PE Book HS

LOCAL HISTORY Bahamas Lawn & Tennis Association (B.L.T.A.) was formed TENNIS COURT 50

Activity one Instructions After reading the passage above complete the following sentences by filling in the blanks. 1.When and where was tennis originated ? __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 2.Tennis is a _______________ game where the __________________ was stuck with the ______________________. 3. Tennis was first called ________________________________. 4.Paume evolved into _________________________ and ____________ was used. 5. In ____________ ,Major Walter Wingfield invented a game called __________________ ,from which modern outdoor tennis evolved. 6. By the late 19 century , the popularity of ________________________had over taken croquet in ________________. 7. In ____________ , Lawn tennis was becoming increasingly popular worldwide. 8. An international conference was held between _____________________ nations in _______________________ and the _________________________, ______________________ tennis Federation was created . 9. Tennis was withdrawn from the Olympic program after __________________ and returned as a medal sport until __________________. 51

10. The tennis court is __________________________ in length and _____________________ in width. 52

Chapter 6 Soccer 53

SOCCER GENERAL HISTORY SOCCER  The Greeks, Romans and Chinese played games similar to Soccer  During the 11th Century, the game was played in England  Hands and legs were used to hit the ball  1863- use of hands was stopped  THE GOVERNMENT BODY OF SOCCER IS F.I.F.A (INTERNATIONAL DE FOOTBALL ASSOCIATION).  Another name for Soccer is Football. LOCAL HISTORY 1968 Bahamas Football Association (B.F.A.) was formed 1968 Bahamas joined F.I.F.A. 1992 Women’s League was formed Women Play In New Providence and Grand Bahama Men play in New Providence, Grand Bahama, Abaco and Eleuthera Two Certified International Referees are Mr. Wilson & Mr. Lionel Haven THE GAME  The game is played between two teams  Teams are allowed 11,7 or 5 players  Each game is started with an indirect free kick  Players are not allowed to use their hands  Only the Goalkeeper is allowed to touch the ball with his hands while it is in play  Games are divided into two halves  Each half last 45 minutes  A Throe-In used to put the ball into play when it goes out THE FIELD  The Field is 110 feet long and 94 feet wide  For juniors the field is made smaller  The Field is divided by a half line  A penalty spot is located 12 yards from the goal  Sidelines are called ―Touchlines‖  End lines are call ―Goal-Lines‖ 54

OUTSTANDING BAHAMAIAN PLAYERS Robert Ash Wilson Bain Lionel Haven Clarence Bellot Simeon Bowe (Deceased) Sam Haven Jackson Brennen Roscoe Davies Paul Johnson SECTION A INSTRUCTIONS: PLEASE ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS BY FILLING IN THE BLANKS. 1. During the 11th ______________________ the game was played in England. 2. Another name for Soccer is __________________________. 3. The Governing Body is _______________________________. 4. A Female League was started in _________________________. 5. Two Certified Bahamian Officials are __________________________ and _________________. 6. During the early years players were able to hit the ball with their ___________________ and _______________________ . 7. The Bahamas Football Association was formed in _________________________. 8. Women played Football in __________________ and ____________________. SECTION B AFTER READING THE PASSAGE ABOVE COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES BY FILLING IN THE BLANKS. 1. Teams can be made up ___________________, ___________________, ________________ players. 2. Each Goal count as ____________________ points. 3. Only the _______________________ keeper is allowed to use his hands to play the ball. 4. 4. Games are divided into two _________________________. 5. Players use a _________________ in to put the ball into play. 6. The Field is __________________ feet long and ____________________ feet wide. 7. Sidelines are called ____________________________. 8. Each game is starts with a _______________ kick. 55

SKILLS Skills that are used in the game are:  Dribbling- Moving the ball around with the feet.  Passing –Kicking the ball to a teammate  Tackling the ball away from an offensive player  Running-Moving up and down the field  Heading-Using the head to propel the ball  Trapping – Stopping the ball with the feel, chest or thighs  Kicking – Striking the ball with the feet. KICKS  Indirect Free Kick- Ball must be kicked to another player before it can be kick forward.  Direct Kick- Ball can be kicked directly toward the goal  Penalty Kick awarded after a penalty  Goal Kick- Kick taken by the goal keeper  Corner Kick- Kick taken from the corner of the field. INSTRUCTIONS FROM THE LIST OF WORDS BELOW SELECT THE OWRD WHICH BEST COMPLETES THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES. Penalty kicks 110 feet 92 feet Five 1967 football Penalty spot touchlines throw-in F.I.F.A goalkeeper referee 1. Ties are broken by ______________________________ kicks. 2. The _________________________ spot is found 12 yards from the goal. 3. Each team has ________________ penalty kicks in overtime. 4. Sidelines are called __________________ lines. 5. The Field is ____________________ long and ___________________ wide. 6. The ____________________________ is in charge of the game. 7. The ________________________ is the only player who can use his hands on the ball. 8. The World Governing Body is Called ________________________. 9. Another name for Soccer is ___________________. 10. A ____________________ in is used to put the ball into play. 56

INSTRUCTIONS SELECT THE WORD FROM THE FOLLOWING LIST WHICH BEST FITS THE DEFINITIONS BELOW. _____________________ moving the ball forward with the feet ______________________ taking the ball away from an offensive player ______________________ stopping a moving ball with the feet, chest or legs ______________________ Last defender in front of the goalie ______________________ moving up and down the field _____________________ bouncing the ball off the forehead _____________________ Kick made when the ball crosses the goal line _____________________ moving the ball to a teammate ______________________ moving up and down the field ______________________ only the goalkeeper is allowed to defend. SOCCER WORD FIND Instructions Below is a list of names of former and current Outstanding Bahamian Football Players. Try to find their surnames in the puzzle below. Roscoe Davies Larry Minnis Randy Rodgers Jackson Brennen Lionel Haven Clarence Bellot Harvey Mullings Sam Haven Harcourt Rolle Wilson Bain R OGDA VI E SB O O N MA E L L OR DADHM UL O AE G H T G P N MK TN E BAL E KL S BN R HAUT RGS ME S AL HB NBA IN HVOAI RS T NH B E L L O T ML NO P NL QM L HA SA NUF I E T L D NL MS KHA VE N HT 57

Chapter 7 Volleyball 58

VOLLEYBALL The game of volleyball, originally called ―mintonette,‖ was invented in 1895 by William G. Morgan after the invention of basketball only four years before. Morgan, a graduate of the Springfield College of the YMCA, designed the game to be a combination of basketball, baseball, tennis, and hand ball. The first volleyball net, borrowed from tennis, was only 6’6″ high (though you need to remember that the average American was shorter in the nineteenth century). The offensive style of setting and spiking was first demonstrated in the Philippines in 1916. Over the years that followed, it became clear that standard rules were needed for tournament play, and thus the USVBA (United States Volleyball Association) was formed in 1928. Two years later, the first two-man beach volleyball game was played, though the professional side of the sport did not emerge until much later. Not surprisingly, the first beach volleyball association appeared in California (1965), and the professional players united under the auspices of the AVP (American Volleyball Professionals) in 1983. During the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics, American men and women took gold and silver medals in indoor volleyball competitions. Four years later at the Olympics in Korea, the men once again scored gold. Starting in 1996, two-man beach volleyball was officially introduced to the Olympics. Today, there are more than 800 million volleyball players worldwide, 46 million of them in the U.S. The governing body is The Federation De International Volleyball {F.I.V.A}. LOCAL DEVELOPMENT Roman Catholic Monks introduced the Game to The Bahamas 1863 The First Organized League was formed. 1865 The First National Team played in Jamaica. 1983 Tom Grant was certified as an International Referee. PLAYING AREA 59

 The Playing area is called the court  The court is 60feet long and 30 feet wide  The court is divided in half by the net  The net is 8feet high for men and 7feet 4 and ¼ inches for women and 7 feet six inches for juniors  There are six playing positions on the court OUTSTANDING BAHAMIAN VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS Deacon Lou Adderley, Celestine Albury, Margaret Albury Leonard ―Skinny‖ Archer, Timmy Barrette, David Bullard Leslie Cartwright, Mark Clarke, Jackie Conyers Joseph Demeritte, John Ferguson, Jenny Dotson, Leroy Fawkes ACTIVITY ONE After reading the passage above please complete the following sentences by filling in the blanks. 1. The playing area is called the ________________________. 2. The court is divided by a _______________. 3. There are ________________ playing positions. 4. The court is __________________ feet wide and _________ feet long. 5. The net is _______________ feet _____________ inches for juniors. 6. The playing positions are _____________________________________________________________ 60

_____________________________________________________________ ______________________ 7. The first organized league was formed in ______________________. 8. _________________ is a Certified International Referee. ACTIVITY TWO After reading the information above answer the following questions by filling in the blanks. 1. Rules to make the game go faster are called _______________ rules. 2. The ball may be played with ____________ part of the body. 3. A team wins a ______________ when it scores 25 points. 4. Moving from position to position is called ______________. 5. When a team loses the ball it’s called a ______________. 6. When a ball touches lines it is _______________. 61

7. ___________________ is an attempt to stop the ball coming over the net. 8. An overhead pass is called a ___________________. SERVING  When serving the ball the server must stand behind the back line.  The ball can be served overhead or underhand  There are several styles of serving that may be used  The jump serve which is for advance players  The push serve using the fingers  A topspin serve  The float serve  When serving the ball must be tossed up out of the hand  The ball may not be served out of the hand. THE GAME  Each game begins with a serve  The server has five seconds to serve the ball  When a team loses the ball it is side out 62

 Player movement is called rotation  If a ball touches a line it is on  Speed rules are new rules  Using these rules a point is scored on every play  The first team to score 25 points with a 2 point lead wins the game.  The ball may be played with any part of the body SKILLS USED IN THE GAME  Flicking- overhead pass using the fingers  Bumping- underhand pass using the forearms  Serving- hitting the ball over the net from the back line  Blocking- trying to stop balls coming over the net  Spiking- hitting the ball very hard  Digging- using one hand to get the ball up ACTIVITY THREE INSTRUCTIONS: In the spaces provided list (4) ways of serving the ball A. __________________________ B. __________________________ C. __________________________ D. __________________________ THE OFFICIAL AT THE TOP OF THE NET IS THE REFEREE ACTIVITY INSTRUCTIONS: In the space provided list (6) playing positions A. ____________________________ 63

B. ____________________________ C. ____________________________ D. ____________________________ E. ____________________________ F. ____________________________ INSTRUCTIONS: In the spaces provided list (3) types of passes used in volleyball. A. ____________________________ B. ____________________________ C. ___________________________ HOME WORK ACTIVITY FOUR INSTRUCTIONS: In spaces below using complete sentences define the following volleyball terms. 1. Side- out _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 2. Double- Fault _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 64

3. Deuce _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 4. Dink _____________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 5. Double- Hit _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 6. Rotation _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 7. Speed- Rules _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 8. Dig ________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________ The Court 65

66

Chapter 8 Softball SOFTBALL 67

BRIEF HISTORY 1887 George Hancock developed the indoor game 1895 Lewis Roberts adapted the game for indoor play 1933 Softball was officially adopted as a tournament sport 1973 The Bahamas competed in its first international competition. THE GOVERNING BODIES ARE THE:  A.S.A ( American Softball Association)  I.S.F. (International Softball Federation) LOCAL HISTORY  Softball was introduces to The Bahamas after world war two  Soldiers Austin Perform, Lee Davis, Alfred Lowe and Father Mercian Peters were early organizers.  The Bahamas Softball Federation (B.S.F) is the Local Governing Body.  Leon Knowles and Churchill Knowles are Members of The International Hall of Fame.  The Bahamas was once ranked 3rd in the world in Softball. OUTSTANDING BAHAMIAN SOFTBALLERS Vangy Bowleg Ernestine Butler Eddie Ford Linda Ford Kermit Graham Glen Griffin Daisy Hanna Sonny Haven Richard Johnson Andrea Knowles Jimmy Lee Fred Taylor Fred ―Pappa‖ Smith Charlie Mortimor ACTIVITY ONE 68

After reading the information above complete the following sentences by filling in the blanks. 1. Two Bahamians who are members of the Softball Hall of Fame are ___________________ and ___________________. 2. The Local Governing Body of Softball is the _____________________. 3. George Hancock Developed the Out Door Game in ________________. 4. The Two International Governing Bodies are the _________________ and the _______________________. 5. Two soldiers who were early organizers were __________________ and __________________________. 6. The Bahamas was once ranked _________ in the world in softball. 7. Softball was officially adopted as a Tournament Sport in __________________. 8. The game was adopted for indoor play by _______________________. THE FIELD  Diamond is another name for the playing field  Bases are sixty (60) feet apart  The field is divided into infield and outfield 69

PLAYERS  Nine players make up a team  Positions are catcher, pitcher, first baseman, second baseman, third baseman, short stop, left fielder, center fielder, right fielder.  The catcher and first baseman wear mitts  All other players wears gloves GAMES  Games last seven (7) innings  Juniors Play five (5) innings  An inning is complete when teams have batted and fielded  A run is scored when a player touches all bases and reaches home safely  Hits can be singles – 1 base Doubles – 2 bases Triples – 3 bases Home Run – 4 bases  A run counts as one (1)  The score of a forfeited game is 7-0  The catcher wears the tools of ignorance, mitt, mask, and chest protector, shin guards 70

SOFTBALL FIELD 71

ACTIVITY TWO INSTRUCTIONS: Using the words listed below; complete the sentence by filling in the blanks Double fair walk tag Error nine-catcher umpire 1. A two base hit is called _____________________. 2. A _______________ ball is hit between the first and third base. 3. When a batter takes four balls, he gets a ____________________. 4. Touching a player with the ball in your gloves is a __________________. 5. When a fielder misses a ball, he has made a _________________. 6. Each team is allowed ________________ players on a team. 7. The ________________ plays in foul territory. 8. The ___________________ calls balls and strikes. ACTIVITY THREE Instructions 72

Underline each line word listed above where it appears in each sentence. Diamond Outfield Five Defense Infield Nine Offense Run 1. Another name for the playing field is a diamond. 2. There are six infield positions. 3. Each team is allowed to have nine players on the field. 4. Games for junior players last five innings. 5. When a team is batting, they are on offense. 6. There are three outfield positions 7. When a base runner touches home safely, a run is scored. 8. When a team is on the field, they are on defense. ACTIVITY FOUR Instructions In the space provided using complete sentences, list five ways a batter can be called out. 73

A. ______________________________________________________________ . B. ______________________________________________________________ . C. ______________________________________________________________ . D. ______________________________________________________________ . E. ______________________________________________________________ . Instructions List four ways a batter may reach first base. A. ______________________________________________________________ . B. ______________________________________________________________ . C. ______________________________________________________________ . D. ______________________________________________________________ . Instructions In the space provided using complete sentences list five ways a base runner can be called out. A. ___________________________________________________________________ . B. ___________________________________________________________________ . C. ___________________________________________________________________ . D. ___________________________________________________________________ . E. ___________________________________________________________________ . ACTIVITY FIVE Instructions The following words can be found in the puzzle, see how many of them you can find. 74

Double Fair Walk Tag Error Nine Catcher Umpire D A R B NT H T A G S B O H MI ER R O R N A K U O NAE R A L M L T S B ETWA L K F L S T O L XL U MB A U MP I REH T R S I ML K C AT H MA H R N A C A TCH E R H L Instructions In the table below place the symbol and position number next to the playing positions. The first one has been completed for you. POSITIONS SYMBOL POSITION NUMBER Pitcher Catcher P1 First Baseman Third Baseman Short Stop Left Fielder Center Fielder Right Fielder Second Baseman Short Fielder (Slow Pitch)  The distance between home plate and second base is 84feet 10 ¼ inches. ACTIVITY SIX Instructions Underline the words in the following list as each one appears in the sentences below. 75

Nine Double-Play Bat Tag Fair-Balls Strike Grand-Slam Walk Full-Count Foul Ball 1. Each team is allowed nine players. 2. A double play occurs when two players are out on the same play. 3. Players use a bat to hit the ball. 4. A tag occurs when player touches a runner with the ball in his glove. 5. A Fair Ball is hit between first and third base lines. 6. When a batter swings and misses a pitch. A strike is called. 7. A Grand Slam is a home run with the bases loaded. 8. When a batter takes four balls, he receives a walk. 9. A Full Count occurs when a batter has three balls and two strikes. 10. A Foul Ball is called when a ball is hit outside the lines at first and third.  Bases are sixty feet apart. ACTIVITY SEVEN INSTRUCTIONS: Define the following softball terms using complete sentences. 76

1. Fielder's Choice -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2. Passed Ball -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3. Hot Corner -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4. Full-Count --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5. Double-Play ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6. Sacrifice Bunt ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7. Keystone Sack ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8. R.B.I. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ACTIVITY EIGHT Instructions The following is a list of words, which appear in the puzzle. 77

See how many words you can find. B.S.F Ball Full Count Foul Strike Bat Seven Diamond Run Umpire FUL L C O UNT UT RWU S T T D WB MS UB S F B N WP A P M NR H F O U L OS I T UB S ML H O L WR A OR A R S T RI KE B BI WL MS EBRTH DO A T L S E VE NO Using the words listed above complete the following sentences by filling in the blanks with the correct word. 1. The Governing Body for softball is the _________________________. 2. A round ____________________ is used to play the game. 3. ___________________ occurs when a batter has three balls and two strikes. 4. A ball hit outside the first and third base lines is __________________. 5. ______________ is scored when a runner touches all bases safely. 6. ________________ is called when a batter swings and misses a pitch. 7. A ____________________ bat is used to hit the ball. 8. The playing field is called a _________________________. ACTIVITY NINE Instructions In the table below are acronyms for various softball associations locally and internationally. Write the full name of each one in the column opposite. An example has been done for you. 78

ASSOCIATIONS FULL NAMES E.S.A. Eleuthera Softball Association I.S.F. A.S.A. B.S.F. N.P.S.A N.P.O.T.S.A. B.G.D.S.A. B.W.S.A. B.U.S.A. E.S.A. G.B.S.A ACTIVITY TEN Instructions Below is a list of softball words see how many of them you can unscramble then use each one in a complete sentence. HATCECR ____________________ EABS ________________________ WTHOR ______________________ FTBSLALO ___________________ MDIDAON ____________________ LEDIF ________________________ LOVGE _______________________ TABETR ______________________ REROR _______________________ TRIKSE _______________________ SECTION B 1. ______________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________ 5. ______________________________________________________________________ 6. ______________________________________________________________________ 7. ______________________________________________________________________ 8. ______________________________________________________________________ 9. ______________________________________________________________________ 10. ______________________________________________________________________ ACTIVITY ELEVEN Instructions Read the following softball situations, “then you make the call” 79

1. A batter has a count of three ball and two strikes, what’s the count? ________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ 2. A base runner is hit by a ball while in fair territory, what is the call? ________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 3. On a fly ball that is caught, a runner leaves first base and runs to second base; the fielding team throws the ball to first base before the runner gets back, what is the call? ________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 4. A batter swings at a pitch but his bat hits the catcher glove, what is the call? ________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ 5. A batter bunts the ball while running to first base he steps on the ball, what is the call? ________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 6. A batter receives a ―free pass‖, what does this mean? ________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 7. A batter has a count of one ball and two strikes; he fouls off the next pitch, what is the call? ________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 8. A batter his a fair ball that goes between the legs of the center fielder, the batter over takes the base runner in front of him and touches home plate first, what is the call? ________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 9. Standing in the batter box, a pitch hits a batter he does not try to avoid being hit, what is the call? ________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 10. A pitched ball hits the bat of a batter who is trying to avoid being hit, the ball rolls into fair territory, the batter does not run, the ball is thrown to first base, what is the call? ________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 80

81

Chapter 9 Cricket The History 82

It is the oldest sport being played in the country today. The only other sporting event that began before cricket was horse racing, which started in 1796. The Bahamas Cricket Association was formed in 1936 as an organized body. From the 1940s up to the 1970s, cricket was played by just about everyone on the island whether in the road, playground or on cricket fields. Had the Bahamas been part of the West Indies Board, a number of players from the island may have made the national team. The late 1970s saw the game begin to decline in the country as teachers, who had previously come from the UK with a passion for cricket were replaced by teachers who had been trained in the USA. The Bahamian PE Teachers had no knowledge of the game and instead taught track & field, baseball, softball among other sports. Scholarships abroad for other sports lured the youths away from cricket. International competition The Bahamas first appeared in international competition in 2002 when it entered the ICC Americas Championship. After predictably struggling amongst more established nations, it found its feet when the format was changed into three divisions from 2006. It eventually gained promotion to Division One via the 2010 Americas Division Two, a feat that has also earned it a place in the 2010 Pepsi ICC World Cricket League Division Eight. In 2006, the Bahamas competed in the historical Stanford 20/20 Tournament in Antigua, where the side struggled to compete. An U19 squad competed in the ICC Americas U19 Tournament in Canada from August 11–19, 2007, a first for an Affiliate country in the Americas to participate at this level. Domestic competition The local league consists of seniors playing 50-overs competition with nine teams and runs from March to November. During the course of the season other competitions are played as well including Twenty20 and six-a-side. A primary school league is played between eight primary schools at Windsor Park. Cricket has been played in The Bahamas from as far back as 1846. Apart from Horse Racing, which began in 1796, it is the oldest sport being played in the country today. The Bahamas Cricket Association was formed in 1936 as an organized body. During the 1940’s and up to the 1970’s, cricket was played by just about everyone on the island in the roads, play grounds, and of course the cricket fields. We were not a part of the West Indies Board, and had it not been for that fact, a number of our players would perhaps have been selected for the West Indies Team. The matches, which were played at Windsor Park, St. Bernard’s Park and Haynes Oval, were so well attended that late arrival caused spectators to have great difficulty in viewing them.. 83

The late 70’s saw the beginning of cricket’s decline in the country. This was due to a number of factors. Physical Education (P.E.) Teachers were recruited from England and they had a vast knowledge of cricket that was imparted on the youth. However, the Government stopped sourcing them from England, and instead hired Bahamians who were trained in the United States. The Bahamian P.E. Teachers had no knowledge of the game and instead taught track & field, baseball, and softball, along with other sports. Additionally, scholarships abroad for other sports lured the youth away from cricket. Despite this decline, The Bahamas has been involved in a number of cricket competitions. In 2001, The Bahamas was invited to compete in the International Cricket Council’s (ICC) Americas Regional Tournament in Jamaica, where we placed second. The Bahamas had been a member of the ICC since 1987. This success in the tournament was the catalyst that was needed to regenerate the game in The Bahamas. Subsequent to that tournament, we went on to compete in an ICC Tournament in Panama, where we placed first, and the ICC Americas Associate Tournament in Argentina. We also had a chance to qualify for the 2007 Cricket World Cup by competing against the Associate members in Bermuda in 2004, but we fell short. ICC created a World league in 2006, which we tried out for, but came second behind Argentina, who is an Associate Country. However, all was not lost, as The Bahamas is ranked number one in the Americas Region Affiliates rankings. We are presently ranked 40th out of 95 countries that make up Associates and Affiliates. Fate was on our side as ICC created yet another division in the World league, and we were placed in that division based on The Bahamas being the number one Affiliate in the Americas. Our division included Botswana, United States, Afghanistan, East Asia, Norway, Nepal, Singapore, Jersey, Mozambique, East Asia 2 and Germany. In 2006 the Association took a bold step in hiring an international cricket coach from England to introduce the game in the schools. We had no income to pay the coach but instead we solicited funds for the same. The coach was able to make contact with 26 primary schools in Nassau and introduced what is known as Kwik Cricket to the young boys and girls. They loved it! Out of that program he was able to start an under 15 and under 13 league, having four teams each, with the under 15’s playing with hardball. An under 19 squad was also put together, and competed in the ICC Americas under 19 Tournament in Canada from August 11th to 19th, 2007- a historical day for the Bahamas! The Bahamas Junior National Team competed in The ICC Americas Central Division Under 15 Tournament in The Bahamas in 2009, and emerged victorious. We presently have Senior, Under 19 and Under 15 National Teams. The Bahamas participated in the Pepsi ICC Cricket World League Division 8 in Kuwait in 2010. Cricket is played on Saturdays and Sundays at Windsor Park and Haynes Ova Skills in Cricket 84

Batting Skills Bob Woolmer, former head coach of the South African cricket team, wrote in \"The Art and Science of Cricket,\" that batting has five basic principles: \"Watch the ball, keep your head still on release of the ball, judge length accurately, allow your hands to lead your body and feet into the correct position and select the correct shot.\" Your grip on the bat should feel natural, using the same tension as when you pick the bat up from the ground. Try to relax at the crease since tension will restrict your movement and have a negative impact on your technique. Lift the bat up as the bowler approaches, keep your head still, focus on the ball and commit fully to the shot you select. Bowling Skills Whether you're a fast bowler, medium-paced bowler who swings the ball in the air or spin bowler who gets the ball to move dramatically off the pitch, bowling has a foundation of skills that each player must learn. Woolmer wrote that by focusing on \"momentum, balance and timing\" within the context of the run-up, the set-up, the unfold, the delivery and the follow through, bowlers will become consistent and accurate and will be able to take wickets. Bowlers should start off slowly and gain speed and momentum as the run-up progresses into the set-up. Point your left arm -- if you're a right-handed bowler -- in the direction you want the ball to land. As your action begins to unfold, your bowling arm will begin a 360-degree rotation. Fix your eyes on the target and place your left foot on the popping crease to begin the delivery. Your momentum will naturally bring your arm through to release the ball. Always complete your follow by continuing until you naturally come to a stop. Do not stop quickly or you'll increase the risk of injury Catching Skills Catching requires five basic skills: Excellent reflexes to get the ball, good hand-eye coordination, anticipation and alertness to react to the ball quickly, and a still head to keep the technique together. As the ball comes toward you, try to use two hands, keep still and keep your eye on the ball. Point your fingers away from your body to create a large surface area by spreading your fingers wide. When the ball enters your hands, try to cushion the ball by moving your hands back toward you. This \"give,\" as Woolmer calls it, will reduce the chances of the ball bouncing back out of your hands. Other Fielding Skills Picking the ball up quickly and efficiently and throwing the ball at the wickets are the other skills required to be a good fielder. 85

A quick pickup requires short steps as you approach the ball. Bend your knees, place your strongest foot alongside the ball and pick it up with one hand. Woolmer explains that \"the ideal throw is the one used in baseball,\" where you draw the ball back over the shoulder \"so it faces backward\" before unwinding the arm and throwing it straight over the shoulder at the target. Activity one Instructions After reading the passage above complete the following sentences by filling in the blanks. 1.__________________________________________ is the oldest sport played in the country today. 2.The Bahamas Cricket Association was formed in ____________________________ as a organized body. 3.From ____________________________________ to ___________________,cricket was played by just about everyone. 4.In the late ________________________________ the game of cricket decline in the Bahamas. 5.The Bahamas first appeared in international competition in ____________________________________. 6.The Bahamas entered the _________________________________________. 7.In ________________________________ the Bahamas competed in a historic tournament in ___________________________________. 8.___________________________________ is the national sport of the Bahamas . 9. The local league is consists of senior player's ________________________ competition with ___________________________________ teams and runs from __________________________ to _____________________________. 10.Cricket games are played at _________________________________,____________________________, and ________________________________________. Activity two INTRUCTIONS: SECTION A The following is a list of words that are found in the puzzle below. Try to find as many words as possible by underlining them. 86

Haynes Oval Cricket Windsor Park Bowling Batting Glove Wicket Bats man Pitch Onside Off side Bat B F G U I N MH WA S D K T AOBAT T I NGGL OVE T N MP Z G N I L WO B K MS WI N D S O R P A R K C A I L T N MB F G T V C X I NDKCOF F S I DE OJ R WE MH WI C K E T R Y T C HAYNE S OVAL E DGJ Activity three Instructions In the space provided using complete sentences, define the following track and field terms. Batting ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Bowling ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Catching ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Fielding ______________________________________________________________________________ 87

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 88

Cricket Field & Positions 89

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Chapter 10 Sloop Sailing THE HISTORY 91

There are three classes of sloops, increasing in size from Dinghies; Class B sloops; and Class A sloops. Class A sloops must be no longer than 28′ 3″ between perpendiculars, and between 8′ and 10′ 6″ beam. The hulls and masts must be made of wood, though fiberglass is allowed as a deck covering (many of the newer sloops are cold-molded). The boats cannot have bowsprits, spreaders, winches, or instruments. Sails must be cotton, with no wire luff ropes. Rigs must be traditional Bahamian sloop: Small overlapping jibs tacked to the stem-head; and large rounded mains' headboards (essentially single-halyard gaffs). Up to three ―pry boards‖ are allowed— planks held to the deck by large staples, run out to windward to seat human ballast (as used also by Chesapeake Bay sailing log canoes). The sloops must be Bahamian designed, built, owned and skippered. They have inside ballast, lovely sweeping sheers, and wineglass hull shapes. Rudders are transom-hung, and tillers pass through a slot in the upper transom. Transoms are raked, wineglass-shaped, and usually have a distinctive color-stripe across them near the top. The first Bahamian to win a gold medal in sailing was Sir Durward Randolph Knowles Born 2 November 1917,he is a sailor and Olympic champion from the Bahamas. He competed at the1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, where he won a gold medal in the Star class, together with Cecil Cooke. He received a bronze medal at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne. He had previously competed for the United Kingdom in the 1948 Olympics finishing in 4th place in the Star class together with Sloane Elmo Farrington.Knowles was knighted in 1996. In 1997, he was awarded The Bahamas' Order of Merit.] In 2014, the second Legend-class patrol boat of the Royal Bahamas Defense Force was commissioned as HMBS Durward Knowles. OUTSTANDING BAHAMIAN SAILERS SIR DURWARD KNOWLES SLOAME ELMO FARRINGTON CECIL COOKE KING ERIC GIBSON ( DECEASED ) \"BABER ELEAZA JOHNSON REV PHILP MCPHEE REV ELKIN SYMONETTE(DECEASED) BUZZIE ROLLE JOSHUA GREEN 92

A Class A sloop with maximum human ballast on her “pry boards” The boats are lined up at anchor before the start of each race, and start by weighing anchor hand- over-hand as fast as possible. All except the lead boat must start on the starboard tack. There are buoys marking the race course, which includes various points of sail. The races are action- packed and exciting to watch. By the early 1950’s, working sail was fast disappearing from this part of the world. The Grand Banks fishing schooner was all but gone, the Chesapeake oyster dreggers were no longer being replaced as they were laid up, and the many vessels still working under canvas in the Bahamas had an uncertain future. In 1954 a small group of Bahamian and American yachtsmen conceived the idea of holding a regatta for the Bahamian working sailing craft. 93

Hence the Regatta was conceived to offer a fine opportunity for Bahamian sailors to all gather in one place, have some sport, and a chance for cruising yachtsmen to witness one of the last working sailing fleets in action and at the same time introduce them to the magnificent cruising grounds here in The Bahamas…. So it was in the late April 1954 nearly 70 Bahamian sloops, schooners, and dinghies gathered in Elizabeth Harbour for three days of racing. And thus the Family Island Regatta was born. The Regatta evolved over the many years since 1954 into what it is today. Strict (but not too strict) rules govern the boats. My friend naval architect Art Paine is instrumental in planning and judging the races, and in helping to formulate those rules. Art (Chuck Paine’s twin brother) is an ardent supporter of the regattas, and creates beautiful paintings of the sloops. The beautiful miniature island city of George Town—hub of the southern Bahamas—hosts the Regatta each year, and the parties—music, dancing, drinking and racing are epic in scope. Plywood shacks pop up like mushrooms all over the waterfront (really there is nothing but waterfront), with compact kitchens, bars, tables & chairs. Bahamian food is served up hot and inexpensive: dishes like cracked conch, spiny crayfish, conch fritters, baked macaroni & cheese, roast pig, fried or grilled dolphin (mahi-mahi—not Flipper), grouper, rice & peas, conch salad, and more. Loud speakers are placed strategically, and soca, calypso, and Junkanoo tunes, along with race results, are blasted at ear-damage levels. Caribbean dark rum and Kalik (local beer), flow in vast quantities, and the sweet smell of burning herb (splif) can be smelled everywhere. Dancing goes on late into the tropical night. Hangovers can be brutal. Despite what elsewhere would be a ripe environment for trouble; anger or confrontation is very rare, and crime is virtually nonexistent (at least in my experience). Good fellowship and happiness abound for days! Other Bahamian islands have picked up the original theme, and now regattas can be attended at their various locations and times—I regret I have never been to any of them. I think these ―out island‖ regattas include Cat Island and Long Island. Over the years, a handful of Class A sloops have dominated the winning position, including: LADY MURIEL; TIDA WAVE; RUPERTS LEGEND; RUNNING TIDE; AND RED STRIPE. Following are some of my photos of these and other spectacular Class A sloops: 94

RED STRIPE and RUNNING TIDE at the windward mark 95

RUNNING TIDE getting under way, showing her twin pry boards 96

ABACO RAGE getting under way 97

NEW JIFFY 98

TIDA WAVE 99