3. A long, stubby wing shape was better than the short, narrow wing shape. 4. On 14 December, they decided that Orville would be the pilot. 5. On 17 December, the plane went too fast, breaking, as a wing hit the ground. Pronunciation (initial clusters) What is a cluster? It is a group of two or more consonant sounds that are together and have no vowel sound between them. Say these words aloud. Notice the letters in bold. These are initial clusters. black brown scout skirt school clown crow scrub Initial clusters drum small flag frog snacks glove group spout occur at the play proud sphere slow screw splash sprout string beginning of words. true throw Cambridge University Press Speaking (offering help; responding to offers of help) Offering help to those who need it is a gracious gesture that makes us better people. • Would you like me to help you with your homework? • Teacher, may I help you carry those books? • Mother, you look tired. Shall I help you with the shopping today? Similarly, when someone offers to help us, we should respond positively. We use these phrases to respond positively. • Thank you very much. • It’s very kind of you. • How thoughtful of you. • How kind of you to offer! We use these phrases to respond negatively but politely. • No, thank you... • It’s very kind of you, but I am sorry... A. Work in pairs and role play these situations. 1. Your mother returns from the supermarket and then realises that she has forgotten to buy tea. What would you do? 2. Your brother has to attend badminton practice and then finds that a string of his racquet is broken. You offer him yours and he is very grateful. 41
(discussion on a topic) B. For some of us, courage is a physical thing but for others, it is a mental state. What kind of courage did the young seagull require to get off that ledge—the physical courage to fly or the mental courage to believe in himself? What do you think? Discuss these questions. Writing (writing a diary entry) People write in diaries as if they are ‘talking’ to someone. Usually, one makes an entry at the end of a day, recounting the events of the day and one’s feelings, thoughts and emotions. You are the young seagull who has finally managed to fly. Write a diary entry for the day you accomplished this task. Include details of • your family and the roles they played. • how the day progressed. • your feelings, thoughts and emotions, and how they kept changing. • the main event itself—the flying! You may begin this way. Cambridge University Press (Date, Day) Dear Diary, This is the best day of my life!… 42
Section C If Rudyard Kipling Warm-up You must have received or given advice at some point in your life. How do you feel when someone advises you? In the chart, write about a difficult situation you faced and the advice you received from your parent or any older person. difficulty advice given Cambridge University Press If you can keep your head when all about you Are losing theirs and blaming it on you, knaves (old-fashioned) dishonest people If you can trust yourself when all men doubt you, But make allowance for their doubting too; If you can wait and not be tired by waiting, Or, being lied about, don’t deal in lies, Or being hated and don’t give way to hating, And yet don’t look too good, nor talk too wise: If you can dream—and not make dreams your master; If you can think—and not make thoughts your aim; If you can meet with Triumph and Disaster And treat those two impostors just the same; If you can bear to hear the truth you’ve spoken Twisted by knaves to make a trap for fools, Or watch the things you gave your life to, broken, And stoop and build ‘em up with worn-out tools; 43
If you can make one heap of all your winnings If you can talk with crowds and keep your virtue, And risk it on one turn of pitch-and-toss, Or walk with Kings—nor lose the common touch, And lose, and start again at your beginnings, If neither foes nor loving friends can hurt you, And never breathe a word about your loss; If all men count with you, but none too much, If you can force your heart and nerve and sinew If you can fill the unforgiving minute To serve your turn long after they are gone, With sixty seconds’ worth of distance run, And so hold on when there is nothing in you Yours is the Earth and everything that’s in it, Except the Will which says to them—‘Hold on!’ And—which is more—you’ll be a Man, my son! pitch-and-toss a game played with coins foes enemies count with you are important to you sinew cord connecting a muscle to a bone Interpreting the Poem Cambridge University Press(reading for main ideas) A. Choose the right options to answer these questions. 1. What do you think it means to ‘walk with Kings’? a. actually walk down the street with some kings b. be friends with people who are successful and have everything c. carry a king from a chess set in your pocket d. be friends with people who think you are a king 2. What does the poet mean by ‘Yours is the Earth and everything that’s in it’? a. You become the ruler of Earth and literally own everything in it. b. You will be a failure on Earth and never get anywhere in life. c. You will be successful and have everything you want. d. You might be successful, but you won’t get everything you want. B. Answer these questions. 1. What does ‘keep your head’ mean? 2. Why should we not make dreams our master? 3. Why are triumph and disaster called impostors? 4. Why is it important to hold on to one’s will? 5. Why does the poet call the minute ‘unforgiving’? (reading for inference; HOTS) C. Read these lines from the poem and answer the questions that follow. 1. If you can trust yourself when all men doubt you, But make allowance for their doubting too; a. What does ‘trust yourself’ mean? b. What does ‘make allowance’ imply? 44
2. If you can force your heart and nerve and sinew To serve your turn long after they are gone, a. What does the speaker mean by ‘heart and nerve and sinew’? b. How can you make them ‘serve your turn long after they are gone’? D. Think and answer. List the qualities that make one a Man (a ‘Man’ here means a ‘good human being’), according to Kipling. E. Discuss in class. (value-based question) Do you agree with Kipling’s list of qualities? Say why. Appreciation Cambridge University Press A. When abstract qualities are given a personality, it is called personification. The poet calls triumph and disaster impostors. An impostor is a person who pretends to be someone else. Why does the narrator do so? Can you find another example of personification in the poem? The poet has used symbols in the poem, that is, used words that actually represent something else. B. Match the symbols to the right meanings. A B 1. knaves a. the important people in society 2. crowds b. liars or conmen 3. kings c. humility 4. common touch d. common folk/people 45
Life Skills Activity (problem solving; self-awareness) Sometimes the negative thoughts that we have can make us feel awful! Cross out the negative thoughts that would make people feel more upset or frustrated and colour the positive thoughts. I don’t This is This is I can No one have hard! But impossible! change ever cares to be about me! perfect! I think my I can do it! thoughts! I can’t Cambridge University PressI’ll tryI give up!I’m aChallengesNo one’sThat’s do it. my best. great can be good. perfect not fair! I am friend! and that’s stupid! okay! I never I’ll never I am not I’m in It’s okay Everyone’s do anything finish! great at control when better math, but of my friends right! I can do other emotions. than me. things! don’t go my way. That’s life! 46
Enrichment Activities 2 (Unit 2) Senses When I was young, maybe two or three, I used to go out to play every evening with my grandfather. We would look at butterflies flitting about around in the garden. He would tell me the names of the different flowers, various plants and fruits which we could spot around us. In this way, I could easily identify a sunbird, a sparrow, a mynah and many other birds by the tender age of four. I knew the names of flowers like marigold, sunflower and chrysanthemum, and I could easily spot an Amaltash tree or a Bakul tree. This was our daily routine till I was ten years old. And although I was a big girl then, I would not miss my grandfather’s company for the world! Tragedy struck when his weak eyesight turned worse and the condition of his eyes slowly deteriorated; he started seeing less every single day till one day he could not see any more. He could not read or write. And although he went out with me for walks, I could understand how disappointed he was when he could not see Nature’s beauties, by which he was surrounded. He would sit quietly on a bench after walking for a while; this, he never did before. Earlier he would always take a long stroll but, not anymore. One day, I decided to do something different. “Grandpa, let’s play a game,” I said. “What’s that?” he humoured me, even though I could say he was not too interested. I took him near a Shiuli tree. I placed a delicate white flower on the palm of his hand, and asked him, “Can you say what this is?” “It is Shiuli. That’s very easy. I can smell it so clearly! Try something difficult,” he said. I smiled. I could see the game had intrigued him. We went from flower to flower and from one tree bark to another. We touched leaves, flowers and creepy-crawlies on tree barks. “Kadam.” “Anjan.” “Devdaru.” “Ashok tree.” Grandpa was right every single time. That day, we had found a new meaning to our evening strolls and I was very proud that I could make him smile! Cambridge University Press Reading Choose the right options to complete these sentences. 1. The narrator used to go out for walks with her a. grandfather. b. grandmother. c. uncle. d. mother. 2. By the age of , she could identify different kinds of birds. a. two b. three c. four d. five 47
3. The narrator’s grandfather turned a. deaf. b. blind. c. lame. d. paralysed. 4. The first thing the narrator wanted her grandfather to guess was the name of a a. tree. b. flower. c. bird. d. creepy-crawly. 5. The narrator’s grandfather could guess the names of a. all the flowers and trees correctly. b. all the birds correctly. c. all the insects correctly. d. none of the options Listening Listen to the telephonic conversation between two people and complete the sentences. 1. Ramish lost his file. Cambridge University Press 2. Leher wanted to know the . 3. Ramish dreaded . 4. Miss Kaul expected . 5. Life can be challenging but . Speaking Work in pairs. Read the situation given below. Then role play the situation with your partner. Akash is riding a bike without a helmet and almost hits a pedestrian. He has a narrow escape. A policeman stops him. He asks for his license. But Akash is only 13 years old. He does not have a license. Moreover, his parents do not know that he has taken the bike out. Akash is in a dilemma. 48
Cambridge University Press How does he face this problem? What does the policeman do? Discuss in class about the dangers of rash driving and driving without a valid license. Do you think Akash did the right thing by taking the bike without his parents’ permission? Life Skills Activity We all face challenges in life. They make us stronger. 49
Think of one major challenge that you faced. How did you overcome it? Write down the challenge in the centre and the steps you took to overcome the challenge in the bubbles around it. Step 1 Step ChallengeCambridge University PressStep 42 Step 3 50
Revision 1 (Units 1 and 2) Where there is a will, there is a way Did you know that many famous authors, poets and scientists had dyslexia—a disorder affecting the brain that makes it difficult for someone to read and write? Let us read about a few of them. • “Writing and spelling were always terribly difficult for me. My letters were without originality. I was…an extraordinarily bad speller and have remained so.”—Agatha Christie. Christie, one of the most famous mystery writers and playwrights till date, suffered from dyslexia. However, it did not stop her from being a master storyteller. She is best known for her detective novels and short story collections. • William Butler Yeats was an Irish poet of the 20th century. In 1923, Yeats was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. He also wrote plays. In his autobiography, Yeats wrote about the struggles he experienced in his early life. “Several of my uncles and aunts had tried to teach me to read, and because they could not, and because I was much older than children who read easily, had come to think, as I have learnt since, that I had not all my faculties.” • Alexander Graham Bell, the inventor of the telephone, was also dyslexic. He would have difficulties at school. His grades were poor. Today, he is one of the most famous scientists we remember. • Albert Einstein is regarded as one of the pioneers of modern physics and as one of the greatest minds of the 20th century. He had dyslexia which affected his memory. He failed to memorise very simple things, like the months in a year. However, he could easily solve some of the most complex mathematical formulae. He won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921. His scientific contributions and theories are relevant to this day. So, one can achieve anything if one wants to and no hurdle is too big. Cambridge University Press Reading Choose the right options to complete these sentences. 1. is a disorder affecting the brain that makes it difficult for someone to read and write. a. Dyslexic b. Dyslexia c. none of the options 2. is one of the most famous mystery writers and playwrights till date. b. William Butler Yeats c. Alexander Graham Bell a. Agatha Christie 51
3. was an Irish poet of the 20th century. a. Agatha Christie b. William Butler Yeats c. Alexander Graham Bell 4. invented the telephone. a. Albert Einstein b. William Butler Yeats c. Alexander Graham Bell 5. is regarded as one of the pioneers of modern physics. a. Albert Einstein b. Agatha Christie c. Alexander Graham Bell Using Grammar A. Match the parts of speech in Column A with the functions they serve in sentences in Column B. Then write a sentence of your own in Column C and underline the word which is the same part of speech mentioned in Column A. Column A Cambridge University PressColumn B Column C noun denotes an action or state of being My mother gave it to me. pronoun describes/modifies a noun or pronoun adjective describes/modifies a verb, adjective or adverb verb substitutes a noun to avoid unnecessary repetition adverb expresses a sudden outburst of feeling(s) preposition joins words, phrases, sentences or clauses conjunction shows the location or relationship of a noun or pronoun with another word in the sentence interjection names/identifies a person, place, animal, thing or idea B. Complete these sentences choosing the right forms of the verbs. 1. When my uncle reached our house, my brother and I (played/were playing) chess. 2. We (wait/have been waiting) for the doctor since 10 o’clock. 3. The sun (rises/rose) in the east and (set/sets) in the west. 4. With the advent of mobile phones, wristwatches (will become/have become) redundant. 5. Rakesh said that he (had met/met) the man earlier. 52
C. Fill in the blanks with suitable modals. 1. (May/Can) you speak Japanese? 2. (Must/Could) you please pass me the salt? 3. It is raining outside; you (must/can) carry an umbrella. 4. I promised my teacher that I (would not/could not) do it again. 5. The old woman (might not/cannot) walk without her walking stick. 6. You (may/should) borrow up to five books from the library, but you (would/must) return them within a week. Using Words Cambridge University Press A. Can you expand these abbreviations? 1. NATO 2. BASIC 3. DNA 4. SONAR 5. WHO 6. YMCA 7. GDP 8. NASA B. Complete these sentences with words formed by adding suitable suffixes to the words in the brackets. 1. The (great) of the man was that he remained honest even during the most difficult times. 2. Sheila’s (enthuse) helped us pull through the difficult days. 3. The (popular) of the product was due to the fact that it was cheap and effective. 4. The explorer returned from the tropical rainforest with a nasty (infect) on her left arm. 5. When writing a summary, we should aim for (clear) of thought and (brief). Literature A. Answer these questions briefly. 1. Why would Qadir need a day to prepare the dal shahi urad? 2. Why did the narrator of the story The All-American Slurp have a hard time with American table manners? 53
Cambridge University Press 3. What was Johnsy suffering from? 4. Twisted by knaves to make a trap for fools, What does the word ‘knaves’ mean here? B. Answer these questions. 1. What favour did Sadiq ask Aman for? 2. Why did the Chinese family carefully watch what the Gleasons and the other guests did? 3. Describe how the food looks after being in the refrigerator for a month. 4. Do you think the painting of the last leaf could be called a masterpiece? Why/Why not? C. Read these sentences and answer the questions that follow. 1. “Ah well,” he thought, “let’s taste his dal, maybe it will be worth the trouble.” a. Who thought this? b. Whose dal is referred to as ‘his’ here? 2. “It’s from a local farmer, and it’s sweet.” a. Who said this to whom? b. What is referred to as ‘it’ here? 3. “She wanted to paint the Bay of Naples someday,’’... a. Who said this and to whom? b. Who is referred to as ‘she’ here? 4. His parents, and his brothers and sister had landed on this green flooring ahead of him. a. Who does the word ‘his’ and ‘him’ refer to? b. What was the ‘green flooring’? 54
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