Sports & exercise massage _ comprehensive care in athletics, fitness & rehabilitation ( PDFDrive )_compressed

Glossary Acceleration  Produced by concentric muscle contraction. Anorexia Nervosa  Eating disorder involving severe limits Active Assisted Movement  Movement of a joint in which on food intake. both the client and the therapist produce the motion. Antagonism  Occurs when massage produces the opposite Active Assisted Stretching  Both client and therapist par- effect, as with medications. ticipate in the stretching process. Antagonists  Muscles that oppose the movement of prime Active Joint Movement  Movement of a joint through its movers. range of motion by the client. Anxiety and Depressive Disorders  Uneasiness, usually Active Range of Motion  Movement of a joint by the connected with neural chemical disorders. client with no type of assistance from the massage Arnica montana  Homeopathic remedy that is said to practitioner. support healing of acute injury. Acupuncture Point  Asian term for a specific point that correlates with a neurologic motor point. Aromatherapy  Use of essential oils for therapeutic Acute Bone Fractures  Condition of broken bones. purposes. Acute Inflammation  Immune reaction that occurs at the early stages of illness or injury. Arthrokinematic Reflex  Neurologic relationship between Acute Pain  Symptom of a disease condition or a tempo- joint and muscle proprioception. rary aspect of medical treatment. Acute pain acts as a warning signal because it can activate the sympathetic Arthroscopic Surgery  Minimally invasive procedure for nervous system. Usually, it is temporary, of sudden joints. onset, and easily localized. The client frequently can describe the pain, which often subsides without Articular Crepitus  Grinding and crackling during joint treatment. movement. Acute Reinjury of a Chronic Condition  Traumatic event that aggravates an existing condition. Assessment  The collection and interpretation of informa- Acute Stress  Adaptive demand stimulating sympathetic tion provided by the client, the client’s family and autonomic nervous system response. friends, the massage practitioner, and referring medical Adaptation  Response to sensory stimulation in which professionals. nerve signaling is reduced or ceases. Adhesions  Inappropriate connective tissue connections. Athlete  Person who participates in sports as an amateur Adrenaline  Neurochemical active during sympathetic or a professional. Athletes require precise use of their autonomic nervous system response. bodies. Aerobic Exercise  Activity that targets cardiac function. Aerobic Exercise Training  Exercise program focused to Athlete’s Foot  Fungal condition of the foot. increase fitness and endurance. Athletic Trainers  Professionals specifically trained to Aerobic (Oxygen) System  Mechanism for fueling muscle contraction when oxygen availability exceeds demand. support athletes. Age  Relates to adaptive capacity dependent on life span. Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)  Body system that Agility  Smooth, coordinated movement. Agonist  Muscle that functions in opposition to prime regulates involuntary body functions using the sympa- movement and is usually involved in deceleration and thetic “fight-flight-fear” response and the restorative control of movement. parasympathetic “relaxation response.” The sympa- Anabolic Steroids  Banned substances in many competi- thetic and parasympathetic systems work together to tive sports. maintain homeostasis through a feedback loop system. Anaerobic Glycolytic System  Mechanism for fueling Bacterial Infections  Pathologic conditions caused by a muscle contraction when oxygen availability is less than variety of bacteria; usually treated with antibiotics. demand. Balance  Ability to maintain position within gravity. Anorexia Athletica  Eating disorder related specifically to Balsam Fir  Type of essential oil. reduced food intake in athletes. Backward-Tilting (Posterior) Pelvis  Abnormal position of the pelvis often resulting in a reduced lumbar curve. Banned Drug  Medication that cannot be used by athletes during training and competition. Banned Substances  Drugs and other products that cannot be used by athletes during training and competition. Bending  Type of mechanical force. Bending Loading  Specific mechanical force where one side of the load is convex and under tension, and the other side is concave and under compression. 441

442 GLOSSARY Beta Blocker  Type of medication that influences heart Clinical Reasoning  Cognitive process involving a system rate. for problem solving. Bind  Point of resistance to movement. Co-Contraction  Concentric action of muscles in both Black Pepper  Type of essential oil. agonist and antagonist function. Body Mechanics  Use of the body in an efficient and Combined Loading  Creating more than one mechanical biomechanically correct way. force during massage application. Bodywork  Term that encompasses all the various forms Comfort Barrier  The first point of resistance short of the of massage, movement, and other touch therapies. client’s perceiving any discomfort at the physiologic or Bone Injuries  A variety of traumatic injuries to bones, pathologic barrier. including fractures and contusions. Comparative Weakness  Assessment finding when one Bulimia Nervosa  Type of eating disorder involving binge function is compared with another. eating and then purging. Complete Rupture  Total breach of connection such as a Bursitis  Inflammation of a bursa. ruptured tendon. Breathing  Mechanism of bringing air into the lungs. Breathing Dysfunction  Impairment of the breathing Compression  Pressure into the body to spread tissue against underlying structures. Also, exertion of inappro- process. priate pressure on the nerves by hard tissue (e.g., bone). Breathing Pattern Disorders  Complex sets of behaviors Compression Loading  Application of compressive force. that lead to overbreathing in the absence of a patho- Compressive Force  The amount of pressure exerted logic condition. These disorders are considered a func- tional syndrome because all parts are working effectively; against the surface of the body to apply pressure to therefore, a specific pathologic condition does not exist. deeper body structures; pressure applied in a particular Caffeine  A stimulant. direction. Cannabinoid  A banned substance. Concentric  Muscle action where shortening and pulling Capsulitis  Inflammation of the joint capsule. occur. Cardioprotection  Lifestyle and dietary measures to Condition Management  Use of massage methods to support cardiac function. support clients who are unable to undergo a therapeutic Cardiorespiratory Fitness  Ability to perform aerobic change but who wish to function as effectively as pos- activity at a level that supports optimal activity. sible under a set of circumstances. Cardiovascular/Respiratory Disease  A collection of Conditioning  Training program to prepare for athletic conditions affecting breathing heart function and  activity. blood flow. Connective Tissue Methods  Application of mechanical Cartilage  Type of flexible connective tissue. forces to the tissues to specifically address connective Catching  Activity involving eye/hand/body coordination tissue changes. to intercept and hold objects moving toward the person. Continuous Training  Form of conditioning program in Central Nervous System Hypersensitivity  Neurochemi- which no breaks are involved. cal changes in the central nervous system causing over- Contract and Stretch  Muscle energy method that involves reaction and usually painful sensation to stimuli. concentric action on the target and then lengthening. Cervical Lordosis  Backward curve of cervical spine. Contract Antagonist and Stretch  Muscle energy method Chamomile German  Type of essential oil. that involves using opposing muscle action to support Charting  Documentation of the therapeutic process. tolerance to stretch. Chronic Inflammation  Nonproductive persistent inflam- Contract-Relax-Antagonist-Contract  Muscle energy method matory response. that uses agonist and antagonist contraction before Chronic Joint Injuries  Ongoing conditions usually stretching. involving joint deterioration. Contracture  Tissue shortening. Chronic, or Overuse, Trauma  Repetitive movement or Cool-Down  Aspect of the workout/conditioning program injury that can cause multiple microtraumatic injuries. that occurs after the specific protocols. Chronic Pain  Pain that persists or recurs for indefinite Coordination  Ability to integrate balance and agility to periods, usually for longer than 6 months. It frequently perform activities. has an insidious onset, and the character and quality of Coping Skills  Behaviors used to deal with stress. the pain change over time. It frequently involves deep Core Strength  Measure of function of antigravity muscles, somatic and visceral structures. Chronic pain usually is especially in the trunk. diffuse and poorly localized. Core Training  Conditioning activities to improve and Chronic Stress  Long-term demand on adaptive mecha- maintain core function. nisms. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)  Variety of conditions Circuit Training  Form of conditioning program. that impede blood flow to the heart muscle. Circuit-Interval Training  Form of condition program Cortisol  Stress hormone produced by the adrenal glands that incorporates breaks into the cycle. that is released during long-term stress. An elevated level indicates increased sympathetic arousal.

GLOSSARY 443 Counterirritation  Superficial stimulation that relieves a Drag  The amount of pull (stretch) on the tissue (tensile deeper sensation by stimulating different sensory stress). signals. Duration  Length of time a method lasts or stays in the Counterpressure  Force applied to an area that is designed same location. to match exactly (isometric contraction) or partly  (isotonic contraction) the effort or force produced by Dynamic Stretching  Active movements that move tissue muscles in that area. into and out of stretch position. Creatine  Substance used by athletes to increase muscle Dynorphins  Family of endogenous opioid peptides. bulk. Eating Disorders  Abnormal eating habits that may Cross-Directional Stretching  Tissue stretching that pulls involve insufficient or excessive food intake. and twists connective tissue against its fiber direction. Eccentric  Muscle lengthens as force exceeds concentric Cutting  Activity that involves abrupt deceleration, chang- action. ing directions, and quick acceleration. Edema  Observable swelling in certain parts of the body. Elevation  Part of PRICE. To lift above the heart. Deceleration  Slowing of movement using eccentric End-Feel  The perception of the joint at the limit of its action. range of motion. The end-feel may be soft or hard.  Deconditioning  Reduction in fitness. (See Joint end-feel.) Deep Vein Thrombosis  Contraindication for massage Endangerment Sites  Any area of the body where nerves and blood vessels surface close to the skin and are not where clots form in the deep veins, typically in  well protected by muscle or connective tissue; there- the leg. fore, deep, sustained pressure into these areas could Degenerative Joint Disease  Pathology of the joint pri- damage these vessels and nerves. The kidney area is marily due to wear and tear. included because the kidneys are loosely suspended in Dehydration  Lack of water. fat and connective tissue, and heavy pounding is con- Depth of Pressure  Compressive stress that can be light, traindicated in that area. moderate, deep, or varied. Endocannabinoid (eCB)  Endogenous neurotransmitters Diabetes  Disease in which insulin production or use is that appear to play a major role in generating these impaired. rewards by activating cannabinoid receptors in the Diastasis  Separation of parts of the body that are nor- brain. mally joined together, such as adjacent bones without Endorphins  Neurochemicals that elevate mood, support fracture. satiety (reduce hunger and cravings), and modulate Direct Tissue Stretching  Application of tension force in pain. a local tissue area. Endurance  A measure of fitness. The ability to work for Direct Trauma  Injury resulting from a direct impact. prolonged periods and the ability to resist fatigue. Direction  Flow of massage strokes from the center of the Energy  Ability to do work. body outward (centrifugal), or from the extremities Energy Systems  Physiologic processes that provide fuel inward toward the center of the body (centripetal). for body function. Direction can include circular motions; it can flow from Enkephalins  Neurochemicals that elevate mood, support the origin to the insertion of the muscle, following the satiety (reduce hunger and cravings), and modulate muscle fibers, or it can flow transverse to the tissue pain. fibers. Entrainment  Coordination of movements or their syn- Direction of Ease  Position the body assumes with pos- chronization with a rhythm. tural changes and muscle shortening or weakening, Entrapment  Pathologic pressure placed on a nerve or a depending on how it has balanced against gravity. vessel by soft tissue. Disk Herniation  Condition whereby the cushion that sits Ephedrine  A banned substance. between the spinal vertebra is pushed outside its normal Epinephrine/Adrenaline  Neurochemical that activates position. arousal mechanisms in the body; activation, arousal, Dislocation  Traumatic injury of the joint when the bone alertness, and alarm chemicals of the “fight-or-flight” ends move out of alignment. response, and all sympathetic arousal functions and Disordered Eating  Irregular eating behaviors. behaviors. Diuretics  Substances that increase urine output. Eucalyptus  Type of essential oil. Dopamine  Neurochemical that influences motor activity Evaluation  Another term for assessment. involving movement (especially learned fine move- Exercise  Activity that enhances or maintains physical ment, such as writing), conscious selection (what to pay fitness and overall health and wellness. attention to), mood (in terms of inspiration), possibility, Exercise Intensity  How much energy is expended when intuition, joy, and enthusiasm. If the dopamine level is exercising. low, the opposite effects, such as lack of motor control, Exercise Physiologists  Medical professionals specializing clumsiness, inability to decide what to attend to, and in exercise for rehabilitation and physical fitness. boredom, are seen.

444 GLOSSARY Fascia  Layer of fibrous tissue. Healthy Diet  Diet that supports body function and is low Fatigue  Lack of energy and motivation. in saturated fats and artificial ingredients. First-Degree Distortion in Functioning  Beginning stage Heart Rate Variability (HRV)  A measure of the continu- in deterioration of functional movement. ous interplay between sympathetic and parasympathetic Fitness  General term used to describe the ability to influences on heart rate. perform physical work. Heat Cramps  Symptom of hyperthermia. Flexibility  Ability to move joints and muscles through Heat Exhaustion  Symptom of hyperthermia. Heat Rash  Symptom of hyperthermia. their full range of motion. Heat Syncope (Heat Collapse)  Fainting as a result of Force  Influence that causes an object to undergo a certain overheating. change. Heatstroke  Life-threatening condition with symptoms of Force Couples  Two equal, but oppositely directed, forces high body temperature, rapid pulse, difficulty breath- acting simultaneously. ing, and confusion. Force Stability  Joint stability produced by muscle Helichrysum  Type of essential oil. Herpes Simplex Virus  Causes a common viral infec- contraction. tion. Form Stability  Joint stability due to the shape of the bone History  Information from the client about past and present medical conditions and patterns of symptoms. and the joint capsule. Hitting  Activity during sports where an instrument or a Forward-Tilting (Anterior) Pelvis  Abnormal position of body part strikes an object. Holding Position  Static touch used during massage. the pelvis usually resulting in increased lordosis. Hormone  Messenger chemical in the bloodstream. Frequency  The number of times a method is repeated Hot and Cold Contrast Hydrotherapy  Alternating hot and cold water applications. over a given time period. Hyperstimulation Analgesia  Diminishing the perception Friction  Specific circular or transverse movements that do of a sensation by stimulating large-diameter nerve fibers. Methods used include application of ice or heat, coun- not glide on the skin and that are focused on the under- terirritation, acupressure, acupuncture, rocking, music, lying tissue. and repetitive massage strokes. Frostbite  Localized damage caused to skin and other Hyperthermia  Heat-related condition. tissues as the result of extreme cold. Hypothermia  Cold-related condition. Functional Movement Development  Activity used to Ice  Aspect of PRICE treatment of acute injury. correct physical imbalances, limitations, and weak- Ideal Performance State  State of mind that each athlete nesses within the body. learns to achieve consistently in competition. Functional Stress  Stage two classification of dysfunction Illness  State of poor health. in the body. Immune Function  Mechanisms of the body combat Functional Tension  Stage one classification of dysfunc- pathogenic invasion. tion in the body. Inappropriate Training  Activities that hinder perfor- Functional Training  Activities used to support optimal mance. functional movement. Indirect Trauma  Injury that is not the result of a direct GABA  Gamma-aminobutyric acid, the chief inhibitory blow. Can be considered overuse injury. neurotransmitter. Inflammation  Normal mechanism, characterized by pain, Gait Assessment  Assessment of walking and running. heat, redness, and swelling, that usually speeds recovery Gait Cycle  Walking action that begins when one foot from infection or injury. contacts the ground and ends when that foot contacts Insomnia  An individual’s report of sleeping difficulties. the ground again. Integrated Approach  Combined methods of various Gauss  Unit of measurement of a magnetic field. forms of massage and other bodywork styles. General Contraindications/Cautions  Factors that re­ Intercompetition Massage  Massage provided during an quire a physician’s evaluation to rule out serious under- athletic event. lying conditions before any massage is indicated. If the International Olympic Committee  Official source of physician recommends massage, the physician must Olympic Games. help develop a comprehensive treatment plan. Interval Training  Type of physical training that involves Geranium  Type of essential oil. bursts of high-intensity work interspersed with periods Gliding  Massage method that creates tension force. of low-intensity work. Global Muscles  Muscles that cross multiple joints. Isometric  Contraction in which the effort of a muscle or Glucocorticosteroids  Class of steroid hormones. group of muscles is exactly matched by a counterpres- Glucosamine A  Substance that is thought to support sure, so that no movement occurs—only effort. joint function. Growth Hormone  Hormone that promotes cell division; in adults, it is implicated in the repair and regeneration of tissue. Guarding  Contraction of muscles in a splinting action, surrounding an injured area.

GLOSSARY 445 Isotonic  Contraction in which the effort of a target muscle stimulating circulation, and producing therapeutic or group of muscles is partly matched by a counterpres- effects on the respiratory and nervous systems, and sure, allowing a degree of resisted movement. subtle interactions among all body systems. These intended effects are accomplished through physiologic Joint Mobilization  Movement of the joint through its energetic and mind/body connections in a safe,  normal range of motion. nonsexual environment that respects the client’s self- determined outcome for the session. Joint Movement Methods  Methods that support joint Mechanical Forces  Forces that create a push or a pull. movement through its normal range of motion. Mental Toughness  Collection of attributes that allow a person to persevere through difficult circumstances. Joint Oscillation  Rhythmic shaking of the joint structure. Mentor  Someone who uses his or her personal excellence Joint Play  Inherent laxity present in a joint. and professional experience to help others succeed. Joint Stability  Ability of a joint structure to maintain Methods  How massage is applied. Microtrauma  Microscopic injury, usually affecting con- appropriate position. nective tissue. Jumping  Action where both feet lift off the ground. Mobilization With Movement  Method of addressing Juniper Berry  Type of essential oil. joint function with traction and client movement. Kicking  Using the leg to apply force to move an object. Motor Tone  Nervous system control of how long or short Kinesiology  Study of movement. a muscle is by regulating the degree of muscle Kinetic Chain  Process by which each individual joint contraction. Movement Strategies  Coordinated movements of the movement pattern is part of an interconnected aspect body, innate or learned. of the neurologic coordination pattern of muscle Multiplanar Movement  Movement that happens in dif- movement. ferent planes of motion. Kneading  Massage method that twists tissues. Muscle Energy Techniques  Neuromuscular facilitation; Kyphosis  Abnormal curve of the thoracic vertebrae. specific use of active contraction in individual muscles Lavender  Type of essential oil. or groups of muscles to initiate a relaxation response; Lemongrass  Type of essential oil. activation of proprioceptors to facilitate muscle tone, Local Anesthetics  Substances that interfere with sensa- relaxation, and stretching. tion such as pain; used in a local area. Muscle Firing Pattern  Recruitment sequence of muscle Local Muscles  Muscles that affect only one joint. activation. Longitudinal Tissue Stretching  Stretch applied along the Muscle Organ  Collective tissues and structures that form fiber direction of connective tissues and muscles. a muscle, including connective tissue, muscle tissue, Lower Crossed Syndrome  Pattern of dysfunction wherein nerves, and vascular structures. lumbar area structures are short and abdominal tissues Muscle Relaxer  Medication used to decrease motor tone. are weak. Muscle Tone  Density and tautness of a muscle organ Lumbar Lordosis  Inward curvature of the lumbar based on fluid content and pliability of connective vertebrae. tissues. Luxation  Dislocation of an anatomic part. Muscle Weakness  Decreased ability of a muscle to gener- Lymph Nodes  Small, bean-shaped organs located through- ate force. out the lymphatic system that function as filters. Myofascial/Connective Tissue Dysfunction  Nonpro- Lymph System  Specialized component of the circulatory ductive changes in the muscle organ and associated system; responsible for waste disposal and immune connective tissues. response. Myositis Ossificans  Bony growth that develops within a Lymphangions  Functional units of a lymph vessel that lie muscle after a contusion or a strain. between two valves. Narcotics  Natural opioid drugs. Magnet  Object or substance that possesses an attraction Nerve Compression  Harmful pressure on a nerve (espe- to metals that involves positive and negative charge. cially on nerves that pass over rigid prominences). Massage  The scientific art and system of assessment of Nerve Entrapment  Repeated and long-term nerve com- and manual application of certain techniques to the pression usually by soft tissues that are subject to superficial soft tissue of skin, muscles, tendons, liga- inflammation or swelling. ments, and fascia, and to structures that lie within the Nerve Impingement  Pressure against a nerve by skin, superficial tissue. Hand, foot, knee, arm, elbow, and fasciae, muscles, ligaments, or joints. forearm are used for systematic external application of Nerve Injury  Damage caused by pressure, stretching, or touch, stroking (effleurage), friction, vibration, per­ cutting. cussion, kneading (pétrissage), stretching, compression, Nerve Root Compression  Nerve roots in the spinal cord or passive and active joint movements within the are irritated or pinched. normal physiologic range of motion. Massage includes adjunctive external applications of water, heat, and  cold for the purposes of establishing and maintaining good physical condition and health by normalizing  and improving muscle tone, promoting relaxation,

446 GLOSSARY Neuroendocrine Regulation  Combined effects of Performance  Carrying out of specific physical activities neurotransmitters and hormones for maintaining influenced by a combination of physiologic, psycho- homeostasis. logical, and sociocultural factors. Neuromuscular Control/Proprioception/Kinesthesis  Con­ Performance Enhancement  Variety of methods used to scious control of a specific movement; the interplay maximize performance. and reflex connection between sensory and motor neurons and muscle function. Periostitis  Also known as periostalgia; medical condition caused by inflammation of the periosteum. Neutralizer  Prevents unwanted motion during muscle action. Peripheral Nerves  Nerves and ganglia outside the brain and spinal cord. Nociceptor  Sensory receptor that responds to pain. Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)  Class Pharmacology  Study of drugs. Phasic/Mover Muscle Group  Muscles made up mostly of drugs that work to decrease blood levels of prosta- glandins, which are chemicals that promote inflamma- of fast-twitch muscle fibers. tion and pain. Phosphagen System  Anaerobic system that allows for the Noradrenaline  Neurochemical that functions in a manner similar to epinephrine but is more concentrated in the highest levels of exercise intensity. brain. Physical Assessment  Evaluation of body balance, effi- Norepinephrine/Noradrenaline  Neurochemical that func- tions in a manner similar to epinephrine but is more cient function, basic symmetry, range of motion, and concentrated in the brain. ability to function. Nutritional Supplement  Preparation intended to supple- Physical Fitness Program  Activity that supports cardiac ment the diet and provide nutrients. health and well-being. Orthopedic Massage  Massage targeting joint function Physical Therapist  Health care professional who works and associated structures. with patients who have impairments, limitations, dis- Oscillation  Massage method involving rhythmic abilities, or changes in physical function and health movement. status. Osteochondrosis  Any disease that affects the progress of Physiologic  Massage effects that relate to body function. bone growth by killing bone tissue. Piezoelectricity  Production of an electrical current by Outcome Goals  Intended results of massage applica- application of pressure to certain crystals such as mica, tion. quartz, Rochelle salt, and connective tissue. Outcome-Based  Massage application designed to achieve Pin and Stretch  Method that uses focused pressure to specific goals. lengthen the tissue while the client performs specific Overload Principle  Stress on an organism that is greater motions. than that regularly encountered during everyday life. Pine  Type of essential oil. Oxytocin  Hormone implicated in pair or couple bonding, Pivoting  Changing direction by spinning on one foot. parental bonding, feelings of attachment, and care Positional Release  Method of moving the body into the taking, along with its more commonly known functions direction of ease (the way the body wants to move out in pregnancy, delivery, and lactation. of the position that causes the pain); proprioception is Pain and Fatigue Syndromes  Multicausal and often taken into a state of safety and may stop signaling for chronic nonproductive patterns that interfere with well- protective spasm. being, activities of living, and productivity. Post-Event Massage  Massage provided after an athletic Pain Threshold  The point at which pain begins to be event. felt. Postsurgical Care  Care provided after surgery. Pain Tolerance  Maximum level of pain that a person is Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder  Disorder characterized by able to tolerate. episodes of flashback memory, state-dependent memory, Palliative Care  Care intended to relieve or reduce the somatization, anxiety, irritability, sleep disturbance, intensity of uncomfortable symptoms but that cannot concentration difficulties, times of melancholy or effect a cure. depression, grief, fear, worry, anger, and avoidance Palpation Assessment  Assessment through touch. behavior. Passive Joint Movement  Movement of a joint by the Postural Deviations  Alterations of normal posture. massage practitioner without assistance of the client. Postural (Stabilizer) Muscles  Muscles that support the Pathomechanics  Biomechanical alterations. body against gravity. Peak Performance  Ability to do one’s best; one’s best Posture  Position of the body or of body parts. physical state. Presurgical Care  Care provided before surgery. Peppermint  Type of essential oil. PRICE  Acronym for basic first aid therapy, which stands Percussion  Massage application involving rhythmic for protection, rest, ice, compression, and elevation. application of compression. PRICE Therapy  Use of PRICE to treat an injury. Primary Movements  Fundamental movement skills (e.g., flexion, extension) that are combined for specific movement.

GLOSSARY 447 Professionalism  Adherence to professional status, Serotonin  Neurochemical that regulates mood in terms methods, standards, and character. of appropriate emotions, attention to thoughts, and calming, quieting, and comforting effects; it also Progressive Relaxation  Technique for reducing anxiety subdues irritability and regulates drive states. by alternately tensing and relaxing the muscles. Shear  Mechanical force that moves within the same phys- Promotional or Event Massage  Massage provided at ical plane. sporting events that promotes massage benefits. Shear Loading  Method of creating shear stress. Pronation Distortion Syndrome  Postural and movement Skin Rolling  Method that lifts the skin. alteration when the feet roll too far inward, resulting in Specificity Principle  Highly general training to highly overpronation with body-wide compensation. specific training. Psychological  Function of the mind. Speed  Rate of application (e.g., fast, slow, varied). Pulsed Muscle Energy  Procedures that involve engaging Sport-Specific Demands  Strain on the physical and the barrier and using minute, resisted contractions mental capacity of an athlete. (usually 20 in 10 seconds); introduces mechanical Sports Medicine Physicians  Medical professionals who pumping as well as post-isometric relaxation and recip- rocal inhibition. specialize in the unique needs of the athlete. Range of Motion (ROM)  Movement of joints. Sports Psychologists  Medical professionals who support Reaction Time  Length of time the body takes to react to a stimulus. the mental function of the athlete. Reciprocal Inhibition (RI)  Effect that occurs when a Stability  Property of a body that causes it, when disturbed muscle contracts, obliging its antagonist to relax to allow normal movement to take place. from a condition of equilibrium, to develop forces that Recovery Massage  Massage structured primarily for the restore the original condition. uninjured athlete who wants to recover from a strenu- Stabilizers  Structures and muscles that maintain stability. ous workout or competition. Steroid Injection  Form of medical treatment that treats Reduced Range of Motion  Less than normal joint move- local inflammation. ment; can also be called hypomobility. Stimulant  Substance that increases sympathetic auto- Reflex Response  Fast, often involuntary response to a nomic nervous system output. stimulus. Strain-Counterstrain  Use of tender points to guide posi- Regional Contraindications  Contraindications that re­ tioning of the body into a space where muscle tension late to a specific area of the body. can be released on its own. Rehabilitation Massage  Massage used for severe injury or Strength  Bodily or muscular power. as part of intervention after surgery. Strength Training  Activities that increase physical Remedial Massage  Massage used for minor to moderate strength. injuries. Stress Fracture  A small crack in a bone. Stress fractures Rescue Remedy  Homeopathic preparation used for shock often develop from overuse, as from high-impact sports. and trauma. Stretching  Mechanical tension applied to lengthen the Restorative Sleep  Quality sleep that supports healing. myofascial unit (muscles and fascia); types include lon- Rhythm  The regularity of application of a technique. If a gitudinal and cross-directional stretching. method is applied at regular intervals, it is considered Structural  Massage effects primarily targeting anatomy. even or rhythmic. If it is choppy or irregular, it is con- Subluxation  Incomplete or partial dislocation. sidered uneven or not rhythmic. Substance P  Neurotransmitter related to the sensation of Ringworm  Fungal infection of the skin. pain. Rosemary  Type of essential oil. Swelling  Buildup of fluid in the tissues. Rotated (Left or Right)  Movement on the transverse Swinging  Quick movements that pass through many plane. planes of motion and create rotational and torsional Rotation or Torsion Loading  Force that is applied by forces on numerous joints. twisting. Synergistic Dominance  Dysfunctional activation of Running  Aspect of gait cycle where both feet are off the muscles whereby the helper or synergist muscle becomes ground. the first to activate and produce more of the force. ruta graveolens  Type of homeopathic preparation. Synovitis  Inflammation of the synovial membrane. Second-Degree Distortion in Functioning  Pattern of Tea Tree  Type of essential oil. dysfunction whereby movement becomes labored and Teacher  Person who presents new information and skills painful. while refining and targeting previous learning. Serial Distortion Pattern  Misalignment that exists in one Tendonitis  Type of tendinopathy with active inflam­ segment of the kinetic chain resulting in predictable  mation. patterns of dysfunction throughout the entire kinetic Tendonosis  Type of tendinopathy without active chain. inflammation. Tension  Type of mechanical force that pulls ends apart and lengthens.

448 GLOSSARY Tension Loading  Methods used to apply tension force. Traumatic Injury  Outcome of trauma. The Zone  State of consciousness wherein skills become Traumatic Osteoarthritis  Joint disease due to trauma. Tumor  Abnormal tissue growth. excellent performance. Turning  Movement whereby the body rotates. Therapeutic Exercise  Exercise used as medical treatment. United States Anti-Doping Agency  National anti-doping Therapeutic Inflammation  Controlled introduction of organization for the Olympic movement in the United acute inflammation to reverse a pathologic condition. States. Therapeutic Taping  Use of stiff or elastic tape for correc- Upper Crossed Syndrome  Pattern of dysfunction whereby tissues are short in the upper anterior torso but tive purposes. are long and weak in the upper posterior torso. Third-Degree Distortion in Functioning  Patterns of Vascular  Tissue having blood flow. Vestibular Apparatus  Structures of the inner ear respon- physical decline whereby connective tissue changes sible for special orientation and balance. occur, and movement is labored and painful enough to Visceral Pain  Organ pain or pain originating from the limit activity. inside of the body. Throwing  Propelling through the air by a forward motion Visualization  Formation of a mental image. of the hand and arm. Walking  Act of moving; involves the gait cycle. Thyme  Type of essential oil. Warm-Up  Activities that prepare the body for a specific Tonic/Postural/Stabilizing Muscles  Muscles that have a activity. high content of slow-twitch fibers and are able to main- Weight Control  Diet and activity to maintain a desired tain contraction. weight. Torque  Influence that tends to change the rotational Weight Transfer  Aspect of body mechanics involving motion of an object. moving the center of gravity forward. Torsion  Mechanical force exposed to torque that causes twisting. Trauma  Physical injury caused by violent or disruptive action, toxic substances, or psychic injury; results from a severe long- or short-term emotional shock.

Index Page numbers followed by “f ” indicate figures, “t” indicate tables, and “b” indicate boxes. A Active resistive joint movement, 187 Aerobic training Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) Abdomen, rhythmic compression, 220f Active resistive movement, 185 head massage, usage, 82 injury, 382 Abdominal muscles, isolation, 75 Active tissue movement, impact, 50 types, 82b Abdominal viscera, palpation, 165-166 Activity massage strategies, 382 Abduction Afferent input, decrease, 39 treatment, 382 functional implications, 79 Agility, kinesiology element, 46 Anterior knee, tissue (stretching), 206 frontal plane, example, 61f large muscles, usage, 79 Aging Anterior oblique subsystem, 62-63 primary movement, 87 submaximal intensity, 79 Anterior pelvis (forward-tilting pelvis), Abnormal end-feel, 145 Acupuncture points physiologic changes, reduction/ Abrasion (wound), 293 relationship, 33 reversal, 70 274 Acceleration, 88 structural location, 33 Anterior rotation, 252 force production, involvement, 74 Acute bone fractures, 308 process, impact, 274 Anterior serratus muscle contraction, 58 Acute inflammation Agonists, 58 Accessory muscles, usage, 72-73 occurrence, 126 assessment, 244 Acetaminophen, usage, 317 symptoms, 126 concentric action, 58 procedure, 244 Acetazolamide (diuretic), 103 test, 126 muscles (co-contractions), guarding release, 244 Acetylcholine (Ach), leakage, 33 Acute injury, 156 Achilles bursitis, 390-391 Acute local soft tissue inflammation, process (involvement), 300 performing, 245f illustration, 390f Ah shi points, facial cleavage symptoms, 244 massage strategies, 391 126 Anterior serratus, attention, 219 retrocalcaneal bursitis, 390-391 superficial signs/symptoms, 126 (relationship), 33 Anterior superior iliac spines (ASIS), Achilles tendinitis Acute-onset muscle soreness, 290 Alcohol, 103 illustration, 390f Acute pain comparison, 252 result, 389 differences, 286-287 avoidance, 114 Anterior torso, 347-348 signs, attention, 389 management, 123 Algometers, 156 symptoms, 389 sensation, 127 Alpha lipoic acid, 99 broken ribs, 348 Achilles tendinopathy (tendonitis/ stress, 286 Alveolar ventilation, increase, 80 bruised ribs, 347 Acute reinjury, chronic condition, American College of Rheumatology, rib muscle pulls/tears, 348 tendinosis), 389-390 separated ribs, 347-348 inflammation, development, 389 264 tissue tenderness assessment, 156 Anti-arousal massage (relaxation massage strategies, 390 Acute stress, 111 Amputation, impact, 154 Achilles tendon Acute synovitis, 305 Anabolic steroids, 102 massage), impact, 29 cord-like characteristic, 48 Acute vascular inflammation, 277-278 Antiinflammatory diet, 96 partial rupture, 391 IOC ban, 102 total rupture, 303f duration, 277-278 types, 102 components, 96 Achilles tendon rupture, 391 Adaptation, 77 Anaerobic energy cycle, 78 recommendations, 279b massage strategies, 391 Anaerobic glycogen breakdown, 78-79 Antiinflammatory medications, client nonsurgical treatment, 391 dependence, 77 Analgesic endocannabionids, activity postsurgical rehabilitation, 391 results, 77 usage (consideration), 120 Aching pain, 122 Adaptation, occurrence, 60 (increase), 195 Antioxidants, 99 Achy, term (meaning), 134 Adduction Analogues, 103 Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome frontal plane, example, 61f nutritional antioxidants, 99 primary movement, 87 ban, 103 Antioxidant vitamins, dietary sources, (AIDS) wasting, 102 Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) Anatomic space, extracellular body Acromioclavicular (AC) joint, location, ATP conversion, 77-78 99t involvement, 99 fluid location, 211 Anxiety 358 Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Anatomy, knowledge (requirement), 3 Actin, cross-bridges (mechanical conversion, 77-78 Anatomy Trains, 32 correlation, 28-29 involvement, 99 Androstenedione, usage (prohibition), disorders, 124 disruption), 84 resynthesis, 78 Active assisted joint movement, 187 Adhesions, 47 101 pain/fatigue disorders, Active assisted movement, 185 connective tissue, 48f Anger, reduction, 111 combination, 124 decrease, 48 Ankles, 392-394 examples, 186f Adhesive capsulitis (AC) levels, massage (impact), 26 Active assisted stretching, 201 frozen shoulder, 362 broken ankle, 394 management, massage massage therapy, study, 38 exercises, 394b example, 203f Adrenaline, 27-28 fibularis tendons (peroneal tendons), (effectiveness), 25 Active joint movement, 187 Adrenocorticotropic hormone reduction, guided imagery (usage), dislocation, 394 examples, 186f (ACTH), ban, 103 forward sprain (high ankle), 393-394 108 initiation, 221 Adults, body mass index (BMI) ranges, high ankle sprain, 297 Aponeurosis, 48 meaning, 185 Apprehension sign, 144 performing, 142-143 98t illustration, 299f Arch taping, 268f Active movements, 141-142 Aerobic activities, 78 injuries, 393f Arginine vasopressin level (change), analysis, 145 inward sprain, 393 examination, 142 focus, 78 joint, impact, 137 massage (impact), 29 narrow-based compression, Aerobic exercise, 81-82 lateral ankle sprain, examples, Arm movement, restoration combination, 233f-234f benefit, 71 301f-302f (reduction), 362 Active muscles, heat (generation), 324 period, conditioning, 81-82 ligament sprain, signs/symptoms, Arm-thigh symmetry, 47f Active range of motion methods, 187 training, 77 Active release, 204-206, 228 393 area, 171f focus, 77 massage strategies, 394 Arnica, 259-260 compression, application range, attainment, 71 outward sprain, 393-394 Arnica montana, 267 (involvement), 206 Aerobic power, provision, 79 sprains, 392-394 Aerobic system (oxygen system), 78 homeopathic remedy, 267 method, example, 204f characteristics, 78 occurrence, 297 Aromatherapy, 7 Active resisted joint movement, energy provision, 78 tibialis posterior syndrome, 394 traction, examples, 236f-237f adjunct therapy, 259 examples, 186f Anorectics, physical symptoms, 104-105 Arousal mechanisms (activation), Anorexia athletica, 104 Anorexia nervosa, 104 epinephrine (usage), 27 Antagonists, 58 Arterial circulation, increase, 216-217 co-contractions, guarding process massage, usage, 216 (involvement), 300 Arterial flow increase eccentric action, 58-59 muscles, hand movements, 199f compression, direction, 215f massage application, 215 Arteries compression, application, 214 pressure, 216 449

450 INDEX Arthritis, 362-363 Athletic pubalgia, 371-372 Baseball Blowout fracture, 339-340 massage, 306-307 Athletics, diversity, 4 case study, 409-414 massage strategies, 339-340 strategies, 363 Athletic shoe, selection, 399b history/assessment, 409-414 observation, ease, 339 signs, 362-363 Athletic trainers (ATs), 10 analysis, 410 traumatic arthritis, 305 medications/supplements, 409 Body addition, 11 overtraining, 410 active movements, usage, 29 Arthrokinematic inhibition, 63-64 CPB/UB codes, 11 physical assessment, 409-410 anatomic limits (inhibition), 119 Arthrokinematic reflex, 52-53 physical medicine and rehabilitation treatment plan, 410 anterior view, 163f arching/twisting sports, strain, 349 unconscious action, 59 (PMR) provision, 11 Basketball carbohydrates, usage, 78 Arthrokinematics, alteration, 67 profile, 10b-11b assessment, 425-429 circulation, 167 Arthroscopic camera (placement), state regulation, 10-11 case study, 425-429 clock, reset, 114 statutory title, misnomer, 11 clinical reasoning, 426-427 core, powerhouse, 75 portals (usage), 313 title, 11 interpretation, 426-427 diagonal balance, amputation Arthroscopic portals, 313 Athletic training, 10b-11b interview/goals, 425 (impact), 154 Current Procedural Terminology muscle testing, 426 direction of ease, 198 photograph, 314f observation, 425 dysfunction, occurrence, 119 Arthroscopic surgery (CPT) codes, 11 palpation, 425-426 fatigue, 10 definition, 10 physical assessment, 425-426 fluid components, 313 Atrophy, 304 qualitative goals, 427 classification, 211 technique, 313 area, deconditioning, 135 quantitative goals, 427 movement, pressure gradients Arthroscopy, 313-314 complications, 304 treatment plan, 427 (impact), 22 photograph, 314f Autoimmune disease, involvement, development, 426-427 water component, 37 usage, 314 treatment regimen, 427 fluid tension, 211 Arthrosis, 55 264 function, 78 massage, 306-307 Autonomic nervous system (ANS), 18 Bathroom, nighttime use (limitation), harm, sensing, 119 Asian bodywork methods, 7 114 heat, generation, 324 Assessment, 131 hyperactivity/hypoactivity, injury, susceptibility, 84 clarification, 135 relaxation, 124 Bedroom temperatures, adjustment, 114 massage, impact, 17-22 details, 132-135 Bend, mechanical forces, 287 mechanics, 187-188, 275 findings, understanding, 168-169 massage, generalized effect, 26 Bending force, 177 concepts, 187-188 gestures, 133-134 Avascular necrosis (Bo Jackson injury), effectiveness, 187, 189f-190f history, 133 compression/tension, combination, efficiency, 189f-190f identification, 131 373 177 movement information, organization (treatment Avulsion, wounds, 294 balance line shift, 148 Axial skeleton creation, 21 differences, 87 strategies), 169-170 example, 177f gravity, balance, 148 joint movement, usage, 144-145 design, 170 usage, 34 understanding, 153 massage treatment, implications, girdles/limbs, attachment, 170 Bending loading, 19 nodal points, 287 B example, 21 odor, perspiration, 261 169 Bach flower remedy (rescue remedy), Benzedrine (stimulant), 102 painkiller release, point holding muscle strength assessment, 145-148 Benzithiazide, diuretic, 103 (usage), 26-27 palpation assessment, 155-168 259-260 Beta blockers physiologic adjustments, ability, positive test, 144 Back, 348-357 ban, 103 325 symptoms, 134-135 impact, 103 physiologic functions, therapeutic Athletes bulging disk, 351-352 Beta-2 agonists, 102 massage (effects), 118-119 back pain, 350 cracked back, 352 Biceps physiologic limits (inhibition), banned substances, usage, 101 cracked wing, 352-353 femoris muscle, strain (location), 297f 119 body fat levels, reduction, 98 disorders, pain treatment (massage torn biceps, 366-367 positional sense (alteration), massage bolsters, requirement, 262 Biceps tendinopathy (tendonitis/ (impact), 30 caring, 96 protocols), 353-357 posterior view, 163f cartilage damage, 55 injuries, 349 tendinosis), 366 quadrants, 148f cramps, 324 massage strategies, 366 relaxation, 111 creatine, usage, 99-100 assessment, 350 treatment, 366 repositioning, 198 cross-training, usage, 275 lumbar pain, 356 Bilateral anterior rotation, 252 respiration, 166-167 definition, 9 quadratus lumborum pain, 356 Bind (resistance) rhythms experts, specialization, 3 ruptured disk, 352 overcoming, 209 assessment, 167-168 fatigue, 10 sciatica, 353 transverse strokes, 227 palpation, 166-168 fitness, outcomes, 23 short-leg syndrome, 353 Bind/direct methods, 209 stabilization, 194 fluid dynamics, experience, 214-215 side-lying position, 206 Biological oscillators, function, 167-168 symmetry, 170-172 identity, sense (maintenance), 109 straightness, 188 Biomechanics systems, massage effects, 7 immunity, 320 knowledge, requirement, 3 tissue damage, healing requirements, injury importance, 188 research, development, 46 34 strains, incidence, 296 Black pepper, essential oil, 265 warming, shaking (usage), 181-182 adjustment, 110 Back pain, 349-351 Black toenails, 397 weight/composition, evaluation, potential, increase, 273 assessment, 351f massage strategies, 397 98 response, 108, 281 bed rest, 349 Bleeding disorders, 127 wraps, magnets, 267 learning experiences, 4 causes, 350 Blisters, 370 massage massage strategies, 370 Body fat foundation, 17 assessment, 350f Blood decrease, 80 provision, 262 diagnostic testing, 350 cholesterol, decrease, 80 determination, 98 mechanical stress, excess, 47 illustration, 375f circulatory system, extracellular levels medical status, assessment, 109 mid-back pain, 353-356 optimum, 98 misconceptions, 6 muscles, involvement, 354f-355f body fluid location, 211 reduction, 98 modesty, 261 origin, 351 clot (thrombus), 127 number, 6 psoas low back pain, 356-357 doping, ban, 101 Body mass index (BMI) ranges ongoing care, 13 surgical treatment, success rate, effusion, 296-297 (adults), 98t phosphagen system, usage, 78 fluid movement, 36-37 problems, signs, 109 351 sugar level, decrease, 97 Body-wide stabilization patterns, psychological state, importance, 12 therapeutic massage, 353 Blood circulation 146-147 rehabilitation treatment, 357b improvement, connective tissue adjustment, 110 Bodywork problem, 281 complication, 357 massage (usage), 36 application, description, 17 responsibility, 266 plan, variation, 351 promotion, massage (impact), 50 description, 17 showering/bathing, 261-262 Backward-tilting pelvis (posterior Blood flow size, 262 pelvis), 274 decrease, 157 Boggy end-feel, occurrence, 145 sleep, 260 Bacterial infections, 126 encouragement, massage (usage), 214 Boils, superficial abscesses, 126 supplements, usage, 99-101 detection, 320 increase, 80-81 Bo Jackson injury (avascular necrosis), training Baker’s cyst (popliteal cyst), 384 influence, 280 effects, 10 massage strategies, 384 Blood pressure 373 program, stretching methods Balance control, 70 diagnosis, 373 kinesiology element, 46 decrease, lymphatic drain massage massage strategies, 373 (inclusion), 193 normalization, intervention plans Bolsters, requirement, 260, 262 water, ingestion (frequency), 97 (impact), 212 Athlete’s foot, 126 (usage), 149 fluctuations, 346 Balanced diet, consumption, 112 Ball curl exercises, 76f Balsam fir, essential oil, 265 Banned drug, term (usage), 101 Banned substances, 101-103 term, usage, 101 users, identification, 103

INDEX 451 Bones Broken hand, 369 Capsulitis, 304-305 Cervical-sacrum symmetry, 171f breaking strength, increase, 80 massage strategies, 369 inflammation process, 305 Cervical stenosis, 345 breaks, conceptualization, 299 treatment, 369 synovitis, association, 305 brittleness, 276 massage strategies, 345 bruise, 292 Broken hip, 373-374 Carbohydrates, usage, 78 spinal canal, problems, 345 chips, 366 massage strategies, 373-374 Cardiac arrhythmias, fluid/electrolyte Cervix-sacrum symmetry, 47f massage strategies, 366 Chaitow, L., 3-4 contusions, skeletal structure Broken jaw, 340 disturbances (impact), 104 Chamomile (German), essential oil, penetration, 292 massage strategies, 340 Cardiac cells, homeostasis, 323 coverage, cartilage (usage), 55 symptoms, 340 Cardiac injury, magnitude 265-266 disjointing, 307 Charting, 132 impact, 137 Broken neck, 345 (occurrence), 322 injuries, 126, 308-309 damage, 345 Cardiac output process, form, 132 classification, 308 massage strategies, 345 Cheekbone, breakage, 339 loose body, 365 decrease, dehydration (impact), 325 Chemical vasodilators, inflammatory nerve impingement, 311 Broken nose, 339 Cardiac output, increase, 80 outgrowths (spurs), 49 appearance, 339 Cardioprotection, 322 process (impact), 211 palpation, 165 massage strategies, 339 Cardiorespiratory fitness, decrease, 280 Children regeneration, 309 Cardiovascular conditioning, exercise spurs, 383 Broken patella, 382 protein requirement, 97 massage strategies, 382 duration, 80-81 strength training, impact, 83 Bony end-feel, occurrence, 145 Cardiovascular disease weight training, problem, 83 Bouncing, damage, 84 Broken ribs, 348 Chlorothiazide, diuretic, 103 Boxer’s wrist, 367 massage strategies, 348 exercise-induced protection, Cholesterol levels, improvement, 71 Brachial plexus pain, 348 biological mechanism, 323 Chronic breathing dysfunction treatment, 348 impingement, 123, 238 mortality, reduction, 322 patterns, impact, 71 carpal tunnel syndrome, Broken toe, 396 reduction, fruits/vegetables (impact), Chronic condition, acute reinjury, 264 comparison, 369 massage strategies, 396 Chronic inflammation, 278 96 location, 310 Bruised collarbone, 363 Cardiovascular illness, 322-323 disorders, relationship, 122t Brain, 286 massage strategies, 363 perpetuation, 322 pain, 363 massage implications, 323 repetitive injury, combination chemicals, production, 107 reason, 322 fatigue, 10 Bruised quadriceps, 377 Cardiovascular rehabilitation (treatment problem), 278 pain messages, arrival, 286 treatment, 377 result, 278 Breathing, 71-73 management, 98 Chronic joint injuries, 305-308 chronic breathing dysfunction Bruised ribs, 347 Cardiovascular response, 79-80 cause, 305 massage strategies, 347 Cardiovascular system Chronic osteoarthritis/arthrosis, 368 patterns, impact, 71 treatment, 347 massage strategies, 368 coordination, usage, 195-196 aerobic activity, focus, 78 Chronic pain disorders, therapeutic massage, Bruises, 157 changes, 79 differences, 286-287 Buddy taping, 369 endangerment sites, 128f immune system suppression, 286 327-328 Bulging disk, 351-352 Career expectations, 6-7 management, 123 dysfunction (overbreathing) objectives, 6-7 occurrence, 287 impingement, 351 Career motivation Chronic soft tissue injuries, 303-305 impact, 71 massage strategies, 352 determination, 2 Chronic stress, 111 patterns, 71 Bulimia nervosa, 104 knowledge, 2-3 signs, 112 experience, 326b Bunions, 400 Chronic swelling, occurrence, 215-216 eye movement, relationship, 195-196 massage strategies, 400 objective, 2-3 Chronic synovial joint injuries, functional breathing problems, Burner nerves, 345 objective, 2 cause, 345 teachers/mentors, 3-4 categories, 305 assessment, 71 characterization, 345 Chronic trauma (overuse trauma), 264 inhale to exhale ratio, 72 massage strategies, 345 objective, 3-4 Chymopapain, injection, 352 massage therapist, impact, 328 Burning pain, 121 Career opportunities, 437-438 Circuit-interval training, 82 methods, 281 Bursa, 55 Carotenoids (provitamin A), dietary Circulation, 36, 167 muscles, usage, 328f location, 55 phases, 72-73 Bursal sac, trauma, 383 sources, 99t exercise, effects, 217f relaxation massage, usage, 166-167 Bursitis, 304-305, 360-361 Carpal dislocations, 367 massage, impact, 36 relief position, 330f-331f Achilles bursitis, 390-391 Carpal tunnel syndrome, 310, 368-369 Circulatory system, 214-219 retraining program, 332 causes, 55 massage methods, 214 rhythm, sensation, 166 diagnosis, 361 massage strategies, 369 treatment, 214-219 shoulder movement, 328 illustration, 390f symptoms, 369 vasodilators/constrictors, influence, sleep-disordered breathing, 327 irritation, impact, 304 treatment, 369 stress reduction, usage, 166-167 massage strategies, 305, 361 Cartilage, 47, 55 211 therapeutic massage, usage, 73 prepatellar bursitis, 383-384 arthritic degeneration, 56f Clavicle Breathing function retrocalcaneal bursitis, 390-391 capacity, 55 assessment, 330f-331f signs/symptoms, 304-305 creation, cells (impact), 55 collarbone, 363 improvement, 166 tendonitis, contrast, 360 damage, 55 fractures, 364f methods/sequences, usage, 330 treatment, 361 fibrocartilage, components, 55 hand placement, 219 overview, 71 Buttock area, massage (requirement), self-lubrication, 55 rhythmic compression, 220f treatment, 330f-331f tear, 384 Claw foot (pes cavus), 399 Breathing pattern disorder, 73b, 326-332 261 Catching, 91-92 Client goals, massage application, 23 assessment procedures, 328-329 Buttock pain, illustration, 375f example, 92f Clinical reasoning process, 131-132 massage protocol, 330-332 Buttock pull, 374 primary movement, 88 fact gathering, 131 signs/symptoms, 327b visual/auditory tracking, Clonic cramps/spasms, 291 treatment procedures, 329-332 massage strategies, 374 Closed kinetic chain, full body Broad-based compression C requirement, 92 application Caffeine, 100 Cauliflower ear, 340 pronation (multiplanar synchronized joint motion), 63 forearm, usage, 180f avoidance, 114 appearance, 340 Closure assessment, 155f leg, usage, 180f IOC banned substance, 100 massage strategies, 340 Clothing, considerations, 260-262 force, usage, 216-217 research, 100 medical treatment, 340 Cluster headaches, occurrence, 341 Broadening contraction, 31f usage, 100 Celecoxib, usage, 317 Co-contraction, occurrence, 58-59 Broken ankle, 394 Calf Cell division (promotion), growth Cold diagnosis, difficulty, 394 compression, forearm (usage), 20 applications, usage, 264b massage strategies, 394 cramps, 389 hormone (impact), 28 effects, 264 Broken cheekbone, 339 Cellular activity, immobilization Cold areas, 157 massage strategies, 339 massage strategies, 389 near-touch palpation detection, 156 treatment, 339 muscles (impact), 296 Cold hydrotherapy, applications, 264 Broken collarbone, 363 Center of gravity Cold-related illness, 326 massage strategies, 363 heart pump action, 218 Colds, 321 Broken finger, 369 tightness, 393 reduction, ability, 93 Collagen, 47-48 buddy taping, usage, 369 pull, severity (degrees), 296f safety/productiveness, 93 fibers massage strategies, 369 tissues (displacement), force Central nervous system (CNS) mechanical deformation, massage hypersensitivity, 287 compression (usage), 21 muscle recruitment, 150 (usage), 47 Calluses, 370-371 stimulant, caffeine (impact), 100 passive elements, 67-68 total sensory input, 18 formation, 47 massage strategies, 371 Cerebellum, 29-30 joint stabilization, 47 Cannabinoids, 103 vestibular apparatus, relationship, 30 Cerebrovascular constriction, 327 awareness, decrease, 103 Cervical curves, development, 137 Capsular stretch end-feel, occurrence, Cervical lordosis, 274 Cervical plexus, impingement, 123, 238 145 effects, 310

452 INDEX Collagen (Continued) Connective tissue (Continued) Coronary heart disease (risk increase), Deep transverse friction maturation, 264 massage red meat consumption (impact), application, 184 production, decrease, 47 approach, 31 96 procedure, 184 impact, 36 rehabilitation intervention, 31 Collarbone (clavicle), 363 methods, consideration, 227 Cortisol, 28 broken collarbone, 363 methods, 209 levels (change), massage (impact), Deep vein thrombosis (DVT), 127 bruised collarbone, 363 myofascial methods, 226f 29 factors, 127 nerve impingement, 311 release, long-term stress (impact), occurrence, 127 Colon, flow pattern arrows, 167f normalization, 22 26 Combined loading, 19 patterns, development stress hormones, 28 Degenerative joint disease, 305, 383 (individualization), 227 illustration, 306f examples, 22 pliability, viscoelastic changes, 195 Cortisone, steroid injections, 304, 316 term, usage, 55 Comparative weakness, 277 properties, 276f Counterforce, application, 199f treatment, 307 Compartment syndrome, 388-389 sex hormones, impact, 35 Counterirritation, 30 soft tissue, 61-62 Dehydration, 325-326 acute compartment syndrome, 388 spans, unification, 52 explanation, 30 impact, 325 massage strategies, 388 stretching, 343 hyperstimulation analgesia, 285 targeting methods, examples, 226f Counterpressure, 188 Dehydrochlormethyl testosterone chronic compartment syndrome, thermal influences, 34 application, 189f-190f (Turnibol), 102 388-389 viscoelasticity, soft tissue force, application, 195 (relationship), 31 usage, 188 Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), massage strategies, 389 water, importance, 164 Cracked back, 352 ban, 101 Compensations, occurrence, 60 back brace, usage, 352 Compensatory patterns Connective tissue dysfunction massage strategies, 352 DeLany, J., 3 massage approaches, 34 spondylolysis, 352 Delayed-onset muscle soreness development, 169 myofascial dysfunction, relationship, Cracked wing, 352-353 setup, 169 34-35 fracture, 352-353 (DOMS), 36-37, 290-291 Competition, return (timing), 282 rarity, 29 massage strategies, 353 alleviation, massage (effectiveness), Complete rupture, soft tissue failure, suspicion, 34 Cramping prevention/management, 324 37 277 Consciousness, loss, 336 term, usage, 134 avoidance, 291 Complex carbohydrates, ingestion, 97 Contentment, parasympathetic Cramps, 291 exercise-induced DOMS, result, Compression, 174-175, 280 definition, 291 responses, 26-27 heat cramps, 324 213 achievement, 179 Continuous stretching, benefits, 84 occurrence, 324 intensity, 290 deep compression, 179 Continuous training, 82 types, 291 postexercise stiffness, 36-37 depth, 217 Contract antagonist Creatine, 99-100 prevention, 291 direction, 215f ban, 101 shortening, 291 downward movement, 179 example, 198f usage, 99-100 treatment, 215 examples, 177f, 180f stretch, relationship, 197-198 Cross-body work, avoidance, 187 initiation, massage application, 178 Contract-relax-antagonist-contract Cross-directional stretching, 201 recommendations, 291 involvement, 179 procedure, 203 usage, 24 loading, 19 (CRAC), 198 Cross-directional tissue stretching, Deltoid, strains (incidence), 296 examples, 199f Department of Health and Human occurrence, 20 Contract/stretch, 196-197 pull/twist component usage, 203 nerves, 309 procedure, 196-197 Cross-direction tissue stretch, example, Services (HHS), AT definition, 10 sequence, 197f Depression, correlation, 28-29 roots, 310-311 Contracture, 304 203f Depressive disorders, 124 on/off application, 34 complication, 304 Cross-fiber friction, concept, 31 Compressive loads, ligament/tendon Control, sense (regaining), 111 Cross-training, usage, 275 pain/fatigue disorders, combination, Contusions, 292 Cruciate ligament, injury, 382 124 resistance, 174-175 area drainage, 216 Crystalline water (vicinal water), 33 Concentration grades, 292b Cubital tunnel syndrome (funny bone Depth of pressure (compressive force), intermuscular contusions, 292 173-174 increase, guided imagery (usage), intramuscular contusions, syndrome), 365-366 108 Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) examples, 175f occurrence, 292 Dexedrine (stimulant), 102 negative thoughts, impact, 108 lymphatic drain massage protocol, codes, athletic trainer designation, Diabetes, 126 Concentric movements, 233 11 Concentric muscle action, 57 223 Cutting, 92-93 impact, 126 Concussion, 336-339 Cool-down, 82, 273-274 direction, change (requirements), 93 Diaphragm, 61-62 example, 93f activity, return timeframes, 339 characteristics, 82 primary movement, 88 assessment, 244 definition, 336 importance, 274 Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, muscles, 62 delayed signs/symptoms, 336-338 neglect, 273-274 usage, 317 procedure, 246 diagnosis, 338 period, requirement, 82 Cyriax, James (cross-fiber friction release, 244-246 immediate signs/symptoms, 336 Coordinated movement, 140-141 concept), 31 massage strategies, 339 Coordination Cytokines, 38 performing, 247f postconcussion syndrome, 338-339 kinesiology element, 46 D symptoms, 244 rest/recovery, 338 loss, fluid/electrolyte disturbances Daily routine, pace (change), 112 Diastasis, 307-308 signs/symptoms, 336 Deceleration, 58, 88 treatment, 307-308 Conditioning, 74-77 (impact), 104 force reduction, involvement, 74 types, occurrence, 307 strength/conditioning coach, usage, Coping skills, 108 stress, 88 Dichlorfenamide, diuretic, 103 Deconditioning, occurrence, 70 Diet 74 usage, 111 Deep breathing, usage, 219 antiinflammatory diet, 96 Conditioning programs, protocols, 60 Coracobrachialis, range of motion, Deep broad-based massage, impact, 29 balanced diet, consumption, 112 Condition management, 23 Deep compression, 179 evaluation, 99 60 Deep depth of pressure, 175f Dietary advice, problem, 95 goal, 23 Core Deep friction massage, 365 Dietary recommendations, 96 Congenital collagen disorders, 359 Deep inspiration, occurrence, 72 Dietary supplement, FDA standards, Connective tissue, 46-52 exercises, example, 76f Deep lateral hip rotators instability factor, 387 assessment, 251 99 adhesions, 48f movements, sequence, 76f procedure, 251 Dieting recommendations, 96 application, performing, 223 muscles, 351f release, 251 Digestive organs, location, 166f atrophy, 47 stabilization, necessity, 74 performing, 251f Direct application, examples, 210f changes, 148 Core stability symptoms, 251 Direct functional techniques, 209 challenges, 87-88 Deep longitudinal subsystem, 62 indications, reddening areas, 160f misconception, 75 dysfunction, 62 indirect functional techniques, occurrence, 346 Core strength, 74 Deep massage, impact, 24 contrast, 209 components, 46 impact, 60-61 Deep pain, 122 concentration (elevation), friction necessity, 74 Deep somatic tissues, musculoskeletal Direction Core training, 74-77 pain source, 50 example, 176f (application), 183-184 body actions, centralization, 74 movement, 174 dysfunction, chronic health examples, 75 focus, 75 Direction of ease, 198 conditions (impact), 164 strength, relationship, 75 Direct localized tissue stretching, 201b elasticity, benefit, 35 Cornea, scratch, 340 Direct longitudinal stretching, fiber component, 34 Coronary artery disease (CAD), 322 fluid content, alteration, 195 example, 203f focus, 223-228 Direct narrow-based compression, headache friction (combination), 233f-234f massage strategies, 343-344 Direct shaking, 183f symptoms, 341 Direct tissue stretching, 201-204 influences, 31-36 layers, lubrication, 57 tissue targeting, 201 male/female hormones, effects, Direct trauma, 264 35-36 impact, 135 Disabilities, physical activity (benefits), 70

INDEX 453 Disabled, functional recovery Edema, 211 Enkephalins, 28 F (treatment/therapies), 325 hydrostatic pressure, reduction, 287 mood lift, 28 Facial tone, 32 interstitial fluid, presence (factors), release, 26-27 Facilitated segment, sympathetic Discomfort, frequency, 134 211 Disease, posture factor, 136-137 lymphedema, 211 Entrainment mechanisms, disturbance, activation, 158 Disk herniation, 311 presence, 218 34 Fallen arches (flat feet), 394-395 traveler’s edema, 212-213 Fascia (fasciae), 49-52 massage treatment, 311 Entrapment, 309 occurrence, 311 Edge of table test, 247 result, 310 arrangement, 49 symptoms, 311 Effleurage (gliding/stroking), 179 biomechanical model, 31-32 Dislocated knee, 382 Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, 359 Environment considerations, 260-262 connection, 50f-51f massage strategies, 382 Elasticity, 84 Ephedra, 101 direct/indirect connections, 35 Dislocated patella, 382 Ephedrine, 101 functions, 49 massage strategies, 382 assessment, skin stretching (usage), lata, 49 pain, 382 157f ban, 101 manipulation, 36 treatment, 382 caffeine, impact, 101 measurement, 33 Dislocated shoulder, 358-359 Elastic tape, stretching/mobility, 269 claims, 101 naming, location, 31-32 diagnosis, 358 Elbow, 363-367 research, 101 problems, 50 massage strategies, 358-359 side effects, 101 shape (change), massage (impact), 50 medical treatment, 358 biceps tendinopathy (tendonitis/ stimulant, 102 shortening, 83 subluxation, 358 tendinosis), 366 Epimysium, 32 stretching/compression, impact, 33 surgery, necessity, 358 Epinephrine, 27-28 trauma, 225-227 Dislocations, 307-308 bone chips, 366 arousal mechanism activation, 27 wrappings, 49 fingers/shoulder joints, involvement, funny bone syndrome (cubital massage, regulating effect, 27 Fascial grooves, gliding, 164f reduction, 80 Fascial layering, classifications 307 tunnel syndrome), 365-366 Equiaxial stretching, usage, 35 incidence, 307 hyperextension, 366 Erythropoietin (EPO), ban, 103 (artificiality), 33-34 occurrence, 307 Little League elbow, 365 Essential oils, 263-266 Fascial restrictions, strain patterns, 34-35 signs/symptoms, 307 pitcher’s elbow, 365 absorption rates, 265 Fascial sheaths surgery, requirement, 307 tennis elbow, 303, 364-365 experience, 265b treatment, 307-308 tip/radioulnar side, compression impact, 263 dysfunction, chronic health x-ray examination, 307 mixture, 265 conditions (impact), 164 Disordered eating, 104 (avoidance), 179 placement, 344 Disorders, occurrence, 319 torn biceps, 366-367 types, 265-266 myofascial approaches, 164 Distortions, 168 triceps tendinopathy (tendonitis/ usage, 259 palpation, 163-164 first-degree distortion, 168 volatility, 263 pliability, 164 second-degree distortion, 168 tendinosis), 366 Eucalyptus, essential oil, 266 Fascial shortening/thickening, 34 third-degree distortion, 168 Elbow-knee symmetry, 47f European Fascia Group, 32 Fascial tissues (manipulation), Diuretics, 102-103 Event massage, 14-15 usage, 102 area, 171f Exercise equiaxial stretching (usage), 35 Dopamine, 27 Electrical activity (evaluation/ absence, impact, 211 Fascial wedgies, 34 increase, massage (impact), 27 aerobic exercise, 81-82 Fascia Research Project, 32 influence, 27 recordation), electromyography by-products, 107 Fascia-targeted techniques, usage, 35 Dorsiflexion, primary movement, (usage), 38 cardiovascular response, 79-80 Fasciitis, 303 Electrolyte disturbances, impact, 104 cool-down, 82 Fast-twitch fibers type IIa, 87 Electromyography (EMG), usage, 38 definition, 77 Drag Elevation, 280 duration, 80-81 characteristics, 79 Embolus, separation, 127 effectiveness (decrease), training Fast-twitch fibers type IIb, definition, 174 Emotional reactions, management, production, 176f 111 length (impact), 74 characterization, 79 Drag, decrease, 287 Emotional stress, impact, 59 excellence, desire, 23 Fat, term (meaning), 134 Draping Empty end-feel, 145 frequency, 81 Fatigue, 273 considerations, 260-262 Endangerment sites, 129 heart rate, training range, 71 looseness, 261 nerves/blood vessels, location, 129 initiation, slowness, 70 syndromes, 123-124 reasons, 260 End-feel, 145 intensity, 80 Fats, ingestion (problem), 97 Draw-in maneuver, 76f abnormal end-feel, 145 Feet, 394-400 recommendation, 77 boggy end-feel, occurrence, 145 basis, overload principle, 80 Drugs, ban, 101-103 empty end-feel, 145 result, 80 athletic shoe, selection, 399b Duration, manipulation, 174 muscle spasm end-feel, occurrence, intensity, increase, 77 black toenails, 397 Dynamic flexibility, 83 lactic acid, relationship, 36 broken toe, 396 Dynamic stretching, 194 145 physiologic changes, 79-80 bunions, 400 Dynorphins, 28 normal end-feel, 145 program, 80-82 experience, 400b mood lift, 28 types, 145 initiation, 74 fallen arches (flat feet), 394-395 Dysfunction Endocannabinoid (eCB), 28-29 physical examination, importance, hallux valgus, 400 functional stress, 168 pain-inhibiting chemical, 287 heel spur, 398 functional tension, 168 physiologic process regulation, 28 73 heel stress syndrome, 398 musculoskeletal system, connective stimulation, 36 rehabilitation, necessity, 54 massage, examples, 396f system, involvement, 35 respiratory response, 80 medial calcaneal nerve, tarsal tunnel tissue changes, 168 Endocrine abnormalities, tolerance, 98 occurrence, 119 warm-up, 81 syndrome/entrapment, 398-399 range of motion, limitation, commonness, 104 Exercise-induced DOMS, result, metatarsalgia, 395 Endomysium, 32 metatarsal stress fracture, 395-396 146-147 Endorphins, 28 213 Morton’s foot, 395 E Exercise-induced protection, biological Morton’s syndrome, 398 Ears, cauliflower ear, 340 athlete recognition, 287 pes cavus (claw foot), 399 Ease impact, 107 mechanism, 323 plantar fasciitis, 303, 397-398 mood lift, 28 Expiration pronation, 395 area, movement, 210f release, 285-286 structural abnormality, stress, 394 direction, 198 Endurance, 77 forced expiration, muscles (usage), supination, 395 Ease/indirect methods, 209 athletes 72 toe tendinopathy, 398 Eating disorders, 103-105 turf toe, 397 athletic participation, association, caffeine, usage, 100 quiet expiration, passive action, 72 Female athletes, massage work, 261 high-carbohydrate diet, usage, 97 Extension Femur fracture, 377-378 103 eating disorders, impact, 104 massage strategies, 378 endocrine abnormalities, kinesiology element, 46 primary movement, 87 Fiber components, stretching methods loss, fluid/electrolyte disturbances sagittal plane, 61f commonness, 104 Extensor patterns, 196 (impact), 227 manifestation, 104 (impact), 104 External hip rotation, 143f-144f Fibroblasts massage professional identification, Energy External range of motion, reduction, cellular network support, 33 104 expenditure, 77 205 cyclic stretching, impact, 38 muscle power/endurance problems, functional implications, 79 External rotation, example, 61f stimulation, 50 generation, 99 Extracellular body fluid, 211 Fibrocartilage, components, 55 104 requirement, 77 Eyes Fibrosis, 53 prevalence, studies, 104 systems Fibrotic change, 47-48 types, 104 guarding, 340 Fibrotic joint capsule, massage (usage), Eccentric muscle action, 58 activation, 78 movement metabolic systems, 77-78 54 usage, 79 breathing, relationship, 195-196 Fibrotic tissue, adhesions transfer, requirement, 75 examples, 197f usage, 73-74 usage, example, 196f (development), 34 Energy-based modalities, usage, 278-279

454 INDEX Fibrous adhesions, impact, 227 Force (Continued) Functional movement (Continued) Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) synthesis, Fibularis tendons (peroneal tendons), couples, 61 strategies, 87-88 stimulation, 50 production (acceleration), usage, basis, 86 dislocation, 394 74 components, 87 Golfer’s wrist, 367 massage strategies, 394 reduction (deceleration), usage, 74 massage strategies, 367 symptoms, 394 stability, 53, 53f Functional strength, development, 63 Fight-or-flight response (sympathetic Functional stress, dysfunction, 168 Golfing Forced expiration, muscles (usage), 72 Functional tension, dysfunction, 168 assessment/history, 405-409 dominance) Forearm Functional training, 74 analysis, 406 overbreathing, impact, 71 case study, 404-409 ventilation, increase, 73b broad-based compression, usage, design, 74 long-term goals, 406 Figure skating 180f Functional units, muscles (interaction), massage frequency/duration, 406 assessment, 421-424 objective assessment, 405 case study, 421-424 compression, example, 177f 139 short-term goals, 406 interview/goals, 421-422 usage, 205 Functioning, distortions, 168 subjective assessment, 405 physical assessment, 422 Forearm-leg symmetry, 47f treatment goals, development, 406 quantifiable goals, 422 area, 171f measurement/categorization, 168 quantitative goals, 422 Form closure/stability, 53f Function movements, 88b Golgi tendon receptor, massage treatment plan, 422 Form stability, 53 Fundamental movement skills, 87-88 (impact), 29 Findley T.W., 3 Forward-tilting pelvis (anterior pelvis), Fingers categories, 87 Gravity broken finger, 369 274 Fungal infections, 126, 321 center, movement, 189f-190f dislocation, 307, 369 Fractures, 362 Funny bone syndrome (cubital tunnel deceleration, muscles (eccentric jammed fingers, 369-370 function), 60-61 joint traction, 236f-237f acute bone fractures, 308 syndrome), 365-366 impact, 75 sprained finger, 371 blowout fracture, 339-340 massage strategies, 366 trigger finger, 370 complete healing, 309 pain, 365 Gripping, term (usage), 134 First-degree distortion, 168 femur fracture, 377-378 treatment, 366 Groin area muscles Fish, red meat contrast, 96 healing, support (massage Furniture, support, 137 Fitness Furosemide, diuretic, 103 assessment, 251 achievement, 77 application), 309 G procedure, 251 attainment, 70-71 legs, 392 Gait cycle (walking/running), 88-91 release, 251 balance, upset, 10 scaphoid fracture, 367 aspects, 88 concept, 17 stress fractures, 308-309 assessment, 154 performing, 252f continual performance, impact, 23 symptoms, 251 importance, 70 legs, 392 findings, interpretation, 154 Groin pull, 373 improvement, 79 trapezium fracture, 367 information, 154 massage strategies, 373 level, elevation, 77 types, 308f disruption, 154 treatment, 373 lifestyle, 9 zygomatic fractures, illustration, examples, 91f Ground reaction force, 189f-190f maintenance, 81 muscle testing, intervention tool, Ground substance, 31-32 outcomes, 23 340f fibers, approach, 34 performance, contrast, 9-12 Free nerve endings/receptors, 155 passive elements, 67-68 protocols, 60 patterns, analysis, 155 presence, 46 training frequency, 81 awareness, 32 Gait patterns pressure/agitation, usage, 34 Flat back posture, 140f Free radical-mediated cardiac injury, addressing, 260 squeezing/refilling effects, 32-33 Flat feet (fallen arches), 394-395 importance, 92 synthesis, stimulation, 50 Flexibility, 39-40, 193-194 protection (improvement), 323 Gait reflexes thixotropic method, 34 ability, 83-84 Frequency, 81 correction, 274 Growth hormone, 28 definition, 193 disruption, 153 cell division promotion, 28 program, components, 84 fitness training, 81 Gait speed, increase, 91 Guarding, 54-55 training (stretching), 39, 83-84 rate, 174 Gait stride, shortening, 246 cause, 59 Flexion Friction, 179, 182-184 Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), muscle guarding, 292 primary movement, 87 deep movements, 182 process, involvement, 300 sagittal plane, 61f examples, 185f pain-inhibiting chemical, 287 response (management), massage Flexor patterns, 196 mechanical approach, application, Gamma hydroxybutyrate, illegality, 101 Flu (influenza), 321 Ganglion, 368 (usage), 306 Fluid pressure headache 183-184 Guided imagery, 112 massage strategies, 341-343 movement, 182-183 massage strategies, 368 symptoms, 341 problem, 368 usage, 108 Fluids performing, 182 Gastrocnemius, function, 386 H circulation, lymphatic drain massage production, 184 Gastroenteritis, 321 Habit, posture factor, 136-137 usage, modification, 182 Gate control theory (pain), 286f Habitual behavior, 263 (impact), 212 Frictioning, duration, 31 Gauss Hair, considerations, 260-262 distribution, stimulation, 52 Friction massage dependence, 267 Hallux vagus, 400 disturbances, impact, 104 method, 177 measurement, 267 dynamics, 209-211 rehabilitation, 31 surface gauss rating, 267 massage strategies, 400 Fritz, S., 3 General constitutional application, 119 Hamstrings athlete experience, 214-215 Frontal headache, 341 General contraindications/cautions inflammation, relationship, 211 Frostbite, 326 assessment, 240 intake, importance, 97 local tissue destruction, 326 (massage), 125 dysfunction pattern, 376 movement, 36-37, 211 Frozen shoulder (adhesive capsulitis), Genitals, massage interference, 261 injury treatment, 377 integration, 222 Geranium, essential oil, 266 massage strategies, 376 nerve impingement, 311 362 German chamomile, essential oil, palpation, 162f pressure gradients, impact, 19 massage strategies, 362 procedure, 240 squeezing/compression, benefits, 37 movement, restriction, 362 265-266 pull, 375-377 tension, 211 risk factors, 362 Gestures, 133-134 rehabilitation, 375-376 Focus narrow-based compression, treatment, 362 release, 240 233f-234f Full-body lymphatic drain massage meaning, 133 Folliculitis, 126 limbs, phase, 221-222 Girdles, axial skeleton attachment, 170 performing, 242f Football protocol, 219-222 Gliding, 174, 179-181 shortness, treatment, 376-377 camp breaks, 420 torso sliding, 161f case study, 418-421 effleurage, 179 strain, 375-377 condition, analysis, 419-421 decongesting/draining, 219-221 examples, 180f history update, 419 preparation, 219 incidence, 296 physical assessment, 419 Full-body massage forearm, impact, 180f prevention, 376-377 preseason game, 420 application, 348 strokes, direction, 215f symptoms, 240 Force influence, 38 Global muscles, 61 tear, 375-377 change, 77 Full body pronation, multiplanar outer unit, joint crossing, 62 sensation, 375 closure/stability, 53f synchronized joint motion, 63 Glucocorticoids test, 351f compression, usage, 21 Function, deterioration, 141 effects, 316 Hand, 369-371 Functional biomechanics, 63 immune system interference ability, blisters, 370 assessment, 168 broken finger, 369 problems, analysis (guidelines), 316 broken hand, 369 stress hormones, 28 calluses, 370-371 171-172 Glucocorticosteroids, 103 jammed finger, 369-370 Functional breathing problems, systemic use, prohibition, 103 ski pole thumb, 370 Glucosamine, 100 sprained finger, 371 assessment, 71 claims, 100 sprained thumb, 371 Functional compartments, 237f-238f Gluteus maximus, action, 57 Functional long leg, presence, 356 Gluteus medius, posterior fibers, 62 Functional movement Glycogen, depletion rate (decrease), 80 development, 87 patterns, 60-61

INDEX 455 Hand (Continued) Heat-related illnesses, 323-326 Homeopathic remedies, 267 Immune system tendon tears, 370 cooling, importance, 326 preparation, 267 interference, glucocorticoids trigger finger, 370 massage implications, 326 (impact), 316 usage, 205 transport, 326 Homeopathy, 259 suppression, 286 treatment, 326 Homeostasis (maintenance), proteins Hand-foot symmetry, 47f Impingement, 30-31, 238, 309-310 area, 171f Heat-shock proteins, 323 (importance), 323 types, 309 increase, 322 Horizontal shoulder adduction, Hard swelling, sensation, 127 Impingement syndrome, 123, Hard tissues, 46 Heatstroke, 324-325 degrees, 143f-144f 360-361 Harm, potential, 25 death, reduction, 325 Hormones Head evolution, slowness, 325 massage strategies, 361 prevention, 325 band, 103 rotator cuff, squeezing, 360 injury, 336-344 risk, 325 impact, 103 signs, 360-361 trauma, result, 336 signs, 323b ingestion, 102 treatment, 361 Headaches, 341-344 threat, 324 Hot areas, 156 Implants, massage interference, 25 causes, 341, 344 warning signs, 325 near-touch palpation detection, 156 Inappropriate training, 273 cluster headaches, occurrence, 341 Hot/cold areas, near-touch palpation occurrence, 260 connective tissue headache, Heavy, term (meaning), 134 Incision (wound), 293 Heavy percussion, 182 detection, 156 Indirect application, examples, 210f symptoms, 341 Heel spur, 398 Human chorionic gonadotropin Indirect functional techniques, 209 factors, 341 direct functional techniques, fluid pressure headache, symptoms, massage strategies, 398 (HCG), ban, 103 treatment, 398 Human growth hormone (HGH), ban, contrast, 209 341 Heel stress syndrome, 398 pelvis rotation, 252 frontal headache, 341 massage strategies, 398 103 terms, variation, 209 massage Helichrysum, essential oil, 266 Hyaluronic acid, occurrence, 316-317 Indirect joint method, examples, Hemoglobin, oxygen extraction Hydration, usefulness, 326 examples, 342f-343f Hydrokinetics, 211 236f-237f strategies, 341-344 (increase), 81 Hydrostatic pressure, 211 Indirect trauma, 264 migraine headache, 341 Hemophilia, hereditary disease, 127 Infections, list, 321b muscle headaches, symptoms, 341 Heredity, posture factor, 136-137 effects, 216f Inflammation, 320-322 occipital headache, 341 Herniated disk, 352 reduction, 287 self-help, 344 Herpes simplex virus (HSV), 321 Hydrostatic weighing, usage, 98 body response, 320 tension headache Hydrotherapy, 7, 263 chemicals, release, 183 cause, 341 infection, 126 adjunct therapy, 259 chronic inflammation, 278 symptoms, 341 High ankle (forward sprain), 393-394 cold hydrotherapy, applications, treatment High ankle sprain, 297, 307 disorders, relationship, 122t medications, usage, 341 264 fluid dynamics, relationship, 211 NSAIDs, usage, 341 illustration, 299f effects, heat/cold/ice applications impact, 211 vascular headache, symptoms, 341 High blood pressure (treatment), injury, impact, 320-321 Head massage, usage, 82 (usage), 264b massage Healing diuretics (usage), 102 heat hydrotherapy, applications, enhancement, visualization (usage), High blood pressure treatment implications, 322 264 usage, 120 281-282 beta blockers, usage, 103 massage, combination, 263 modulation, endocannabinoid time, 279-280 High-carbohydrate diet, usage, 97 Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), Healing mechanisms High-density lipoprotein (HDL) system (involvement), 35 generation, inflammation (impact), 40 occurrence, 37 cholesterol, blood levels (increase), benefits, 41 processes 120 71 Hyperextended elbow, 366 manifestation, 13 massage strategies, 366 impact, 120 Health compromise, continual High-density lipoprotein (HDL), risk pain/swelling, 366 phases, 277 factor, 70-71 Hyperextended knees (swayback reduction, endocannabinoid performance (impact), 23 Health Resources Services High-potassium foods, benefits, 97 knees), 274 (impact), 35 High-power performance Hyperirritability (cessation), pressure regeneration/repair, 264 Administration (HRSA), AT remodeling, 278 definition, 10 (improvement), creatine (usage), techniques (usage), 232 stages, 277-278 Healthy diet 100 Hypermobility, 429-433 treatment, steroid injections (usage), components, 96 Hip extension Hyperstimulation analgesia, 30 food elimination, 96 action, completion, 57 316 Heart muscle firing pattern, examples, counterirritation, 285 trigger, 320-321 conditioning, 71 production, 30 Inflammatory cytokines (expression disease, risk factors, 70-71 150-151 Hyperthermia, 323 rhythms, abnormalities (prevention), muscle testing, example, 146f Hypoglycemia, 36 reduction), massage (impact), Hips, 373-374 Hypomobility (joint movement 38 81 abduction, muscle firing patterns, Inflammatory process, impact, 211 unconditioned heart, strain (risk), limitation), 154 Inflare, 252 151 Hypothalamus (stimulation), vestibular Influenza (flu), 321 73-74 abductors, stretching, 206 Informed consent form, example, Heart disease, impact, 211 arthrosis, 373 balance (impact), 30 14f Heart rate Hypothermia, 323 Inhale to exhale ratio, 72 massage strategies, 373 I Injury increase treatment, 373 Ibuprofen, usage, 317 acute phase, 300 dehydration, impact, 325 Bo Jackson injury (avascular Ice, 280 adjustment, 110 warm-up, impact, 81 assessment, 277 necrosis), 373 applications, usage, 264b performing, 133 monitors, availability, 71 broken hip, 373-374 effects, 264 athlete response, importance, 108 training range, 71 buttock pull, 374 usage, contraindications, 264 classification, 264 Heart rate variability (HRV), 38 flexion, degrees, 143f-144f Ideal performance state, 108 education, usage, 111 Heat flexors, stretching, 205 definition, 108 emotional reactions, management, acclimation, 325 hyperextension, degrees, 143f-144f Iliotibial band (ITB) syndrome, 374, applications, usage, 264b iliotibial band syndrome, 374 111 buildup (acceleration), stimulants osteoarthritis, 373 383 experience, 111b massage strategies, 374, 383 feeling, 108 (impact), 325 massage strategies, 373 Iliotibial tract, 49 grading, 299 cramps, 324 treatment, 373 friction syndrome, illustration, 374f healing pain, illustration, 375f Illness, 273, 278-279 painfulness, 324 pointer, 374 healing time, 279 taxation, 119 effects, 264 massage strategies, 374 massage, appropriateness, 278-279 time, 279 exhaustion, 324 rotation, oval pattern, 154 occurrence, 119 inflammatory response, 47-48 History, 133 pathogenic invasion, involvement, inversion injury, 297 result, 324 interview, 133 lifestyle, impact, 263 hydrotherapy, application, 264 Hitting, 91-92 278 location, identification (importance), illness, heat/humidity combination example, 92f recovery, expectations, 264 primary movement, 88 therapeutic massage, indication, 119 300 (impact), 325 visual/auditory tracking, Imagery, usage, 265 long-term rehabilitation, rash (prickly heat), 323-324 Immune function, 320 requirement, 92 decrease, overtraining (impact), 74 requirement, 110 sensation, 323-324 Holding position, 178 massage massage, application, 110-111 stress, level, 325 meanings, 108 syncope (heat collapse), 324 examples, 178f implications, 320 negative impact, 109 involvement, 178 indications, 320 physical fatigue, association, 324 Holes, 299 support, massage intervention, 320 transfer, factors, 346 healing, 299 Immune response, increase, 22

456 INDEX Injury (Continued) J Joints (Continued) Kinetic chain (kinetic link), concept, occurrence, 119 Jackson, Bo, 373 stability, 53 46 cardiorespiratory fitness, decrease, Jammed finger, 369-370 determination, 53 280 stabilization, collagen (impact), 47 Kneading, 174, 181 outcome, secondary gain, 110 healing, slowness, 370 stacking, closed packed position, assessment usage, 160f potential, increase, 273 massage strategies, 370 188 benefit, 181 prevention, 275 occurrence, 369-370 importance, 188 example, 181f reactions, factors, 110 Jaw, breakage, 340 stress, deceleration (impact), 88 pétrissage, 179 recovery, prolongation, 266 Joint capsules support systems, 62 usage, 21, 160, 218 remodeling phase, 301-303 adhesions/tightening, massage surgery (invasiveness), arthroscopy wringing/twisting component, 181 signs, 277 (impact), 314 sport psychology, relationship, (impact), 55-56 swelling (occurrence), inflammation Knees, 378-387 108-110 fibrotic characteristic, massage (impact), 53-54 anterior/posterior cruciate ligament subacute phase, 300-301 synovial joints, compression/ injury, 382 therapeutic massage, indication, 119 (usage), 54 decompression generation, 55 arthrosis, 383 treatment, 273 fluid, accumulation, 54-55 warming, lubrication (increase), 81 massage strategies, 383 strategies, 300-303 looseness, exercise rehabilitation Baker’s cyst (popliteal cyst), 384 Joint sprain (hypermobility/lax degenerative joint disease, 383 Injury rehabilitation (necessity), 54 ligament syndrome) dislocated patella, 382 continuation, 280 outer layer, thickening/fibrosis, 53 dislocation, 382 emotional demands, management, pain sensitivity, 50 assessment, 430-433 extension, muscle firing patterns, 111 pathology, 53-55 case study, 429-433 152 impact, 109 swelling, treatment, 54 clinical reasoning, 430-431 flexion, 143f-144f initiation, 108 Jointed area, movement muscle condition management, 431 muscle firing patterns, 151 treatments, 280 decision making, 431 muscle testing, example, 146f activation sequence, 152 interpretation, 430-431 iliotibial band (ITB) syndrome, 383 Insomnia, 113 Joint movement interventions, 431 injury, 378f, 380f-381f causes, 113b interview/goals, 430 massage, 384-387 prevalence, increase, 113 examples, 186f muscle testing, 430 joint usage/abuse, consideration, 67 hand placement, importance, 186 observation, 430 jumper’s knee, 379-380 Inspiration initiation, 187 palpation, 430 ligaments, sprains, 380f-381f deep inspiration, occurrence, 72 ligament stretch, 48 physical assessment, 430 loose body, 382-383 quiet inspiration, occurrence, 72 limitation (hypomobility), 154 qualitative goals, 431 massage strategies, 383 limits, 144-145 quantitative goals, 431 massage Instability, control, 74 methods, 185-187 reassessment, 432-433 applications, 387 Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), therapeutic change, 431 examples, 385f-386f effectiveness, 185 treatment Osgood-Schlatter disease, 383 ban, 103 sequence, 187 osteoarthritis, 383 Integrated fluid movement, 222 types, 185-187 plan development, 430-431 massage strategies, 383 muscle activation sequence, 152 regimen, 431 pain, massage, 384-387 sequence, example, 222f pronation/supination, involvement, Jumper’s knee, 379-380 patellofemoral syndrome, 378-379 Integrated Hypothesis (Simons), 33 massage strategies, 380 prepatellar bursitis, 383-384 Integumentary system, 158 63b treatment, 380 sprained knee, 380-381 Intense activity range of motion, 164 Jumping, 92 sprains, 297 stretching, 201b components, 92 mechanisms, 380f-381f aerobic power, provision, 79 Joint play, 63, 234-235 gait patterns, importance, 92 terrible triad of O’Donohue, 381 duration, 79 reduction, 234 legs, effort, 92 torn cartilage, 384 Intercellular body fluid, 211 Joints length-tension relationship, treatment, 387 Intercompetition massage, 13 active range of motion (ROM), 83 administration, 13 arthrokinematics, 63 importance, 92 Knowledge areas, proficiency, 3 Interfascial water, 32-33 chronic joint injuries, 305-308 muscle firing activator sequence, Kypholordotic posture, 140f Intermuscular contusions, 292 close-packed position, 53 Kyphosis, 274 Internal hip rotation, 143f-144f importance, 92 L Internal oblique muscles, 61-62 list, 54t Juniper berry, essential oil, 266 Laceration (wound), 293-294 Internal rotation, example, 61f compression, result, 34-35 K Lactate, 36 International Olympic Committee connective tissue elasticity, benefits, Ketoprofen, usage, 317 Lactic acid Kicking, 92 (IOC), banned substance list, 35 exercise, impact, 36 100-101 degeneration, 55-56 example, 92f system, 78 Interspinales dislocations, occurrence, 307 gait patterns, importance, 92 Landmarks, 138b assessment, 240-241 dynamic stabilization, muscles length-tension relationship, Large-diameter fibers, stimulation, 30 procedure, 241 Large muscles, activity, 79 release, 240-241 (usage), 57 importance, 92 Latent points, trigger points performing, 242f dysfunction, 68 movements, reliance, 92 symptoms, 240 expansion, sterile fluid (usage), muscle firing activator sequence, (equivalence), 33 Interstitial fluid Lateral ankle sprain, examples, flow, 212 313-314 importance, 92 history components, 218 experience, 57b primary movement, 88 301f-302f increase, inflammation (impact), function style, preference, 92 Lateral flexion, degrees, 143f-144f Kidney disease, impact, 211 Lateral rotation, primary movement, 211 assessment, 139-141 Kinesiology, 46 presence, 211 synovial fluid, necessity, 316-317 definition, 46 87 visual assessment, 218 injuries, 126 elements, 46 Lateral subsystem, 63 volume, increase (assessment), treatment, advances, 315-316 knowledge, requirement, 3 instability, 53 Kinesio taping, 40 composition, 63 218-219 laxity (hypermobility), 154 effects, 40 dysfunction, 63 Interstitial space, extracellular body least-packed positions, list, 54t, 235t elastic tape, usage, 40 Latissimus dorsi ligament attachment, 48 usage, 40 assessment, 241-244 fluid location, 211 lubrication, encouragement, 185 Kinesthesis, 282 procedure, 244 Intertransversarii mechanoreceptors, stimulation, 29 Kinetic chain (kinetic link), 60-67 release, 241-244 midrange, packing, 53 alteration, 64 assessment, 240-241 mobility, motion restriction closed kinetic chain, full body performing, 243f procedure, 241 symptoms, 241 release, 240-241 assessment, 209 pronation (multiplanar tissue creation, 244 mobilization, goals, 56 synchronized joint motion), visual assessment, 241-244 performing, 242f muscle crossing, 137 63 Lavender, essential oil, 266 symptoms, 240 components, 60f Lax ligament syndrome, 429-433 Interval training, 82 stability, importance, 53 influences, 63-64 Left leg, flexors (activation), 155 Intramuscular contusions, occurrence, oscillation, passive joint movement, kinetic chain-related muscle Legs, 387-392 imbalances, development, Achilles bursitis, 390-391 292 186 64-67 Achilles tendinopathy (tendonitis/ Inversion injury, 297 pain, 10, 277 multiplanar movement process, 60 Involuntary muscle contraction, 59 palpation, 164-165 muscle movement pattern, 142 tendinosis), 389-390 Ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) cardiac passive element, 62 network, 60 Achilles tendon rupture, 391 percussion, impact, 182 calf cramps, 389 injury, reduction, 322 play, concept, 53 Ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury, 322 range of motion (ROM), 52b Isometric contraction, 195, 233 Isometric muscle action, 57 excess, 194 Isotonic contractions, 195 measurement, 144 values, 142b counterpressure, 195 receptors, irritation, 53 replacement, 315-316

INDEX 457 Legs (Continued) Lower limbs, blood circulation Marathon running (Continued) Massage (Continued) compartment syndrome, 388-389 improvement, connective tissue observation, 434 post-event recovery massage, 13 fractures, 392 massage (usage), 36 palpation, 434 pre-event massage, 13 massage strategies, 392 physical assessment, 434 pre-performance preparation length, discrepancies, 372 Low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic qualitative goals, 435 strategy, 39 muscle pulls/tears/strains, 389 fields (usage), 40 quantitative goals, 435 promotional massage, 14-15 massage strategies, 389 treatment plan development, regional contraindications, 125 treatment, 389 Low-grade inflammatory response, 434-435 rehabilitation massage, 14 pain, 388 278-279 releases, 235-252 massage strategies, 388 Marfan syndrome, 359 performing, 239f treatment, 388 Lumbar area lift, skin roll examples, Mass, center (midsection), 75 remedial massage, 14 shin splints, 388 159f Massage research, 37-39 stress fractures, 392 evolution, 17 tennis leg, 391-392 Lumbar curves, development, 137 adjunct therapies, 7 rotation loading (torsion loading), tibialis anterior tendon sheath Lumbar lordosis, 274 adverse effects, 25 19 inflammation, 392 Lumbar multifidus, 61-62 application, 110-111 safety, 24-25 tibial stress syndrome, 388 Lumbar pain, 356 scheduling, 262 components, 173-178 shear loading, 19 Lemongrass, essential oil, 266 types, 356 description, 17 somatic influence, 29-31 Length-tension relationship, 59 Lumbar-pelvic-hip complex, 61-62 force generation, 20f, 162f speed, variation, 174 Lumbar plexus, impingement, 123 purpose, 125 sport-specific research, 39-41 grading, 59f Lunate injury, 367-368 bending loading, 19 stories, example, 5b importance, 92 benefits, 24-25, 118 subacute phase, 300 Lever, resistance (examples), 146f massage strategies, 368 blankets/pillows, requirement, 260 success, explanation problems, 24 Lifestyle, 274-275 Luteinizing hormone (LH), ban, 103 body response, 17-22 tension loading, 19 psychological/emotional factors, 275 Luxation, 307 bolsters, requirement, 260 therapeutic forces, application, 264 selection, 275 Lymph career opportunities, 437-438 therapists Ligaments, 48-49 categorization, 13 knowledge requirements, 3b adhesions/tightening, massage circulation, involvement, 212 caution, 125-127 medical support strategies, fluid movement, 36-37 combined loading, 19 110-111 (usage), 55-56 formation, promotion, 37 compression loading, 19 service areas, 6 anterior/posterior cruciate ligament movement, 212 contraindications, 125 therapy, client knowledge, 133 vessels/nodes, 220f counterforce, application, 187 touch, qualities, 173-174 injury, 382 Lymphangions, 212 description, 17 treatment strategies, assessment bone attachment, 48 Lymphangitis, 126 direct application, examples, 210f information (organization), breaking strength, increase, 80 Lymphatic drainage pathways, direction, variation, 287 169-170 compressive loads, resistance, effectiveness, 25, 264 usage schematic, 221f effects rate, increase, 2 174-175 Lymphatic drain massage, 212-213, determination, 17-18 timing, 39 impact, 137 types, 7 injury, 48 218 efficacy, research findings, 24 Massage therapy (MT), study, 38 massage, application, 48-49 cautions, 212 event massage, 14-15 Massage Therapy Body of Knowledge overstretching, 193-194 contraindications, 212, 218 evidence, 17-22 palpation, 164 impact, 212 quality, 18b (MTBOK) terminology, 179b sprains, signs/symptoms, 393 indications, 212-213 experience, 26b Mass reflex, occurrence, 346 Light depth of pressure, 175f methods, 213 fascia-targeted techniques, usage, 35 Mat, massage work, 188 Light percussion, 182 outcome, 221 flexibility, induction, 39-40 Mechanical forces, 174 Light pressure gliding stroke-based principles, 213 force, generation, 20f procedure, 223 forward/downward direction, 188 application, 287 massage, impact, 24 protocol, 223 frequency rate, 174 loading, example, 20f-22f Limbic system, connection, 263-265 full-body massage, influence, 38 production, massage, 19b Limbs, 221-222 examples, 224f-225f general constitutional application, Mechanical injury treatment, 213 factors, 12 axial skeleton attachment, 170 Lymphatic flow (facilitation), strokes 119 trauma, 275-276 bolstering, 223 general contraindications/cautions, Mechanical movement, methods, 216 Linear force, 91 (direction), 214f Mechanical stimulation, 32-33 Linear region, soft tissue failure, 277 Lymphatic movement, 37 125 research results, 33 Little League elbow, 365 genitals, interference, 261 Mechanical stress, excess, 47 massage strategies, 365 muscle inhibition, interference, 67 goals/outcomes, 12-13 impact, 47 rehabilitation, 365 support, Kinesio taping (usage), 40 Mechanoreceptors treatment, 365 Lymphatic pump, 212 objective, 12-13 irritation, 53 Local anesthetics, 103 Lymphatics, location, 213 harm, potential, 25 sensitization, chronic inflammation usage, prohibition, 103 Lymphatic system, 211-212 head massage, usage, 82 Local muscles (musculature) schematic, 221f indications, 119-125 (impact), 278 consideration, 61 Lymphatic vessels, contractions, 212 Medial calcaneal nerve, tarsal tunnel inner unit, example, 62 Lymphedema, 211 list, 119 peripheral joint support system, 62 Lymph nodes, 212 indirect application, examples, 210f syndrome/entrapment, 398-399 soft tissues, 61-62 enlargement, indications, 161 intercompetition massage, 13 massage strategies, 399 Local tissue repair, 22 palpation, 160-161 interference, 25 Medial collateral ligament sprains, 297f Locomotor/moving skills, 87 M interventions, 12t, 299t Medial rotation, primary movement, Longitudinal tissue stretching, 201 Magnetic therapy, 40 tension force, usage, 201-203 Magnets, 7, 267-268 impact, 119 87 Long-term goals, support recovery, 132 adjunct therapy, 259 stages, 121t Medical massage, 14 Long-term rehabilitation, requirement, body wraps, 267 knowledge, increase, 131 Medical status, assessment, 109 ferrite composition, 267 manual therapy, application, 38 Medications, 127-129 110 power, gauss measurement, 267 mechanical forces Long-term stress, cortisol release, 26 therapeutic effects, claims, 267 application, 50 investigation, 114 Long weak muscles, problems, 67 types, availability, 267 loading, examples, 20f-22f side effects (management), massage Loose body usage, 259 production, 19b mechanical responses, 18-22 (usage), 128 bone, 365 scientific support, absence, 40 medical massage, 14 Medications, prescription, 127 knee, 382-383 Ma huang, ephedrine form, 101 medical team approval, 300 Meditation, usage, 7 Low back pain Major failure region, soft tissue failure, methods, 178-184, 214 Medium depth of pressure, 175f muscles, involvement, 354f-355f adaptation, 174 Melanoma (skin cancer), 126-127 psoas, 356-357 277 usage, 14 Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), risk Major League Baseball, drug bans, 101 neuromuscular mechanism, 29 appearance, 126-127 Male athletes, massage work, 261 neurotransmitters, effects, 27 Mennell, John, 53 factor, 70-71 Male hormones, ingestion, 102 orthopedic massage, 14 Menstrual cycle, impact, 211 Lower abdomen/groin, 371-373 Manipulation outcome, effect (consideration), 60 Mental health dysfunctions, types, 123 outcome-based approach, Mental toughness, 108 groin pull, 373 duration, 174 Menthol-based cooling counterirritant osteitis pubis, 372-373 speed variation, 174 presentation, 4-6 sports hernia/athletic pubalgia, Manipulative skills, 87 overmassage, avoidance, 320 ointment, application, 344 Manual therapy, application, 38 pain management, 287-288 Mentors, 3-4 371-372 Marathon running passive application, 260 Lower crossed syndrome assessment, 434-437 experience, 3-4 case study, 433-437 objective, 3-4 flow chart, 66f interpretation, 434-435 illustration, 329f interview/goals, 434 muscle testing, 434

458 INDEX Meridians Multifidi (Continued) Muscles (Continued) Muscle tension fascial pathways, 33 release, 240-241 guarding, 292 development, 59 location, 165f performing, 242f response, 296 grading, 59f symptoms, 209 term, usage, 300 headaches, response, 344 Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), headache increase, emotional/psychological differentiation ability, 315-316 Multiplanar movement massage strategies, 343-344 stress (impact), 59 examples, 61f symptoms, 341 sensation, 163 Metabolic changes, 80 process, 60 imbalance, 68 sustaining, 107 Metabolic demands, understanding, 79 palpation, usage, 149 Metabolic processes (alteration), aging Muscle energy techniques (METs), inhibition, 68 Muscle testing 194-201 impact, 67 analysis, 155 process (impact), 274 stimulation, pulsed muscle energy examples, 146f Metandienone (Dianabol), 102 contract/stretch, 196-197 (example), 199f methods, 147 Metatarsalgia, 395 eyes interactions, pattern (consideration), 155 Muscle tissue massage strategies, 395 movement, usage (examples), 197f kinetic chain-related muscle composition, 57 Metatarsal stress fracture, 395-396 usage, 196f imbalances, development, regeneration, problem, 299 focus, 195 64-67 shortening, 83 massage strategies, 396 full contraction strength, 195 layers Methods, 174 implementation, 206 cross-grain pattern, 162-163 Muscolino, Joe E., 3 Methyltestosterone (Android), 102 integrated approach, 200-201 sliding, 161f Muscular function, description Microcirculation, 217-218 methods, 196-201 lengthening, 56, 201 combination, integrated approach, length-tension relationship, 59 (confusion), 57 increase, 81 grading, 59f Muscular system, development, 141 Microfailure, 277 202f localized treatment, 232 Musculoskeletal pain Microtrauma, 141 usage, 195 motor units, recruitment, 79 voluntary contraction, involvement, movement, neurologic/fascial research, 37-39 occurrence, 141 coordination pattern, 142 sources, 50 repetition, 303 194-195 muscle-specific testing findings, Musculoskeletal system Mid-back pain, 353-356 Muscle fibers 147 connective tissue changes, cause, 353-355 musculovenous pump action, 57 Midsection, balance problem, 75 massage application, 302 nerve endings, 285 dysfunction, 168 Migraine headache, 341 tears, exercise (impact), 38 pain, 122 injuries/dysfunctions, 142 Mimetics, 103 warming, 81 myalgia model, DOMS (usage), strains/sprains, 134 ban, 103 Muscles, 57-60 24 Musculotendinous junction, 48 Mineral imbalance, 294-295 actions, types, 57-58 palpation, 244 term, usage, 161 Mitochondria (stimulation), massage activation compression, importance, Myalgia (muscle pain) model, DOMS 161-162 (impact), 38 restoration, massage (application), hand placement, 162f (usage), 24 Mobility 30 illustration, 162f Myelinated fibers, stimulation, 79-80 paralysis, 346 Myers, Tom, 3, 32 defining sequences, 150, 384 passive stretching, 84 Myofascial dysfunction, connective functional assessment, usage, 168 acute-onset muscle soreness, 290 power, eating disorders (impact), functional biomechanical adjustment, 61 104 tissue dysfunction (relationship), assessment, usage, 168 alteration, 27 progressive muscle relaxation, 112 34-35 area, palpation (involvement), 162 pulling force, collagen transmission, Myofascial meridians, 49 factor, principles, 170 atrophy, 304 47 Myofascial system, 31-33 inadequacy, 75 purpose, 77 Myofascial tissues, inflammation stability, coexistence, 86 identification, 135 recruitment, 150 (reduction), 35 Mobilization, 179 result, 163 reflex control, 52-53 Myofascial trigger points, 33-34 Mobilization with movement, 234 belly reflexive action, 59-60 Myofascial units, 49 examples, 236f-237f hand placement, 162f influence, 59 interconnection, 49 protocol, 235 trigger points, characteristics, 232 relaxation, 56, 214 Myokinetic chain, 32 Momentum, impact, 74 cells relaxers, 317 Myosin, cross-bridges (mechanical Mononucleosis, 321 bundling, 49 resting length, return (elasticity), 84 disruption), 84 Mood temperature, increase, 81 shortening, 311 Myositis, 303 brain chemicals, impact, 107 characteristics/schematics, 58f skeletal injury (repair), surgery meaning, 303 massage, impact, 26 connection, 57 (usage), 25 Myositis ossificans, 127 modulation, 22 contraction, joint flexion, 31 soreness, 290-292 occurrence, 127 Morton’s foot, 395 contracture, 304 movements, impact, 291 N massage strategies, 395 coordinated movement, 140-141 production, 290-291 Nails, appearance, 158 Morton’s syndrome, 398 cramps, 291 spasm, 291 Nandrolone phenpropionate massage strategies, 398 delayed-onset muscle soreness reduction, massage (usage), 310 (Durabolin), 102 treatment, 398 stabilization, 235 Naproxen, usage, 317 Motion (limitation), ankle joint/ (DOMS), 36-37, 290-291 starting position, return, 201 Naps, limitation, 114 differences, 64 stiffness, 290-292 Narcotics, 102 bones/ligaments (impact), 137 dynamic stabilizers, 57 stimulation, pulsed muscle energy Narrow-based compression Motor activity, dopamine (impact), 27 dysfunction (usage), 198 active movement, combination, Motor tone strain causes, 64 grades, 295-296 233f-234f inhibitory effect, deep broad-based rarity, 29 incidence, 296 friction, combination, 233f-234f massage (impact), 29 eccentric function, 60-61 location, example, 297f National Athletic Trainer’s Association elongation, flexibility (relationship), stretching, 343 Motor tone, production, 29 structures, balance (importance), 53 (NATA), 11 Motor unit activation, decrease, 39 83-84 synergistic function, 61 Near-touch palpation, 156-157 Movement, 179 endurance, eating disorders (impact), targeting, core training (usage), 75 Neck, 344-347 tone, 29 degrees, 143f-144f 104 weakness, 274 brachial plexus impingement, 369 energy transfer, requirement, 75 energy broken neck, 345 fundamental skills, 87-88 Muscle strength cervical stenosis, 345 mobilization, 234 approaches, effectiveness, 232 assessment, 145-148 menthol-based cooling muscle activation sequence, 152 generation, 99 development, 59 optimum, factors, 87 fascial separations, 164 grading scale (Oxford Scale), 147b counterirritant ointment, pattern firing patterns, 150-153 indications, 147 application, 344 dysfunction, 150-152 testing peppermint-based cooling assessment, 142 examples, 150b-152b impact, 147 counterirritant ointment, assessment, indication, 152-153 muscle contraction sequence, indications/findings, 147 application, 344 evaluation, 146 pinched nerve, 345 physical capacity (targeting), 150 spastic torticollis, 346 muscle inhibition, 153 spinal cord injuries, 346-347 massage (usage), 87 firing pattern sequences sprained neck, 344 segments/quadrants, 148f abnormality, 68 trapezius triggers, 346 speed, reaction time speed (impact), importance, 92 whiplash, 344-345 function, 235 Negative thoughts, impact, 108 87 assessment, 139-141 Nerves strategies, 87 deterioration, 141 compression, 123 impairment, signs, 68 conductivity, 274 involvement, 88 types, 57-59 Mover muscles, 148 functional movement patterns, group, characterization, 64 60-61 Mucopolysaccharide, 31-32 glycogen, depletion rate (decrease), Multifidi 80 assessment, 240-241 procedure, 241

INDEX 459 Nerves (Continued) Osteitis pubis, 372-373 Pain (Continued) Peak performance entrapment, 123 massage strategies, 372-373 messages attainment, 23 impingement, 30-31, 309-310 pain, increase, 372 nociceptor relay, 285 description, 108 causes, 30 signs/symptoms, 372 spinal cord arrival, 285 peak fitness, contrast, 10-12 pinched nerve, 309 modulation, 22, 26-27 strain, endurance, 10 syndromes, 123 Osteoarthritis endocannabinoid system, injuries, 309-311 joint swelling, 223 involvement, 35 Pectoralis major/minor muscles, connection, 57 term, usage, 55 muscle pain, 122 assessment, 244 root, compression, 310-311 traumatic osteoarthritis, 305 normal injury, 156 procedure, 244 soft tissue, pressure (exertion), 310 pricking pain (bright pain), 121 release, 244 stimulation, 274 Osteochondritis dissecans, 365 receptors performing, 246f Osteochondrosis, 305 irritation, 53 symptoms, 244 Nervous system Outcome goals, 132 stimulation, chronic inflammation endangerment sites, 128f (impact), 278 Pectoral muscles, massage, 330f-331f massage, impact, 18, 287 qualification, 132 reduction, effects, 125 Pelvic floor muscles, 61-62 organization, 285f quantification, 132 referred pain, 309 Pelvic rotations Outer unit musculature, subsystems, illustration, 158f Neumann, D., 3 scales, usefulness, 122 anterior rotation, correction, Neurochemicals, massage (impact), 62 sensation, 286, 309 256f-257f Outflare, 252 description, 286 28 somatic pain, 120 assessment, 255f Neuroendocrine chemicals, 27-29 correction, 257 syndromes, 123-124 corrective methods, 256f-257f Overbreathing (breathing dysfunction) threshold, 120 Pelvis alignment list, 27 tolerance, 120 assessment, 252 Neuroendocrine regulation, 25-29 impact, 71 trigger, substance P (release), 26-27 procedure, 252 patterns, 71 types, 121-122 release, 252 fluctuation, 26 Overexercise, impact, 211 visceral pain, 120 symptoms, 252 Neuromuscular activity, increase, Overfat, definition, 98 Pelvis rotation (indirect functional Overload principle, 80 Pain-inhibiting chemicals, 287 134 Overmassage, avoidance, 320 Pain-spasm-pain cycle, 122f technique) Neuromuscular control, 282 Overpressure, 145 assessment, 252 Overtraining creation, 122 procedure, 252 overview, 65f factor, 389-390 Pain-suppressing chemicals, usage, 286 release, 252 Neuromuscular efficiency signs, 290 Paired functional areas, 315 symptoms, 252 syndrome, 290 Palliative care, 23-24 Peppermint, essential oil, 266 development, 63 Overtraining, impact, 74 Palpating bind, 193b Peppermint-based cooling impact, 60-61 Overuse Palpation Neuromuscular function microtrauma, repetition, 303 counterirritant ointment, muscle length-tension relationship, problems, 140 abdominal viscera, 165-166 application, 344 syndrome, suggestion, 133 assessment, 155-168 Percussion (tapotement), 179, 182 interface, 22 tendinopathies, 322 classifications, 182 normalcy, encouragement, 306 trauma (chronic trauma), 264 usage, 156 effectiveness, 182 Neuromuscular techniques, 229 Overweight, definition, 98 body rhythms, 166-168 examples, 184f Neuromuscular therapy, 228 Oxandrolone (Oxandrin), 102 bones, 165 focus, 182 Neurotransmitters, effects, 27 Oxford Scale, muscle strength grading fascial sheaths, 163-164 heavy percussion, 182 Neutralizers, 58 joints, 164-165 light percussion, 182 Nicotine, avoidance, 114 scale, 147b ligaments, 164 stimulation, 182 Nightmares, experience, 246b Oxygen extraction, increase, 81 lymph nodes, 160-161 Performance Nociceptors (nerve endings), 284 Oxymetholone (Anadrol), 102 methods, 160 definition, 9 stimulus detection, 285 Oxytocin, 28 near-touch palpation, 156-157 enhancement, 23 Noncontractile soft tissues, fibrous skeletal muscles, 161-163 requirements, 23 increase, massage (impact), 28 skin, 157-159 fitness, contrast, 9-12 adhesions (impact), 227 P impact, 23 Non-locomotor/stability skills, 87 Pain, 284-287 surface, 157 improvement, creatine (usage), 100 Nonparticipant status, coping, 111 superficial connective tissue, nutrition, goals, 96f Nonspecific shoulder pain/ aching pain, 122 objectives, 9-10 acute injury, 156 159-160 optimum, massage usage (timing), dysfunction, massage therapy acute pain tendons, 163 (study), 38 vessels, 160-161 39 Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs differences, 286-287 Paralympics, competition, 325 peak performance, 23 (NSAIDs), 317 management, 123 Paraplegia, 346 recovery, 23 Norepinephrine, reduction, 80 alleviation Parasympathetic balance, 169-170 support/harm, 17 Norepinephrine/noradrenaline, low-frequency pulsed Parasympathetic dominance, 71 Performance-enhancing drugs, Major 27-28 patterns, 170 massage, regulating effect, 27 electromagnetic fields, usage, Parasympathetic nervous system League Baseball ban, 101 terms, interchangeability, 27 40 Periaqueductal grey, localized Normal end-feel, 145 methods, 122-123 activity, increase, 39 North Pole, yin, 268 assessment, VAS (usage), 24 Passive elements, components, 67-68 activation, 195 Nose, breakage, 339 brain response, 286 Passive flexibility, 83 Perimysium, 32 Numbing, description, 134 burning pain, 121 Passive joint movement Periosteum, 48-49 Numbness, 277 cause, scalene muscle contraction Nutrition, goals, 96f (impact), 238 care, 143 connective tissue sheath, 49 Nutritional antioxidants, 99 chronic condition, 156 examples, 186f ligaments, weaving, 49 Nutritional supplements, 98-101 chronic pain initiation, 221 pain sensitivity, 50 O differences, 286-287 joint oscillation, 186 tendons, blending, 49 Obesity, problems, 98 management, 123 performing, 143 Periostitis, 308 Obliques, inhibition, 75 components, involvement, 284 usage, 184 Peripheral nerves, 284-285 Occipital base, release, 239 control, 114 Passive tissue movement, impact, 50 fiber, repair, 310f performing, 210f correlation, 28-29 Patella Peripheral nervous system (somatic Occipital headache, 341 decrease, deep massage (usage), 24 breakage, 382 Old scars, 294 deep pain, 122 dislocation, 382 division), massage (effects massage, photographs, 295f defining, 284 movement, 379 processing), 29 Open wounds, 127 endorphins, 287 Patellar injuries, 379f Peripheral somatic nerves, mechanical Opposite arms/legs, massage, 260 evaluation, 120-123 Patellar tendonitis, 54-55 pressure (reduction), 287 Orthopedic massage, 14 experience, 124b, 284 Patellar tracking, alteration, 379 Permeability, 216 definition, 14 gate control theory, 286f Patellofemoral syndrome, 378-379 Peroneal tendons (fibularis tendons), Orthopedic tests, 143-144 indicators, nonverbal behaviors, 122 diagnosis, 379 dislocation, 394 reason, 143-144 inflammation, impact, 134 injury, result, 378-379 Perpendicularity, 188 stress area assessment, 144 location massage strategies, 379 importance, 188 types, 144 categories, 121 pain, 378 Perpetuating factors, trigger point Oscillation, 181-182 impact, 286 Pathologic barrier, 145 development, 229 examples, 183f management, 111, 120-123 types, 194 Personal motivation, identification, 2 focus, 182 massage, strategies, 287-288 Pathology, knowledge (requirement), 3 Perspiration, body odor, 261 on/off methods, 34 massage, usage, 287-288 Pathomechanics, 274 Pes cavus (claw foot), 399 Osgood-Schlatter disease, 383 massage, usage, 120-123 massage strategies, 399 massage strategies, 383 medications, 133 Pétrissage (kneading), 179 Pharmacology, 313, 317

460 INDEX Phasic muscles (mover muscles), Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections, Prickly heat (heat rash), 323-324 Quadratus lumborum 147-148 317 Primary movements, 87 assessment, 250 pain, 356 action, 148 procedure, duration, 317 examples, 88b sensation, 356 group, characterization, 64 usage, 317 Proactive muscle, injury guard, 29 procedure, 250-251 lengthening/stretching, 149 Point holding, painkiller release, Problems, analysis (guidelines), release, 250-251 tension/shortness, 148 performing, 250f weakening, 148 26-27 171-172 symptoms, 250 Phenylpropanolamine (Acutrim), Popliteal cyst (Baker’s cyst), 384 Professional athletes Positional release Quadriceps stimulant, 102 definition, 9 bruising, 377 Phosphagen system, 78 application, 348 misconceptions, 6 pull/tear/strain, 377 description, 198 number, 6 massage strategies, 377 energy supply, 78 positioning, usage, 198-199 Professional practice, building (reality), Phosphocreatine (PCr), involvement, procedure, 199-200, 332 Quadriplegia, 346 proprioceptor technique, 198 6 Quickness, perception, 88 99 sequence, example, 200f Progressive failure region, soft tissue Quiet expiration, passive action, 72 Physical activity strain-counterstrain, 198-200 Quiet inspiration, occurrence, 72 Positive thinking, 112 failure, 277 R age, impact, 262 Post-activity soreness, 10 Progressive muscle relaxation, 112 Racquet wrist, 368 duration, requirement, 81 Postconcussion syndrome, 338-339 Progressive relaxation, 281 energy, expenditure, 77 Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) Promotional massage, 14-15 commonness, 368 fatigue, 260-262 Pronating feet, 395 massage strategies, 368 frequency, requirement, 81 injury, 382 Range of motion (ROM), 142-143 impact, 70 massage strategies, 382 massage strategies, 395 assessment, joint movement injuries, causes, 273-275 treatment, 382 Pronation, 141f involvement, 9 Posterior neck lift, skin roll examples, (impact), 142 postural deviations, 263 involvement, 63b coracobrachialis, 60 training, inappropriateness, 159f primary movement, 87 definition, 144 Posterior oblique subsystem, 62 Pronation distortion syndrome, flow excess, 194 260-262 Posterior pelvis (backward-tilting flexibility, 193 Physical assessment, 135-143 chart, 66f improvement, 84 pelvis), 274 Prone core exercises, 76f increase, 39-40 components, 135 Posterior rotation, 252 Proprioception, 282 joints, 52b form, 136f-137f Posterior superior iliac spine/sacrum, Proprioceptive neuromuscular function limitation, 193-194 performing, 135 maintenance, 132 posture, 135-139 palpation, 253f (PNF) measurement, 142 Physical examination, 73 Post-event massage, 15 stretching, usage, 39 reduction, 193-194, 277 Physical fitness Post-event recovery massage, 13 usage, 195 Rapid eye movement (REM), absence, achievement, core strength (usage), Postexercise stiffness (delayed-onset Proprioceptors, direct manipulation, 27 74 muscle soreness), 36-37 232f Reaction time, speed (impact), 87 programs, 73-74 Postsurgical massage, goals, 314-315 Pro’s rotator cuff injury, 361 Reciprocal inhibition, 67 Post-trauma massage, focus, 12-13 Protection Rest Ice Compression benefits, 70 Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), existence, 150 Physical medicine and rehabilitation Elevation (PRICE), 215 Recovery massage, focus, 13 123 application, performing, 279 Recovery process, 280-282 (PMR), athletic trainer provision, Postural balance therapy, 280 Rectus abdominis 11 Physical performance, functional principles, 170 components, 280 activity, 75 movement development understanding, 148 usage, 296 assessment, 240 (relationship), 87 Postural deviations, 274 Protein, 100 procedure, 240 Physical rehabilitation, 133 sports injury cause, 274 claims, 100 release, 240 outcomes, 23 Postural dysfunction, occurrence, 139 folding, 32-33 Physical state, improvement Postural imbalance, 274 ingestion, problems, 97 performing, 241f (conditioning), 74 effects, 140f research, 100 symptoms, 240 Physical therapists, 10 Postural muscles (stabilizer muscles), sources, 96 tightness, 240 Physical training, heat stress, 325 Provitamin A (carotenoids), dietary Rectus femoris, sliding, 161f Physiologic activity, increase, 156 147-148 Reddening areas, indication, 160f Physiologic barriers, 145 response, slowness, 147-148 sources, 99t Red meat result, 145 role, 64 Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride consumption, problem, 96 Physiologic changes, 79-80 shortening, 148 poultry/fish, contrast, 96 Physiologic massage effects, 7 (Sudafed), stimulant, 102 Reduction, 358 Physiologic processes, lengthening/stretching, 149 Psoas, 62 Referred pain, 309 endocannabinoids (impact), 28 Postural stability, challenges, 87-88 illustration, 158f Physiologic ranges of motion, usage, Posture, 140f assessment, 246-250 Reflex arc, 285 186 compression, 249-250 Reflexive fluid movement, methods, Physiology assessment, 137 direct access, 247-249 knowledge, requirement, 3 balance, example, 149f edge of table test, 247 216 ribose, roles, 100 determination, 138 inhibition, 249 Reflexive massage, outcome, 29 Picky, description, 134 deviations, 274 involvement, 238 Reflexive muscle action, 59-60 Piezoelectricity, 47 distortions, 274 low back pain, 356-357 Reflex mechanisms, function, 52-53 Pilates, Joseph, 75 factors, 136-137 Reflex patterns, usage, 315 Pin and stretch, 204-206 imbalance, 148 full-body protocol, 357 Reflex response, 18 compression, application massage strategy, 356 Regeneration, occurrence, 299 example, 149f release, 246-250 Regeneration/repair (subacute), 278 (involvement), 206 kinetic chain assessment, 148-153 performing, 248f-249f example, 204f observation, 135 shortness, 170 process, initiation, 278 Pinched nerve, 309, 345 physical assessment, 135-139 symptoms, 246 Regenerative therapy, 315-316 massage strategies, 345 Poultry, red meat contrast, 96 Psychological distress/discomfort, Regional contraindications (massage), occurrence, 345 Pre-competition stretching, benefits presence, 110 Pine, essential oil, 266 Psychological dysfunctions, 123-124 125 Pitcher’s elbow, 365 (absence), 39 massage, indications, 124 Rehabilitation massage strategies, 365 Pre-event massage, 13 Psychological massage effects, 7 trauma, repetition, 365 Prehabilitation training, 84 Psychological state, importance, 12 adjustment, 110 treatment, 365 Prepatellar bursitis, 383-384 Psychological stress, impact, 59 reactions, factors, 110 Pivoting, 92-93 Pulls/tears, 294-295 success, 281 direction, changes (requirements), massage strategies, 384 Pull/twist component, usage, 203 Rehabilitation massage, 14 Pressure Pulsed muscle energy, 198 definition, 14 93 example, 199f methods, usage (variation), 14 example, 93f depth, 287 procedures, involvement, 198 Rehabilitation/therapeutic change, 23 primary movement, 88 distal movement, 217 sequence, example, 199f Relaxation Plantar fasciitis, 303, 397-398 gradients, shifts, 22 usage, 198 massage (anti-arousal massage) illustration, 397f maintenance, 200f Pulse rate, reduction, 80 massage strategies, 398 Pressure-bearing leg, importance, 188 Pulses impact, 29 pain, 398 Pressure depth, 24-25 comparison, 161 usage, 166-167 Plantarflexion, primary movement, 87 compressive force, 173-174 points, 160f methods, 112 Plantar warts, 321 examples, 175f Puncture, wounds, 294 investigation, 114 Pressure pain thresholds (PPTs), Q Quadratus group, tightness/shortness, massage (impact), 24 246-249 Presurgical massage, goals, 314 Preteens, muscle bulk (increase), 83 Pricking pain (bright pain), 121

INDEX 461 Relaxation (Continued) Rotator cuff (Continued) Second-degree distortion, 168 Shoulder impingement syndrome parasympathetic responses, 26-27 muscles, function, 361 Second impact syndrome, 336 (SIS), massage therapy (study), usage, 7 squeezing, impingement syndrome, Self-stretching protocol, results, 39 38 360 Sensory nerve receptors, stimulation, Relaxed standing, 139f strains, incidence, 296 Shoulder separation, 359-360 Releases, 235-252 tear, 361 32 classification, 359 Remedial massage, 14 massage strategies, 361 Sensory organ, stimulation (excess), massage strategies, 359-360 pain, 361 occurrence, 359 definition, 14 tendon, full-thickness tear, 303f 120 risk factors, 359 Remodeling (stage), 278 Separated ribs, 347-348 Rotatores Shoulder sprains, 359 collagen, maturation, 278 assessment, 240-241 massage strategies, 348 massage strategies, 359 example, 301f-302f procedure, 241 pain, severity, 347-348 severity, degrees, 359 Remodeling phase, 301-303 release, 240-241 treatment, 348 treatment, 359 Renal damage, fluid/electrolyte performing, 242f Septa, 49-50 symptoms, 240 Serial distortion patterns, 64 Side-lying position, 205 disturbances (impact), 104 kinetic chain, alteration, 64 tissues, stretching, 206 Repair, stages, 277-278 Running (gait cycle), 88-91 Serotonin, 27 Repetitive strain injuries, result, 264 back problems, 350 impact, 27 Side stitch, 434 Repetitive stress, excess (impact), 47 transition, 91 pain-inhibiting chemical, 287 Simple massage methods, 174 Rescue remedy (Bach flower remedy), stress level, relationship, 28 Simple muscle tension, 213 Ruptured disk, 352 Shaking Simple strains/sprains, 134 259-260, 266-267 herniated disk/slipped disk, 352 body warming, 181-182 Skeletal muscle trauma specificity, 266 massage strategies, 352 manipulation, 182 Resistance (bind), overcoming, 209 nonsurgical procedure, 352 oscillation, 181-182 assessment findings, interpretation, Resourceful compensation, 169 occurrence, 352 types, examples, 183f 163 Respiration, 166-167 pain, 352 Sharp stabbing/tearing, description, Respiratory illness, 322-323 composition, 57 massage implications, 323 Ruta graveolens, 267 134 electrical activity (evaluation/ reason, 322 S Shear force, 177 Respiratory muscles, illustration, 72f Sacral curves, development, 137 recordation), electromyography Respiratory pump, venous return Sacral plexus creation, 21 (usage), 38 example, 177f lymphatic supply, 37 support, 218 impingement, 123 mechanical force, 287 myelinated/unmyelinated fibers, Respiratory response, 80 nerve branches, 310 sliding force, 177 stimulation, 79-80 Respiratory systems, changes, 79 Sacroiliac (SI) joint Shearing force, usage, 34 palpation, 161-163 Rest, 280 assessment, 252 Shear loading, 19 spot work, 163 example, 21 texture/function assessment, 163 change, 80 force closure, 155f Shin splints, 388 Skeletal structure (penetration), bone importance, 275 performing, 253f massage strategies, 388 contusion (impact), 292 Restoration, parasympathetic broad-based compression, 155f pain, 388 Skin compression, application, 253f treatment, 388 assessment, kneading (usage), 160f responses, 26-27 correction, indirect methods (usage), Shoes, selection, 399b blood reservoir, 158 Restorative process, massage (support), Short-leg syndrome, 353 bruises, 157 254f-255f cause, 353 cancer (melanoma), 126-127 119 dysfunction, impact, 356 massage strategies, 353 damp areas, indications, 158 Restorative sleep, 113-114 forearm placement, 251f Short-term goals, session-by-session dermis, superficial fascia (location), function, 154-155 49-50 importance, 113 involvement, assessment, 154 process (support), 132 fold, measurement (skin roll action), promotion, strategies, 114 mobilization, 255 Shoulder, 358-363 159f Retrocalcaneal bursitis, 390-391 procedure, 252 mechanoreceptors, influence, 29 Rhomboids release, 252 abduction, degrees, 143f-144f movement, continuation, 219 assessment, 244 rocking movement, mechanism, arthritis, 362-363 observation, 158 procedure, 244 brachial plexus impingement, 369 palpation, 157-159 release, 244 153f bursitis, 360-361 roll, examples, 159f stabilization, ligaments (usage), 123 dislocation, 358-359 rolling, 160, 181 performing, 245f symptoms, 252 example, 181f symptoms, 244 Sacrospinalis group, strains illustration, 307f shaking, avoidance, 182 Rhythm, defining, 174 flexion, muscle firing pattern, 152 stimulation, massage therapy Rhythmic oscillation, production, 30 (incidence), 296 fractures, 362 (usage), 30 Ribose, 100 Sacrospinous ligaments, shortness, 356 stretching, usage, 157f claims, 100 Sacrotuberous ligaments, shortness, massage strategies, 362 stroking, 157f research, 100 occurrence, 362 surface, palpation, 157 roles, 100 356 frozen shoulder (adhesive capsulitis), example, 157f Ribs Sacrum, compression (downward tightness, 165-166 attachments, palpation, 241f 362 Ski pole thumb, 370 bruising, 347 motion), 254f-255f function, assessment, 145 massage strategies, 370 mobility, assessment, 330f-331f Sarcomere give, 84 immobilizer, usage, 358 treatment, 370 mobilization, 219 Scalenes impingement syndrome, 360-361 Skull fracture, 339 muscle pulls/tears, 348 joint, 358 illustration, 339f assessment, 238 massage strategies, 339 massage strategies, 348 contraction, 238 dislocation, 307 Sleep, 260 occurrence, 348 procedure, 238-239 movement bed time, limitation, 114 separation, 347-348 release, 238-239 body renewal/repair, 124-125 Righting reflexes, 59 absence, 71 caffeine/alcohol/nicotine, Rigid tape, stretching, 269 performing, 239f assessment, 330f-331f avoidance, 114 Ringworm, 126 symptoms, 235-238 muscle pulls (strains), 363 experience, 114b Rocking Scalp, connective tissue structures massage strategies, 363 importance, 112 function, 182 occurrence, 363 interruption impact, 30 (presence), 343 pain, localization, 358 causes, 124 movement, mechanism, 153f Scaphoid fracture, 367 pops (partial dislocation), 360 minimization, 114 oscillation, 181-182 massage strategies, 360 patterns usage, 182 massage strategies, 367 occurrence, 360 disruption, 113-114, 124 Rolf, Ida, 32 Scars treatment, 360 light/dark cycles, impact, 124 Rolfing, usage, 32 posterolateral aspect, force positions, contribution, 137 Rosemary, essential oil, 266 identification, 135 restorative sleep, 113-114 Rotation, 91 old scars, 294 (application), 349f schedule, maintenance, 114 arms, combination, 91 Scar tissue pro’s rotator cuff injury, 361 support, 124-125 example, 91f continuation, 141 reduction, 358, 362 trying, avoidance, 114 movements, occurrence, 91 development, 35 retraction, muscle testing (example), Sleep-disordered breathing, 327 symmetry, consideration, 91 Slipped disk, 352 Rotational force, 91 attention, 377 146f Slow-twitch fibers type I, generation, kneading (usage), 21 Scheduling (massage), 262 rotator cuff tear, 361 characterization, 79 Rotation loading (torsion loading), 19 tendonitis, 360-361 Rotator cuff issues, 262 weight lifter’s shoulder, 363 composition, 358 Schleip, Robert, 3, 32 Shoulder girdle-pelvic girdle symmetry, injury, 361 Sciatica, 353 illustration, 362f 47f diagnosis, 353 area, 171f pain, 353 Shoulder-hip symmetry, 47f Scratched cornea, 340 area, 171f massage strategies, 340 occurrence, 340 Secondary gain, injury outcome, 110

462 INDEX Smell (sense), essential oils (impact), Sports hernia (athletica pubalgia), Sternoclavicular (SC) joint Stretching, 84, 193 263 371-372 formation, 358 atlas, 206-207 SI joint pain factor, 356 benefits, questions, 25 Smoking, tendency (reduction), 71 massage strategies, 372 bouncing, damage, 84 Soccer signs, 371 Sternocleidomastoid combination, 204-206 surgery, 372 muscle, 232 continuous stretching, benefits, 84 case study, 414-418 Sports injury (cause), postural release, 239-240 control/performing, pace, 194 condition, 415-418 performing, 240f cross-directional stretching, 201 treatment plan, 415 deviations (impact), 261 definition, 193 Soft tissues, 46 Sport skills, learning, 87 Steroid injections (cortisone), 304, description, 84 chronic soft tissue injuries, Sports massage 316 effectiveness, research results, 40 enhancement, 84 303-305 events, experience, 13b effectiveness, 316 examples, 205f-206f dysfunction example, 24-25 treatment possibilities, 316 flexibility training, 39 goals, 12 Steroids joint movement, 201b joint involvement, absence, 154 target, 9 acne, development, 102 methods, inclusion, 193 rarity, 29 team, 15 anabolic steroids, 102 muscle sensation, 178 failure, degrees, 276-277 term, usage, 4 side effects, 102 passive stretching, 84 healing, 134 types, 13-15 types, 102 procedures, 194 injury usage, prohibition, 101 program, initiation (slowness), 70 PRP injections, usage, 317 objective, 13 Stiff, term (meaning), 134 pulling sensation, 194 site, 49 Sports medicine physicians, 10 Stimulants, 102 tension force, application, 288 irritation/injury, 134 Sport-specific demands, 282 Stinger nerves, 345 mechanical behavior, connective Sport-specific programs, factors, cause, 345 Stride time, 88 characterization, 345 Striking tissue viscoelasticity 84-85 massage strategies, 345 (relationship), 31 Sport-specific research, 39-41 Stopping, forces, 88 energy, focus, 91 motion restriction assessment, 209 Sport-specific skills, components, 87 Stories, example, 5b force, result, 91 pressure, exertion, 310 Sport-specific training, 84-85 Strain-counterstrain, 198-200 Stroking (effleurage), 179 shape, 47 Sports psychologists, 10 positional release methods, 198 Structural massage effects, 7 tension, effects, 18 Sprained finger, 371 Strains, 294-296 Stuck, term (meaning), 134 Somatic pain, 120 definition, 276 Subacute inflammation, 264 South Pole, yang, 268 massage strategies, 371 development, 10 Subacute regeneration/repair, 278 Spasms, 291 point pain, occurrence, 371 grades, 295-296 Subcutaneous fascia, sliding reduction, massage (usage), 310 treatment, 371 massage application, 298-300 types, 291 Sprained knee, 380-381 mechanical distribution, holistic membrane (formation), 31-32 Spastic torticollis (Wryneck torticollis), definition, 380 Subjective Objective Assessment Plan 346 massage strategies, 381 role, 33 cause, 346 treatment, 381 PRICE, usage, 296 (SOAP), 132 massage strategies, 346 Sprained neck, 344 pulls/tears, 294-295 Subluxation, 307, 358 treatment, 346 massage strategies, 344 shoulder muscle pulls, 363 Submaximal intensity, activity, 79 Specificity principle, 84 result, 344 treatment, 296 Subscapularis Speed Sprained thumb, 371 Strength example, 176f massage strategies, 371 ability, 75 assessment, 241-244 variation, 174 treatment, 371 assessment, 282 distal attachment, 244 Spinal cord, 285-286 Sprains, 296-303, 359 function, defining, 273 procedure, 244 dorsal horn, nociceptive inhibition, definition, 296-297 muscle testing, 155 release, 241-244 195 diagnosis, 297 neurologic function, synergist Spinal cord injuries, 346-347 grades, 297 performing, 243f circulation, impact, 346-347 lateral ankle sprain, examples, assessment, 146-147 symptoms, 241 levels, 347f Strength training, 82-83 visual assessment, 241-244 massage strategies, 347 301f-302f Substance P occurrence, 346 massage application, 298-300 children, 83 production, 322 respiratory movements, impact, medial collateral ligament sprains, impact, 83 release, 26-27, 285-286 346 massage, usage, 83 Substances result, 346 297f muscle contraction, involvement, ban, 101-103 Spinal curves, 139f occurrence, 297 users, identification, 103 Spinal shock, 346 rehabilitation, 297 82 Superficial connective tissue Spindle cell, massage (impact), 29 program, core muscles palpation, 159-160 Spironolactone, diuretic, 103 goal, 297-298 Splinting, cause, 59 signs/symptoms, 297 (involvement), 74 assessment, kneading (usage), 160f Spondylolisthesis, 352 Spurs, bone outgrowths, 49 sports requirement, 82-83 Superficial fascia illustration, 350f Stability women, 83 Spondylolysis definition, 75 Stress, 111-112 location, 49-50 cracked back, 352 development, requirement, 60 acute stress, 111 shaking, avoidance, 182 illustration, 350f inadequacy, 75 area assessment, orthopedic tests Superior erector spinae, 62 Sport/fitness, rehabilitation outcomes, kinesiology element, 46 Supinating feet, 395 22-24 mobility, coexistence, 86 (usage), 144 massage strategies, 395 Sporting events, informed consent Stabilization, 235 change, ability, 111 Supination, 141f form (example), 14f body-wide stabilization patterns, chronic stress, 111 involvement, 63b Sport injuries, pharmacologic agents coping, 112 primary movement, 87 (usage), 317 146-147 correlation, 28-29 Supine core exercises, 76f Sport performance-related diet, 97 usage, 74 definition, 276 Supplements research, 97 Stabilization strength, impact, external factors, 111 athletic usage, 99-101 Sport psychologists, 107 level, serotonin (relationship), 28 diet, evaluation, 99 Sport psychology 60-61 lifestyle adjustments, 112b Surface depth of pressure, 175f definition, 106 Stabilizer muscles (postural muscles), management skills, learning Surface draining procedure, initiation, experience, 110b injury, relationship, 108-110 147-148 (importance), 109 219 interventions, 109 Stabilizers, 58 reduction Surface gauss rating, 267 knowledge/techniques, usage, 107 Stabilizing hand, placement, 186 Surgery, 313-316 professionals, listing, 107 Stabilizing muscles, role, 64 effects, 125 reasons, 107 Stacked poles, tippy pole (contrast), usage, 166-167 invasiveness, arthroscopy (impact), Sports signs, 112 314 activity, functional movement 149f Stress fractures, 308-309 strategies, 86 Stance phase, components, 89f legs, 392 massage examples, 93b Standard posture back view, 135 management, variation, 309 application, 314-315 injuries, 337t-338t Standard posture front view, 135 treatment, 309 effects, increase, 315 Sports event massage, duration, 14 Standard posture side view, 135-139 Stress-related illness, 124 examples, 315b Sports/fitness/rehabilitation Standing posture, 137 Stretch environment, learning, 4 Stanozolol (Winstrol), 102 contract antagonist, relationship, postsurgical massage, goals, 314-315 Staphylococcus infection, 321 presurgical massage, goals, 314 Static movement, 187-188 197-198 remodeling stage, 315 Static positions, 141 sensation tolerance, impact, 195 subacute phase, 315 Static stretch sequence, example, 198f Suturing, purpose, 293 Stretched nerves, 345 Swayback knees (hyperextended execution, 194 cause, 345 usage, 39 massage strategies, 345 knees), 274 Stecco, Carla/Antonio, 31-32 Swayback posture, 140f Step rate, 88

INDEX 463 Sweat Tendinopathy (Continued) Thermoregulatory mechanism, Tonic muscles, role, 64 evaporation, decrease, 324-325 overuse tendinopathies, 322 breakdown, 325 Torn biceps, 366-367 production, importance, 325 tendonitis/tendinosis, 368 triceps tendinopathy, 366 Thighs, 374-378 massage strategies, 367 Sweating, 261 wrist, 368 bruised quadriceps, 377 medical treatment, 366 Swedish massage (classic massage), hamstring pull/tear/strain, 375-377 pain/bleeding, 366 Tendonitis, 303, 360-361 quadriceps Torn cartilage, 384 usage, 25 biceps tendinopathy, 366 bruising, 377 massage strategies, 384 Swelling, 277 bursitis, contrast, 360 pull/tear/strain, 377 pain, 384 development, risk factors, 304 Torn tendon, indication, 370 lymphatic drain massage protocol, diagnosis, 361 Third-degree distortion, 168 Torque, definition, 77 223 massage strategies, 305, 361 Thoracic cage injuries, 349f Torsion force, 177-178 PRICE treatment, 304 Thoracic curves, development, 137 example, 178f problem, 280 steroid injection, 304 Thoracic kyphosis, 274 generation, kneading (usage), 21 Swinging, 91 treatment, 304, 361 Thorax mechanical force, 287 triceps tendinopathy, 366 twisting, 177 arms, combination, 91 wrist, 368 pumping action, 213 usage, 34 example, 91f skin movement, initiation, 219 Torsion loading (rotation loading), 19 forces, result, 91 Tendonosis, 304 Threat, reduction, 111 Torso movements, occurrence, 91 biceps tendinopathy, 366 Throbbing, term (usage), 134 decongesting/draining, 219-221 symmetry, consideration, 91 triceps tendinopathy, 366 Thrombus (blood clot), 127 Swing phase, components, 90f wrist, 368 Throwing, 91 examples, 220f Symmetric standing, 137 energy, focus, 91 preparation, 219 Symmetry Tendons, 48 forces, result, 91 strength, importance, 75 absence, landmarks, 138b atrophy, 304 Thumb Touch, qualities, 173-174 areas, 47f complications, 304 ski pole thumb, 370 Traction, maintenance, 236f-237f breaking strength, increase, 80 sprained thumb, 371 Training illustration, 171f compressive loads, resistance, Thyme, essential oil, 266 effects, importance, 10 Sympathetic activation 174-175 Tibialis anterior tendon sheath inappropriateness, 273 connective tissue, continuation, 48 interference, chronic breathing excess (balance), massage (usage), contracture, 304 inflammation, 392 169 complications, 304 massage strategies, 392 dysfunction patterns (impact), elasticity/mobility, 163 symptoms, 392 71 facilitated segment, 158 injuries, 303-304 Tibialis posterior syndrome, 394 return, timing, 282 Sympathetic ANS response, illustration, 303f massage strategies, 394 sessions, length (impact), 74 progression, slowness, 303 Tibial stress syndrome, 388 stimulus stimulation, 24 strains, 48 massage strategies, 388 adaptation, 79 Sympathetic dominance (fight-or-flight palpation, 163 treatment, 388 threshold, 77 tears, 370 Tight, term (meaning), 134 workloads, athlete reduction, 320 response), overbreathing (impact), massage strategies, 370 Tingling, 277 Trans fats, elimination, 96 71 treatment, 370 descriptions, 134 Transverse process, 352-353 Sympathetic nervous system Tippy pole, stacked poles (contrast), 149f Transversus abdominis, 61-62 overactivity, soft tissue tension Tennis elbow, 303, 364-365 Tissue inhibition, 75 deep friction massage, 365 bending forces, 177f Trapezium fracture, 367 (impact), 18 inflammation, 365 blood flow reduction, massage massage strategies, 367 stimulation, touch (impact), 27-28 massage strategies, 365 Trapezius triggers, 346 Sympathetic/parasympathetic balance, pain, 364-365 (impact), 36 cause, 346 treatment, cortisone injections, 365 compression massage strategies, 346 169-170 Trauma, 34, 275-278 Symphysis pubis Tennis leg, 391-392 downward movement, 179 acute reinjury, chronic condition, massage strategies, 392 holding, firmness, 241 264 action, 372f treatment, 391 elasticity, reduction, 48 chronic trauma (overuse trauma), 264 displacement, 356 extensibility, 48 definition, 12, 123 Symptoms, 134-135 Tenocytes, substance P production, fluid amount, increase, 213 direct trauma, 264 description, words, 134 322 headaches, symptoms, 341 factors, 12 Synergistic dominance, 64 heating, 52 indirect trauma, 264 occurrence, 67 Tenoperiosteal junction, soft tissue injuries, holes, 299 mechanical injury, 275-276 Synergists, 58 injury site, 49 kneading, usage, 241f rescue remedy, 266 Synovial fluid layer results, 223 effusion, 296-297 Tensegrity principle, basis, 35 force generation, massage types, 264 necessity, 316-317 Tensile force, occurrence, 175-177 Traumatic arthritis, result, 305 thickening, immobilization (impact), Tension, 175-177 (applications), 20f Traumatic injury, 10 massage applications, force Traumatic osteoarthritis, 305 53-54 increase, 148 Traveler’s edema, 212-213 Synovial joints, compression/ reduction, massage (usage), 300 generation, 162f Treatment plans, 132 sensation, 163 lengthening, 52 determination, 131 decompression generation, 55 tensile stretch, application, 34 lifting/sliding, shear forces (impact), Triceps tendinopathy (tendonitis/ Synovial membrane, injury/ Tension forces (tensile forces) tendinosis), 366 creation, 22 177f massage strategies, 366 dysfunction, 53-54 example, 177f load resistance, 276 pain, 366 Synovitis, 304-305 impact, 21 longitudinal tissue stretching, 201 Trigger finger, 370 occurrence, 20, 175-177 movement methods, 227-228 cortisone injection response, 370 acute synovitis, 305 usage, 201-203 regeneration/replacement process, massage strategies, 370 capsulitis, association, 305 Tension headache Trigger points, 228-233 Systemic health/healing, support, 22 cause, 341 understanding, 300 area, location, 228 T massage strategies, 343-344 repair, inflammation processes assessment, 229 Taping symptoms, 341 concentric movements, 233 procedures, 268f Tension loading, 19 (impact), 120 cross-fiber friction, effectiveness, 232 Tapotement (percussion), 179 occurrence, 20 shortening, 205 development, perpetuating factors, Teachers, 3-4 Terrible triad of O’Donohue, 381 tenderness assessment, American 229 information/skills, 3-4 massage strategies, 381 direct manipulation methods, objective, 3-4 Testosterone (anabolic steroid), 102 College of Rheumatology 229-232 Tears/pulls, 294-295 Tetracosactide (corticotropin), ban, method, 156 duration, determination, 232 Tea tree, essential oil, 266 trauma, scar tissue development, 35 formation, theory, 228b Temperature regulation impairment, 103 Tissue healing hyperirritability (cessation), pressure Therapeutic exercise, 70 compression, inappropriateness, 300 techniques (usage), 232 fluid/electrolyte disturbances frictioning, inappropriateness, 300 identification, 229 (impact), 104 femur fracture, 377-378 research, 37-39 illustration, 230f-231f Temporary pressure Therapeutic inflammation, 120 stages, 12t, 121t, 299t isometric contraction, 233 creation, 216-217 Toes impact, 216 benefits, 120 black toenails, 397 Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) Therapeutic massage, effects, 118-119 broken toe, 396 dysfunction, 33 Therapeutic taping, 269 region, soft tissue failure, 277 injury, 340-341 tendinopathy (tendonitis/ massage strategies, 341 adhesive product, usage, 269 tendinosis), 398 prevention, 340-341 procedures, 268f massage strategies, 398 pain, 340-341 Thermal regulation, subcutaneous turf toe, 397 massage strategies, 341 Tonic cramps/spasms, 291 Tenderness, 277 fascia (sliding membrane), 31-32 Tendinopathy, 163 Thermoregulation, 323 biceps tendinopathy, 366 description, 303 massage strategies, 368

464 INDEX Trigger points (Continued) V W Wounds, 293-294 local nerve facilitation, 228 Varicose veins, 127 Walking (gait cycle), 88-91 abrasion, 293 location, 33 avulsion, 294 myofascial trigger points, 33-34 occurrence, 127 pattern, optimum, 153 classification, 293 palpation, 229b Vascular headache speed, increase, 88 deepness, consequences, 293 structural location, 33 transition, 91 healing, 294 therapies, 228 massage strategies, 341-343 Warm-up, 81, 273-274 antifibrotic processes, fibroblasts results, 39 response, 344 massage, usage, 81 (cyclic stretching), 38 treatment methods, 229-233 symptoms, 341 neglect, 273-274 incision, 293 examples, 233f-234f Vascular inflammation (acute), period, purpose, 81 laceration, 293-294 Warts, 321 massage, application, 294 Triglyceride levels, decrease, 80 277-278 Water puncture, 294 Trunk Vascular movement, muscle inhibition crystalline behavior, 33 therapeutic massage application, effects, 263 294 flexion, muscle firing pattern, 150 (impact), 67 fascia stretching/compression, photograph, 294f main area, identification, 223 Venous circulation (increase), massage Tumors, 127 impact, 33 Wrist, 367-369 diagnosis, absence, 127 (usage), 216 pressures, mechanical effects, 263 bones, subluxation, 367 pain, impact, 134 Venous flow (facilitation), gliding Weight control, 98 boxer’s wrist, 367 Turf toe, 397 components, 98 carpal tunnel syndrome, 368-369 massage strategies, 397 strokes (direction), 215f Weight lifter’s shoulder, 363 chronic osteoarthritis/arthrosis, 368 Turning, 92-93 Venous return, 218 massage strategies, 363 ganglion, 368 direction, change (requirements), 93 rarity, 363 golfer’s wrist, 367 example, 93f flow, assistance, 214 Weight loss, 98 lunate injury, 367-368 Two-joint gastrocnemius muscle, support, 218 formula, absence, 98 racquet wrist, 368 Ventilation, increase, 73b promotion, 70 scaphoid fracture, 367 passive tension, 137 Vertical jump, primary movement, 88 Weight maintenance, 98 sprains, 367 U Vessels Weight management program, exercise massage strategies, 367 Unconditioned heart, strain (risk), 73-74 firmness, 161 occurrence, 297 Undiagnosed tumors, referral, 127 palpation, 160-161 (requirement), 98 treatment, 367 Uniform Billing (UB) codes, athletic Vestibular apparatus, 29-30 Weight shift, center of gravity tendinopathy (tendonitis/ cerebellum, relationship, 30 tendinosis), 368 trainer designation, 11 composition, 29-30 movement, 189f-190f trapezium fracture, 367 United States Anti-Doping Agency massage, impact, 30 Weight training Vibration, 179 Wrist-ankle symmetry, 47f (USADA), responsibility, 103 methods, 266-267 impact, 273 area, 171f Unmyelinated fibers, stimulation, problem, 83 basis, 266 Weight transfer, 188 Wryneck torticollis (spastic torticollis), 79-80 oscillation, 181-182 allowance, 188 346 Upper crossed syndrome Wellness balance, upset, 10 focus, 182 Whiplash, 344-345 Y flow chart, 65f Vicinal water (crystalline water), 33 massage strategies, 344-345 Yoga, core training, 75 illustration, 329f Viral infections, 126 movement, 344 Z Upper rhomboid, aching, 244 Visceral pain, 120 treatment, 344 Zone, 108 Upper thorax, glide/knead/ Visceral referred pain, skin tightness, Whole body, muscle groups functions, massage support compression (usage), 219 165-166 (interaction), 166 (implications), 108 Upright posture, maintenance, 138-139 Viscerosomatic reflexes, occurrence, 59 Wing (cracked wing), 352-353 Urinary bladder, muscles (paralysis), Viscosupplementation, 316-317 Withdrawal reflexes, 59 mind, training (importance), 108 Visual analog scale (VAS), usage, 24 Women, strength training, 83 state, defining, 108 346 Visualization Word repetition, 112 Zygomatic fractures, illustration, 340f U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Working muscle, blood flow (increase), method, 281-282 (USPSTF) usefulness, 282 80 preventive services focus, 18b Vitamin C, 99 recommendations, strength, 18 dietary sources, 99t Vitamin E, 99 dietary sources, 99t