, 3 self-treatment, 253, 268–269 gluteus maximus, 272, 360 Toe extensors trigger points, 115, 319, 322, 352, gluteus medius, 273, 359 forward-drawn posture, 160 358, 359 hand extensors, 256–257, 358 post-isometric relaxation, 277 angina, 350 head and neck muscles, 248–255 stimulation, 29, 159 radicular syndromes, 346, 347 headache with cervical component, Toe flexors unilateral chains of dysfunction, 161 forward-drawn posture, 160 upper crossed syndrome, 152 330, 331 post-isometric relaxation, 277–279 weight carrying, 30 hip abductors, 272–273 hip adductors, 274, 360 self-treatment, 279 Trauma iliacus, 270, 304, 307, 311, 320, 353, S1 radicular syndrome, 343 compensation issues, 373 splay foot, 295 expert assessment, 373–375 360 Toes accident as cause of symptoms, iliopsoas, 270, 315 functional diagnosis, 129 374–375 infraspinatus, 259–260, 322, 359 joint examination, 130 with demonstrable degenerative ischiocrural muscles, 274, 320, 360 standing posture retraining, 286 changes, 374 latent, 96 walking, 286 nature of accident, 373–374 latissimus dorsi, 260–261, 359 Tongue, tactile sensitivity assessment, extremities, post-traumatic states, levator ani, 107, 209, 272, 360 357 228 patient history, 89 coccygeal pain, 304 Tonic reflexes, 20 prophylactic manipulative treatment, levator scapulae, 251–252, 319, 322, Tonsillitis, 349 369 Traction restriction pathogenesis, 19 358 low-back pain due to muscle/ligament carpal tunnel syndrome, 326 Treatment failure, 7, 179 cervical spine, 218 Treatment outcome evaluation, 167 overload, 303 disk herniation, 310 Trendelenburg’s sign, 150, 304 lumbar spine/sacroiliac joint hip joint, 199 Triceps brachii restriction, 306, 307 coxalgia, 304 C7 radicular syndrome, 347 masseter, 130, 248 in direction of femoral neck, 200 lateral epicondylar pain, 324 masticatory muscles, 248–249, 330, indications, 170–171 painful long head, 323–324 knee joint, 199 post-isometric relaxation, 258 331 lumbar spine, 202–203 trigger points, 256, 258, 324 metatarsals, 321 Perl apparatus, 203 unilateral chains of dysfunction, 161 migraine, 332, 333 radicular syndromes Triceps surae, S1 radicular syndrome, mylohyoid, 130, 250 lower extremity, 345 needling, 173, 248, 299 upper extremity, 347 343 palpation, 94–96 self-applied Trigger points, 4, 5, 12, 35, 159, 357, pectoralis major, 261–262, 322, 350, carpal bones, 245 fingers, 245 358, 377, 378 359 shoulder, 245–246 active, 96 pectoralis minor, 263, 322, 327, spinal column, 202 adductor pollicis, 255 talocalcaneonavicular joint, 196 biceps brachii, 256, 257 359 talocrural joint, 198 biceps femoris, 275–277, 311, 321, pelvic floor, 107, 308, 332, 359, 360 thoracic spine, 209, 212 piriformis, 275, 304, 307, 308, 320, extension, 212–213 330 flexion, 213 chronic, 36 343, 360 Training, professional, 2, 3, 379–380 coccygeus, 107, 332 post-isometric relaxation, 172, 246, Training weak muscles see Facilitation Transitional lumbosacral vertebra, 56 low-back pain, 314–315 247, 303 Translational (gliding) techniques, wrist craniocervical junction short psoas major, 161, 270, 307, 315, 352, joint, 189–190 extensors, 250–251, 319, 330, 353, 359 Transverse carpal ligament, stretching, 332, 358 pterygoids, 130, 248, 250 definition, 95 quadratus lumborum, 161, 269, 303, 326 diagnostic importance, 97 Transversus abdominis, 157, 160 diaphragm, 264, 322, 327, 330, 332, 307, 315, 330, 347, 359, 360 353, 359 breathing retraining, 293 clavicular breathing, 350 radial epicondylopathy, 256 deep stabilizers of posture, 23 digastricus, 130, 249–250 reciprocal inhibition, 172 facilitation, 282, 283 mandibulocranial syndrome, 331 rectus abdominis, 269–270, 303, 311, muscle test, 135 electromyography, 96 321 Trapezium, manipulation techniques, 188 rectus femoris, 274–275, 307, 320, 359 scalenes, 253–254, 327, 347, 350, 359 serratus anterior, 263–264, 350, 359 soleus, 277, 361 Achilles tendon pain, 321 435

Manipulative Therapy sternocleidomastoid, 254–255, 319, Upper extremities Visual synkinesis see Eye movement 322, 330, 332, 358, 359 joint treatment, 187–195 Volleyball, 367 subscapularis, 260, 322, 350, 359 post-isometric relaxation, 255–261 supinator, 256, 358 radicular syndromes W supraspinatus, 258–259 clinical signs, 346 sustained pressure application, 231 indications for surgery, 347 Walking temporalis, 130, 248 symptoms, 346–347 fitness for work assessment, 372 tensor fasciae latae, 273 therapy, 347 L5 radicular syndrome, 343 teres major, 260–261 reaction chains of prehension leisure activity, 368 toe dysfunction, 156–157 lifestyle factors, 364 deep short flexors, 277–279 referred pain, 320 motor pattern (stereotype) extensors, 277 disturbance, 29 trapezius, 319, 346, 347, 352 re-training, 286–287 horizontal part, 267–268 V see also Gait lower part, 359 middle part, 115 Valsalva maneuver, 31, 151 Weight carrying see Carrying shoulder pain, 322 Vasomotor headache, 329, 332 Weight-lifter’s posture, 24 upper part, 252–253, 350, 358, 359 Vasomotor reactions, 5 Whiplash injury, 355, 373 treatment methods, 6 Velé’s test, 129 triceps brachii, 256, 258, 324 Vertebral artery, 21, 64, 72 post-traumatic cervicocranial ulnar epicondylopathy, 258 syndrome, 355 wry neck, acute, 319 damage, 169 Trophicity, compensation of restriction, equilibrium disturbance, 132, stiff/frozen neck syndrome, 355–356 Wolff, HD, 3 26 335–336 Work table height, 365, 372 Trunk functional anatomy, 65 Wrist Vertebral artery insufficiency, therapy, fascia dorsiflexion restriction, 189 shifting on both sides, 232 336–337 examination, 127 stretching exercises, 237 Vertebral artery syndrome, 64, 170 functional movements, 127 Vertebral fracture, T12/L1, manipulation techniques, 189–191 muscles pain, 325 facilitation, 279–285 osteoporosis, 315 Wrist extensors post-isometric relaxation, 261–270 Vertebrogenic disturbances, 7, 10, 12 lateral epicondylar pain, 324 unilateral chains of dysfunction, 161 reaction chains of statics dysfunction, clinical aspects, 301–361 Writers’ cramp, 324 156 conceptual issues, 37–38 Wry neck, acute, 12, 319–320 patient history, 88–89 antalgic position, 15 Trunk rotation, 54, 58, 59 psychological factors, 21 case report of management error, 170 chain reaction pattern, 161, 269 reflex processes, 34–35 children, 24, 26 infants, 23 Vertebrovisceral inter-relationships, clinical signs, 319 respiratory synkinesis, 32 differential diagnosis, 319–320 restriction, 306–307, 359 348–354 sleeping position, 366 low-back pain, 315–316 differential diagnosis, 348 symptoms, 319 thoracic region pain, 317 duodenum, 351 therapy, 319 sitting movement pattern re-training, gall bladder, 352 traction indications, 170 287 heart, 350–351 kidneys, 352 X Two-scales test, 131, 333 liver, 352 lungs, 349–350 X-rays see Radiography, spinal column principles, 348–349 U psoas major, 352–353 Y rectus abdominis, 352–353 Ulcer patients, 351 stomach, 351 Yoga, 32, 176, 368, 370 case history, 351–352 thoracic region pain, 317 Ulnar abduction restriction, 189 Vertigo, 20, 333–334, 335, 363 Z Ulnar epicondylopathy, post-isometric case study, 337–338 relaxation, 258 examination, 131–132 Zygopophysial joint arthrosis, cervical Ulnar nerve weakness, 328 patient history, 89, 90 spine, 85 Uncinate processes, 65, 72, 85 see also Equilibrium disturbance Uncovertebral joints (neoarthroses), Viscera, 4, 5 cervical spine, 65, 85 disease, 348–349 United States, 4 see also Vertebrovisceral inter- Unterberger’s stepping test, 131 relationships Upper crossed syndrome, 152 referred pain to thoracic region, 317 436