Geriatric Rehabilitation Manual - 2nd Edition

552 INDEX mucociliary clearance 297, 299 myocardial pump dysfunction 276, 277 nevi 242 mucosal immune system 46 myoclonus 206 night vision loss 365 Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory myofascial release (MFR) 117,479 Nikolsky's sign 351 myofibroblasts 425 nitric oxide 49 (MFl-20) 432,433,434 myokimia 110 nitrogen balance, immobility effects 396 multiple sclerosis 191-198 myopathy nitroglycerin 261,263 nits 349 classification 191-192 corticosteroid 110 noise, hearing effects 370 clinical features 192,193-195,195 hypokalemic 110 non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs diagnosis 192 statin-induced 68, 110,392 examination of patient 195-196,197 myosin heavy chain (MyHC) 11 (NSAIDs) 63-64 fatigue 192 myositis ossificans 179 gout 132 interventions 197-198 myostatin 15 osteoarthritis 130 onset 191 rheumatoid arthritis 131 primary progressive 191-192 N systemic lupus erythematosus 131 progressive-relapsing 192 Norton scale 327,330 relapsing-remitting 191,192 Nagi's model of Impairments/Functional nosocomial infections 61,391 secondary progressive 191,192 Limitations/Disability 24 Novacor ventricular assist device 294 tremor 436 nuclear medicine 81, 82-83 muscle(s) nails 436 advantages/disadvantages 87,89 contractions 107 fungal infections 347 endurance 10,394 psoriasis 350 numbness 219-225 fat infiltration 11 Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) 444 fibers 10 natural killer (NK) cells 59 nursing hand 436 Naughton-Balke treadmill protocol 253 heat generation 55 neck administrative role 527 hypertrophy 108 advocacy role 527 immobility effects 394 imaging 88 case management 526-527 inflammation 11 mobility 428 counseling 527 mass 10 pain 88,159 education 527 metabolism 55 stiffness 428 four steps 526 postpolio syndrome 119-120 needs at the end-of-life screening tool gerontological!geriatric 525-527 postural 103, 104 health education 527 power 10 (NEST) 510 home healthcare 539 protein metabolism 11 negligence 487 public policy development 527 respiratory 153 research 527 stretch reflexes 214,222 neoplasms 215,229-247 nursing homes 540 stretch weakness 111-112 neoprene sleeve 466 nutrition tension 107 nephrogenic systemic fibrosis 83 artificial 383 weakness 10, 107-112 nephropathy interventions 61 see also skeletal muscle meals on wheels 540 muscle strength 9-10,107 diabetic 313 requirements 43-44 assessment 107-108 iodinated contrast-induced 83 seealso diet immobility effects 394 nerve conduction velocity 6 nutritional deficit 55,61 see also strength training nerve sheath tumor imaging 92 assessment 70 musculoskeletal pump 37, 38 nerves, hand 436 seealso malnutrition musculoskeletal system 9-11 nutritional status immobility effects 394-395 nervous system changes 21-23 assessment 70 myasthenia gravis 110 neuroarthropathy 333-334 brain tumors 231 Mycobacterium tuberculosis 303-304 neurofacilitation 183, 188 exercise 110 myelopathy 159 neuroleptic drugs, extrapyramidal nystagmus 403 cervical spine 222 myocardial contractility 32, 34 dysfunction 211 o myocardial infarction (MI) 259,261-263 neurological disorders clinical aspects 261-262 obesity 439-440 complications 262-263 drug therapy 6~ occupational disease diagnostic tests 262 immobility effects 396 exercise in prevention 34 neurological trauma 175-180 COPD 298 heart failure 276 neuromuscular dysfunction, contractures pulmonary fibrosis 300, 301 PTCA risk 288 occupational therapy silent 312,520 116 assessment 529 unstable angina 260 neuromuscular electrical stimulation 183 geriatric 529-531 myocardial ischemia 32-33,260-261 neuromuscular facilitation, Parkinson's intervention 529,531 heart failure 276 ointments 345 myocardial perfusion, transmyocardial disease 201 Old Age and Survivors Insurance (OASI) neuromuscular function 9-11 revascularization 293 neuromuscular re-education, urinary 507 incontinence 390 neuromuscular techniques, contractures 117 neuropathic tremor 209 neuropathic ulcers 324, 326 treatment 331 neuroplasticity 28 theories 25,26,27

INDEX 553 Older Americans Act (OAA) 508 fractures 168,415 exercise programs 453-454 older workers 489 hormone replacement therapy 400 fractures 418 oligodendrogliomas 230 therapeutic interventions 417-418 history of patient 443-444 Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (1987) impairment 444 hormone replacement therapy 400 knee 449-450 497 multiple sclerosis 192 lumbar (1..5) radiculopathy 223 onychomycosis 347 physical examination 122 massage 450-451 operative reduction and internal fixation posture effects 99-100 myocardial infarction 263 prevention 124-125,400 neck 88 (ORIF) 136-137 spine 450 orthoses 449-450 intertrochanteric fractures 169 surgical management 125-126, 127 palliative care 510 ophthalmic symptoms, multiple sclerosis thoracic spine disorders 163 peripheral neuropathies 216-217 treatment 168 physical signs 444 192,194 vertebral compression fractures 418 shoulder 135,160 ophthalmoscope, confocal laser scanning vitamin 0 deficiency 110 spiritual 497 see also vertebral compression fractures thermal agents 452-453 360-361 osteotomy, angulation 130 with hemiplegia 138--140 opioid analgesics 63, 64 otoconia 404 see also neck, pain overflow incontinence 389 palliative care 504,510 vertebral compression fractures 124 overstretching 117 emotions 511 optical coherence tomography «(x:T) overweight 439-440 pain management 510 oxygen rehabilitation role 510-511 365 aquatic therapy 482 pallidotomy 202-203 optimism 375 demand 276 Pancoast's syndrome 222 oral bacteria, aspiration 60 exercise 50 pancreas 45 oral cavity 44--45 maximal consumption 33, 40, 50, 51 papillary muscle 277 oral glucose tolerance test 308 supplemental 300, 302 parasympathetic nervous system 50 oral health 44 transport 47 paresis, stroke 183 oral supplements 46 parkinsonism 199 orchidectomy 247 p Parkinson's disease 65-66,199,200-201, orlistat 440 orthopedic trauma 167-171 Pwave 266 201-203 orthoses 465-467 atrioventricular block 272 diagnosis 199 premature atrial contractions 268 evaluation 200-201 breast surgery 235 imaging 199 contractures 117 pacemaker cells 265 interventions 199,201-202 foot 465 pacemakers 281-283 signs/symptoms 199 meralgia paresthetica 224 surgical treatment 202-203 multiple sclerosis 198 complications 282-283 tremor 199,207-208,436 pain control 449-450 dysfunction 283 paronychia, candidal 347 peripheral neuropathies 216 function 282 paroxetine 64, 65 postpolio syndrome 120 heart failure 277 paroxysmal choreoathetosis 210 prostate cancer 247 indications 281 patellar reflex loss 224 robotic gait 462 permanent 282, 283 paternalism 492 sciatic neuropathy 224 temporary 282, 283 pathogens 59 spinal 450 universal reference system 282-283 patient care, direct 525-526 spinal cord injury 179 pacing mode 283 patient education vertebral compression fractures Paget's disease of bone 165-166 nursing role 527 pain osteoporosis 124 450 abdominal 76 peripheral neuropathy 216 see also footwear; shoes acute chest 76 prosthetic rehabilitation 317 orthostatic tremor 209 angina 261,263 social services 538 osteoarthritis 129-130 aquatic therapy 482 systemic lupus erythematosus 131-132 exercise 130,454 arterial insufficiency 325 Patient Self-Determination Act (1990) 489 hand grip strength 436 assessment tools 444-446 patient-provider relationship 497-498 knee 450 assistive devices 449-450 Pediculus humanus (pediculosis) 349 pain control 449 back 88 pegaptanib sodium 365 stiffness 426 bone 165-166 pelvic exercises 203 therapeutic interventions 130 conservative interventions 449-454 pelvic floor muscles 387 osteoblasts 14 control 449-454 pelvic girdle stiffness 428 osteoclasts 14,416 cryotherapy 453 pelvic mobility 427 osteogenic cells 416 diabetic neuropathy 225 pemphigus vulgaris 352 osteoid 14 drug treatment 63--64 peptic ulcer disease 45 osteomalacia 14,164-165 electrical stimulation 451-452 perceptual-motor abilities 435 femoral neck fractures 169 emotional 497 percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty 279 osteomyelitis evaluation 443-446 decubitus ulcers 395 imaging 92 lumbosacral spine 164 osteoporosis 121-127 exercise 124 femoral neck fractures 169

554 INDEX percutaneous transluminal coronary professionalism 491 stretch weakness 111,112 angioplasty (PTCA) 288 qualifications 533-534 walking 419 referrals 534 potassium deficiency 110 pergolide 202 tests 534 powders 346 perineum, sensation loss 388 training 533-534 power of attorney, durable 489, 495 peripheral blood vessels 50 physiological tremor 208 prednisolone 64 peripheral nervous system, traumatic piezoelectric effect 479 prednisone 298, 299 pioglitazone 309 Preferred Practice Patterns, multiple damage 179 Pityrosporum folliculitis 347 peripheral neuropathies 70 placement of patients 540 sclerosis 192 platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) pregabalin 217 causes 215 pregait exercises 461 diabetes mellitus 215, 312 417 premature atrial contractions 268 differential diagnosis 214-215 pleura, abnormalities 153 premature ventricular contractions 270 examination 213-214 pleural effusion 153 presbycusis 370 foot 326 presbyopia 358-359,375 foot-drop 222-224 breast cancer metastases 235 pressure blisters 351 functional ramifications 215 pleurisy 153 pressure relief, spinal cord injuries 179 generalized 213-217 pleuritis 153 pressure ulcers 320, 324, 326-327 hand numbness 219-222 plexopathy 224 localized 219-225 pneumoconiosis 300, 301 immobility effects 395-396 neuropathic ulcers 326 pneumonia 302-303 risk assessment 327, 328-330 regional 219-225 Prinzmetal's angina 260 signs/symptoms 213 afebrile 520 privacy issues 496 thigh numbness/weakness 224-225 aspiration 381, 383 professional responsibilities 497 treatment 215-217 clinical manifestations 303 professionalism 491 peripheral vascular disease 60 interventions 303 progressive decline model 6-7 diabetes 312,316 pneumococcal 60,61 progressive distal polyneuropathy 333 gangrene 325 prevention 303 progressive resistance exercise (PRE) 168 ulceration 325 pneumonitis, hypersensitivity 300 proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation peripheral vascular resistance 32 poison ivy 349 permethrin 348 polio eradication 120 (PNF) 117, 183 peroneal neuropathy, common/deep 223 political decisions 502, 505 personal care attendants 516 politics, partisan 501 prostacyclins 302 personality of client 538-539 polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement prostaglandin growth factors 331 pessimism 375 prostaglandins ~ pethidine see meperidine 126,127,142 prostate cancer 245-247 Phalen's sign 219-220 polymyalgia rheumatica 132-133,160, phantom limb sensation 316,317 metastases 246, 247 pharmacology 63-68 426 prostatectomy, radical 247 phenobarbital 351 polyneuropathy, progressive distal 333 prostate-specific antigen (PSA) 245-246 phenytoin 351 polypharmacy 391, 392 prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) 246 peripheral neuropathies 217 population, aging 503 prostheses 469-474 phosphate 14 position changes, immobility 395 deficiency 110 positron emission tomography (PET) 81, amputation 316,317 metabolism 164-165 definitive 473 photodynamic therapy 365 83 design 473 photosensitivity,patient education 131,132 Parkinson's disease 199 donning/doffing 471 Phthirus pubis 349 stroke 182 feet 317,474 physical activity postpolio syndrome 119-120 knee 474 after myocardial infarction 262, 263 post-traumatic tremor 209 patient evaluation 469,470-471, obesity 440 postural control 409 progression 254-255 postural response 471-472 physical changes, key 188-189 automatic 409,410 preparatory 473 physical therapy 533-536 Parkinson's disease 202 prescription 472,473-474 aquatic 481-482 postural tremor 207-208 sockets 473 data analysis 535 posture 99-104 suspensions 474 dementia patients 187-189 appendicular skeleton changes 101, protein, dietary 43 direct access 489,534 pruritus 349 goal setting 535-536 102, 103, 104 pseudogout 132 goals 533 assessment 99 psoriasis treatment 350-351 immobile elderly patients 397 axial skeleton changes 99-101 psychoneuroimmunology 478-479 interventions 535-536 clinical interventions 103, 104 psychosis 65 measures 534 correction exercises 156 psychosocial factors multiple sclerosis 196 during swallow 383 brain tumors 231 osteoporosis 124 flexed 112 thermoregulation 54-55 patient assessment 534-535 forward-flexed 419 thoracic assessment 155 maintenance 410 psychotropic medications 64-65 peripheral neuropathy 215 extrapyramidal dysfunction 211 soft tissue changes 101 public policy development 527 stiffness 427-428 puborectalis muscle 387

INDEX 555 pulmonary capillary bed 38 range of motion (ROM) 18 rheumatic heart disease 278 pulmonary diseases 297-304 bursitis 133 atrial fibrillation 268 pulmonary edema 60 cervical spine 159-160 pulmonary embolism 276,302 exercises 138 rheumatoid arthritis 130-131 pulmonary fibrosis 297, 300-301 heterotopic ossificans 179 cervical spine myelopathy 160 pulmonary function tests 298-299 immobility effects 394 hand grip strength 436 pulmonary hypertension 301-302 median sternotomy 290 lung involvement 154 pulmonary infections 298,302-304 palliative care 510-511 pain control 449 pulmonary system 41-45 Parkinson's disease 199,201 stiffness 426 passive 115 treatments 131 age-related changes 41-45 posture maintenance 410 clinical measurements 40 prostheses 471 rheumatoid factor 130 disease 41, 45 restoration 167-168 Rhus dermatitis 349 fitness 37,41 rotator cuff tear 136 ribs 151 physiology 42, 43, 44 shoulder rehabilitation 300, 301 loss 135 mechanics 151 structure 41-42 post-stroke 183 mobility 428 pulse pressure (PP) 49,50 spinal cord injury 178 stiffness 428 pulse rate, myocardial infarction 261-262 stretch weakness 112 rifampin 304 pulse wave velocity 49 thoracic 156 right heart catheterization (RHT) 287, pulsed electromagnetic fields 330,331 thoracic assessment 155 pupillary aperture size 362 total knee arthroplasty 148 288 purpura, pigmented 352 risedronate, fracture healing 418 rate of perceived exertion (RPE) 40, 57 robotic gait orthoses 462 Q exercise intensity 253-254 robotic training 183 rocker bottom foot 326, 334 Qwaves 262 270 rate pressure product 260-261 rods (eye) 437 QRScomplex 265, 266 reaching 436 Romberg test 411 Romberg's sign 214 atrioventricular block 272 purposeful 437 rosiglitazone 309 junctional rhythm 269 reading ability 374 rotator cuff premature ventricular contractions reading prescription 358-359 quadriceps rupture, imaging 91 recovery degeneration 135--136 quadriceps strength, isokinetic 108 tears 136 quality of life diminished homeostatic reserves 520 dementia 187-188 Top/Down model 24,25 s mobility 391 red-green defects 362 multiple sclerosis 195 refeeding 46 sacral plexus damage 179 post-stroke 183 Reiter's syndrome 160 saline-soaked gauze 330 quinidine 34 relaxation exercise,Parkinson's disease 201 sarcopenia 11,107 renal disorders, phosphate metabolism 165 scabies 348 R renal failure, chronic 392 sciatic neuropathy 223-224 renal function, laboratory studies 71 scleroderma 154 racial factors repaglinide 309 scoliosis 154 diabetes mellitus 307 repetition maximum (RM) tests 108 diversity issues 539 research, nursing 527 breast surgery 234-235 residual volume (RV) 38 seborrheic dermatitis 350 radial nerve compression 221 respiratory effort, exercise progression 254 seizures, drug therapy 66 radiation respiratory function 38, 39, 40 selective estrogen receptor modulators respiratory infections 298, 302-304 intracoronary 289 respiratory muscles 153 (SERMs) ionizing 83,86,241 training 395 fracture healing 418 radiation enteritis 45-46 respiratory system, immobility effects 395 osteoporosis prevention 400 radiation therapy resting tremor 207, 209 vertebral compression fractures 125 brain tumors 230 restless leg syndrome 207 selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors colon cancer 239 restraint use 497 gastric cancer 239 retina 437 (SSRIs) 65 muscle effects 111 changes 360, 361 menopause management 400 prostate cancer 247 detachment 365 selegiline 202 skin cancers 243 tears 365 self-eare radiculopathy 159,222-224 retinal disease 361-362 amputation 317 radionuclide scans 262 retinal nerve fiber layer 365 enhancement 187 radius, fractures of distal 168-169 retinal pigment epithelial cells 362 self-determination in dementia patients 189 Rancho Los Amigos Levels of Cognitive retinopathy, diabetic 313 semicircular canals 369 retroperitoneal neuropathy 224 semilunar valves 278 Function 176-178 rhabdomyolysis, statin-induced 68, 110 Semont maneuver 404 rheumatic conditions 129-134 senile chorea 210 iatrogenic events 392 senile dementia 185--190 patient empowerment 186-187 self-eare enhancement 187-190 senile tremor 209

556 INDEX Seniors' Walking Exercise Program massage 451 spinal cord compression 246 protocol 253 rubor assessment 338 spinal cord injury 175,178-179 structure 345 sensation detection 472 temperature 6, 7, 55, 338 management 179 sensory changes 21-22 TENS use 452 stress fractures 416 thermal agents 453 spinal orthoses 450,466-467 balance effects 410,412 see also wounds spine multiple sclerosis 192,194 skin cancers 241-243 deformity 419,420 peripheral neuropathies 213-214 treatment 243 fractures 415 sensory deprivation 27-28 skin disorders 345-352 imaging 88,89,90 sensory input loss 27 bacterial infections 347-348 osteoporosis 450 Sensory Organization Testing (SOT) 411 blister treatment 351-352 stenosis 164,214-215 sensory tests, amputation 316 dermatitis treatment 349-350 see also cervical spine; lumbosacral sertraline 65 differential diagnosis 351-352 sexual dysfunction in multiple sclerosis fungal infections 346-347 spine; thoracic spine infections 346-348 spiritual pain 497 192,195 infestations 348-349 splinting shingles 346 inflammatory conditions 349 shivering mechanism 54, 55 management 345-346 contractures 117 shoes 465-467 photosensitivity disorders 131 peripheral neuropathies 220 psoriasis treatment 350-351 plantar ulcers 342 diabetes 312 purpura treatment 352 spondylosis, posture effects 100-101 gait 462 urticaria treatment 351 Spurling's sign 222 pain control 449-450 viral infections 346 sputum peripheral neuropathy 216 skin growth factor 331 emphysema 299 shoulder 135-140 skin substitutes 331 overproduction/retention 297-298 arthroplasty 137-138 skin thermoreceptors 55 squamous cell carcinoma 241,242 external rotation 183 skinfold measurement 439 metastases 242, 243 imaging 93-94 skull fracture 177 treatment 243 mobility 428 sleep disturbances 392 ST segment 265,266 pain 135, 160 sliding boards 187-188 stair glides 539 small bowel 45-46 standing, balance activities 461 with hemiplegia 138-140 Smith's fracture 168-169 Staphylococcus aureus rotator cuff degeneration 135-136 smoking 38 cellulitis 348 stiffness 428 bronchogenic carcinoma 301 impetigo 347 time line strategy 138 cataract risk 364 stasis dermatitis 350 shoulder girdle strength 179 cessation 299,304,400 statins 68, 110 sibutramine 440 COPD 299 myopathies 68, 110,392 sick sinus syndrome 269 emphysema 298 stem cell therapy 203 Single limb stance 411 lung cancer 301,304 stenosis 164, 222 Single photon emission computed macular degeneration risk 364 stents, endovascular 288 osteoporosis association 124 restenosis 288,289 tomography (SPECT) 81 stroke risk 181 stereoacuity vision 362 Parkinson's disease 199 Snellen eye chart 359 sternal complications 290 sinoatrial arrhythmia 266-267 soaks 346 sternotomy, median 290 sinoatrial node 265 social protection expenditure 502 sternum 151 block 271-272 social security trust funds 506-507 steroids discharge frequency 266 social services systemic 298 sinoatrial tachycardia 267-268 assessment 537, 538 topical 346-347, 348, 349, 350, 351 sinus arrhythmia 267 community services 539-540 Stevens-Johnson syndrome 351 sinus bradycardia 262, 267 family contact 538 stiffness 425-428 sinus node dysfunction 281 placement of patients 540 causes 425-426 sitting provision 537-540 mobility 427-428 balance activities 461 sodium deficiency 110 posture 427-428 prolonged 112 soft tissue stomach 45 skeletal muscle mobilization 117 stools, leakage 387-388 function 9-11 postural changes 101 strength training 34,108-109 immobility effects 394-395 Soviet Bloc, former 502 amputees 471 skeleton spaced repetition 188 gait 461 appendicular 101, 102, 103, 104 spasticity 179 ineffective 109-111 axial 99-101 speech audiometry 371 modifying 108-109 skin speech therapy, Parkinson's disease overload principle 109 breakdown 61 stroke 183 drug eruptions 351 202 strengthening functional changes 345 speech-language pathologists 383 orthopedic trauma 168 hands 436 spinal cord injuries 179 immobility effects 395-396 see also exercise, strengthening integrity amputees 469, 471 aquatic therapy 482

INDEX 557 strength-mortality association 108 tachycardia 266, 267, 281 thyrotoxicosis 436 streptococcal Group A infection 278,348 junctional 270 thyroxine (T4) 54,70 streptococcal Group C infection 347-348 tibial plateau fractures 170-171 Streptococcus pneumoniae 59,61 tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome 269, tics 206 stress incontinence 389, 390 281 stretch weakness 111-112 Tourette's syndrome 210 stretching tacrine 66 Tietze's syndrome 154 tactile sensation 436 time line strategy, shoulder arthroplasty connective tissue 427 Tai Chi 477 contractures 116--117 138 optimal passive 117 exercise program 454 Timed 'Up and Go' 412 passive 116, 117 tamponade 288 tinea 346--347 stroke 3 tandem stance 411 Tinel's sign 219,224 aspiration pneumonia 381 tardive dyskinesia 211,392 tirmitus 370, 405 balance activities after 109 task-oriented approach in stroke 183 tiredness, self-reported 432 Bobath approach 183 team conferences 521 tirofiban 288 CT 86 tear film 362 tissue extensibility 156 diagnosis 181-182 tears, artificial 362 Top/Down model 24, 25 embolic 276 temperature, ambient touch exercise after 109 functional activities after 109 exercise 56 cognitive impairment 189 hormone replacement therapy 399400 water in therapeutic pools 482 dementia patients 186,188-189 imaging 181-182 temperature, body 53 Tourette's syndrome 210 incidence 181 core 53,54,56 toxic epidermal necrolysis 351 intervention 182-183 skin 6,7,55 trabeculectomy 365 MRI 86 temporal bone transplantation 370 trabeculoplasty 365 post 109 tendon rupture 91,92 traditional Chinese medicine 478 prognosis 182 tendon tears 86, 93, 94, 95 transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation quality of life after 183 tendonitis 133-134 rehabilitation 181-183 tenosynovitis 133 (TENS) risk factors 181 terbinafine 347 acupuncture-like 452 signs/symptoms 181 teripatide 418 contraindications 452 visual field loss 360 testosterone design 437 stroke volume 32, 251 replacement 392 diabetic neuropathy 225 subarachnoid hemorrhage 84 vascular changes 49 pain control 451-452 subdural hematoma 84 thalamic stimulation, chronic 202 peripheral neuropathies 217 sun exposure 243 thalamotomy 202,203 prostate cancer 247 macular degeneration risk 364 thalamus 23 thoracic spine compression fractures Supplemental Medicallnsurance (SMI) 507 theophylline 299 supraventricular tachycardia 268, 281 thermal agents 163 surface electromyographic (sEMG) contractures 116 transfer activities pain control 452-453 biofeedback 383 thermal injury 55 amputees 469 surface-active phospholipids 426 thermoregulation 50,53-58 gait training 457, 461 surgery, thermoregulation after 56 cold-related emergencies 57 transfer training, Parkinson's disease 201 swallowing drug therapy 55--56 transforming growth factor 13 (TGF-13) heat-related emergencies 57 bedside examination 383 physiological factors 55 417 instrumental examination 383 thermal agents in pain control 453 transfusion reactions 391 normal physiology 381-383 thigh numbness/weakness 224-225 transmyocardial revascularization 293 see also dysphagia thoracic spine sweat glands 55 disorders 163-164 Maze procedure 289 sweating 50, 54, 55 postural stresses 151-152 transportation services 540 Sydenham's chorea 210 thoracolumbosacral orthoses 450,467 transverse friction massage, tendonitis 134 Syme's amputation 315 meralgia paresthetica 224 trauma sympathetic nervous system 50 thoracotomy 290 syndactyly 436 thorax 38 neurological 175-180 synergistic morbidity model 3, 4 assessment 154-155 orthopedic 167-171 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) bony 151-156 stiffness 426 mobility changes 40 traumatic brain injury 175-178 131-132 muscles 151 management 179 lung involvement 154 rehabilitation intervention 156 treadmill trauma 154 metabolic costs of tests 252 T thrombolytic therapy, pulmonary protocols 253 training 462 T lymphocytes 59 embolism 302 treatment choices, funding 498 T wave 265,266 thyroid function 70,71 tremor 205 classification 207-210 imbalances 110 hand 436 thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) 70 multiple sclerosis 436 Parkinson's disease 199,207-208,436 rehabilitation 211-212 thyrotoxicosis 436

558 INDEX tricuspid valve 277 420 vascular system rehabilitation 171 triglycerides 69 autonomic control 50 surgical management 125-126,127 changes 48-50 thoracic spine 152,154,163-164 diabetes 308 exercise response 50-51 vertebroplasty 421-422 trihexyphenidyl 202 function 47-48 vertebroplasty 125-126,127,421-422 tri-iodothyronine (T3) 70 physiological changes 49-50 vertigo 403-404 Trousseau's sign 110 structural changes 48-49 benign paroxysmal positional 370,404 trunk structure 47-49 vestibular dysfunction bilateral 408 flexion avoidance 418 vascular wall thickness 48-49 exercise program 406-408 mobility 427 vasculitis 352 peripheral 408 stiffness 428 vasodilation, endothelium-dependent 51 unilateral 405, 408 trunk-strengthening activities vasodilators, congestive heart failure 67 vestibular nuclei 410 tuberculosis 303-304 veins 48 vestibule, ear 369 vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) 369-370 tumors 84,85,91,92 stiffness 49 viral infections, skin 346 venlafaxine 64 virtue ethics 492-493 u venous compliance 49 vision venous insufficiency 322, 324, 325 functional 366 ulcerative colitis 237 venous return 48 hand function 437 ulcers/ulceration venous stasis 395 peripheral 437 venous ulcers 322-325 visual acuity 21-22 autonomic neuropathy 326 ventilation, COPD 299 assessment 359 decubitus 395 ventilation-perfusion mismatch 40, 298, Visual Analogue Pain Scale (VAPS) foot 333,338,342 immobility effects 395-396 301 444-445 peripheral vascular disease 325 ventricular arrhythmias 270-271, 273 visual disability 366 stages 320 ventricular assist device 293-294 visual fields 359-361 treatment 327,330-331 ventricular compliance 34 types 322-327 ventricular contractions, premature 270 loss 360,365 ulnar mononeuropathies at the elbow ventricular failure 275-276 visual hallucinations 364 ventricular fibrillation 271 visual handicap 366 (UME) 220 ventricular filling 34 visual impairment 27-28 ulnar nerve compression 220-221 ventricular pump dysfunction 275-276 ultrasound 76,91-92 ventricular reconstruction 293 communication 375, 376 ventricular tachycardia 270-271 definition 366 advantages/disadvantages 87, 89 veracity 492 disability evaluation 358 contractures 116 vertebrae prevalence 357 echocardiography 262 visual loss impact 362-363 fracture healing 417 cervical 159-160 visual neglect 360 shoulder 94 fractures 415 visual perception 437 wound healing 330, 331 thoracic 151 visual system unipedal stance, peripheral neuropathy vertebral arteries 160 aging 358-359 vertebral compression fractures 90, 112, assessment 359-362 215 color vision 361-362 unmasking event model 4 121 contrast sensitivity 361 urate crystal deposition 132 ambulation 418-419 dark adaptation 362 urge incontinence 389,390 assessment 122 demographics 357 urinary incontinence 388-390 clinical consequences 121-122 function 359-362 diagnosis 122-124 functional changes 357-366 reversible causes 389-390 drug therapy 125 glare sensitivity 361 treatment 390 exercise 124 pathological changes 363-365 types 389 fracture deformity correction 126 stereoacuity 362 urinary system, immobility effects 396 height restoration 126 terminology 357-358 urine, normal control 388-389 kyphoplasty 421-422 visuomotor channels 437 urogenital atrophy 400 management algorithm 123 vital capacity 301 urticaria treatment 351 medical management 125 vitamin(s), dietary requirements 44 muscle strengthening 420-421 vitaminA 44 v orthoses 450 vitamin B12 44, 215 osteoporosis 418 malabsorption 45 vaccination 61 pain serum levels 70 vacuum-assisted wound closure 331 vitamin C 44 Valsalva maneuver 312,395 management 418 vitamin D 44 onset/duration 122 after vertebroplasty 126, 127 defibrillator patients 284 patient history 122 calcium levels 110 valvuloplasty, balloon 292 physical examination 122, 124 deficiency 110 varicella virus 346 prevalence 121 intake 168 varicose veins 49 prevention 124-125 vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) primary care management 124-125 radiology 122-123 365

INDEX 559 osteoporosis prevention 124 weighing, underwater 439 exercise in care 331-332 psoriasis 351 weight loss healing vitamin D3 deficiency 14,165 diabetes mellitus 309 diabetes 312 metabolism 164-165 venous insufficiency 324 process 319 weight-bearing, protective 169 history taking 321 w weight-shifting 461-462 management 319-332 wheelchair physical assessment of patient 322 waist circumference 308,439-440 amputation 317,469 therapeutic interventions 327,330-331 walkers 418-419,449 brain tumors 231 ulcers 338,342 insurance coverage 539 arterial 324, 325 insurance coverage 539 mobility 178 neuropathic 324,326,331 walking propulsion 179 pressure 324,326-327 users stages 320 amputees 469 types 322-326 balance loss 412 carpal tunnel syndrome 219 vacuum-assisted closure 331 difficulty 457 ulnar nerve compression 220 wrist peripheral neuropathies 216 wholeness of patient 4 fractures 168-169,415 postpolio syndrome 119 Williams flexion orthosis 450 median nerve compression 220 posture 419 Wilson's disease 210 ulnar nerve compression 220-221 programs 29,253,302 Wolff's law 427 see also carpal tunnel Women's Health Initiative 399-400 dizziness 408 World Confederation of Physical Therapy x prosthetic rehabilitation 317-318 (WCPT) ethical principles 493 spinal cord injury 179 World Health Organization (WHO) xerosis 349 87, 89 wall arches 420 International Classification of xiphoid process 151 water Functioning, Disability and Health X-rayabsorptiometry 439 properties 481 (ICFDH) 175 X-rays 73, 74, 75 requirements 44 International Classification of temperature for therapeutic pools 482 Impairments, Disabilities and advantages/disadvantages water exercises 421 Handicaps (ICIDH) model 24 radiation effects 83, 86 water therapy 481-482 world view, communication 374-375 wounds weakness 9-10,103,111-112 classification 319-320 webbed-finger syndrome 436 evaluation of patient 320-327