PNF in Practice-An Illustrated Guide - 3rd Edition

Glossary 299 – Concentric: shortening of the agonist pro- Stretch duces motion. Elongation of muscular tissue. 5 Stretch stimulus: increased excitation in mus- – Eccentric: an outside force, gravity or re- sistance, produces the motion. The motion cles in the elongated state. is restrained by the controlled lengthening 5 Quick stretch: sharp stretch or tap on muscles of the agonist. under tension. A quick stretch is required to – Stabilizing isotonic: the intent of the pa- get a stretch reflex. tient is motion, the motion is prevented by 5 Restretch: another quick stretch to a muscle an outside force (usually resistance). that is under the tension of contraction. 5 Isometric (static): the intent of both the patient Successive induction and the therapist is for no motion to occur. Contraction of the antagonists is followed by an in- tensified excitation of the agonist. This is a basis for Overflow the reversal techniques. The expansion of a response. In therapy we make use of overflow from the stronger to the weak- Summation er parts of a pattern or from stronger patterns to The joining of subliminal stimuli resulting in exci- weaker patterns of motion. tation or a stronger contraction. 5 Spatial summation: simultaneous stimuli from Pivot of action The joint or body section in which movement takes different parts of the body join to produce a place. stronger muscle contraction. 5 Temporal summation: the combining of stimu- Reinforcement li that occur within a short time period to pro- The strengthening of a weaker segment by a strong- duce a stronger muscle contraction or activate er segment, which has been specially chosen for more motor units. this purpose. It can work within a pattern or the reinforcement can come from another part of the Technique body. Resisted muscle contractions combined with ap- propriate facilitatory procedures to achieve specific Repeated contractions objectives. The techniques are combined to achieve Eliciting the stretch reflex repeatedly from an al- the desired results. ready contracting muscle or muscles to produce stronger contractions. Timing The sequencing of movements. Replication 5 Normal timing: the course or sequence of A PNF technique to learn a movement or position. movements that results in coordinate move- Reversal ment. An agonistic motion followed by an antagonis- 5 Timing for emphasis: changing the normal tic motion. This is an effective form of facilitation timing of movements to emphasize some com- based on reciprocal innervation and successive in- ponent within the movement. This is especial- duction. ly effective when applying optimal resistance to stronger components within the movement. Reciprocal Innervation Unilateral On one side of the body. Of only one leg or arm. Excitation of the agonist is coupled with simultane- ous inhibition of the antagonist. This provides a ba- sis for coordinate movement.

I 1 Introduction 2 Basic Procedures for Facilitation 3 Techniques 4 Patient Treatment 5 Patterns of Facilitation 6 The Scapula and Pelvis 7 The Upper Extremity 8 The Lower Extremity 9 The Neck 10 The Trunk 11 Mat Activities 12 Gait Training 13 Vital Functions 14 Activities of Daily Living Glossary