Clinical Applications of Neuromuscular Techniques The Lower Body Volume 2

APPENDIX 575 Patient self-help. Neutral (body heat) bath Patient self-help. Constitutional hydrotherapy (CH) Placing yourself in a neutral bath in which your body CH has a non-specific 'balancing' effect, inducing temperature is the same as that of the water is a relaxation, reducing chronic pain and promoting healing profoundly relaxing experience. A neutral bath is useful when it is used daily for some weeks. in all cases of anxiety, for feelings of being 'stressed' and Note: Help is required to apply CH for relief of chronic pain. Materials Materials • Somewhere to lie down • A bathtub, water and a bath thermometer. • A full-sized sheet folded in half or two single sheets • Two blankets (wool if possible) Method • Three bath towels (when folded in half each should be • Run a bath as full as possible and with the water close able to reach side to side and from shoulders to hips) to 9JOF (36. 1°C). The bath has its effect by being as • One hand towel (each should, as a single layer, be the close to body temperature as you can achieve. same size as the large towel folded in half) • Get into the bath so that the water covers your • Hot and cold water shoulders and support the back of your head on a towel or sponge. Method • A bath thermometer should be in the bath so that you • Undress and lie face up between the sheets and can ensure that the temperature does not drop below under the blanket. 92°F (33.3°C). The water can be topped up periodically, but should not exceed the recommended 9JOF (36.1°C). • Place two hot folded bath towels (four layers) to cover the trunk, shoulders to hips (towels should be damp, • The duration of the bath should be anything from 30 not wet). minutes to an hour; the longer the better for maximum relaxation. • Cover with a sheet and blanket and leave for 5 minutes. • After the bath, pat yourself dry quickly and get into bed for at least an hour. • Return with a single layer (small) hot towel and a single layer cold towel. Patient self-help. Ice pack • Place 'new' hot towel onto top of four layers 'old' hot Because of the large amount of heat it needs to absorb towels and 'flip' so that hot towel is on skin and as it turns from solid back to liquid, ice can dramatically remove old towels. Immediately place cold towel onto reduce inflammation and reduce the pain it causes. Ice new hot towel and flip again so that cold is on the packs can be used for all sprains and recent injuries and skin, remove single hot towel. joint swellings (unless pain is aggravated by it). Avoid using ice on the abdomen if there is an acute bladder • Cover with a sheet and leave for 10 minutes or until infection or over the chest if there is asthma and stop its the cold towel warms up. use if cold aggravates the condition. • Remove previously cold, now warm, towel and turn Method onto stomach. • Place crushed ice into a towel to a thickness of at • Repeat for the back. least an inch, fold the towel and safety pin it together. To avoid dripping, the ice can also be placed in a Suggestions and notes plastic 'zip-close' bag before applying the towel. • If using a bed take precautions not to get this wet. • Place a wool or flannel material over the area to be • 'Hot' water in this context is a temperature high treated and put the ice pack onto this. enough to prevent you leaving your hand in it for more • Cover the ice pack with plastic to hold in any melting than 5 seconds. water and bandage, tape or safety pin everything in • The coldest water from a running tap is adequate for place. the 'cold' towel. On hot days, adding ice to the water in which this towel is wrung out is acceptable if the • Leave this on for about 20 minutes and repeat after an temperature contrast is acceptable to the patient. hour if helpful. • If the person being treated feels cold after the cold towel is placed, use back massage, foot or hand • Protect surrounding clothing or bedding from melting massage (through the blanket and towel) to warm up. water. • Apply daily or twice daily. • There are no contraindications to constitutional hydrotherapy. JChaitow l, Delany 2002 Clinical Application of Neuromuscular Techniques. Vol 2: the lower Body © 2002, Elsevier Science Limited

576 APPENDIX Patient self-help. Reducing shoulder movement during breathing Patient self-help. Foot and ankle injuries: first aid Stand in front of a mirror and breathe normally, and If you strain, twist or injure your foot or ankle this should notice whether your shoulders rise. If they do, this receive immediate attention from a suitably trained means that you are stressing these muscles and podiatrist or other appropriate health-care professional. breathing inefficiently. There is a simple strategy you can This is important to avoid complications. use to reduce this tendency. Even if you can still move the joints of your feet it is • An anti-arousal (calming) breathing exercise is possible that a break has occurred (possibly only a described next. Before performing this exercise, it is slightly cracked bone or a chip) and walking on this can important to establish a breathing pattern which does create other problems. Don't neglect foot injuries or not use the shoulder muscles when inhaling. poorly aligned healing may occur! • Sit in a chair which has arms and place your elbows If an ankle is sprained there may be serious tissue and forearms fully supported by the chair arms. damage and simply supporting it with a bandage is often not enough; it may require a cast. Follow the RICE • Slowly exhale through pursed lips ('kiss position') and protocol outlined below and seek professional advice. then as you start to inhale through your nose, push gently down onto the chair arms, to 'lock' the shoulder First aid (for before you are able to get professional muscles, preventing them from rising. advice) • As you slowly exhale again release the downward Rest. Reduce activity and get off your feet. pressure. Ice. Apply a plastic bag of ice, or ice wrapped in a towel, over the injured area, following a cycle of 15-20 minutes • Repeat the downward pressure each time you inhale on, 40 minutes off. at least 10 more times. Compression. Wrap an Ace bandage around the area, but be careful not to pull it too tight. As a substitute for the strategy described above, if there Elevation. Place yourself on a bed, couch or chair so is no armchair available, sit with your hands interlocked, that the foot can be supported in an elevated position, palms upward, on your lap. higher than your waist, to reduce swelling and pain. • As you inhale lightly but firmly push the pads of your Also: fingers against the backs of the hands and release • When walking, wear a soft shoe or slipper which can this pressure when you slowly exhale. • This reduces the ability of the muscles above the accommodate any bulky dressing. shoulders to contract and will lessen the tendency for • If there is any bleeding, clean the wound well and the shoulders to rise. apply pressure with gauze or a towel, and cover with a clean dressing. • Don't break blisters, and if they break, apply a dressing. • Carefully remove any superficial foreign objects (splinters, glass fragment, etc.) using sterile tweezers. If deep, get professional help. • If the skin is broken (abrasion) carefully clean and remove foreign material (sand, etc.), cover with an antibiotic ointment and bandage with a sterile dressing. Do not neglect your feet - they are your foundations and deserve respect and care. Chaitow l, Delany J 2002 Clinical Application of Neuromuscular Techniques. Vol 2: the lower Body © 2002, Elsevier Science Limited

Patient self-help. Anti-arousal ('calming') breathing APPENDIX 577 exercise Patient self-help. Method for alternate nostril There is strong research evidence showing the efficacy breathing of particular patterns of breathing in reducing arousal and anxiety levels, which is of particular importance in • Place your left ring finger pad onto the side of your chronic pain conditions. (Cappo & Holmes 1984, right nostril and press just hard enough to close it Readhead 1984). while at the same time breathing in slowly through your left nostril. • Place yourself in a comfortable (ideally seated/reclining) position and exhale fully but slowly • When you have inhaled fully, use your left thumb to through your partially open mouth, lips just barely close the left nostril and at the same time remove the separated. pressure of your middle finger and very slowly exhale through the right nostril. • Imagine that a candle flame is about 6 inches from your mouth and exhale (blowing a thin stream of air) • When fully exhaled, breathe in slowly through the right gently enough so as to not blow this out. nostril, keeping the left side closed with your thumb. • As you exhale, count silently to yourself to establish • When fully inhaled, release the left side, close down the length of the outbreath. An effective method for the right side, and breathe out, slowly, through your counting one second at a time is to say (silently) 'one left nostril. hundred, two hundred, three hundred', etc. Each count then lasts about one second. • Continue to exhale with one side of the nose, inhale again through the same side, then exhale and inhale • When you have exhaled fully, without causing any with the other side, repeatedly, for several minutes. sense of strain to yourself in any way, allow the inhalation which follows to be full, free and uncontrolled. • The complete exhalation which preceded the inhalation will have emptied the lungs and so creates a 'coiled spring' which you do not have to control in order to inhale. • Once again, count to yourself to establish how long your inbreath lasts which, due to this 'springiness', will probably be shorter than the exhale. • Without pausing to hold the breath, exhale fully, through the mouth, blowing the air in a thin stream (again you should count to yourself at the same speed). • Continue to repeat the inhalation and the exhalation for not less than 30 cycles of in and out. • The objective is that in time (some weeks of practicing this daily) you should achieve an inhalation phase which lasts for 2-3 seconds while the exhalation phase lasts from 6-7 seconds, without any strain at all. • Most importantly, the exhalation should be slow and continuous and you should strictly avoid breathing the air out quickly and then simply waiting until the count reaches 6, 7 or 8 before inhaling again. • By the time you have completed 15 or so cycles any sense of anxiety which you previously felt should be much reduced. Also if pain is a problem this should also have lessened. • Apart from always practicing this once or twice daily, it is useful to repeat the exercise for a few minutes (about five cycles of inhalation/exhalation takes a minute) every hour, especially if you are anxious or whenever stress seems to be increasing. • At the very least it should be practiced on waking and before bedtime and, if at all possible, before meals. Chaitow l, Delany J 2002 Clinical Application of Neuromuscular Techniques. Vol 2: the lower Body © 2002, Elsevier Science Limited

578 APP ENDIX Patient self-help. Autogenic training (AT) relaxation Every day, ideally twice a day, for 10 minutes at a time, do • Go back to your right hand/arm and this time affirm a the following. message which tells you that you sense a greater degree of warmth there. 'My hand is feeling warm (or hot).' • Lie on the floor or bed in a comfortable position, small cushion under the head, knees bent if that makes the back • After a minute or so, turn your attention to the left feel easier, eyes closed. Do the yoga breathing exercise hand/arm, the left leg and then finally the right leg, each described above for five cycles (one cycle equals an time with the 'warming' message and focused attention. If inhalation and an exhalation) then let breathing resume its warmth is sensed, stay with it for a while and feel it spread. normal rhythm. Enjoy it. • When you feel calm and still, focus attention on your • Finally focus on your forehead and affirm that it feels right hand/arm and silently say to yourself 'my right arm (or cool and refreshed. Stay with this cool and calm thought for hand) feels heavy'. Try to see/sense the arm relaxed and a minute before completing the exercise. By repeating the heavy, its weight sinking into the surface it is resting on as whole exercise at least once a day (10-15 minutes is all it you 'let it go'. Feel its weight. Over a period of about a will take) you will gradually find you can stay focused on minute repeat the affirmation as to its heaviness several each region and sensation. 'Heaviness' represents what you times and try to stay focused on its weight and heaviness. feel when muscles relax and 'warmth' is what you feel when your circulation to an area is increased, while 'coolness' is • You will almost certainly lose focus as your attention the opposite, a reduction in circulation for a short while, wanders from time to time. This is part of the training in the usually followed by an increase due to the overall relaxation exercise - to stay focused - so when you realize your mind of the muscles. Measurable changes occur in circulation has wandered, avoid feeling angry or judgmental of yourself and temperature in the regions being focused on during and just return your attention to the arm and its heaviness. these training sessions and the benefits of this technique to people with Raynaud's phenomenon and to anyone with • You may or may not be able to sense the heaviness - it pain problems are proven by years of research. Success doesn't matter too much at first. If you do, stay with it and requires persistence - daily use for at least 6 weeks - enjoy the sense of release, of letting go, that comes with it. before benefits are noticed, notably a sense of relaxation and better sleep. • Next, focus on your left hand/arm and do exactly the same thing for about a minute. • Move to the left leg and then the right leg, for about a minute each, with the same messages and focused attention. Patient self-help. Progressive muscular relaxation shoulder and then relax - neck area: push neck down toward the floor and then • Wearing loose clothing, lie with arms and legs outstretched. relax - face: tighten and contract muscles around eyes and • Clench one fist. Hold for 10 seconds. • Release your fist, relax for 10-20 seconds and then mouth or frown strongly and then relax. • After one week combine muscle groups: repeat exactly as before. • Do the same with the other hand (twice). - hand/arm on both sides: tense and then relax together • Draw the toes of one foot toward the knee. Hold for - face and neck: tense and relax all the muscles at the 10 seconds and relax. same time • Repeat and then do same with the other foot. - chest, shoulders and back: tense and relax all the • Perform the same sequence in five other sites (one side muscles at the same time of your body and then the other, making 10 more - pelvic area: tense and relax all the muscles at the muscles) such as: - back of the lower legs: point and tense your toes same time - legs and feet: tense and relax all the muscles at the downward and then relax - upper leg: pull your kneecap toward your hip and then same time. • After another week abandon the 'tightening up' part of the relax - buttocks: squeeze together and then relax exercise - simply lie and focus on different regions, - back of shoulders: draw the shoulder blades together noting whether they are tense. Instruct them to relax if they are. and then relax • Do the exercise daily. - abdominal area: pull in or push out the abdomen • There are no contraindications to these relaxation exercises. strongly and then relax - arms and shoulders: draw the upper arm into your JChaitow l, Delany 2002 Clinical Application of Neuromuscular Techniques. Vol 2: the lower Body © 2002, Elsevier Science Limited

APPENDIX 579 Patient self-help. Exclusion diet products; beef; chicken; alcoholic drinks; cake; biscuits; oranges or other citrus fruits; eggs; chocolate; lamb; In order to identify foods which might be tested to see artificial sweeteners; soft drinks; pasta. whether they are aggravating your symptoms, make notes of the answers to the following questions. To test by 'exclusion', choose the foods which appear 1. List any foods or drinks that you know disagree with you most often on your list (in questions 1-6 and the ones highlighted in the first color, as being eaten at least once or which produce allergic reactions (skin blotches, daily). palpitations, feelings of exhaustion, agitation, or other symptoms). • Decide which foods on your list are the ones you eat NOTES: most often (say, bread) and test wheat, and possibly other grains, by excluding these from your diet for at least 2. List any food or beverage that you eat or drink at least 3-4 weeks (wheat, barley, rye, oats and millet). once a day. NOTES: • You may not feel any benefit from this exclusion (if wheat or other grains have been causing allergic reactions) for 3. List any foods or drink that would make you feel really at least a week and you may even feel worse for that first deprived if you could not get them. week (caused by withdrawal symptoms). NOTES: • If after a week your symptoms (muscle or joint ache or 4. List any food that you sometimes definitely crave. pain, fatigue, palpitations, skin reactions, breathing NOTES: difficulty, feelings of anxiety, etc.) are improving, you should maintain the exclusion for several weeks before 5. What sorts of food or drink do you use for snacks? reintroducing the excluded foods - to challenge your NOTES: body - to see whether symptoms return. If the symptoms do return after you have resumed eating the excluded 6. Are there foods which you have begun to eat (or drink) food and you feel as you did before the exclusion period, more frequently/more of recently? you will have shown that your body is better, for the time NOTES: being at least, without the food you have identified. 7. Read the following list of foods and highlight in one color • Remove this food from your diet (in this case, grains - or any that you eat at least every day and in another color wheat if that is the only grain you tested) for at least those that you eat three or more times a week: bread 6 months before testing it again. By then you may have (and other wheat products); milk; potato; tomato; fish; become desensitized to it and may be able to tolerate it cane sugar or its products; breakfast cereal (grain mix, again. such as muesli or granola); sausages or preserved meat; cheese; coffee; rice; pork; peanuts; corn or its products; • If nothing was proven by the wheat/grain exclusion, similar margarine; beetroot or beet sugar; tea; yogurt; soya elimination periods on a diet free of dairy produce, fish, citrus, soya products, etc. can also be attempted, using your questionnaire results to guide you and always choosing the next most frequently listed food (or food family). T his method is often effective. Wheat products, for example, are among the most common irritants in muscle and joint pain problems. A range of wheat-free foods are now available from health stores which makes such elimination far easier. Chaitow l, Delany J 2002 Clinical Application of Neuromuscular Techniques. Vol 2: the lower Body © 2002, Elsevier Science Limited

580 APPENDIX Patient self-help. Oligoantigenic diet Drinks To try a modified oligoantigenic exclusion diet, evaluate the Allowed: herbal teas such as camomile and peppermint, effect of excluding the foods listed below for 3-4 weeks. spring, bottled or distilled water Forbidden: tea, coffee, fruit squashes, citrus drinks, apple Fish juice, alcohol, tap water, carbonated drinks Allowed: white fish, oily fish Miscellaneous Forbidden: All smoked fish Allowed: sea salt Vegetables Forbidden: all yeast products, chocolate, preservatives, None are forbidden but people with bowel problems should all food additives, herbs, spices, honey, sugar of any avoid beans, lentils, Brussels sprouts and cabbage sort Fruit • If benefits are felt after this exclusion, a gradual introduction of one food at a time, leaving at least 4 days Allowed: bananas, passion fruit, peeled pears, between each reintroduction, will allow you to identify pomegranates, papaya, mango those foods which should be left out altogether - if Forbidden: all fruits except the six allowed ones symptoms reappear when they are reintroduced. Cereals • If a reaction occurs (symptoms return, having eased or vanished during the 3-4 week exclusion trial), the Allowed: rice, sago, millet, buckwheat, quinoa offending food is eliminated for at least 6 months and a Forbidden: wheat, oats, rye, barley, corn 5-day period of no new reintroductions is followed (to clear the body of all traces of the offending food), after Oils which testing (challenge) can start again, one food at a time, involving anything you have previously been eating, Allowed: sunflower, safflower, linseed, olive which was eliminated on the oligoantigenic diet. Forbidden: corn, soya, 'vegetable', nut (especially peanut) Dairy Allowed: none (substitute with rice milk) Forbidden: cow's milk and all its products including yogurt, butter, most margarine, all goat, sheep and soya milk products, eggs Chaitow l, Delany J 2002 Clinical Application of Neuromuscular Techniques. Vol \"2: the lower Body © 2002, Elsevier Science Limited

Index Nu mbers in bold indicate figures and tables. Acromioclavicular joints, position, 43-44, 46 Airbags, 1 02 injuries, 1 04 Abdominal pain, 277 Actin filaments, 8, 465 side-impact, 1 04 Abdominal palpation, 277 Abdominal reflex areas, 278 Acture (active posture), 3 1 , 61 -62, 73 Alarm reaction, 22, 226 Abdominal surgery, scar tissue, 277-278 for bodyworkers, 96-1 01 Albert's d isease, 5 1 7 see also Gait Alcohol, anxiety and, 1 58 Abdominal viscera, 277, 281 , 282 Alexander technique, 55-56 Acupressure, 1 98 Abdominal wall muscles, 249, 276-290 Acupuncture, 1 98, 209 bodyworkers, 97 deep lateral, 249, 276, 290-298 Acute conditions, M ET, 203-204 sitting down, 1 1 3-1 1 6 functions, 33, 228, 276, 281 Acute injury, contraindicating N MT, 1 96 sitting position, 1 1 2-1 1 3 medial (anterior), 276, 283-287 Adaptability, lumbar spine, 225 Algometer, 1 89 ind ications for treatment, 284 Adaptation, 22�23 'Allergic myalgia', 1 54-155 N MT, 286-287 Allergies, 1 5 1 - 1 55 special notes, 284-286 general (GAS), 22-23 exclusion diet benefits, 1 56 MET, 289-290 local (LAS), 22-23 hyperventilation masquerading as, oblique dominance, 44-45 postural, 26 PRT, 290 to training, 1 29 1 53-1 54 somatovisceral reflexes, 278, 279 Adduction mechanisms, 1 52-153 superficial lateral, 276, 277, 279-283 hip see Hip adduction muscle pain and, 1 53, 1 54 indications for treatment, 281 subtalar joint, 507 skin, 466 Adduction stress test, knee, 475 testing for, 1 55-156 N MT and MFR, 281 -283, 284 Adductor brevis, 351 -352, 4 1 7-418 treatment strategies, 1 54-155, 1 77 Adductor hallucis (AdH ), 561 Allostasis, 1 6 special notes, 281 Adductor longus, 351 , 4 1 7 Alternate nostril breathing, 1 58, 1 75 toning exercises, 1 71 - 1 72, 293 Amenorrhea, secondary athletic, 1 31 tonus in upper quadrants, 44 Adductor magnus, 352, 41 8, 419, 434 American football, 1 45-146 NMT, 420, 421 American neuromuscular therapy (N MT), trigger points, 277-279, 281, 282, 285 Adductors, thigh, 140, 351 -354, 4 1 6-420 1 95, 1 98-2 1 0 see also specific mllscles attachments, 419 Amino acids (AAs), 1 59, 1 62 Abduction d ysfunction, 353 essential, 1 62 subtalar joint, 507 indications for treatment, 352 Android pelvis, 301 thigh see Hip abduction insertion avulsion syndrome, 353 Aneurysm, aortic, 232, 296 Abduction stress test, knee, 475 Angina pain, 232 Abductor digiti minimi (quinti), 560 N MT, 354-356, 420, 421 Angle Abductor hallucis (AbH), 559 N MT, 563, 564 role in walking, 41 8-420 of inclination, 392, 393, 395 Abductors, hip, 352-353, 421 -425 shortness Abscess, psoas, 353 of torsion of femur (anteversion), 395-396 Accessories, 1 09-1 1 1 MET, 356-357 Ankle Accessory movements PRT, 357 ankle, 505 testing for, 355-356 arthroscopy, 5 1 0 hip, 402-404 special notes, 352-354 fractures, 5 1 8-519, 529 strains, 1 38-140 injuries, first aid, 1 74 Accessory processes, lumbar spine, 217, 2 1 8 instability trigger points, 1 40, 142, 417, 418 Acetabu lum, 302, 392 or loss of neuromuscular control, 508 Acetylcholine (ACh), 1 9 see also Hip adduction postural foot reaction test, 508-509 Achilles tendinitis, 5 1 7, 538 Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), 9, 1 9 ligaments, 503-504 Achilles tendon, 532, 534 Adrenaline, 21 O'Connel's proprioception experiment, 508 assessment, 48 Age rocker, 76, 77 bursitis, 538 balance status and, 65-66 hip disorders and, 399 sprains, 507-5 1 0 anterior, 5 1 7 sacroiliac joint changes, 3 1 4 causing poor balance, 67 posterior, 516 vertebral changes, 219 complications, 510 eversion, MWM treatment, 515 N MT, 538, 539 Agonists, 1 1 imaging, 509 Aids, postural effects, 1 09-1 1 1 inversion, MWM treatment, 515 rupture, 5 1 7 proximal tibiofibular joint and, 500 Acidosis, 1 56 Air circulation on airplanes, 1 07 581 conditioning, cars, 101 A i r travel, 1 04-107

582 INDEX Ankle (colltd) Arcuate line, 277 Balance sandals, 68, 69, 509 types, 508 Arcuate popliteal ligament, 457 wider impliciltions, 509-51 0 Arcuate-popliteus complex, pivot shift test, Baldry tendon (jerk) reflex, 246-247 476 hip problems, 407-409 Ankle (tillotibiofibulilr) joint, 502-51 7 Arms somatovisceral reflexes, 278 Ballet dancers, 1 42 assessment ilnd treiltment, 5 1 1 -5 '1 5 distance to torso, 44 Ballistic movements, 1 2 d orsiflexion restriction Ballotement test, knee effusion, 463 in gait analysis, 82, 83 'Banana' stretch, 261 -262 M ET, 5 1 4 Barlow, sitting down, 1 1 3-1 1 6 testing, 514 length, comparison of apparent, 294 Baroreceptors, 63 movements, 498, 504--505 posture, 44 Barriers, in MET, 202, 203 MWM treil tment of restricted, 5 1 5 upper Base (of support) plilntilTflexion restriction bodyworkers, 96 MET, 5 1 4 elastic bands, 11 0 width, in gait analysis, 81 testing, 514 Baseball, 1 37, 1 46 plilY short, 55, 1 1 1 Basketbal l, 1 47 Bath, neutral (body heat), 1 73 ilnteroposterior glide, 5 1 2, 513 Arousal, psychological, 23 Baycroft, patellofemoral dysfunction, 467 Arthritis, 88, 1 5 1 Bedrest, 236 distmction, using long-axis extension, Beevor's sign, 285 5 1 1 -5 1 2 lumbar spine, 236 see also Osteoarthritis Belching, 279, 282 medial ilnd laterill tilt, 5 1 2 Arthrography, ankle, 509 testing and mobilizing, 511 Arthroplasty see Joint, replacement Belt, pelvic stabilizing, 306 problems, verSlls subtalar problems, Arthroscopy Biceps brachii tendon, 21 ankle, 510 Biceps femoris, 432-433, 434, 489-490, 499 5 1 3-514 knee, 464 Ankylosing spondylitis, 232 Articularis genus, 482, 484 in gait, 77-78, 79, 3 1 7 Annulus fibrosus, 2 1 9, 221 Articulation, 210 Anorexia, 279 see also Mobilization PRT, 491 Anserine bursil, 489 ARTI (TART) acronym, 1 85, 236, 401 sacroiliac joint and, 313, 315 Antilgonists, 1 1 , 1 68 ASIS see Anterior superior iliac spines sacrotuberous ligament and, 379 Aspartame, 1 53, 1 55 speciaI notes, 491 releasing tone, 205-206 Asthma, 1 56 tendon, 491 Antillgic gait (limping), 87-88 Aston, postural patterns, 55 see also Hamstrings Anterior compartment of leg, 530, 550-555 Asymmetry, normal postural, 59-61 , 66 Biochemical factors, 2-3, 1 94, 226-227 Ataxia, balance retraining, 69 therapeutic modification, 1 94 NMT, 554 Ataxic gait, 87, 88 Biochemical self-help methods, 1 76-177 Anterior compartment syndrome, 550, 554 Athletes, 1 36-140 Bioflavonoid supplements, citrus-based, 1 38 Anterior cruciilte ligament (ACL), 450, bodywork and rehabilitation, 1 38 Biological synchronicity, 1 55 groin strains, 1 38-140, 1 4 1 Biomechanical factors, 2-3, 1 93, 226-227 455-456 hamstring injuries, 136-1 38, 437 knee taping, 465 assessing for damage, 475-476 nutrition, 1 38 therapeutic modification, 1 94 inju ries, 462 objectives of treatment, 1 36 Biomechanical self-help methods, 1 66-172 PRT for dysfunction, 479-480 overtraining see Overtraining Bird's eye view of pelvis, 50-51 , 339 surgical repair, compression mobilization Athletics, 1 36-140 Bladder Attachment, muscle, 1 0 problems, 279 after, 477-478 Attachment trigger points, 1 0, 1 9 voiding, 335-336 Anterior drawer test, 476 formation, 1 9 Bland, Jeffrey, 1 59-160 Anterior intermuscular septum, 550 location and palpation, 201 Blood pressure, weight training and, 145 Attitude, posture and, 58 Body language, 1 83 Anterior longitudinal ligament, 220, 222 Auditory meatus, 49 Anterior mid-sagittal plane, 42 Autogenic training (AT), 1 58, 1 85, 1 86 Body types, 6 1 , 62 Automobiles (cars), 1 01 - 1 04 Anterior sacroiliac ligament, 3 1 2, 376 accidents see Motor vehicle accidents Body use, improving, 1 97 child restraints, 1 04, 1 05 Anterior superior iliac spines (ASIS), 305, 306 risk factors, 1 0 1 - 1 02 BodyCushions, 99, 101 d istance to midline/ umbilicus, 5 1 , 52 seatbelts and airbags, 1 02 vibration factor, 101 Bodyworkers in iliosacral dysfunction, 339-340 Avascular necrosis, talus, 519 acture guidelines, 96-1 01 positional assessment, 45, 5 1 , 52, 330, 332 to PSIS relationship, 48, 49-50 Avulsion injuries, 1 32, 134 close environment, 96 Anterior talofibular ligament (ATL), 504 Bogduk PRT, 5 1 5 Axillary folds, 22 sprains, 508 facet joint terminology, 225 Anterior tibiofibular ligaments, 498 Babinski test, 247 thoracolumbar fascia, 248-249 Back brace, 1 1 0 Bone Anterior transverse horizontal planes, 42 Back pain, backache, low see Low back pain metabolism, 161 Backpacks, 1 1 0, 264 pathology, 402 Anthropoid pelvis, 301 Bacteria, prevention of transmission, 365, Booster seats, child car passengers, 1 04, 1 05 Anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs), Bow legs (genu varus), 83, 449 382, 427 Bowel enhancement, 1 55 68, 509 Baker's cyst, 468, 493 Bowstring test, 240-242 Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), 1 60 Balance, 31 Bradykinin, 21 Anus, working near, 365, 427 Brain trauma, mild, 65, 1 03 Anxiety, 24 age-related changes, 65-66 Bras (brassieres), 1 1 0-1 1 1 disturbances, 65-70 biochemistry, 1 57 Brassica fa mily, 1 60 d iet and, 1 57-1 59 causes, 66-67 Breakdancers, 1 42 hyperventilation, 1 55 rehabilitation, 68-70, 509 Breast cancer, 1 1 1 nutritional defiCiency and, 1 59 training, 68-70, 509 Brea thing Aorta Balance board training, 68, 509 aneurysm, 232, 296 abdominal muscle function, 276, 281 pulsation, 295, 297 air tmvelers, 1 07 Apley compression test, 477 distraction test, 477 Appendicitis, 279, 285 Arachidonic acid, 1 51 , 1 52-1 53, 1 76

INDEX 583 Breathing (colltd) Center of gravi ty, 81 Cognitive dimension, 1 66 alternate nostril, 1 58, 1 75 bodyworkers, 97 Coherence, 1 65-166 anti-arousal (calming) exercise, 1 75 Cold compress, self application, 1 73 blood biochemistry and, 1 56-157 Central motor control, 228-229 Colic, intestinal, 279, 285 cooperation in MET, 203 Central trigger points (CTrP), 1 9 Collagen fibers, 4-5, 452 driving position and, 1 1 7 Collars, 1 1 0 palpation and treatment, 200 dysfunction, 24-25, 55, 1 56-157 Cerebellar gait, 87 Collateral ligaments, knee, 456-457 Cervical d istortion, 43 Collodiaphysial angle (of inclination), 392, lumbar spinal stability and, 229 Cervical d ysfunction musicians, 1 23 393, 395 nasal, sleeping position and, 1 22 disequilibrium problems, 66 Colloids, 3-4, 5, 1 97 quadratus lumborum function, 25, 259 pelvic imbalance and, 67 Common compensatory pattern (CCP), 7 reducing shoulder movement during, 1 74 Cervical ligament, subtalar joint, 506 restoring normal, 1 66, 1 94 Chain reactions, 25-26 Common peroneal nerve, 243, 244, 548 serratus posterior inferior function, 258 Chains, trigger point, 26 upper chest, 24, 25 Chairs, 1 12, 1 1 4-1 1 5 avoidance during therapy, 546, 549-550 wave test, 267 armrests, 1 1 1 , 1 1 5 Compartment syndromes, 552 see also Hyperventilation better design, 1 1 2 Bromelaine, 1 38, 1 51 criteria, 1 1 2 exertional (ECS), 552 a s health hazards, 1 1 2 Compartments of leg, 530 Briigger relief position, 1 1 7, 118, 1 72 Compensation, 26 Norwegian kneeling, 1 12, 113 Bunion, 528 fascial, 7 Burnout, 1 32 sitting positions, 1 1 1 postural, 32 see also Seats Compensa tory pattern, common (CCP), 7 see also Overtra ining Chaitow, Boris, 1 98 Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), 511 Bursae hydrotherapy, 201 Compliance, patient, 1 65-167 I IT, 208 Compress, cold (warming), 1 73 Achilles tendon, 534 Chaperones, 287, 338, 353 Compression hip region, 392, 41 1 , 424-425, 426, 430 Chapman, neurolymphatic reflexes, 278 mobilization, after knee surgery, 477-478 knee region, 453, 454 Charcot gait, 87 MWM approach for foot, 565, 566-567 pelvic region, 292, 364, 366 Charcot's joints, 529 palpation and, 202 Bursitis Chemoreceptors, 1 5, 63 pincer techniques, 202 Achilles tendon, 516, 5 1 7, 538 Chest pain, non-cardiac, 279, 28 1 , 285 inferior calcaneal, 516 Child abuse, 380 piriformis, 373, 374 knee, 463, 468 Children car restraints, 1 04, 1 05 Computers 'C' curve, observation, 251 carrying, 1 1 0 for postural assessment, 39 computer use, 1 1 7 sitting in front of, 1 1 4- 1 1 5, 1 1 7-1 1 8 'C'-shape, bending tissues into, 275, 276, 423 gait problems, 89 low back pain, 247 Concordance, 1 65-166, 1 67 Cadence, 81 overtraining, 1 32 Conditioning exercises, 1 96-197 Caffeine, 1 58-159 Cholelithiasis, 279 Connective tissue, 3-4 Calcaneal gait, 87 Calcaneal spur syndrome, 515-516 Chondromalacia patellae, 1 32, 134, 466, 468 definition, 3 Calcaneal stance position function, 3 self-treatment, 467 neutral (NCSP), 90 Chronic conditions, MET, 204-206 immobilization effects, 5-6 relaxed ( RCSP), 90 Chronic fatigue syndrome, 1 60, 1 87-188 Constitutional hydrotherapy (CH), 1 74 Calcaneal tendon see AchiLles tendon Chronic pain Consultation, first see Patient intake Calcaneocuboid joint, 522-523 Contact lenses, 1 1 0 Calcaneofibular ligament, 504 MET, 204-206 Contextual influences, 1 49-162 sprains, 508 N MT, 1 96-197 Calcaneonavicular ligament, 520 Chronobiology, 1 50 lumbar spine, 227 Circular muscles, 9 Continence, 385 Calcaneus, 505, 506 Circulatory hypothesis, PRT, 207 Contracture, 1 2, 1 3 epiphysitis (Sever's disease), 1 31 , 132, 133, Claw toe, 543, 557 Convergent muscles, 9 Coordination, restoring normal, 1 97 516 Clench zones, sitting position, 100 Corns, 528 fracture, 518 Calcium, 1 62 Close environment, 95-124 Coronal plane, 49 in bone metabolism, 1 6 1 airplane passengers, 1 04-107 i n trigger point formation, 1 9 bodyworkers, 96- 1 0 1 Cortisol, 1 50, 1 95 Calf clothing, jewelry, accessories a n d aids, cramps, nocturnal, 533 1 09-1 1 1 Coxa valgus, 392, 393, 395 flexors, 541 -543 computer work, 1 1 7- 1 1 8 Coxa varus, 84, 392, 393 muscular inflexibility, gait effects, 89-90 drivers, 1 01-1 04 shape assessment, 48 footwear, 1 07-109 Cranium, observation and assessment, 41 , 42 see also Posterior compartment of leg musicians, 1 20-124 Creep, 4, 1 97, 209 Calluses, 528 sitting posture, 1 1 1-1 1 7 Crohn's d isease, 232 Cancer, 150 sleeping, 1 1 8- 1 20 Cross-bridge cycle, 465 Capsulitis, 6 Crossed syndrome, Janda's, 25-26, 35 Carbohydrates, 1 62 Clothing Carbon dioxide (C02), 1 56-157 constrictive, 1 09-1 1 1 see also Lower crossed syndrome Cardiovascular d isease, causing facilitation, i n postural assessment, 39 Crossover sites, tissue preferences, 7 Cruciate ligaments, 455-456 1 6- 1 7 Co-contraction, in MET, 204 Cars see Automobiles Coccygeus muscle, 384, 385, 387 injuries, 462 'Cat and camel' exercise, 1 72 Coccygodynia, 386 see also Anterior cruciate ligament; Catecholamines, 195 Coccyx, 302, 3 1 0-311 Cauda equina, 222, 308 Posterior cruciate ligament alignment, 46 Crural, 498 syndrome, 232 Goodheart cephalad lift technique, 3 1 1 , 312 Crural arch, 503 treatment, 365, 383 Crural tibiofibular interosseous ligament, 498 CT (computed tomography) scans, 482 Cumulative trauma disorder (CTD), 1 1 7 Curl-up exercise, trunk, 234, 293 Cushions see Pillows/cushions Cycling, 1 46-147 Cytokines, 1 50

584 INDEX Dairy fat, 1 5 1 , 1 76 Ears preparation for treatment, 268 Dananberg, gait analysis, 82-83 assessing position, 42, 43, 46 PRJ, 271 -272 Dance, 1 40-143, 1 44 flare, 42 sacroiliac joint and, 315 'Dead-bug' exercise, 1 72, 234 shortness, 84, 85 Decompensation, 26 Eccentric exercise, 1 29 'Economy class syndrome', 1 06-107 tests, 266-267 fascial, 7 terminology, 263 Deep peroneal nerve, 243, 556 Ectomorph, 62, 327 trigger points, 265 Deep transverse fascia of leg, 531, 541 weakness Deep vein thrombosis (DVT), 1 06-107, 533, Edema, 1 95 Effleurage, 1 95, 1 99 assessment, 267, 268 534 E ffort, economy of, 97, 98 Defenses, host, 1 50 Effusion tap test, knee, 473 rehabilitation exercise, 264, 272 Dehydration, 1 60 E hlers-Danlos syndrome, 1 85, 1 86, 327 Erickson's technique (progressive muscular Deltoid ligament see Medial (deltoid) Eicosapentanoic acid (EPA), 1 5 1 , 1 56, 1 76 Elastic fibers, 4-5 relaxation), 1 58, 1 76 ligament Elastic support stockings, 1 06-107 Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), 248 Dental irregularities, musical instrument 'Essential pain zone', 21 Elasticity, 4 Estrogen replacement therapy, 161 choice and, 1 24 Elbows, posture, 44 European neuromuscular technique (NMT), Depression, posture in, 58 Elderly Dermatomes, lower limb, 240, 242 1 95, 1 98-199 Detoxification, 1 55, 1 59-1 60 balance retraining, 69-70 finger method, 1 99 hip fractures, 473 iliac fossa and symphysis pubis, 288-289 liver, 1 60 single leg stance test, 66 thumb method, 1 98-199 Diabetes mellitus, foot problems, 529 Electromagnetic receptors, 1 5, 63 see also Lief's neuromuscular technique Diaphragm Emotion Eversion, foot, 498 low back and pelvis and, 380-381 Excitotoxins, 1 53 in postural control, 33, 229 posture and, 58 Exercise in spinal stabilization, 223, 229 Emotional distress, 23-24 in osteoarthritis of knee, 469 trigger points, 229 Emotional release, 24, 353, 380 programs, compliance issues, 1 67 Diarrhea, 279, 281 End-feel training see Training Diet in hip pathology, 401 Exertional compartment syndrome (ECS), anti-inflammatory, 1 5 1 , 1 76 injured knee, 473 anxiety and, 1 57-159 Endocrine imbalance, in overtraining, 131 552 elimination, 1 56 Exhaustion phase, general adaptation exclusion, 1 55, 1 56, 1 77 Endomorph, 62 oligoallergenic, 1 56, 1 77 syndrome, 22 rotation, 1 56 Endomysium, 8, 9 Expectations, patient, 1 79-180 strategies, 1 56, 1 94 Endorphins, 1 97-198 Extension wheat-free, dairy-free, 1 55 Endurance factors, low back pain, 230-231 see also N u trition Endu rance training, 1 29, 1 30 hip see Hip extension Digital videography, 39 Energy knee, 458, 459 Dioxins, 1 60, 161 Extensor (Babinski) plantar test, 247 Disc, intervertebral see Intervertebral disc sources in muscle, 9 Extensor digitorum brevis (EDB), 556-557 'Discomfort scale', pressure, 1 97, 208 storage during gait, 78-80 N MT, 557-558 Disequ iiibrium Enkephalin, 1 98 Extensor digitorum longus (EDL), 553, 554, causes, 66-67 Enthesitis, 1 9 rehabilitation, 68-70, 509 Enthesopathy, 1 9 556 see also Balance, d isturbances Entrapment neuropathy see Nerve PRT, 555 Distal tibiofibular joint, 498, 505 Extensor hallucis brevis (EHB), 556-557 Distress, psychological, 23-24 entrapment N MT, 557-558 Diurnal rhythms, 1 50 Environment, close see Close environment tendon, 1 09 'Dizzy Dean' syndrome, 1 37 Enzymes, proteolytic, 1 38, 1 5 1 Extensor hallucis longus (EH L), 552-553 Dommerholt, 1 1 6, 1 23, 1 24 Epimysium, 8 Extensors Dorman Epiphysitis of calcaneus (Sever's disease), hip, 84, 432-436 crossed leg sitting, 316 knee, 482-487 sacroiliac joint, 315, 329 1 31 , 1 32, 133, 516 Exteroceptors, 63-65 Dorsal interossei (Dl), 558, 562 Equilibrium Extracellular matrix, 4-5 Dorsal (posterior) sacroiliac ligament, 3 1 2, Eyebrows, observation and assessment, 41, 42 d isturbances see Disequilibrium Eyes 377 scoliosis and, 67 assessing for dominant, 50 movements in MET, 203 Dorsiflexion, 498, 504-505 unstable, standing, 97, 98 observation and assessment, 4 1 , 42 restriction postural information, 63 MET, 5 1 4 Equine (high-stepping) gait, 87, 88 testing, 514 Erector spinae (thoracolumbar paraspinal Facet joints see Zygapophysial ( hicet) joints stability, 505 Facial features, assessment, 41 muscles), 223, 263-276 Facial pain, in musicians, 1 23 Dorsiflexors, 550-556 functional techniques, 268 Facilitation, 1 6-1 7 Draping, sheet, 364, 382 Driving hypertrophy, 47, 48 local, 1 6 segmental, 1 6-1 7 back pain and, 1 01 - 1 02 inappropriate firing (prone extension) Fascia, 4-6 breaks, 1 02 sequence test, 265-266 compensation, 7 respiratory function and, 1 1 7 decompensation, 7 vibration and, 1 01 lateral (superficial) tract, 263-272 see 11/50 Motor vehicle accidents definition, 3 Dysfunction assessment tests, 265-267, 268 factors causing/intensifying, 2-3, 1 93-194 effects of massage, 1 95 patterns, 25-26 indications for treatment, 264 function, 3 Dysmenorrhea, 279, 285 special notes, 264-265 postural patterns, 6-7 in lumbodorsal junction (LDJ) dyshll1ction, in proprioception, 1 5 259 medial (deep) tract, 263, 272-276 MET, 275-276 N MT, 273-274, 27S PRT, 276 MET, 269-271 MFR, 268 N MT, 268-269

INDEX 585 Fascia (eonld) Flexor digiti minimi (quinti) brevis (FOMB), 'short', 69, 70, 509 response to load, 4-5 561 -562 supinated (pes cavus), 48, 89, 526 tensegrity, 6-7 supports, 1 06, 1 1 1 , 1 1 5 Flexor digitorum accessorius see Quadratus toeing i n , 45 Fascial chains, 4, 265 plantae toeing out, 45 Fascial system, 3-4 weight distribution, 45, 46 Fascial web, 4 Flexor digitorum brevis (FOB), 559-560 Footwear see Shoes Fasciculi, 8 N MT, 563, 564, 565 Forearm Fatigue, 230 excessive pronation, 44 Fats, animal, 1 5 1 , 1 76 Flexor digitorum longus (FOL), 541 excessive supination, 44 Fatty acids, essential (EFA), 1 62 indications for treatment, 542 position, 44 Feldenkrais, 55, 57 plantar head see Quadratus plantae Forefoot, 498, 5 1 7, 526-529 Female PRT, 545 d isorders, 527-529 special notes, 542-543 rocker, 76, 77 athletes, overtraining, 131 Fractures, 402 pelvis, 301 Flexor hallucis brevis ( F HB), 542, 561 ankle and foot, 518-519, 529 thigh adductor treatment, 355 Flexor hallucis longus (FHL), 541 hip, 473 Femoral artery, 296, 354, 397 stress see Stress fractures Femoral condyles, 444, 446, 447 indications for treatment, 542 Friction Femoral nerve, 243, 397 special notes, 542-543 in traditional massage, 1 95 Femoral stretch test, 240 Flexors transverse, 1 95 Femorotibial joint, 444-460 hip see Hip flexors Fukuda-Unterberger stepping test, 60, 66 fibrous capsule, 453-454 knee, 84, 487-494 Functional assessment tests (Janda), 26, 184 menisci see Menisci, knee Flying, 1 04-107 hip, 400-401 , 435-436 synovial membrane, 453-454 fear of, 1 07 lumbar and pelvic area, 260, 321 -323 Femur, 303, 444-448 Foam, for balance retraining, 69 Functional hallux Iimitus (FH L), 6 1 , 9'1 -93, angle with tibia, 45 Food angle of torsion (anteversion), 395-396 allergies, 1 5 1 - 1 55 528-529 greater trochanters, 45, 49 assessnlent, 83, 93, 529 head, 392, 444 see also Food intolerance effects, 82, 9 1 -93 length d iscrepancy, 52-53 exclusion of specific, 1 54-155 treatment, 93, 529 muscular attachments, 445-447 Food intolerance, 1 5 1 - 1 55 Functional positional release technique patellar surface, 460 defining, 1 54 shaft, 444-446 hyperventilation masquerading as, (PRT), 207-208, 268 zone of weakness, 395 Functional unit, 1 1 Festinating gait, 87 153-154 Fungal infections, foot, 563 Fetal curve, 121 mechanisms, 1 52-153 FHL see Functional hallux Iimitus muscle pain and, 1 53 Gagey & Gentaz Fibromyalgia Network, 1 55 testing for, 1 55-156 posture, 56, 59-60, 66-67 Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) proprioception, 32, 63 after motor vehicle injuries, 1 02-103 treatment strategies, 1 54-155, 1 77 compliance with therapy, 1 67 Foot, 497, 520, 521 Gait, 73-93 d iagnosis, 1 89 abnormal, 87-93 hypermobility and, 1 85 arches, 523, 524-525 in children, 89 nutritional factors, 1 53, 154, 1 55, 1 59, 1 60 cavus, 48, 526 definitions, 87 thyroid hormone balance and, 1 60-161 d iabetic, 529 neurological patterns, 88-89 treatment approaches, 1 87-1 88 dorsal intrinsic muscles, 556-558 podiatric considerations, 89-93 Fibrosis, S, 6 determinants, 80, 81 MET method for reducing, 205 NMT, 557-558 energy storage during, 78-80 Fibula, 497, 498, 499 dorsal surface, 498 in functional hallux limitus, 82, 91 -93, 529 distal, 502 d rop, 88, 546 gluteus muscles, 424 head, 49, 500-501 flat (loading response), 74, 75, 76 in hip d isorders, 399-400 flat (pronated, pes planus), 48, 89, 523-526 leg muscles and, 534 MET for dysfunction, 501 -502 pelvis and, 80, 8 1 , 82-83, 3 1 6-31 7 MWM to release, 501 fractures, 518-51 9 sacroiliac joint function, 77, 78, 315-316 nerve entrapment possibility, 501 functional segments, 5 1 7 thigh adductors, 41 8-420 superior surfaces, 45 i n gait analysis, 83 Fibulocalcaneal ligament (FeL) sprains, 508 Goodheart's PRT guidelines, 565, 566 Gait analysis, 73-93 Fielder & Pyott, abdominal reflexes, 278 injuries, first aid, 1 74 chains of dysfunction, 84-85 Filum terminale, 308, 311 joints, 497 computerised, 39 Goodheart cephalad lift technique, 311, 312 movements, terminology, 498 Liebenson's clinical approach, 85-87 tethering, 232 Mulligan's M W M and compression measures, 81-82 Finger teChJlique, European N MT, 1 99 multiview, 82-83 Fingers, position, 44 methods, 565, 566-567 muscular imbalance, 83-84 First aid muscles, 530, 555-567 observation, 75, 82 foot and ankle injuries, 1 74 neuromusculoskeletal assessment, 530 potential d ysfunctions, 80-82 in hyperventilation, 158 orthoses, 1 08, 1 09, 526 Fish, 151, 1 56, 1 76 plantar muscles, 558-562 Gait cycle, 73-76 Rat back posture, 36 divisions, 74, 75-76 Flat foot (pes planus), 48, 523-526 actions, 562-563 musculoligamentous slings and influences, first layer, 559-560 77-78, 79, 3 1 5-316, 317 Flexion fourth layer, 562 foot and ankle, 498 N MT, 563-565 Gall bladder disease, 232, 293 hip see Hip flexion second layer, 560-561 Gastrocnemius, 488, 494, 531 knee see Knee, flexion third layer, 561 -562 lumbar spine see Lumbar spine, flexion plantar surface, 498 attachments, N MT, 536-537 position indications for treatment, 494, 531 bodyworkers, 96 N MT, 535, 536 sitting, 1 1 1 , 1 1 5 standing, 45, 90 terminology, 498 postural reaction test, 508-509 problems, gait dysfunction, 88, 89-93 pronated (pes planus), 48, 89, 523-526 sesamoid bones, 527, 567

586 INDEX Gastrocnemius (con/d) Goodheart, George, 206 Hands, position, 44 PRT, 540-541 filum terminale cephalad lift technique, Hannon, John, 55-56 special notes, 494, 532-533 311, 312 tight PRT of foot, 565, 566 bodyworkers' positioning, 97-101 patient positioning, 1 20 MET assessment, 538-539 'Gothic' shoulders, 43 trea tment house-rules, 1 00 M ET trea tment, 540 Gout, 528 Hat unit, 74 Gemellus inferior, 429, 430 Gracilis, 35 1 , 354, 4 1 7, 488-489 Hautant's test, 66 trea tment, 430-431 Gracovetsky Head Gemellus su perior, 427--428, 430 posture treatment, 430--431 gait model, 79-80 Gender di fferences lumbar spine biomechanics, 238-239 assessment, 42, 46, 49 carrying children, 11 0 Gravitational strain pathophysiology (GSP), bodyworkers, 97 motor vehicle injuries, 1 02 in gait analYSiS, 82, 83 overtraining effects, 1 31 32 sitting down, 1 1 5 pelvis, 301 Gravity sleeping o n airplanes, 1 05 in TMJ dysfunction, 61 General adaptation syndrome (GAS), 22-23 center of see Center of gravity tilt, 42, 46, 82 Genitals, male, 286, 338, 353 influences on posture, 32-33 Headaches, after motor vehicle injuries, 102, Genu valgum (knock knees), 83, 395, 449 use by bodyworkers, 98-99 Genu varus (bow legs), 83, 449 Greater sciatic foramen, 313, 370 1 03 Gilbert, Chris, 1 57, 1 65-166 Greater trochanters, 45, 49 ' Healing crisis', 194 Gillet test (standing iliosacral 'stork' test), Greenman Heart-sink patients, 1 80 ankle sprains, 500 333, 339 hip assessment methods, 402, 403 Heartburn, 279, 282 Gilmore's groin, 1 38, 1 4 1 leg length d iscrepancy, 328 Gliding techniques, 1 99-201 MET of superior innominate shear, 335 Heel pelvic assessment, 321 , 333-334, 336 Gloves, protective, 365, 382, 383, 386, 427, 563 psoas M ET, 297 elevation, high-heeled shoes, 1 07 Glucose rectus femoris, 411 to heel d istance, 81 Grieve lift (in gait cycle), 75, 83 blood, balancing strategies, 1 59 imposter symptoms, 1 80, 23 1 , 232 lifts (wedges), 1 08, 328, 526 d ietary intake, 1 57-158 psoas MET, 298 pads, 5 1 6 Glutathione, \"1 60 Groin pain, 1 39-140, 1 4 1 , 142, 143 rocker, 76 Gluteal folds, assessment, 48, 331 abdominal trigger points, 279, 281 spurs, 538 Gluteal muscles, 363-369 localizing source, 401 strike, 75, 76 Lief's (European) N MT, 368-369 Groin strains, 1 38-140 N MT, 367-368 Ground substance, 4-5 Height, working surface, 1 00-101 see also illdividllal ll7l lscles Growth hormone, 1 1 8, 1 50 Heinking, pelvic dysfunction, 326-327, 335 Gluteofemoral bursa, 364, 426 Guitar playing, 1 22, 123 H elicopod gait, 87 Gluteus maximus, 363-364, 426 Gutstein, abdominal reflexes, 278 Hemipelvis, small, 1 1 1 in gait, 78, 79, 31 7 Gymnastics, 1 40-143 Hemiplegic (circumduction, spastic) gait, 87, gait, 87 Gynaecoid pelvis, 302 as hip extensor, 432 Gynecological problems, 381 88 ind ications for treatment, 363, 426 Hemorrhoids, 381 inhibition/ weakness, 78, 84, 85, 320-321 Habits of use Hiatal hernia, 232, 279 MET self-care, 369 patterns of dysfunction as, 26 HigQ-stepping (equine) gait, 87, 88 N MT, 364-365, 426--427 posture and, 61 High velOCi ty, low amplitude ( H VLA) thrust, sacroiliac joint and, 3 1 5 reeducation, 191 special notes, 363-364, 426 1 9 1 , 250 strength and stamina testing, 323-324 Haglund's deformity, 5 1 6 Hindfoot, 498, 502-51 7 trigger poin ts, 364 Hallux limitus, functional see Functional Gluteus medius, 365-366, 423--424 assessment and treatment, 5 1 1 -515 gait, 87 hallux limitus d isorders, 5 1 5-51 7 ind ications for treatment, 366, 424 Hallux rigidus, 528 fractures, 518 inhibition /weakness, 86 Hallux valgus, 528 Hip abduction, 397, 42 1--425 NMT, 425 Hammer toe, 543, 557 altered, 86-87, 400-401 PRT, 369 Hamstrings, 432--436 tests, 86, 260, 322-323, 400 sacroiliac joint and, 3 1 5 Hip abductors, 352-353, 421 -425 special notes, 366-367, 424-2-4 5 functional balance test, 435--436 Hip add uction, 352-354, 397, 41 6-420 strength and stamina testing, 323-324 in functional hallux limitus, 92 altered, 398-399 trigger points, 366 functional length test, 332, 436 Hip add uctors see Adductors, thigh Gluteus minimus, 366, 424--425 in gait, 77, 78 ind ications for treatment, 366, 424 indications for treatment, 433--434, 490--491 Hip d ysfunction N MT, 425 injuries, 1 36-138, 437 assessment see Hip joint, assessment special notes, 366-367, 424--425 N MT, 436--438 classification by age, 399 trigger points, 366, 367 PRT, 439-440 clinical features, 397-399 Glycosaminoglycans, 5 shortened (tight), 85, 251 , 435--436 localizing, 401 Goal setting and pacing, 1 67 God frey sign, 476 assessment tests, 435--436 non-surgeons' views, 407--409 Golf, 1 46 MET, 438--439, 440 surgeon's view, 407 standing flexion test and, 333, 436 Hip extension, 396, 397, 432--440 Golgi end-organs, 1 4 standing PSIS symmetry test and, 332 altered, 83, 85-86, 91-93, 400 Golgi tendon receptors (organs), 1 4, 63, 64, therapeutic horizons, 440--441 tests, 85 versus short thigh add uctors, 355-356 65 special notes, 434--435 prone, 322, 400 trigger points, 78, 1 06, 434--435, 491 , 492 standing, 333 d irect pressure, 1 7 Handedness postu re, 36, 37 Hip extensors, 84, 432-436 therapeutic effects, 1 95, 203 see also Hamstrings Hip flexion, 396, 397, 409--4 1 6 tests seated, 334 spinal behavior during, 333-334 standing, 332-333, 339, 436

INDEX 587 Hip flexion /adduction (quadrant) test, H V LA thrust, 1 91 , 250 Imaging, 482, 509 Maitland's, 407 Hydrotherapy, 201 Immobilization, connective tissue changes, Hip flexors, 292, 4 1 0 constitutional (CH), 1 74 5-6 self-help methods, 1 73-1 74 Immune responses, 1 50, 1 52-153 assessment of shortness, 294, 295 5-Hydroxy-l-tryptophan (5-HTP), 1 59 Immu noglobu lin E (IgE), 1 5] , ] 52, 1 55, 1 56 Hypermobility, 1 85-186 weakness, 83, 84 compensa tory, 1 86 Imposter symptoms, 1 80 Hip fractures, 473 low back and sacroiliac joints, 327-328 low back pain, 231, 232 'Hip hike', 86, 88, 318 physiological, 1 86 Hip joint, 391 -440 Hyperventilation, 24-25 Incision sites, abdominal, 277-278 air travelers, 1 07 angle of inclination, 392, 393, 395 anxiety and, 1 55 I ncisors, observation and assessment, 43 biochemistry, 1 56-157 Induration technique, small, deep muscles of angle of torsion of femur, 395-396 first aid, 1 58 assessment, 397-409 masquerading as allergy /intolerance, low back, 276 Inertia, use by bodyworkers, 98-99 differentiation, 399-400 1 53-154 Infants false alarms, 401 treatment, 1 94 muscular involvement, 400-401 Hypoxia, in trigger point evolution, 2 1 car restraints, 1 04 signs of serious pathology, 401 -402 Hysteresis, 4 , 209 carrying, 11 0 tests, 402-409 H ysterical gait, 87, 89 I nferior articular facet, 217 using voluntary movement, 404-409 Inferior articular process, 217, 2 1 8 blood and nerve supply, 397 Ice packs, 1 73, 201 Inferior calcaneal bursitis, 516 compressive forces, 391 Ileitis, regional (Crohn's disease), 232 congenital dislocation, 84 Iliac crests, position, 45, 47, 5 1 Inferior gluteal nerve, 244, 364, 371 , 379 Iliac flare dysfunction dysfunction see Hip dysfunction I n ferior lateral angles (I LA) spring test, MET of inflare, 340 343 fibrous capsule, 392 MET of ou tflare, 340-341 in gait analysis, 83 standing assessment, 52 Inferior pubic ramus, 307 ligaments, 393-394 supine assessment, 339-340 Inferior transverse ligament, 498 mobilization (Schiowitz), 480 Iliac fossa, Lief's N MT, 288-289 I n flammation, 5, 1 51 movements Iliac rotational dysfunction anterior, M ET, 341-342 in chronic back pain, 229 accessor� 402-404 posterior, MET in prone position, 342-343 contraindicating N M T, 1 96 muscles producing, 397 supine assessment, 338-339 diurnal patterns, ] 50 potential, 396-397 Iliac subtendinous bursa, 292 immune responses and, 1 52-153 muscles, 409, 428 Iliacus, 290, 292, 348-349 nutritional approaches, 1 51 , 1 76 osteoarthritis (OA), 401 , 402-404, 407-409 indications for treatment, 349 Infra patellar bursae, 454 play, 402-404 N M T, 349-350 Infrapatellar bursitis, 468 PRT, 350-351 Infrapatellar fat pad, 454 relations, 397 special notes, 349, 410-4 1 1 Infraspinatus tendon, 21 replacement surgery, 407, 408, 409 tender points, 350 Inguinal disruption, 1 38, 1 4 1 stability, 68, 353, 392, 394-395 Iliococcygeus, 385 Inguinal dysfunction, PRT methods, 337-338 synovial membrane, 393 l liocostalis, 263 Inguinal lift, Morrison's, 337-338 Iliofemoral ligament, 392, 393-394, 395 Inguinal ligament, 296 Hip pain, 143, 397-398 Inguinal lymph nodes, enlarged, 1 40, 411 Iliolumbar ligament, 221, 222, 223, 374, 376 cautions, 402 region, 374-376, 377 I nguinal pain see Groin pain localizing source, 399, 401 -402 non-surgical views, 407-409 indications for treatment, 375 Inhibition, in traditional massage, 1 95 surgeon's view, 407 N MT, 375-376 Initial swing, 76, 77 trigger points causing, 409 special notes, 375 Injury Hip rotation, 425-431 Iliopectineal bursa, 292 lateral, 397, 425 Iliopsoas muscle, 4 1 0-411 acute, contraindicating N MT, 1 96 medial, 397, 425-426 assessment of shortness, 294 connective tissue changes, 5 Hip rotators, 425-426 breathing dysfunction and, 25 indications for trea tment, 429 in functional hallux limitus, 9 1 cycle, 139 MET, 431 indications for treatment, 4 1 0 N MT, 430-431 trigger points, 293 recovery process, 1 28, 1 29-130 special notes, 429-430 weakness, 84 see also Iliacus; Psoas major sport-related see Sports-related problems Histamine, 1 52-153 Innominate bones, 302, 304, 306-307 Iliopsoas tendon, 296, 350, 4 1 1 Histiocytes, 3 I liosacral dysfunction, 329-330 muscle attachments, 303, 304, 306, 307 static positional testing, 330, 331 History-taking, 1 81 - 1 83 standing flexion test, 332-333, 339, 436 see also Ilium; Ischium; Pubis Homan's sign, 534 standing 'stork' (Gillet) test, 333, 339 Homeostasis supine evaluation, 338-340 Innominate shear dysfunction testing and treating, 326-331 inferior (downslip), 335 lumbar spine, 225-227 Iliotibial band (ITB), 358, 422, 457, 482 superior (upslip), 335 pelvis, 318 friction syndrome, 358 M ET, 335 Hoover's test, 242 pivot shift test, 476 supine assessment, 335 Hoppenfeld, 251 treatment, 359-360, 422, 423 Hormone replacement thera py, 1 6 1 in walking, 78, 3 1 7 see also Pubic (shear) dysfunction Hot and cold applications, 201 abdominal wall muscles, 283 Iliotrochanteric band, 394 Insecticides, ] 50 muscles of lumbar lamina groove, 273-274 I nsertion, muscle, 1 0 llium, 302, 306 Integrated neuromuscular inhibition see also Hydrotherapy technique (INIT), 208 Housemaid's knee, 468 Intercondylar eminence, 450 H u merus I n tercondylar fossa, 447-448 Intercornual ligaments, 307 head, 49 Intercostal muscles, 1 68, 265 Intercostal treatment, Lief's, 287-288 short, 55, 1 1 1 Interdigital nerve neuralgia (pain), 527 Interdigital perineural fibrosis, 527 Humor, 180 Intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve, Hunter's canal, 415, 488 neuralgia, 510 Intermittent claudication, 20-21

588 IN DEX Internal iliac artery, entrapment by restriction movements, 457-460 piriformis, 313 compensatory hypermobility, 327 muscles, 480-494 MET, 203 NMT for medial region, 489 Interosseous membrane, 497, 498, 550 mobilization with movement, 2 1 0 osteoarthritis (OA), 469-470 Interosseous sacroiliac ligament, 77, 3 1 2, sequencing o f therapy, 250 versus soft tissue problems, 1 90 overuse injuries, 1 32, 134 376-377 Interosseous talocalcaneal ligament, 505, 506 techniques destabiliZing, 1 89 pain, 463 Interphalangeal (IP) joints, 5 1 9, 526 treatment choices, 1 88-1 9 1 proprioception, 470 Jones, Laurence, 206, 207 PRT for damage/ injuries, 478-480 Interspinales muscles, 223, 263, 274, 275 juhan, tensegrity, 6 relations, 457 NMT, 274, 275 Jumper's knee, 464 relative positions, 52-53 jumping sports, 1 47 replacement (arthroplasty), 462, 470 Interspinous ligaments, 221, 222, 224 Kapandji knee manipulation after, 470 I nterspinous-supraspinous-thoracolumbar knee joint, 443, 444, 45 1 , 452-453, 459 'screw home' locking mechanism, 450, 456, ligamentum teres, 394 (1ST) ligamentous complex, 224 plantar vault, 524 459 posture of musicians, 120-123 soft tissue manipula tion, 470-471 lntertransversarii lateralis and media les, 263, sprains and strains, 462-463 274, 275 Kendall surgery, compression mobilization after, sciatic pain, 371 lntertransverse Ugament, 221 , 222 static postures, 35, 36 477-478 swelling/effusion, 463-464 Intervertebral disc Kent, David, A Postllml Al1alysis Grid Chart, taping, 465-466 degeneration, 236 38 weight-bearing forces, 449 function, 224 Knock knees (genu valgum), 83, 395, 449 joint, 2 1 8, 2 1 9 Kernig test, 242 Korr, Irwin syndromes, role of muscles, 1 90 Kidney d isease, 293 nerve transport, 547 Kinesiology, applied, 1 7 postu re, 32 Intestinal colic, 279, 285 Kinetic chain concept, 137 reporting stations, 1 4, 1 6 Intolerance, food see Food intolerance Kuchera, Michael lntrarectal treatment protocol, 384, 386-387 i n hamstring injuries, 1 36, 1 37 pelvic region, 253-254, 325 Inversion, foot, 498 in tennis players, 1 46 posture, 32, 33, 56 Iron, 1 62 Kneading, 195 Kuchera, William Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), 1 56 Knee, 443-494 erector spinae, 264 Ischemia, 20-2 1 , 22 alignment, 83, 449 psoas spasm, 294 arthrokinematics, 458-460 Kuchera & Goodridge, ankle sprains, 508 in target tissues, 21 arthroscopy, 464 Kuchera & Kuchera, leg length discrepancy, treatment-induced, 1 97 articulation/mobilization (Schiowitz), in trigger point evolution, 1 9, 2 1 328 Ischial bursa, 364, 426 480-481 Kyphosis, 46, 247 Ischial tuberosities, positional assessment, aspiration of fluid, 464 Kyphosis-lordosis posture, 36 assessment of soft tissue injuries, 471 -480 330, 331 Labyrinthine dysfunction, 67 Ischiococcygeus (coccygeus) muscle, 384, active physiological movement, 473-474 Lachman maneuver, 475 effusion tap test, 473 Lactate, blood, 1 57, 1 58 385, 387 palpation, 472 Laminae Ischiofemoral ligament, 392, 394 passive physiological movement, 474 Ischium, 302, 306-307 phYSical examination, 471-472 lumbar spine, 217, 218 Isokinetic contractions, 205 range of motion testing, 472-473 lsolytic contractions, 205 stress testing, 474-477 sacral, 307 axiaI rotation, 458 Lateral arcuate ligament, 223 erector spinae, 270 bursae, 453, 454 Lateral compartment of leg, 530, 545-550 I sometric contractions, 1 0 bursitis, 463, 468 creases at back, 48 NMT, 549-550 i n MET, 203-205 d isorders Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve entrapment Isotonic concentric contractions, 1 0 assessment protocols, 461-464 common, 464-470 see Mera19ia paresthetica i n MET, 205 extension, 458, 459 Lateral (fibular) collateral ligament (LeL), Isotonic eccentric contractions, 1 0 extensors, 482-487 flexion, 457-458, 459 453, 456-457 i n MET, 205-206 during gait, 81 assessing for damage, 475 slow, erector spinae, 270-271 dysfunction, M W M, 481 injuries, 462, 472 passive, 547, 548 PRT for dysfunction, 479 janda range of motion (FROM), 477-478 Lateral foramen stenosis, 236 classification of muscles, 34-35 flexor tendon contractures, 491 Lateral intertransverse muscles, 223 crossed synd romes, 25-26, 35 flexors, 84, 487-494 see also Lower crossed syndrome hamstrings and, 434 Lateral longitudinal arch of foot,_ 524, 525 imaging, 482 erector spinae tests, 266, 267, 268 jerk (patellar tendon) reflex, 246 Lateral malleolus, 498, 502 jOint play, 474, 475 Lateral meniscus, 450, 452, 453, 492 functional tests see Functional assessment joints see Femorotibial jOint; Patellofemoral tests (Janda) McMurray test, 476 joint motor learning, 1 8 ligaments, 454-457 Lateral plantar nerve, 244 'short foot' concept, 69 thigh add uctor shortness, 356 injuries, 462-463 Lateral talocalcaneal l igament, 506 jewel ry, 1 09-1 1 1 see also illdividllal ligaillellt5 Latex allergy, 382 joint mobilization with movement, 481-482 Latey hypermobility, 1 85-186, 327-328 image posture, 32, 56-58 mobility / stability tests, 184 lower fist, 59, 380-381 Latissimus dorsi, 253-257 mobilization/ manipulation, 1 89 assessment of shortness/ dysfunction, 254 play in gait, 78, 79, 3 1 7 ankle and subtalar joints, 5 1 1 -5 1 3 hip, 402-404 indications for treatment, 253 knee, 474, 475 Lief's NMT approach, 256 proximal tibiofibular joint, 500-501 replacement (arthroplasty) hip, 407, 408, 409 knee, 462, 470

INDEX 589 Latissimus dorsi (contd) Lief's neuromuscular technique, 1 98-199 simple backache, 231 , 235-236 abdominal and related areas, 287-289 sitting posture and, 1 1 6-1 1 7 MET, 255-256 knee region, 471 NMT, 254-255 lower thoracic and lumbar area, 256 sleeping position and, 1 19, 121 PRT, 257 pelvic region, 349, 368-369 sacroiliac jOint and, 315 treatment choices, 1 91 special notes, 253-254 Lifestyle changes, 1 94-195 treatment sequencing, 250 trigger points, 255 Lifting, 231 , 238-239, 249 weight training and, 1 43-145 Ligaments Layer syndrome posture, 36 see also Lumbar spine Leaky gut syndrome, 1 52, 1 54 ankle joint, 503-504 Lederman, muscle tone, 1 0 hip, 393-394 Lower crossed syndrome, 35, 3 1 8-319, 321 , Lee knee, 454-457 400 assessment tests, 1 84, 326 lumbar spine, 220-222, 224 in gymnasts and dancers, 1 40 gluteus strength testing, 324 pelviS, 305, 3 1 2-313 treatment sequencing, 31 9-320 hip assessment, 399-400, 401 , 404 Lower fist, Latey's, 59, 380-381 pelvic stability, 3 1 5-316 talocalcaneal (subtalar) joint, 506-507 Lower limb assessing freedom of movement, 53-54 sacroiliac assessment, 330, 331, 333 Ligamentum flavum, 220, 221, 222 Ligamentum patella see Patellar tendon cutaneous nerve supply, 241 Leg, 497-502 anterior compartment, 530, 550-555 Ligamentum teres, 394 deep tendon reflexes, 245-247 compartments, 530 Light rays, deviation of, 66 crossing, 1 1 1 , 316 Lighting, 1 1 5 derma tomes, 240, 242 lateral compartment, 530, 545-550 Limb advancement (LA), 75 lateral or medial rotation, 53, 54 muscles, 530-555 Limbic system, 1 6, 32 lymphatic drainage, 412 Limping, 87-88 nerves, 243-244 posterior see Posterior compartment of leg Linea alba, 249, 277 pain, in low back problems see Nerve root restless, 1 54, 533 in iliosacral dysfunction, 339 p a i n / compression straightening test, 436 Lief's NMT, 288 separated, 45, 285, 286 see also Ankle; Foot; Hip; Knee; Leg; Thigh see also Lower limb Linn, postural analysis, 56 Lipoma, 251 Lubricant, 1 97, 1 98, 386 Leg length discrepancy Liver detoxification, 1 60 Luggage, heavy, 1 1 0 Load, 4 Lumbar lamina, 272-276 assessment, 46, 52-53, 54, 90, 332 response of tissue, 4-5, 209 Local adaptation syndrome (LAS), 22-23 groove muscles, N M T, 273-274 in erector spinae dysfunction, 265 Lockett, Ricky, 1 1 7-1 1 8 Lumbar plexus, 292 gait patterns, 83, 88, 90 Locomotion, 62 Lumbar spine, 2 1 5-298 interventions, 328 Leukotrienes, 1 5 1 , 1 76 seealso Gait abdominal toning exercises, 1 71 Levangie & Norkin adaptability, 225 foot, 51 9-520, 523, 524 Locomotor unit, 73-74 assessment protocols, 249-252 hip joint, 391 , 398 Long-axis extension associated structures, 222-223 hip/ thigh muscles, 352-353, 416, 425-426 contextual environment, 227 ankle and subtalar joints, 5 1 1 -5 1 2 emotion and, 380-381 iliotibial band, 457 h i p (Mennell), 403-404 extension strains, 271-272 knee, 443, 444, 454, 459-460 Longissimus capitis, 264 flexibility, 225 knee ligaments, 456 Longissimus cervicis, 264 menisci of knee, 451 , 492 Longissimus thoracis, 223, 264 exercises see Spinal flexibility exercises quadriceps muscles, 485 trigger points, 229, 267 subtalar joint, 506, 507 flexible stability, 225 Levator ani, 384, 385 Longitudinal arch of foot, 524, 525 flexion intrarectal protocol, 387 trigger points, 386 Longitudinal muscle-tendon-fascial sling, assessment, 251 Levy, examination of injured knee, 471-472 77, 3 1 7 relaxation response, 264-265 Lewit, Karel, 1 96 strains, 272, 290 clothing, 1 1 1 Longitudinal muscles, 9 functions (movements), 2 1 5-2 1 6 disequilibrium problems, 66, 69 Lordosis in gait analysis, 83 functional pathology of locomotor system, identification of imbalances, 225-231 cervical, 46 injuries 1 5, 471 lumbar, 46 motor vehicle accidents, 1 04 gait dysfunction, 84-85 sports-related, 1 4 1 - 1 42, 1 46 hip dysfunction, 398-399, 401 -402 excessive, 1 40 intervertebral joints, 21 8-220 knee joint play, 474 Low back see Lumbar spine ligaments, 220-222, 224 low back pain, 1 1 9, 226, 229 mini-myofascial release, 252 Low back pain, 231 -249 weakness, causing backache, 235-236 proximal tibiofibular joint play, 500 abdominal muscles and, 228, 281 , 286 muscle and tendon fatigue/ ischemia, 235 after motor vehicle injuries, 1 02 sacnml, 310, 311 in athletes, 1 36, 143-145, 146 muscular attachments, 223, 224 balance problems, 67 sports-related problems, 1 40-1 4 1 , 1 45 diagnostic triage, 231 -234 myofascial elements, 251 -252 tensor fasciae latae palpation, 358-359 driving and, 1 01 -1 02 N MT protocols, 253-276 treatment choices, 1 90 emotional aspects, 380-381 Liebenson, Craig, 1 65, 1 96, 202 etiology, 235-236, 392 pain see Low back pain balance retraining, 68, 69, 70, 509 in functional hallux limitus, 93 gait analysis, 85-87 imposter symptoms, 231 , 232 pelvic problems and, 318-321 gluteus strength testing, 324 muscle fiber atrophy, 1 3 serious pathology, 231 , 240, 247-248 knee disorders, 464-467 neurological examination, 240-247 low back problems, 229, 230-231 , 267 pelvic problems and, 31 8-321 sidebending, 222, 223 MET for gluteus maximus, 369 MET of pubic d ysfunction, 337 radicular see Nerve root pain/ compression stability, 225, 227 patient compliance, 1 66, 1 67 assessment, 232-233 postural analysis, 56 red flags, 247-248 central and peripheral control, 228-229 spinal stabilization exercises, 233-234 rehabilitation, 167 choices made by muscles, 229-230 sacral tender points, 346-347 coordination, 227-228 sacroiliac joint causing, 236, 329 endurance factors, 230-231 serious pathology, 231 , 240, 247-248 role of thoracolumbar fascia, 248-249 soft tissue support, 227 specific muscle involvement, 230, 276 stabilization exercises, 231 , 232-234 stress factors and homeostasis, 225-227 structure, 2 1 6-223

590 INDEX Lumbar spine (collld) Meninges, spinal, 222, 308 Motor vehicle accidents (MVA) structure and function, 224-225 Menisci, knee, 450, 451--453, 492 front-end collisions, 1 03-104 transitional areas, 223-224 gender i�sue�, 1 02 vertebrae see Lumbar vertebrae assessing for damage, 476--477 injury cltN' l'nvironment, 1 03-104 Lumbar support, car d rivers, 1 01 role in knee movement, 459--460 multiple symptoms/ fibromyalgia after, Lumbar vertebrae see also Lateral meniscus; Medial meniscus Meniscofemoral ligaments, 453, 457 1 02-103 5th (L5), 218, 222, 305 Meniscoid body, ankle, 5 1 0 protecting child passengers, 1 05 Meniscopa tellar fibers, 453, 459 seatbelt/airbag injuries, 1 02 movements, 21 5-2 1 6 Mennell, John ankle and subtalar joint assessments, 5 1 2, side-impact collisions, 1 04, 106 structure, 21 6-223, 224 51 3-514 Movements Lumbodorsal junction (LDj), 259-260 hip distraction method, 402, 403--404 altered patterns, 1 2 Lumbosacral joint stability, 375 hip extension method, 406--407 assessing freedom of, 53-54 Lumbosacral spine, in gait analysis, 82-83 iliotibial band treatment, 423 'trick', 1 2 Lumbosacral spring test, 343 knee joint play, 474, 475 voluntary, 1 2 Lumbrical muscles, 560, 561 Meralgia paresthetica, 358, 41 4, 41 5, 488 Lunges, 467 Movie goer 's knee, 467 Lymph nodes, inguinal, enlarged, 1 40, 4 1 1 Mesomorph, 62 M R I (magnetic resonance imaging), 482, 509 Lymphatic drainage Mulligan, Brian MET see Muscle energy techniques constriction by clothing, 1 1 0-1 11 Metatarsal break, oblique (MTP axis), 526 MWM methods see Mobilization with movement (MWM), Mulligan's lower extremity, 412 Metatarsal rocker, 76, 77 SNAGs approach, 2 1 0, 237-238 Lymphatic drainage techniques, 1 95, 1 96 Metatarsalgia, 527 Mul tifidus, 223, 229, 263, 272-273 for abdominal scars, 278 M W M for anterior, 566 in sports injuries, 1 30 antigravity support, 33 Metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints, 522, 526 atrophy, 1 3, 230 Lymphatic d ysfunction, and trigger points, MET, 275-276 21 -22 first Muscle(s), 7-1 8 compression approach to sesamoids atrophy, 35 McBurney's point, 285 below, 567 attachment, 1 0 Macin tyre, Anne, 1 53 functional limitation see Functional blood supply, 9-10 Mackenzie, abdominal reflexes, 278 hallux limitus categorizations, 1 0-1 1 , 33-35 McM urray tests, 476--477 rigid (hallux rigidus), 528 contraction, 1 0, 1 2-13 Macronutrients, 1 62 contracture, 1 2, 13 Magnesium, 1 59, 1 60, 1 62 in gait cycle, 82 cooperative activity, 1 1 -1 2 Magnetic resonance imaging ( M RI), 482, 509 movements, 556-557 Maisonneuve fracture, 518 M FR see Myofascial release cross-bridge cycle, 465 Maitland M icronutrients, 1 62 Middle fist, Latey's, 381 design, 8 hip dysfunction, 401 Mid foot, 498, 51 7-526 energy sou rces, 9 quadrant test, 407 d isorders, 523-526 fiber arrangements, 9 Male M idtarsal (transverse tarsal) jOint, 519, genitals, 286, 338, 353, 355 function tests, 184 pelvis, 301 521 -523 Malingering, Hoover's test, 242 Milk thistle, 1 60 hypertrophy, 35 Malleoli, 498, 502 Mind, posture and, 56-59 inappropriate firing sequences, 320-321 fractures, 518 Minerals, 1 62 inhibited, 228 Mallet toe (claw toe), 543, 557 insertion, 10 deficiency, 1 59 length, 35 Mamillary process, 217, 2 1 8 in water, 1 60 Mini-myofascial release, 252 length-tension curves, 465 Mamillo-accessory ligament, 221-222 Mitchell, Fred Mandible, observation and assessment, 43 psoas strength test, 294-295 lengthened, postural effects, 62 Marfan's syndrome, 1 85, 1 86, 327 sacroiliac problems, 329-330 mobil izers, 34 Massage, traditional, 1 95 Mobilization, 210 origin, 10 Mast cells, 1 52-153 choosing, 191 overactive, 1 2, 228 Mattresses, finn, 1 20 compression, a fter knee surgery, 477--478 pain see Myalgia Maxilla, observation and assessment, 43 hip and knee (Schiowitz), 480--481 phasic, 1 1 , 33-35 ME Action, 1 53 manual soft tissue techniques, 1 96 postural, 1 1 , 33-35 Mechanical ad vantage, use by bodyworkers, Mobilization with movement (MWM), shortness/ tightness, 1 1 97 Mulligan's, 2 1 0, 250 postural changes, 62 Mechanoreceptors, 1 4-1 5, 63 ankle sprains, 515 a n d compression methods for foot, 565, role in joint restriction, 1 90 manipulation, 1 7-18, 1 97 self-help methods, 1 66-169 Medial arcuate ligament, 223 566-567 spasm (splinting), 1 2-13 Medial (tibial) collateral ligament (MeL), knee, 481 --482 stabilizers, 34, 68 to release fibula head, 501 substitute, 1 2, 320 453, 456 SI joint dysfunction, 348 tone, 1 0 assessing for damage, 475 see also Sustained natural apophyseal training-related damage, 1 29, .130 injuries, 462, 472 voluntary contraction, 1 0 PRT for dysfunction, 478--479 glides vulnerable areas, 1 0 Medial (deltoid) ligament, 504 weakness, 11 , 13 PRT for dysfunction, 514-51 5 Mobilizers, 34 postural changes, 62 Medial longitudinal (spring) arch o f foot, 524 Modalities, treatment, 1 93-2 1 0 tests in pelvic region, 323-325 Medial malleolus, 53, 498, 502 Monosodium glutamate ( MSG), 1 5 3 Muscle energy techniques ( M ET), 1 7, 195, Medial meniscus, 450, 452, 453, 491 Morrison's inguinal lift, 337-338 Morton's neuroma, 527 196, 202-206 McMurray test, 476, 477 Morton's syndrome, 527-528 abdominal muscles, 289-290 Medial plantar nerve, 244 in acute conditions, 203-204 Motor neurons, 8 ankle dorsiflexion restriction, 514 Medial talocalcaneal ligament, 506 ankle joint, 51 2 Medial tibial stress syndrome, 552 Motor tone, 1 0 ankle plantarflexion restriction, 514 Motor units, 8 choosing, 191 selective involvement, 25

INDEX 591 Muscle energy techniques (colltd) Myofascial release ( M FR), 1 95, 208-209 hamstrings, 436-438 choosing, 191 iliacus, 349-350 in chronic conditions, 204-206 lateral abdominal muscles, 281-283 iliolumbar ligament region, 375-376 erector spinae, 269-271 lumbar spine, 252, 268 in European NMT, 1 99 sequencing, 250 interspinales, 274, 275 gastrocnemius and soleus, 538-540 gluteus maxim us, 369 Myofascial trigger points, 1 8, 21 intra rectal protocol, 384, 386-387 hamstrings, 438-439, 440 knee region, 471 iliac flare dysfunctions, 340-341 see also Trigger points iliac rotational dysfunctions, 341 -343 lateral abdominal muscles, 281 -283, 284 in [ N I T, 208 Myofibrils, 8 latissimus dorsi, 255-256 lateral compartment of leg, 549-550 lumbar spine, 252 Myosin filaments, 8, 465 latissimus dorsi, 254-255 multifidi/small, deep muscles of low back, lumbar lamina groove muscles, 273-274 Myotome testing, lumbar and sacral nerve lumbar spine protocols, 253-276 275-276 medial knee region, 489 neurological explanation, 203 roots, 242-245, 246 piriformis, 372-373 plantar muscles of foot, 563-565 piriformis, 372, 373, 374 N-acetyl-cysteine, 1 60 popliteus, 493-494 Nausea, 279 posterior leg muscles, 535-537, 544-545 piriformis and deep external hip rotators, Neck psoas major and minor, 295-297 431 quadratus lumborum, 260-261 , 36] -363 extensors, MET treatment of short, 440 quad riceps femoris, 486 proximal tibiofibular joint, 501 -502 flexion, passive, 547 rectus femoris and sartorius, 4 1 5-416 psoas muscles, 297-298 flexors, test for shortness, 440 sacroiliac ligament region, 378 pubic dysfunction, 337 injuries, motor vehicle accidents, 1 02-103, sacrotuberous ligament, 382-384 quadratus lumborum, 261 -262 sartorius, 41 5-4 1 6, 486 rectus femoris, 414 1 04 sequencing, 250 Ruddy's pulsed, 206, 271 observation and assessment, 43 serratus posterior inferior, 258 self-help methods, 1 68-169 pain, 1 3, 253 tensor fasciae latae, 359-360, 422-423 sequencing, 250 posture, bodyworkers, 97 short thigh adductors, 356-357 reflexes, tonic, 66, 67 thigh adductors, 354-356, 420, 421 51 joint dysfunction, 344-345 support during sleep, 1 1 9 see also specific techniqlles superior innominate shear, 335 Nerve entrapment tensor fasciae latae, 360-361 common peroneal nerve, 1 09, 501, 546 Neurooptometrist, 65 Muscle fibers, 8 metatarsalgia, 527 Neutral calcaneal stance position (NC5P), adaptability, 1 1 arrangement i n muscles, 9 by piriformis, 3 1 3, 314, 319, 370-371 90 innervation, 8 Neutral spine coordination test, 232, 233 shoes and, 1 09 NMT see Neuromuscular therapy training effects, 1 29, 130 see also Meralgia paresthetica Nociceptive hypothesis, PRT, 207 types, 1 1 Nociceptors, 1 5, 63 Muscle spind les, 1 4 , 63-64 Nerve root pain /compreSSion, 1 5, 223, 231 , Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 236-247 direct pressure, 1 7 (N5Al Ds), 151 effects o f massage, 195 assessment protocol, 240-247 Norris Muscle strength, 35 Nerves MRC grading, 14 classification of muscles, 34 tests, 14 lower limb, 243-244 exercise training, 1 29, 1 43 flexion relaxation response, 264-265 lumbar spine, 242-245, 246 transport, 547 gluteus strength testing, 324 muscle imbalance, 1 90, 228-229 pelvic region, 323-325 Neural arch, lumbar spine, 217, 218 quadratus lumborum, 230, 259 Muscular imbalances spinal stabilization exercises, 232-233 Neural control, lumbar spine, 228-229 assessment, 35 Neural impingement, 547-549 Norwegian kneeling chair, 1 1 2, 113 gait patterns, 83-84 postural effects, 61, 62 Neural reporting stations see Reporting Nose sports-related, 1 29, 136 influences on sleeping position, 1 20, 1 22 treatment choices, 1 90 stations observation and assessment, 4 1 , 43 M usculoskeletal d isorders Neuralgia causing d isequilibrium, 67 Nostril brea thing, alternate, 1 58, 1 75 computer work-related, 1 1 8 intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve, 510 contextual influences, 1 49-162 posterior tibial nerve, 517 Nuclear bag fibers, 63, 64 Musculoskeletal slings, in gait cycle, 77-78, Neurodynamic testing, 547-549 Nuclear chain fibers, 63, 64 Neurofibromatosis, 251 79, 315-316, 317 Neurological d isorders, gait patterns, 88-89 Nucleus pulposus, 219 Musculotendinous junction, 1 0 Neurological examination, in low back pain, Nutation, sacral, 309-31 0 Musicians, 1 20-124 Nutra-5weet, 1 55 240-247 Nutrition assessment, 1 24 Neurological tests, 184 anti-inflammatory approaches, 1 5 1 , 1 76 MWM see Mobilization with movement influences on pain, 149-]62 eurolymphatic reflexes, 278 in sports injuries, 1 38 Myalgia (muscle pain) Neuromuscular junction, 9 'allergic', 1 54-155 Neuromuscular therapy ( NMT), 1 95-196 see also Diet allergy/intolerance and, 153 detoxification and, 1 59-160 Achilles tendon, 538, 539 Ober's test, modified, 359 Oblique abdominal muscles, 279-280, 281 Myers, Tom in acute injury, 1 96 myofascial chains, 4 American, 1 95, 1 98-21 0 dominance over recti, 44, 45 anterior abdominal wall muscles, 286-287 postural concepts, 55, 57 anterior compartment of leg, 554 Oblique muscle-tendon-fascial sling, 78, 3 1 7 choosing, 1 91 Oblique popliteal ligament, 457 Myofascial chains, 4 in chronic pain, 1 96-197 Obliquus externus abdominis (external Myofascial ligament release techniques, deep hip rotators, 430-431 dorsal foot muscles, 557-558 oblique), 277, 279, 281 , 289 480-48 1 erector spinae, 268-269 Myofascial pain index ( M P!), 1 89 Obliquus internus abdominis (internal Myofascial pain syndrome, in musicians, 1 24 European see European neuromuscular oblique), 277, 279-280, 281 , 289 technique Observa tion, 184 general application, 1 96-198 gluteal muscles, 364-365, 367-368 gluteus maximus, 426-427 gluteus medius and minimus, 425 guidelines, 1 97-198

592 INDEX Obturator externus, 397, 429, 430 flat, 202 low back problems and, 31 8-321 NMT, 430-431 snapping, 202 recognizing inappropriate firing and treatment, 1 97-198 Obturator internus, 379-380, 428-429, 430 Panic attacks, 24, 1 58 sequences, 320-321 N MT, 383, 430-431 Papain enzymes, 1 38, 1 5 1 screening, 321 -325 trigger points, 386 Parallel muscles, 9 testing and treating, 326-331 Paraspinal muscles, 263 therapeutic considerations, 3 1 7-318, 319 Obturator nerve, 243 treatment sequencing, 31 9-320 Occlusal interference test, 66, 67 thoracolumbar see Erector spinae treatment strategies, 327 Occlusodontist, 66, 67 trigger point involvement, 321 O'Connel, proprioception experiment, 508 Paravertebral muscles, 249, 263 emotion and, 380--381 O'Donahue triad, 462 Parkinson's d isease, 88 in gaiting, 80, 8 1 , 82-83, 316-31 7 Older patients, low back pain, 247 Pars interarticularis, 218 gender differences, 301 One leg stance test, 65-66, 67 Passenger unit, 73-74 inclination, 325 One-legged standing, 391 Passive knee flexion, 547, 548 joints, 305 Oral habits, musical instrument choice and, Passive neck flexion, 547 landmarks in prone position, 343 Patella, 460-461 ligaments, 305, 3 1 2-313 1 24 during pregnancy, 303-306 Organ dysfunction, causing facilitation, movements (tracking), 461 motions at hip joint, 398 d isorders, 464-467 movement potentials, bodyworkers, 1 00 1 6- 1 7 muscles, 348-387 Origin, muscle, 10 position, 45, 52 obliquity, 5 1 , 53, 54 Orthoses, foot, 1 08, 1 09, 526 PRT for pain ful, 469 orientation evaluation, standing, 332 Orthotics, 1 09 quadriceps muscles and, 461 , 464, 485 outlet, 305 Osgood-Schlatter d isease, 1 3 1 , 1 32, 133, 468, Patellar apprehension test, 478 pregnancy and, 303-306 Patellar tendon (ligament), 460, 461 rotation, 80, 8 1 , 398 472 dysfunction, PRT, 478 Osteitis deformans, 232 reflex (knee jerk), 246 shift, 80, 81 Osteoarthritis (OA) tendinitis, 464, 467-468 Patellofemoral compression test, 468 stability, 315-316, 352-353, 366 hip, 401 , 402-404, 407-409 Patellofemoral joint, 460-461 knee, 469-470 Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS), tilt, 80, 81, 325, 331 -332 Osteochondral injury, talus dome, 5 1 9 Osteochondritis dessicans, 1 32, 134, 5 1 9 464-467 anterior/ posterior, 398 Osteochondrosis of ankle (Sever's disease), knee taping for, 465, 466 lateral, 398 self-treatment, 467 types, 301-302 1 3 1 , 1 32, 133, 5 1 6 Patient intake, 1 79-191 Pennate muscles, 9 Osteomalacia, 1 61 expectations, 1 79-180 Perimysium, 8 Osteopathic manipulative therapy (OMT), i n history-taking, 1 81-183 Perineum, 384 physical examination, 1 84-186 Periostalgia, chronic, 552 Parkinson's disease, 88 procedure outline, 1 79 Peripheral motor control, 228-229 OsteoporOSis, 1 61 - 1 62, 247 starting process, 1 8 1 Peroneal nerve, 243, 244, 438, 491 Overpressu re, injured knee, 473-474 therapeutic plan, 1 87 entrapment, 1 09, 501 , 546 Overtraining, 1 29, 1 30-136 thick-file patients, 1 80-1 8 1 Peroneal tenosynovitis, 5 1 0 treatment approaches, 1 87-188 Peroneus brevis, 546 in female athletes, 1 3 1 treatment choices, 1 88-191 symptoms and signs, 1 32 Patrick's F-AB-ER-E test, 404-405, 406 indications for treatment, 546 syndrome (OTS), 1 30 Patriquin's differential assessment test, NMT, 549-550 special notes, 546-549 versus overuse, 1 30-1 3 1 405-406 Peroneus digiti minimi, 549 Patterns of dysfunction, 25-26 Peroneus longus, 545-546 in young people, 1 27, 1 32 PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls), 1 60, 1 6 1 in gait, 77, 3 1 7 Overuse injuries, 1 29, 1 30-1 3 1 Pectineus, 351 , 397, 4 1 7 indications for treatment, 546 Pedicles, lumbar vertebrae, 217, 2 1 8 NMT, 549-550 definition, 131 Pelvic balance test, standing, 332 special notes, 546-549 in young soccer players, 1 3 1 - 1 35 Pelvic diaphragm muscles, 384-386 Peroneus quartus, 549 Pelvic girdle (ring), 302-303 Peroneus tertius, 549, 553-554 extent of problem, 1 3 1 - 1 32 Pelvis, 301-387 Perry, gait, 73-75, 80 management, 1 34-135 Pes anserinus, 4 1 5, 489 prevention, 1 33 abdominal toning exercises, 1 71 - 1 72 bursa, 489 signs, 1 33-134 architecture, 302-31 6 bursitis, 468 assessment, 321-331 superficialis, 488 Pace abduction test, 324-325 Pes cavus (supinated foot), 48, 89, 526 Pacing, in rehabilitation, 1 67 alignment prior to, 334 Pes planus (flat, pronated foot), 48, 89, Pacinian corpuscles, 1 4 functional tests, 321-323 Paget's disease, 232 prone, 343-348 523-526 Pain reliability, 325-326 Petrissage, 1 95 seated, 334 Petty & Moore alternative view, 26-28 sequence, 327 contextual influences, 1 49-162 standing, 44, 45, 49-50, 331 -334 active and passive assessment guidelines, factors causing/ intensifying, 2-3, 1 93-194, static, 330-331 251 , 407 supine, 50--52, 334-343 1 99 weakness tests, 323-325 foot assessment, 530 gait and, 8 1 , 87-88 bird's eye view, 50--5 1 , 339 hip joint accessory movement tests, 403, history-taking, 1 82 in ischemia, 20-21 brim (inlet), 305 404, 405 management d istortion, 48 knee assessment, 472-473, 474 dysfunction neurodynamic testing, 547 barriers to progress, 1 67 physical examination, 1 84 compliance issues, 1 66-167 cautions, 402 proximal tibiofibular joint assessment, 501 perception, 1 5 cervical dysfunction and, 67 pH scale, 1 56 referred, from trigger points, 20, 2 1 hypermobility issues, 327-328 Phasic muscles, 1 1 , 33-35 scale, 1 97, 208 see also specific sites of pail7 'Pain-spasm-pain cycle', 1 6, 139 Palpation and compression, 202

INDEX 593 Phobic behavior, 24 gluteus medius, 369 sitting, 1 1 1 -1 1 2, 1 1 4-1 1 5 Photographs guidelines, 207 standing, 40-50 hamstrings, 439--440 postural assessment, 38, 57 hypotheses of effects, 207 anterior view, 42--45 sitting position, 1 1 1 iliacus, 350-351 coronal (side) view, 48-50 Physical abuse, childhood, 380 jOint restrictions, 207 posterior view, 45--48 Physical examination, 1 84-186 knee damage and injuries, 478--480 static images, 35-38 Piano playing, 1 22 knee taping and, 466 Pilates exercises, 144 latissimus dorsi, 257 supine (non-weight bearing), 50-53 Pillows/ cushions medial (deltoid) ligament dysfunction, tools, 38-39 for patient comfort, 99, 101 'Postural decay', 32, 61 for sleeping, 1 1 9, 120 5 1 4-515 Postural foot reaction test, 508-509 Pincer compression techniques, 202 painful patella, 469 Postural grid, 38 Pipe smoking, 1 1 0 painful point as starting place, 206-207 Postural movements, 1 2 Piriformis, 369-372, 427 piriformis' trochanter attachment, 431 , 432 Postural muscles, 1 1 , 32-33, 33-35 assessment of shortened, 371 popliteus, 494 Postural patterns, fascial, 6-7 in functional hallux limitus, 92 posterior leg muscles, 545 Posture, 3 1 -70 indications for treatment, 370, 429 psoas muscles, 298 inferior gluteal nerve, 364, 371 pubic shear /inguinal dysfunction, 337-338 active see Acture in lower crossed syndrome, 318-319 quadratus lumborum, 262-263 MET and compression treatment, 372, 373, bodyworkers, 96-101 reaction to, 347-348 definition, 31 374 rectus femoris, 486--487 dynamic, 3 1 -32 neurovascular entrapment, 3 1 3, 314, 3 1 9, sacral, 346, 347-348 exteroceptive and proprioceptive controls, 370-371 sacroiliac ligaments, 378-379 63-65 N MT, 372-373 sacrotuberous ligament, 384 functional, 62 overactivity, 86 self-help methods, 1 66-168 good, 59-61 palpation test, 371 semimembranosus, 491 gravitational influences, 32-33 paradox, 429--430 sequencing, 250 ideal, 32, 35 PRT for trochanter attachment, 431, 432 short thigh adductors, 357 image (presentation), 32, 56-58 as pump, 430 small, deep muscles of low back, 276 imbalance, 65-70 special notes, 370-371, 429--430 tensor fasciae latae, 361 improving, 1 97 strength test, 324-325, 372 tibialis anterior, 554-555 key influences, 32 stretch test, 371 Positioning local features influencing, 61 -62 trigger points, 370, 371 , 372, 386, 430 bodyworkers, 96-1 0 1 lumbar spine dysfunction and, 223 Pivot shift test, 476 patient (client), 98, 99, 1 20, 121 Pizzorno, Joseph, 160 mind and, 56-59 Plantar aponeurosis, 524, 558-559 in low back pain, 250 musicians, 1 20-124 Plantar fasciitis, 515-516 Posterior compartment of leg, 530, 531-545 neural control, 32 Plantar interossei (PI), 562 normal asymmetry, 59-61 , 66 Plantar nerve, 556 deep layer muscles, 541-545 optimal, 32 Plantar vault, 524-525 N MT, 544-545 patterns of use and, 61 Plantar warts, 528, 563 PRT, 545 reeducation, 191 Plantarflexion, 498, 504, 505, 534 residual, 32, 58 restriction, testing and MET, 514 superficial layer muscles, 531-541 Plantaris, 482, 533, 534-535 N MT, 535-537 sitting see Sitting, posture N MT, 536--537 Plasticity, 4 see also specific muscles sleeping, 1 1 8-1 20 Platypelloid pelvis, 302 slump, 58, 1 1 1 Plumb line, 38, 48 Posterior cruciate ligament (peL), 450, 455, stabilization, 68 Popliteal (Baker's) cyst, 468, 493 456 standard, 35 Popliteal fossa, 437--438, 448, 472 static, 3 1 -32 Popliteal ligaments, 457 assessing for damage, 476 Popliteus, 492--494, 530, 541 injuries, 462 assessment, 38 indications for treatment, 492 PRT for dysfunction, 479 images, 35-38 N MT, 493--494 Posterior drawer test, 476 therapeutic objectives, 33 PRT, 494 Posterior inferior iliac spine (PIIS), 306 triceps surae and, 534 special notes, 492--493 Posterior longitudinal ligament, 220, 221, 222 Potassium, 1 62 Popliteus bursa, 492 Posterior mid-sagittal plane, 46 Pre-swing (toe-off) phase, 75, 76, 77 Portable units, postural assessment, 38-39 Posterior sacroiliac ligament, 3 1 2, 377 Pregnancy, and pelvis, 303-306 Position of ease, 206, 207, 208 Posterior superior iliac spines (PSIS), 306 Prepatellar bursa, 454 Positional release technique (PRT), 1 7, 1 95, to ASIS relationship, 48, 49-50 Pressure positional assessment, 47, 330, 331, 332 'discomfort scale', 1 97, 208 206-208 standing symmetry test, 332 on reporting stations, 1 7-18 abdominal muscles, 290 Posterior talofibular ligament, 504 responses to, 5, 1 97-198 anterior talofibular ligament dysfunction, Posterior tibial nerve neuralgia, 517 sustained, tissue blood flow, 9-10, 1 97 Posterior tibiofibular ligaments, 498 threshold, 1 89 515 Posterior transverse horizontal planes, 46 Pressure bars, 202 biceps femoris, 491 Postfacilitation stretching, 204 foot, 558, 565 choosing, 191 Postisometric relaxation (PIR), 1 69, 203-204 leg, 538, 539, 550, 554, 555 erector spinae, 268, 271 -272 Posttraumatic vision syndrome, 65 lumbar region, 274, 275 in European N MT, 1 99 lumbosacral region, 376, 378 extensor digitorum longus, 555 A Postural Analysis Grid Chart, 38 'Prime movers', 1 1 foot, 565, 566 Progressive muscular relaxation (PMR), 1 58, Postural assessment, 35-54 functional, 207-208, 268 alternative models, 55-56 1 76 gastrocnemius and soleus, 540-541 basic procedure, 39-54 Prolotherapy, sacroiliac (SI) joint, 329 computerized methods, 39 Pronation, foot, 498 freedom of movement, 53-54 Prone in hamstring injuries, 1 37 musicians, 1 24 active straight leg raise, 344 portable units, 38-39 extension test, 265-266

594 INDEX Prone (coilld) Pulmonary embolism, 106 Rectus sheath, 277 hip extension test, 322, 400 Purses, heavy, 11 0 Lief's N MT, 288 knee bend test (PKB), 548 Push-off, 75 mobility of sacrum assessment, 343 Pyramidalis, 284, 287 Red flags pelvic assessment and trea tment protocols, Pyridoxine, 1 59 abdominal symptoms, 278-279 343-348 in low back pain, 247-248 pelvic land marks, 343 Q angle, 461 , 472 51 joint gapping test, 344 Quadrant test, Maitland's, 407 'Red reflex' palpation, 45, 47 sleeping, 1 1 9 Quadratus femoris, 429, 430 Red and white reaction, 47 Reflex inhibition, 1 3 Proprioception, 1 3- 1 6 Quadratus lumborum (QL), 222, 258-263, Reflex sympathetic d ystrophy (RSD), 510, 5 1 1 in arthritic knee, 470 Reflexes definition, 63 290, 291, 361 knee taping and, 465 function, 25, 230, 259 abdominal, 278 mechanisms of alteration, 1 5- 1 6, 64-65 functional assessment for shortness, 260 deep tendon, lower limb, 245-247 O'Connel's experiment, 508 ind ications for treatment, 259 general models, 1 7 posture and, 32 MET, 261-262 mechanisms, 16 restoring normal function, 1 97 N M T, 260-261 , 361-363 therapeutic rehabilitation using, 1 8 overactivity, 86 Rehabilitation, 210 Proprioceptive hypothesis, PRT, 207 PRT, 262-263 after knee joint replacement, 470 Proprioceptive manipulation, 1 7 special notes, 259-260 a fter knee surgery, 477-478 Proprioceptors, 1 4, 63-64 trigger points, 2 1 , 258, 260 compliance issues, 1 66-167 disequilibrium, 68-70 aids to stimulating, 1 8 Quadratus plantae (QP), 560-561, 564, 565 goal setting and pacing, 1 67 i n postural control, 63-65 knee dysfunction, 467 Prostaglandins, 1 5 1 , 1 76 Quadriceps femoris, 4 1 1 , 482-487 low back pain, 1 67 Proteins, 1 62 indications for treatment, 484 MET method, 205 Proximal tibiofibu lar joint, 444, 498-501 N MT, 486 joint play, 500 patella and, 461 , 464, 485 self-help methods see Self-help strategies MET to release restricted, 501 -502 slow eccentric isotonic stretch, 441 role in ankle sprains, 500 special notes, 484-485 in sports injuries, 1 38 testing and mobilizing, 500-501 tendon, 460 stages of soft tissue therapy, 1 96-197 injuries, 462 weak erector spinae, 264, 272 PRT see Positional release technique test for weakness, 485-486 Relaxation exercises, 1 58, 1 75-176 Pseudo-sciatica, 366, 367, 375, 379, 380, 422 tone, 45 Relaxed calcaneal stance position (RCSP), Pseudoparesis, 318 see also Rectus femoris; Vastus intermedius; 90 Pseudotrochanteric bursitis, 358 Relaxin, 303-306 Vastus lateralis; Vastus medialis Repair processes, 1 28, 1 29-130 PSIS see Posterior superior iliac spines Questionnaires, patient, 1 83 Questions diurnal rhythms, 1 50 Psoas major, 290-292, 349 Reporting stations, 1 3- 1 6, 63 lumbar spine attachment, 223 key, 1 82-183 tendon, 397 leading, 1 81 - 1 82 manipulating, 1 7-18 unspoken, 1 8 1 Repose, 1 1 9-120 see also I liopsoas muscle Resistance phase, general adaptation Racquet sports, 1 46 Psoas minor, 291, 292 syndrome, 22 Psoas muscles, 259, 290-292 Radicular pain see Nerve root Respiration see Breathing abscess, 353 pain / compression assessment of shortness, 294-295 Rest, ice, compression and elevation (RICE), indications for treatment, 292 Radiographs, plain film see X-rays 1 74, 1 96 in lumbodorsal junction (LDj) dysfunction, Randolph, Theron, 1 53, 1 54-155 Restless legs, 1 54, 533 259 Range of motion testing, injured knee, Rheumatism, soft tissue (STR), 1 85 MET, 297-298 Rhinitis, allergic, 1 53 Mitchell's strength test, 294-295 472-473 Rib cage, depression, 44 NMT, 295-297 Reciprocal inhibition (RI), 1 1 , 1 3 Ribs overactivi ty, 85 PRT, 298 in M ET, 1 69, 203, 204-205 first, elevation, 43 spasm, 293, 294 floating, 258, 261 , 362 special notes, 292-294, 4 1 0-411 Recording form, postural assessment, 40 Psychogenic pain, 236 position, 44 Psychological d istress, 23-24 Records, postural analysis, 39 release, 1 68 Psychosocial factors, 2-3, 1 94, 226-227 Rectum, N M T protocol, 384, 386-387 RICE protocol, 1 74, 1 96 in pain management, 1 66 Rectus abdominis, 249, 277, 283-284, 289 Ring apophysis, 2 1 7 therapeutic modification, 1 94 Psychosocial self-help methods, 1 74-176 in lumbodorsal junction (LDj) d ysfunction, Road traffic accidents see Motor vehicle Pubic area, treatment near, 286-287, 335, 260 accidents 337-338, 353, 355 N MT, 286-287 Pubic (shear) dysfunction separation, 44-45, 285 Rocker system, in gaiting, 76, 77 special notes, 284-285 assessment, 335-336 trigger points, 284-285 Rocking movements, bodyworkers, 98, MET, 337 vertical groove lateral to, 44-45 1 00 PRT, 337-338 Rectus capitis posterior major and minor Rolf, Ida, 55, 56 see also Innominate shear dysfunction muscles, 1 3 Rectus femoris, 397, 4 1 1 -4 1 4, 482 Romberg's test, 67, 88 Pubic stress fracture, 353 Rotation Pubic stress symphysitis, 353 assessment for shortness, 4 1 3-41 4 Pubis, 302, 307 indications for treatment, 4 1 1 , 484 hip see Hip rotation Pubococcygeus, 385 M ET, 414 Pubofemoral ligament, 392, 394 NMT, 4 1 5-41 6 knee, 458 Puborectalis, 385 overactivity / shortness, 85, 294 pelvis, 80, 8 1 , 398 Pudendal nerve/blood vessels, 3 1 3, 380 PRT, 486-487 Rotatores longus and brevis, 263, 273 special notes, 4 1 1 -4 1 3, 484-485 trigger points, 4 1 3, 485 Rotators, hip see Hip rotators Rotoscoliosis, 251 , 252 standing and seated tests, 334 Ruddy, pulsed MET, 206, 271 Ruffini end-organs, 14 Rugby football, 1 47 Runner's knee, 464, 467

INDEX 595 'S'-shape, bending tissues into, 275, 276, 423 Scalenes, 22 Shoes, 1 07-1 09 Sacral ala, 307, 308 Scapulae, 46, 47 badly fitting, 1 07, 109 Sacral canal, 307, 308 Scars, abdominal surgery, 277-278 high-heeled, 1 07, 1 08, 1 09, 337 Sacral foramina, 307 Schiowitz metatarsalgia and, 527 neural entrapment and, 1 09 tender points, 346-348 ankle joint, 507 platform heels/ wedged soles, 108-109 Sacral hiatus, 307, 308 articulation/ mobilization of knee, 480-481 Sacrococcygeal ligament, 31 0 Sciatic foramina, 305, 313 'Short foot' concepts, 69, 70, 509 Sacroiliac (SI) joint (SIJ), 306, 314-316 Sciatic nerve, 244, 314 Short leg see Leg length discrepancy caution during therapy, 373, 430, 434 'Shotgun' methods, in pubic dysfunction, 337 assessment entrapment by piriformis, 3 1 3, 319, Shoulder prone gapping test, 344 reliability, 325-326 370-371 frozen, 5-6 seated flexion test, 334 Sciatica, 236-247, 371 supine functional, 343 in gait analysis, 82, 83 see also Pseudo-sciatica as cause of backache, 236, 329 Scissor gait, 87, 89 posture, 43, 45, 46 dysfunction, 78, 401 Scoliosis Shuffling gait, 88 Sidebending, lumbar spine, 222, 223 hypermobility issues, 327-328 assessment, 45-46, 247 Sidelying position iliosacral versus sacroiliac, 329-330 equilibrium and, 67 MET, 344-345 in leg length discrepancy, 54, 328 patient (client), 98, 99 MWM treatment, 348 sleeping position, 1 1 9 sleep, 1 1 9- 1 20, 121 prone sacral PRT, 346 see also Rotoscoliosis Silvertolpe reflex, 229, 267, 380 testing and treating, 326-331 'Scotty dog' fracture see Spondylolysis Silybillln lIlarianum, 1 60 treatment choices, 1 91 Seatbelts, 1 02 Simons, David, 1 96 fixation, 329 adult, use by children, 1 05 abdominal muscles, 277, 279, 285 force closure, 315, 343 injuries related to, 1 03-104 aLlergy, 1 53 form closure, 31 4-315, 343, 344 Seated position lumbar spine, 253 in functional hallux limitus, 92 flexion (sacroiliac) test, 334 Myofascial pain and dysfllilctioll, 1 8 fusion, 329 pelvic assessments, 334 trigger points, 1 8- 1 9, 2 1 , 321 in gait, 77, 78, 315-316, 3 1 7 spinal rotoscoliosis test, 334 Single leg stance test, 65-66, 67 innervation, 3 1 5 see also Sitting, posture Single limb support (SLS), 75 leg crossing and, 31 6 Seats Sinus tarsi, 506 mobilization using MET, 345 airplane, 1 04 syndrome, 510 movement, 309, 314 booster, child car passengers, 1 04, 1 05 Sitting muscles and, 315 car d rivers, 1 0 1 , 1 1 2 crossed-leg, 1 1 1 , 3 1 6 in pelvic stability, 315-316 see also Chairs at desk/table, 111, 114 prolotherapy, 329 SEIS (slow eccentric isotonic stretch), 270, down, 1 1 3-1 1 6 self-locking mechanisms, 314-315 posture, 1 1 1-1 1 7 stabilization, 253-254, 264, 370, 377 290, 441 Sacroiliac (SI) liga ments, 3 1 2, 374 Self-help strategies, 1 65-177 air travelers, 1 04-1 07 indications for trea tment, 377 Alexander perspective, 1 1 2- 1 1 3 NMT, 378 biochemical, 1 76-177 assessment, 1 1 1 -1 1 2, 1 1 4- 1 1 5 PRT, 378-379 biomechanical, 1 66-172 bodyworkers, 98, 1 00 region, 376-378 hydrotherapy, 1 73-174 special notes, 377-378 MWM for knee, 482 Brugger relief, 1 1 7, 118, 1 72 trigger points, 377 patellofemoral dysfunction, 467 Sacroiliitis, 358 psychosocial, 1 74-176 car d rivers, 1 01 - 1 02 Sacrospinous ligament, 313, 376, 379-380 Selye, Hans, 226, 235 clench zones, 100 Sacrotuberous ligament (STL), 313, 374, 376, Semimembranosus, 433, 434, 490 computer work, 1 1 4-1 1 5, 1 1 7-1 1 8 PRT, 491 379-380 special notes, 491 perched, 113 assessment, 330 see also Hamstrings emotional dimension, 380 Semimembranosus tendon, 453 right angle, 1 1 2 in gait, 77, 79, 3 1 7 bursa, 468 risks of poor, 1 1 6-1 1 7 NMT, 382-384 Semispinalis, 263 reversible, 57 PRT, 384 Semitendinosus, 433, 434, 490 Skiing, 1 46 SacrulTI, 302, 306, 307-31 0 special notes, 491 Skin reactions, knee taping, 466 functions, 309 see also Hamstrings Skin tests medial tender points, 346 Sensitization, 1 3, 1 6, 2 1 in allergies, 1 56 mobility assessment in prone, 343 Sensorimotor exercises, 68-70, 509 dermatome, 240 nutation, 309-31 0 Sensory receptors, 14-15, 63, 228 Sleeping positional evaluation, 330-331 Serotonin, 1 59, 1 95 on airplanes, 1 05 testing and treating d ysfunction, 326-331 Serratus posterior inferior, 257-258 pain and, 1 50-151 torsions, assessment, 331 N MT, 258 positions, 1 1 8- 1 20 types, 310, 311 trigger points, 258 nasal influences, 1 20, 1 22 Saddle anesthesia, 232 Sesamoid bones surface, 1 20 Sagittal plane blockade, 82 foot, 527, 567 Slippers, heelless, 1 07 SAI D (Specific Adaptation to Imposed leg, 533 Slocumb, abdominal reflex areas, 278 Sever's d isease, 1 3 1 , 132, 133, 5 1 6 Slow eccentric isotonic stretch (SEIS), 270, Demand), 1 29 Sex differences see Gender differences Saphenous nerve, 1 09 Sexual abuse, 380 290, 441 Sarcomeres, 8 Shealy, low back pain, 226, 235 'Slump' test, 547, 548-549 Sartorius, 414-4 1 5, 488 Sheldon, body types, 6 1 , 62 SNAGs see Sustained natural apophyseal Sherrington's law, 1 1 , 1 3 indications for treatment, 414, 488 Shin, 498 glides N MT, 415-416, 486 splints, 552 'Snapping' methods, iliotibial band special notes, 414-415, 488 treatment, 423 Soccer players, young, 1 3 1 -1 35 Socks, 1 1 0 Sodium, 1 62 Soft tissue release, 209 see also Myofascial release

596 INDEX swimming, 1 45 Stressors, 226 therapeutic sequence, 145 'Stretch receptors', 64 Soft tissue rheumatism (STR), 1 85 weight training and, 1 43-145 Stretching Soft tissue therapy see a lso Overtraining; Overuse injuries chronic setting, with, 204-205 choices, 1 88-1 91 Sports training see Training methods, 196 stages, 1 96-1 97 postfacilitation, 204 Sole lifts, 328 Spray-and-stretch techniques, 201 Stride, 75 Soleus, 531-532 abdominal wall muscles, 283 hypertrophy, 48 see also Gait cycle ind ications for treatment, 532 Sprint training, 1 29, 1 30 N MT, 535-536, 537 Squats, 467 String players, 1 23, 1 24 pedal exercises, 1 06 Stabilization, 68 Structure, altered, 1 94 PRT, 540-541 Stabilizers, 34, 68 Suboccipital muscles, test for shortness, 440 special notes, 532-534 syndrome, 552 global, 34 Subtalar joint see Talocalcaneal (subtalar) joint tight local, 34 Stance Sudeck's posttraumatic reflex atrophy (reflex MET assessment, 539-540 bodyworkers, 96, 97 sympathetic dystrophy), 510, 511 MET treatment, 540 one-legged, 391 venous pumping, 533-534 Stance phase, 74, 75, 76 Sugar see Glucose Soleus canal, 533 chains of dysfunction, 84 Superficial peroneal nerve, 243 Somatization, 23-24 initial contact (heel strike), 75, 76 backache, 236 loading response (foot flat), 74, 75, 76 Superior articular facet, 217 Somatosomatic reflexes, 1 7 mid-stance, 74, 75, 76 Superior articular process, 217, 2 1 8 Somatovisceral reflexes, 1 7, 278, 279 terminal, 74, 75, 76 Superior gluteal nerve, 244 Spasm, muscle, 1 2-1 3 Standing Superior pubic ramus, 307 Specific Adaptation to Imposed Demand flexion (iliosacral) test, 332-333, 339, 436 'Superman' pose, 1 72 Supination, foot, 498 (SAlD), 1 29 foot positions, 90 Supine Spectacles, 11 0 Sphenoid, great wings, 41 hip extension test, 333 functional sacroiliac assessments, 343 Sphincter ani, 386 i liosacral 'stork' (Gillet) test, 333, 339 iliosacral dysfunction evaluation, 338-340 pelvic assessments, 331 -334 innominate shear dysfunction assessment, NMT, 386-387 trigger points, 387 pelvic balance test, 332 335 'Spillover pain zone', 21 pelvic orientation evaluation, 332 pelvic alignment prior to assessment, 334 Spina bifida, 251 pelvic assessments and treatment Spinal cord postural assessment see Postural conus medullaris, 222 protocols, 334-343 lesions, 222 assessment, standing postural assessment, 50-53 Spinal flexibility exercises, 1 69-171 PSIS symmetry test, 332 Suprapatellar bursa, 453-454 chair-based , 1 70-171 spinal rotoscoliosis test, 334 Suprapubic pain, PRT methods, 337-338 flexion, 1 69 Supraspinatus tendon, 20 whole body extension, 1 70 unstable equilibrium, 97, 98 whole body rotation, 1 70 Supraspinous ligament, 221 , 222, 223, 224 Spinal stenosis, 222, 236 Step length, 81 Spinalis, 263 Steppage gait, 87 Surgical scars, abdominal, 277-278 Spinalis thoracis, 223 Stepping test, Fukuda-Unterberger, 60, 66 Sustained natural apophyseal glides Spine, 2 1 5 Steroids, 1 50 brea thing wave test, 267 Stockings (SNAGs), 2 1 0, 220, 237-238, 250 d eformities in musicians, 1 23 elastic support, 1 06-107 Sustenaculum tali, 506 lumbar see Lumbar spine tight knee-high, 1 1 0 Sway back posture, 36, 37 Straight leg raising (SLR) test, 240, 247, Swimming, 1 45 mobilization with movement, 2 1 0 Swing phase (period), 74, 75, 76, 77 position, bodyworkers, 97 547-548 postural assessment, 45-46, 49 in hamstring assessment, 1 38, 436 chains of dysfunction, 84-85 thoracic, 216 prone active, 344 initial, 76, 77 venous drainage, 232 sensitizing additions, 547-548 mid-swing, 76, 77 Spinous processes, 217, 2 1 8 well-leg, 240 terminal, 76, 77 alignment, 45-46 Strain-counterstrain (SCS) release methods, Symphysis pubis, 302, 307, 336 Spiral muscles, 9 Splenius capitis, 263 206 d ysfunction see Pubic (shear) dysfunction Splenius cervicis, 263 erector spinae, 271 Splinting (muscle spasm), 1 2- 1 3 latissimus dorsi, 257 Lief's N MT, 288-289 Spondylolisthesis, 1 3 1 , 133, 1 42, 1 44 pubic shear/inguinal dysfunction, 338 Symptoms as cause of backache, 236 reaction to, 347-348 cautions, 343 sacral tender points, 346, 347 imposter see Imposter symptoms pelvic type and, 3 1 0 Strap muscles, 9 Spondylolysis, 1 4 1 , 1 42, 143, 1 44 Strength training, 1 29-130 presenting, 181 'Sports hernia', 1 38, 1 4 1 Strengthening, MET methods, 205-206 Synchronicity, biological, 1 55 Sports-related problems, 1 27-147 Stress Syndesmosis, 312, 505 American football, 1 45-146 distribution, hip replacement, 408 Synergists, 1 1 athletics, 1 36-140 musculoskeletal first principles, 1 28 Tai chi exercises, 69, 509 gymnastics and dance, 1 40-143 etiological factors, 2-3, 1 93-194, 226-227 Tailor's bunion, 528 osteopathic perspective, 1 28 lumbar spine, 225-227 Talar process, fracture of lateral, 5 1 9 other high risk sports, 1 46-147 tissue responses, 4, 22 Talar tubercle, fracture of posterolateral, 5 1 9 rotational activities, 1 46 psychological, 1 50 Talocalcaneal (subtalar) joint, 504, 505-507 Stress fractures, 1 35 ankle and foot, 5 1 8 capsule and ligaments, 506-507 fatigue, 1 35 movements, 507 insufficiency, 135 play tibial, 1 35-136, 552 in yow1g soccer players, 1 31 testing and mobilizing restricted, 513 Stress testing, knee, 474-477 using long-axis d istraction, 51 1 -512 problems, versus ankle joint problems, 5 1 3- 5 1 4 Talocalcaneonavicular (TCN) joint, 505, 51 9-52 1 , 522 Talocrural joint see Ankle joint

INDEX 597 Talonavicular joint, 519, 522 Thoracolumbar muscula ture, hypertrophy, 48 Transverse tarsal (midtarsal) joint, 5 1 9, Thoracolumbar paraspinal muscles see 521 -523 Talotibiofibular joint see Ankle joint Erector spinae Transversus abdominis, 280, 281 , 289 Talus, 502, 506-507 Thrombosis, deep vein (DVT), 1 06-107, 533, avascular necrosis, 519 in lumbar spine stability, 228 neck fractures, 51 9 534 Trapezius muscle osteochondral injury of dome, 519 Thumb technique, European N MT, 1 98-199 Thyroid hormone imbalance, 1 60-161 lower, hypertrophy, 47 Taping, knee, 465-466 Tibia, 497, 498, 499 trigger points, 21 Target zone, trigger point, 20, 21 Tarsal tunnel, 506 angle with femur, 45 upper, muscular mass, 43 distal, 502 Trauma anterior, 1 09 growth plate problems, 1 31 syndrome, 517 length discrepancy, 52 diabetic foot, 529 Tarsometatarsal (TMT) joints, 519, 523 proximal, 448-451 , 497-498 effects on proprioception, 1 5, 64, 65 TART (ARTT) acronym, 1 85, 236, 401 stress fractures, 1 35-136, 552 knee dysfunction, 462 Taut bands, 2 1 , 1 98 structural assessment, 48 low back pain, 247, 248 Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction, Tibial condyles, 450-451 in motor vehicle accidents, 1 02-104 Tibial intertendinous bursa, 488-489 patterns of dysfunction after, 26 43, 60-61 , 1 03 Travell & Simons Tender points, 206 Tibial nerve, 244, 548 abdominal muscles, 278, 293 adductor dysfunction, 353 abdominal muscles, 278, 290 Tibial plafond fracture, 5 1 8 anterior trunk, 272 Tibial plateau, 448, 450-451 gluteus muscles, 364, 366-367 hamstrings, 439 Tibial sag test, 476 hamstrings, 434, 491 iliacus, 350 Tibial tuberosity, 449 intercostal muscles, 1 68 Tibialis anterior, 550-552 hip flexors, 4 1 0, 4 1 1 -4 1 3, 4 1 4 hip pain, 409 rectus femoris, 486, 487 in gait, 77, 3 1 7 PRT, 554-555 Myofascial pain and dysfunction: the trigger sacral foramen, 346-348 Tibialis posterior, 543-544 point manual, Vol. 1 , 1 8 sacral medial, 346 PRT, 545 thigh add uctors, 357 Tibiofibular joint piriformis strength testing, 324-325 treatment, 207 distal, 498, 505 quadratus Iw\" borum dysfunction, 260 proximal, 444, 498-501 soleus, 533 see also Trigger points Treatment Tibiotalar joint see Ankle joint approaches, 1 87-188 Tendinitis global view, 1 93-195 Achilles tendon, 5 1 7, 538 Ties, 1 1 0 guidelines, 1 97-198 knee, 463 Tinel's sign, 517 modalities, 1 93-21 0 patellar tendon, 464, 467-468 Tissue objectives, 1 87 plan, 1 87 Tendo calcaneus see Achilles tendon preference, testing, 7 sequencing, 250, 3 1 9-320 Tendo patella see Patellar tendon repair processes, 1 28, 1 29-130 response to load, 4-5, 209 soft tissue versus joint focus, 1 88-191 Tendon toning, mild, 196 damage, training-related, 1 30 Tod d, postural model, 55 tools, 202 reflexes, deep, lower limb, 245-247 Toe-off (pre-swing) phase, 75, 76, 77 see also Neuromuscular therapy; specific Tennis, 146 ledl/liq/les Tennis ball, 422 Toeing in, 45 Tensegrity, 6-7 Toeing out, 45 Trendelenburg gait, 87, 366 Toes, 526 Trendelenburg position, 80 in bodyworker positioning, 98 Trendelenburg sign, 84, 400, 424 model, 6 claw, 543, 557 Triage, 231 Tension movement, 1 2 flexors, 541-543 Triangular muscles, 9 Tensor fasciae latae (TFL), 357-358, 421-422 hammer, 543, 557 Triceps surae, 532-533 indications for treatment, 358, 421 movements, 556-557 Lewit's palpation, 358-359 Tolerance, lumbar spine, 225 postural role, 534 MET, 360-361 Tonic neck (TN) reflexes, 66, 67 NMT, 359-360, 422-423 Toning see also Gastrocnemius; Soleus PRT, 361 MET methods, 205-206 shortness, 294, 358 tissue, 196 Trick movements, 1 2 Toppling gait, 87, 88 Trigger points (TrP), 1 8-22 assessment, 359 special notes, 358, 422 Torque, therapeutic, 98 abdominal wall muscles, 277-279, 281 , 282, trigger points, 421, 422 Torso, assessment, 44 285 activating factors, 20-21 Testicular pain, 281 , 282 Toxins, neutralization of, 3 active, 20 TFL see Tensor fasciae latae acupuncture and, 209 Therapy see Treatment Traction, in backache, 236 air travel and, 1 04-106 Tra i n i n g algometer usage, 1 89 Thermoreceptors, 1 5, 63 alternative views, 26-28 Thick-file patients, 1 80-181 autogenic (AT), 1 58, 1 85, 1 86 Thigh specific adaptation to, 1 29 in athletes, 1 36, 1 40, 142 variations, 1 29-130 attachment see Attachment trigger points abduction see Hip abduction weight, 143-1 45, 1 96-197 adduction see Hip adduction central (CTrP), 1 9, 200 extension see Hip extension see also Overtraining chains, 26 clinical symptoms, 20 in gait analysis, 83 Transforaminal ligaments, 221 definition, 1 8 inner, treatment aspects, 353 Transverse acetabular ligament, 394 diagnostic criteria, 1 8- 1 9 Transverse arch of foot, 525 diaphragm, 229 posterior muscles, 428 Transverse friction, 1 95 dorsal foot muscles, 556 rotation see Hip rotation erector spinae, 265 Transverse horizontal plane, 49 extensor digitorum longus and extensor 'splints', 353 Thixotropy, 4, 5 Transverse ligament of knee, 452 hallucis longus, 553 Thoracic spine, 2 1 6 Transverse processes formation, 1 8-22 in gait dysfunction, 85-86 Thoracolumbar fascia, 222, 223, 277 lumbar vertebrae, 217, 218 gastrocnemius, 533 stabilizing role, 248-249 sacrum, 307 Thoracolumbar junction (T12-Ll), 223

598 INDEX Trigger points (collld) Typing, 1 1 5 gluteus maximus, 364 iliolumbar ligament, 375 gluteus muscles, 364, 366, 367 Ultra-Clear, 1 59-160 lumbar spine, 224, 230 gracilis, 489 Umbilicus postural decay, 32, 61 hamstrings, 78, 1 06, 434-435, 491 , 492 Volleyball, 1 47 hip abduction and, 86-87 deviation, 285 Voluntary movement, 1 2 hip extension and, 85-86 distance to ASIS, 5 1 , 52 Vomiting, 279, 282 hip pain, 409 in iliosacral dysfunction, 339-340 iliopsoas muscle, 293 Lief's N MT, 288 Waddell incidence, 21 Undergarments, constricting, 1 1 0-1 1 1 hip pain, 407 key, 20, 2 1 Upper crossed syndrome, 25-26, 35 low back pain diagnosis, 231 , 232, 235, 240, latent, 20 Upper fist, Latey's, 381 247, 392 latissimus dorsi, 255 Urethral constriction, 381 sitting posture, 1 0 1 , 1 1 6, 1 1 7 levator ani, 386 Urinary frequency, 279 location, 21 Urolithiasis, 232 Waddling gait, 87, 89, 366 longissimus thoracis, 229, 267 U terovaginal prolapse, 385 Walking low back pain, 235 Vaccinations, multiple, 1 50 aids, 1 1 0 lowering of neural threshold, 20-21 Vaginal treatment protocol, 386 lumbar lamina groove muscles, 274 Valgus alignment, 83 see also Gait lymphatic dysfunction and, 2 1 -22 Valsalva maneuver, 1 45, 240 multifidus, 273 Varicose veins, 381 Wallets, 1 1 0 in musicians, 1 23, 1 24 Varus alignment, 83 Warts, plantar, 528, 563 myofascial, 1 8, 21 Vasti muscles, test for weakness, 485--486 Water, 1 60 nutritional influences, 1 53, 1 58, 1 59 Vastus intermedius, 483, 484 obturator internus, 386 applications see Hydrotherapy in pelvic dysfunction, 321 trigger points, 484, 485 peroneus longus and brevis, 549 Vastus lateralis, 413, 482--483 balance retraining in, 70 peroneus tertius, 554 mineral content, 1 60 piriformis, 370, 371 , 372, 386, 430 in gait, 78, 3 1 7 Water beds, 1 20 plantar muscles of foot, 559, 560, 561 , 562 N MT, 422 Water sports, 1 45 plantaris, 535 trigger points, 422, 483, 485 Watkins, sports injuries, 1 43-144, 1 45 possible useful function, 27, 1 91 Vastus medialis (oblique, VMO), 413, 483--484 'Wear and tear', 32 quadratus lumborum, 2 1 , 258, 260 patella tracking and, 464 Web, computerized postural records, 39 rectus abdominis, 284-285 reflex inhibition, 1 3 Weight rectus femoris, 413, 485 trigger points, 484, 485 acceptance (WA), 75, 76 reflex sympathetic dystrophy and, 5 1 1 Vegan diet, 1 56 release, 75 rotatores, 273 Vein thrombosis, deep (DVT), 1 06-107, 533, transfer, 75 sacroiliac ligaments, 377 Weight bearing sacrotuberous ligament, 380 534 forces, knee alignment and, 449 sartorius, 414 Venous pumping, 533-534 in high-heeled shoes, 1 08 satellite, 20, 21 Ventral (anterior) sacroiliac ligament, 3 1 2, 376 symmetry of, 45, 46 serra tus posterior inferior, 258 Vertebral body, lumbar spine, 2 1 6--217, 224 Weight lifters, 143-144 soleus, 533-534 Weight training, 1 43-145, 1 96-197 sphincter ani, 387 Vertebral column see Spine Wellness education, 1 67 target zone of referral, 20, 21 Whiplash, 65, 1 03 tensor fasciae latae, 421, 422 Vertebral end plates, 219 Wind players, 1 23 thigh adductors, 140, 142, 41 7, 418 Vertebral foramen, 217 Withdrawal symptoms, food exclusion, 1 54, tibialis anterior, 551 -552 Vestibular apparatus, 63 tibialis posterior, 544 Vibration 1 55 toe flexor muscles, 543 Wobble board training, 68, 509 treatment, 1 8, 1 9, 1 9 1 car d rivers, 1 0 1 Wolff's law, 4, 408 in traditional massage, 1 95 Working, sitting posture, 1 1 1 , 1 1 7-1 1 8 guidelines, 1 97 Videography, digital, 39 self-help methods, 1 66-169 Viruses X-rays chronic muscle pain and, 1 54 in ankle injuries, 509 see also specific Ireallllel1l leclillirl'les prevention of transmission, 365, 382, 427, in knee d isorders, 482 in leg length discrepancy, 328 vastus intermedius, 484, 485 563 in low back pain, 247, 248 vastus lateralis, 422, 483, 485 Viscera, abdominal, 277, 281 , 282 vastus medialis, 484, 485 Viscerocutaneous reflexes, 1 7 Yoga, al ternate nostril brea thing, 1 58, 1 75 Viscerosomatic reflexes, 1 7 Young people see also Tender points ViscerovisceraI reflexes, 1 7 Viscoelasticity, 4 overtraining, 1 27, 1 32 Trochanteric bursa, 364, 366, 424-425, 426 Viscoplastici ty, 4 overuse injuries in soccer players, 131-1 35 Tru nk Viscous flow phenomenon, 209 Vision, in postural control, 63 Zink & Lawson, testing tissue preference, 7 anterior tender points, 272 Visual dysfunction, in mild brain trauma, 65 Zona orbicularis, 392 curI-up exercise, 234, 293 Vitamin B6, 1 59 Zygapophysial (facet) joints, 218, 21 9-220 extensors, 228 Vitamins, 1 59, 1 62 movements in gaiting, 81 Vleeming capsule problems, causing backache, 236 muscles, 249, 290 function, 224--225 erector spinae, 264, 272 syndromes, role of muscles, 1 90 see also Psoas muscles; Quadratus functional hallux limitus, 91, 529 gait, 77, 78-79, 3 1 7 lumborum Tryptophan, 1 59 Twisted muscles, 9