rama naidu

PREPERATION MATERIAL FOR GANGA QUEST ( Ganga rejuvenation) CHECK YOUR KNOWLEDGE ON GANGA RIVER THROUGH THE QUESTIONS BELOW GIVEN 1. name of the first organization, that was started for improving flow and quality of water in Ganga was? Ans. Ganga maha Sabah 2. Ganga maha Sabah was founded by? Ans. Madan mohan malaviya. 3. Ganga maha sabha was started in? Ans. 1905

4. When did British government announce Ganga samjhauta divas for ensuring uninterupting flow of water in Ganga? Ans. 1914 5. The Ganges Action Plan (GAP) was launched by? Ans. Rajiv Gandhi 6. ‘GAP was launched in the year? Ans. 1986. 7. How many cities were covered under GAP? Ans. 25 class-1 cities from UP, Bihar and West Bengal. 8. GAP major objectives were? Ans. 1 improve the water quality by the interception, diversion and treatment of domestic sewage 2 to prevent toxic and industrial chemical wastes from identified polluting units from entering the river. 9. Some important measures taken to achieve the objectives were Ans. 1 Control of non-point pollution from agricultural run off, afforestation 10. NRGBA stands for? Ans. National River Ganga Basin Authority 11. NRGBA was established in the year? Ans. 2009. 12. Which river has been declared as National river by NRGBA? Ans. The Ganges 13. Ganga clean-up campaign was initiated by government in?

Ans. 2010. 14. Ganga clean-up campaign set the target of controlling pollution of Ganga and achieve the target by? Ans. 2020. 15. The government declared the stretch of river between Gaumukh and Uttarkashi an Eco-sensitive zone in? Ans. 2010. 16. Namami Gange Programme[edit] was launched by the government in? Ans. 2014. 17. What is meant by Namami Gange Ans. 'Obeisance to the Ganges river' 18. Budget allocated for this project in 2014 was Ans. 2037 crore. 19. How many gram panchayats were proposed for open defecation-free by 2022 under this project? Ans. 1,674 gram panchayats 20. How much total budget is estimated for this project Ans. Rs. 20000 crore. 21. As a part of Namami gange program, initially how many industrial units were ordered to shout down along the river? Ans. 48 industrial units 22. What is the percentage of funding for the program Namami gange of central government?

Ans. 100 % 23. What is the name of the force that will be established to protect the river and safe guard? Ans. Ganga Eco-Task Force 24. Namami gange program was operated and supervised by the ministryof Ans. Ministry of Jal shakti government of india. 25. The main pillars of Namami Gange Programme are:? Ans 1. Sewerage Treatment Infrastructure 2. River-Front Development 3. River-Surface Cleaning 4. Bio-Diversity 5. Afforestation 6. Public Awareness 7. Industrial Effluent Monitoring 8. Ganga Gram 26. What is the name of the conference that was held for discussing and finding possible solutions for cleaning the river? Ans Ganga manthan. 27. When was Ganga manthan held? Ans. On 7 july 2014. 28. Ganga manthan was organized by? Ans. NMCG

29. NMCG stands for? Ans. National mission for cleaning ganga. 30. Some joint projects were constructed by _______________ country on Ganga? Ans. Nepal. 31. National Mission for Clean Ganga launched Centre for Ganga River Basin Management and Studies (CGRBMS) in 2016 in collaboration with which Indian Institute of Technology? Ans. IIT Delhi 32. With which one of the following will you associate NGRBA? Ans. Ganga cleaning project THE FOLLOWING ARE SOME FACTS / KEY POINTS THAT HELP IN PREPERATION FOR GANGA QUEST. 33. 28 River-Front Development projects were created for the purpose of cleaning the river. 34. 33 Entry level Projects for construction, modernization and renovation of 182 Ghats and 118 crematoria has been initiated. 35. River Surface cleaning for collection of floating solid waste from the surface of the Ghats and River and its disposal are afoot and pushed into service at 11 locations.

36. A series of activities such as events, workshops, seminars and conferences and numerous activities were organized to make a strong pitch for public outreach and community participation in the programme. 37. Various awareness activities through rallies, campaigns, exhibitions, shram daan, cleanliness drives, competitions, plantation drives and development and distribution of resource materials were organized and for wider publicity the mass 38. Mediums such as TV/Radio, print media advertisements, advertorials, featured articles and advertorials were published. 39. Ganga Theme song was released widely and played on digital media to enhance the visibility of the programme. 40. NMCG ensured presence at Social Media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, You Tube etc. 41. Several Bio-Diversity conservation projects are initiated for the cleaning/protection of Ganga river. 42. Namely, Biodiversity Conservation and Ganga Rejuvenation, Fish and Fishery Conservation in Ganga River are some examples. 43. Ganges River Dolphin Conservation Education Programme has been initiated. 44. Bio-Diversity center’s at Dehradun, Narora, Allahabad, Varanasi and Barrackpore has been developed for restoration of identified priority species. 45. Industrial Effluent Monitoring:- The number of Grossly Polluting Industries (GPIs) in April, 2019 are 1072. Regulation and enforcement through regular and surprise inspections of GPIs is carried out for compliance verification against stipulated environmental norms. 46. The GPIs are also inspected on annual basis for compliance verification of the pollution norms and process modification.

47. Wherever required through third party technical institutes. First round of inspection of GPIs by the third-party technical institutes has been carried out in 2017. 48. Second round of inspection of GPIs has been completed in 2018. 49. Out of 961 GPIs inspected in 2018, 636 are complying, 110 are non-complying and 215 are self-closed. 50. Action has been taken against 110 non-complying GPIs and are issued closure directions under Section 5 of the E(P) Act. 51. Online Continuous Effluent Monitoring Stations (OCEMS) connectivity established to CPCB server in 885 out of 1072 GPIs. 52. Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation (MoDWS) identified 1674 Gram Panchayats situated on the bank of River Ganga in 5 State (Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal). 53. Rs. 578 Crores has been released to Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation (MoDWS) for construction of toilets in 1674 Gram Panchayats of 5 Ganga Basin States. 54. Out of the targeted 15, 27,105 units, MoDWS has completed construction of 8, 53,397 toilets. Consortium of 7 IITs has been engaged in the preparation of 55. Ganga River basin Plan and 65 villages has been adopted by 13 IITs to develop as model villages. 56. UNDP has been engaged as the executing agency for rural sanitation programme and to develop Jharkhand as a model State at an estimated cost of Rs. 127 Crore. 57. National Mission for Clean Ganga(NMCG), endeavors to deploy best available knowledge and resources across the world for Ganga rejuvenation.

58. Clean Ganga has been a perennial attraction for many international countries that have expertise in river rejuvenation. 59. Countries such as Australia, United Kingdom, Germany, Finland, Israel etc. have shown interest in collaborating with India for Ganga rejuvenation. 60. Memorandums of Understanding (MoUs) were signed with various Central Ministries viz.- Ministry of Human Resource Development, Ministry of Rural Development ETC. 61. ★ The Himalayas are the source of three major Indian rivers namely the Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra. 62. Ganga drains a basin of extraordinary variation in altitude, climate, land use, flora & fauna, social and cultural life. 63. Ganga has been a cradle of human civilization since time immemorial. 64. Millions depend on this great river for physical and spiritual sustenance. 65. People have immense faith in the powers of healing and regeneration of the Ganga. 66. It is arguably the most sacred river in the world and is deeply revered by the people of this country. 67. The River plays a vital role in religious ceremonies and rituals. To bathe in Ganga is a lifelong ambition of many who congregate in large numbers for several river centered festivals such as Kumbh Mela and numerous Snan (bath) festivals. 68. ★ The annual average rainfall in the basin varies between 39 cm to 200 cm, with an average of 110 cm. 69. Eighty percent of the rainfall occurs during the monsoon months from June to October. 70. Because of large temporal variations in precipitation over the year, there is wide fluctuation in the flow characteristics of the river.

71. National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA) has started the Mission Clean Ganga with a changed and comprehensive approach to champion the challenges posed to Ganga through four different sectors, namely, of wastewater management, solid waste management, industrial pollution and river front development. 72. NGRBA has been established through the Gazette notification of the Government of India (Extraordinary) No. 328 dated February 20, 2009 issued at New Delhi with the objectives of (a) ensuring effective abatement of pollution and conservation of the river 73. Ganga by adopting a river basin approach to promote inter-sectoral co- ordination for comprehensive planning and management; and (b) maintaining environmental flows in the river Ganga with the aim of ensuring water quality and environmentally sustainable development. 74. NGRBA is mandated to take up regulatory and developmental functions with sustainability needs for effective abatement of pollution and conservation of the river Ganga by adopting a river basin approach for comprehensive planning and management. 75. The Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation(MoWR, RD & GR) is the nodal Ministry for the NGRBA. 76. The authority is chaired by the Prime Minister and has as its members the Union Ministers concerned, the Chief Ministers of the States through which Ganga flows, viz., Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand and West Bengal, among others. 77. This initiative is expected to rejuvenate the collective efforts of the Centre and the States for cleaning the river. 78. NGRBA functions include development of a Ganga River Basin Management Plan,

regulation of activities aimed at prevention, control and abatement of pollution, to maintain water quality and to take measures relevant to the river ecology in the Ganga basin states. 79. It is mandated to ensure the maintenance of minimum ecological flows in the river Ganga and abate pollution through planning, financing and execution of programmes including that of – 1) Augmentation of Sewerage Infrastructure 2) Catchment Area Treatment 3) Protection of Flood Plains 4) Creating Public Awareness 80. NGRBA has been mandated as a planning, financing, monitoring and coordinating authority for strengthening the collective efforts of the Central and State governments for effective abatement of pollution and conservation of river 81. So as to ensure that by the year 2020 no untreated municipal sewage or industrial effluent will flow into the river Ganga. 82. NGRBA has the power, combined with regulatory and developmental functions, to take all such measures and discharge functions as it deems necessary or expedient for effective abatement of pollution and conservation of the river Ganga in keeping with sustainable development needs. Such measures include following matters, namely:- a) Development of river basin management plan and regulation of activities aimed at prevention, control and abatement of pollution in the river Ganga to maintain its water quality, and to take such other measures relevant to river ecology and management in the Ganga Basin States.

b) Maintenance of minimum ecological flows in the river Ganga with the aim of ensuring water quality and environmentally sustainable development. c) Measures necessary for planning, financing and execution of programmes for abatement of pollution in the river Ganga including augmentation of sewerage infrastructure, catchment area treatment, protection of flood plains, creating public awareness and such other measures for promoting environmentally sustainable river conservation. d) Collection, analysis and dissemination of information relating to environmental pollution in the river Ganga. e) Investigations and research regarding problems of environmental pollution and conservation of the river Ganga. f) Creation of special purpose vehicles, as appropriate, for implementation of works vested with the Authority. g) Promotion of water conservation practices including recycling and reuse, rain water harvesting, and decentralised sewage treatment systems. h) Monitoring and review of the implementation of various programmes or activities taken up for prevention, control and abatement of pollution in the river Ganga, and i) Issuance of directions under section 5 of the Environment (Protection) Act 1986 (29 of 1986) for the purpose of exercising and performing all or any of the above functions and to take such other measures as the Authority deems necessary or expedient for achievement of its objectives. 83. The Plan is being prepared with the objectives of taking comprehensive measures for restoration of the wholesomeness of the Ganga ecosystem and improvement of its ecological health, with due regard to the issue of competing water uses in the river basin.

84. The wholesomeness of the river can be grasped in terms of four defining concepts: “Aviral Dhara” (Continuous Flow”), “Nirmal Dhara”(“Unpolluted Flow”), Geologic Entity, and Ecological Entity. 85. Some policies were initiated by the ministry,, government of India such as, Tripartite Memorandum of Agreement (MoA)., Third Part Inspections. City Level Monitoring Committees. Revised Guidelines for Preparation of Details Project Reports(DPRs). 86. ★ Rapidly increasing population, rising standards of living and exponential growth of industrialization and urbanization have exposed water resources, in general, and rivers, in particular, to various forms of degradation. 87. The mighty Ganga is no exception. The deterioration in the water quality impacts the people immediately. 88. Ganga, in some stretches, particularly during lean seasons has become unfit even for bathing. 89. The threat of global climate change, the effect of glacial melt on Ganga flow and the impacts of infrastructural projects in the upper reaches of the river, raise issues that need a comprehensive response. 90. ★ In the Ganga basin approximately 12,000 million litres per day (mld) sewage is generated, for which presently there is a treatment capacity of only around 4,000 mld. 91. Approximately 3000 mld of sewage is discharged into the main stem of the river Ganga from the Class I & II towns located along the banks, against which treatment capacity of about 1000 mld has been created till date. 92. The contribution of industrial pollution, volume-wise, is about 20 per cent but due to its toxic and non- biodegradable nature, this has much greater significance.

93. The industrial pockets in the catchments of Ramganga and Kali rivers and in Kanpur city are significant sources of industrial pollution. 94. The major contributors are tanneries in Kanpur, distilleries, paper mills and sugar 95. ★ Demography has an important bearing on the state of the river as it is significantly affected by the population living within the basin. 96. Average population density in the Ganga basin is 520 persons per square km as against 312 for the entire country (2001 census). 97. Major cities of Delhi, Kolkata, Kanpur, Lucknow, Patna, Agra, Meerut, Varanasi and Allahabad are situated in the basin. 98. The cities in the basin have large and growing populations and a rapidly expanding industrial base. 99. The summary of urban population in the states covering Ganga basin is given in Table. It can be seen that between 2001 and 2011, urban population increased by 30% approximately. This trend is likely to continue. 100. The pollution load is also expected to increase correspondingly.