past

Past Tenses Past Progressive Past Perfect Past Perfect Progressive 1. Use Simple Past action finished in action was in the past equivalent how long something the past progress at special of Present Perfect had been happening before something time in the past else happened

2. Signal words Simple Past Past Progressive Past Perfect Past Perfect while Progressive •last ... •... ago no unambiguous ones •in …… •yesterday 3. Form Simple Past Past Progressive Past Perfect Past Perfect Progressive S + v2 was, were + infinitive had + past participle* had + been + infinitive + -ing + ing

4. Examples 4.1. Affirmative sentences Simple Past Past Progressive Past Perfect Past Perfect Progressive We were in the USA Joe was writing She had read a comic She had been and visited Alaska an e-mail at 5 o'clock before she went to waiting for Jack for last year. bed. 30 minutes when he yesterday evening. arrived. 4.2. Negative sentences Simple Past Past Progressive Past Perfect Past Perfect Progressive We were not in the Joe was not writing She had not read a She had not been USA and did an e-mail at 5 o'clock comic before she waiting for Jack for went to bed. 30 minutes when he not visit Alaska last yesterday evening. year. arrived.

4.3. Questions Simple Past Past Progressive Past Perfect Past Perfect Progressive Were you in the Was Joe writing Had she read a USA an e-mail at 5 o'clock comic before she Had she been yesterday evening? waiting for Jack for and did you visit Alas went to bed? 30 minutes when he ka last year? arrived?