Book Draft #3 -opt1

Draft #2 KAMPUNG LAUT MOSQUE LAMAN SENI, TUMPAT, KELANTAN 1

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KAMPUNG LAUT MOSQUE LAMAN SENI, TUMPAT, KELANTAN BUILT YEAR CIRCA 1620 - 1976 3

Copyright © 2021 ATSA Publication Published by ATSA Publication Sdn Bhd All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher or the copyright owner. Disclaimers The information and arguments presented in this book have been assembled, derived and developed from various sources, including textbooks, academic papers, news media, reports, standards, guidelines, professional firms, and the Internet. These are presented in good faith. The author and publisher have made every reasonable effort to ensure that information presented is accurate. It is the responsibility of all users to utilise professional judgment, experience and common sense when applying the information presented in this book. This responsibility extends to the verification of local codes, standards and climate data. Every effort has been made to ensure that intellectual property rights are rightfully acknowledged. Omissions or errors, if any, are unintended. Where the publisher or author is notified of an omission or error, these will be corrected in sub- sequent editions. Publisher ATSA Publication Sdn Bhd 45 Jalan Tun Mohd Fuad 3 Taman Tun Dr Ismail 60000 Kuala Lumpur Compiled by and Edited by Azim A Aziz Co-Editor ATSA Architects Sdn Bhd Design ATSA Architects Sdn Bhd Layout Design by Amrul Nazran Abdullah 3D Images ATSA Architects Sdn Bhd Sketches And CAD Drawings Zulqaisar Hamidin Syed Kamal Affendi Syed Mustapha Esqandar Zulqarnain Aznan Abdullah Cover This cover design portrays the skecth of Kampung Laut Mosque by Ar. Zulqaisar Hamidin. Printed and bound in Malaysia

TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE # ACKNOWLEDGEMENT | PENGHARGAAN # PREFACE | KATA PENGATAR # i : His Majesty Sultan Muhammad V, Sultan of Kelantan | Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Sultan Muhammad V, Sultan Kelantan # ii : Menteri Besar of Kelantan | Menteri Besar Kelantan # iii : ECERDC Chairman | Pengarah ECERDC # CHAPTER 1 : Mosque Background | Latar Belakang Masjid # 1.1 : Introduction | Pengenalan # 1.2 : Origin | Asal-usul 1.3 : Property | Hak Milik # # CHAPTER 2 : History | Sejarah 2.1 : Map | Peta # 2.2 : Background | Latarbelakang # # CHAPTER 3 : Introduction Kampung Laut Mosque | Pengenalan Masjid Kampung Laut # 3.1 : Nilam Puri Site Location | Lokasi Tapak di Nilam Puri 3.2 : Theories Behind Its Historical Background | Teori Di Sebalik Latar Belakang Sejarah # 3.3 : The Vernacular Architecture | Arkitek Vernakular # 3.4 : The Restoration Efforts | Kesan Pemuliharaan # CHAPTER 4 : Relocation | Penempatan Semula # 4.1 : Dismantling | Merombak # 4.2 : Floor Plan | Pelan Lantai # 4.3 : Reconstruction on Site | Pembinaan Semula di Tapak # 4.3.1 : Installation ‘Batu Asas’ | Memasang Batu Asas # 4.3.2 : Installation ‘Tiang Seri’ | Memasang Tiang Seri 4.3.3 : Installation ‘Janda Berhias’ Wall | Memasang Dinding ‘Janda Berhias’ # 4.3.4 : Floor Installation | Memasang Lantai 4.3.5 : Wall Installation | Memasang Dinding # CHAPTER 5 : Related Articles | Artikel Berkaitan CHAPTER 6 : Appendices | Lampiran

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT | PENGHARGAAN Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. mollit anim id est laborum. Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam, eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta totam rem aperiam, eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit, sed quia non numquam eius modi tem- dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit, sed quia non numquam eius modi tem- pora incidunt ut labore et dolore magnam aliquam quaerat voluptatem. Ut enim ad minima veniam, quis pora incidunt ut labore et dolore magnam aliquam quaerat voluptatem. Ut enim ad minima veniam, quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis suscipit laboriosam, nisi ut aliquid ex ea commodi consequatur? nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis suscipit laboriosam, nisi ut aliquid ex ea commodi consequatur? Quis autem vel eum iure reprehenderit qui in ea voluptate velit esse quam nihil molestiae consequatur, Quis autem vel eum iure reprehenderit qui in ea voluptate velit esse quam nihil molestiae consequatur, vel illum qui dolorem eum fugiat quo voluptas nulla pariatur? vel illum qui dolorem eum fugiat quo voluptas nulla pariatur? At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum del- At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum del- eniti atque corrupti quos dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non provident, si- eniti atque corrupti quos dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non provident, si- milique sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollitia animi, id est laborum et dolorum fuga. Et harum quidem milique sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollitia animi, id est laborum et dolorum fuga. Et harum quidem rerum facilis est et expedita distinctio. Nam libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio cumque rerum facilis est et expedita distinctio. Nam libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio cumque nihil impedit quo minus id quod maxime placeat facere possimus, omnis voluptas assumenda est, omnis nihil impedit quo minus id quod maxime placeat facere possimus, omnis voluptas assumenda est, omnis dolor repellendus. Temporibus autem quibusdam et aut officiis debitis aut rerum necessitatibus saepe dolor repellendus. Temporibus autem quibusdam et aut officiis debitis aut rerum necessitatibus saepe eveniet ut et voluptates repudiandae sint et molestiae non recusandae. Itaque earum rerum hic tenetur eveniet ut et voluptates repudiandae sint et molestiae non recusandae. Itaque earum rerum hic tenetur a sapiente delectus, ut aut reiciendis voluptatibus maiores alias consequatur aut perferendis doloribus a sapiente delectus, ut aut reiciendis voluptatibus maiores alias consequatur aut perferendis doloribus asperiores repellat asperiores repellat 6

PREFACE | KATA PENGANTAR H I S M A J E S T Y S U LTA N M U H A M M A D V, S U LTA N O F K E L A N TA N | K E B AWA H D U L I YA N G M A H A M U L I A S U LTA N M U H A M M A D V, S U LTA N K E L A N TA N His Majesty Sultan Muhammad V Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do ei- usmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehen- derit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam, eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit, sed quia non numquam eius modi tem- pora incidunt ut labore et dolore magnam aliquam quaerat voluptatem. Ut enim ad minima veniam, quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis suscipit laboriosam, nisi ut aliquid ex ea commodi consequatur? Quis autem vel eum iure reprehenderit qui in ea voluptate velit esse quam nihil molestiae consequatur, vel illum qui dolorem eum fugiat quo voluptas nulla pariatur? At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum del- eniti atque corrupti quos dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non provident, si- milique sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollitia animi, id est laborum et dolorum fuga. Et harum quidem rerum facilis est et expedita distinctio. Nam libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio cumque nihil impedit quo minus id quod maxime placeat facere possimus, omnis voluptas assumenda est, omnis dolor repellendus. Temporibus autem quibusdam et aut officiis debitis aut rerum necessitatibus saepe eveniet ut et voluptates repudiandae sint et molestiae non recusandae. Itaque earum rerum hic tenetur a sapiente delectus, ut aut reiciendis voluptatibus maiores alias consequatur aut perferendis doloribus asperiores repellat 7

PREFACE | KATA PENGANTAR MENTERI BESAR OF KELANTAN | MENTERI BESAR KELANTAN The Most Honorable Dato ‘Haji Ahmad bin Yakob, Menteri Besar of Kelantan. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo con- sequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam, eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit, sed quia non numquam eius modi tem- pora incidunt ut labore et dolore magnam aliquam quaerat voluptatem. Ut enim ad minima veniam, quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis suscipit laboriosam, nisi ut aliquid ex ea commodi consequatur? Quis autem vel eum iure reprehenderit qui in ea voluptate velit esse quam nihil molestiae consequatur, vel illum qui dolorem eum fugiat quo voluptas nulla pariatur? At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum del- eniti atque corrupti quos dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non provident, si- milique sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollitia animi, id est laborum et dolorum fuga. Et harum quidem rerum facilis est et expedita distinctio. Nam libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio cumque nihil impedit quo minus id quod maxime placeat facere possimus, omnis voluptas assumenda est, omnis dolor repellendus. Temporibus autem quibusdam et aut officiis debitis aut rerum necessitatibus saepe eveniet ut et voluptates repudiandae sint et molestiae non recusandae. Itaque earum rerum hic tenetur a sapiente delectus, ut aut reiciendis voluptatibus maiores alias consequatur aut perferendis doloribus asperiores repellat 8

PREFACE | KATA PENGANTAR ECERDC CHAIRMAN | PENGARAH ECERDC ECERDC Chairman Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam, eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit, sed quia non numquam eius modi tem- pora incidunt ut labore et dolore magnam aliquam quaerat voluptatem. Ut enim ad minima veniam, quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis suscipit laboriosam, nisi ut aliquid ex ea commodi consequatur? Quis autem vel eum iure reprehenderit qui in ea voluptate velit esse quam nihil molestiae consequatur, vel illum qui dolorem eum fugiat quo voluptas nulla pariatur? At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum del- eniti atque corrupti quos dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non provident, si- milique sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollitia animi, id est laborum et dolorum fuga. Et harum quidem rerum facilis est et expedita distinctio. Nam libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio cumque nihil impedit quo minus id quod maxime placeat facere possimus, omnis voluptas assumenda est, omnis dolor repellendus. Temporibus autem quibusdam et aut officiis debitis aut rerum necessitatibus saepe eveniet ut et voluptates repudiandae sint et molestiae non recusandae. Itaque earum rerum hic tenetur a sapiente delectus, ut aut reiciendis voluptatibus maiores alias consequatur aut perferendis doloribus asperiores repellat 9

DEVELOPMENT The Kampung Laut Mosque, when it was first built, was only a small shed with ‘attap roofing’. miles downstream from Kota Bharu, at least half a mile from the river bank. At the time of With the rapid development of Kampung Laut as a business centre in the 18th, 19th and its construction it was probably near the sea coast. The Kelantan coastline and the Kelantan early 20th centuries, the mosque too came under expansion from the time to time. During River gradually change their position and while the sea reseded the river crep closer until the reign of Sultan Muhamad II, beginning 1859 until the era of Sultan Muhamad IV, the the great flood of December 1966 rose to the old mosque. When the water subsided, the mosque became the stopping centre for Islamic Scholars from the region. The mosque river bank had been torn away. The verendah had fallen into the river, the floor and the roof underwent futher expansion and renovations with three tiered roofing structure, verendahs, were slunting dangerously. The mosque was closed and The State Government built a new corridors and minarets. The pillars were added from 4 to 20. The famous ‘cengal’ wood (hard modern place of worship further inland. wood) was widely used in the constructions. The mosque was originally built about two PERKEMBANGAN Pada peringkat awal masjid ini didirikan secara paling asas iaitu empat batang tiang beratap- daripada 4 telah ditambah menjadi 20 batang kayu cengal yang besar dan lantainya juga kan daun nipah. Ianya terus berkembang selari dengan perkembangan bandar Kampung laut daripada kayu cengal yang tebal dan besar. Semenjak dari tarikh pembinaanya sehingga ta- yang terkenal dengan bandar perniagaan yang pesat maju pada akhir abad ke 18, 19 dan awal hun 1966, masjid ini telah digunakan sebagai tempat beribadat yang utama oleh penduduk abad ke 20. Kemuncak kemasyhurannya berlaku di zaman pemerintahan Sultan Muhamad II di sekitar Kampung Laut, tetapi akibat dari banjir besar yang melanda Negeri Kelantan pada tahun masihi 1859 hinggalah ke zaman Sultan Muhamad IV. Masjid ini telah menjadi tempat penghujung tahun 1966 maka masjid ini telah mengalami kerosakan yang teruk. Kerajaan persinggahan alim ulama di Nusantara. Ianya telah diperbesarkan dengan mengadakan bum- Negeri Kelantan telah menutup masjid tersebut dan membina sebuah masjid yang baru di bung bertingkat tiga, serambi, menara, balai-balai, kolah loteng dan lain-lain lagi. Tiangnya tempat yang lebih selamat. ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN OF THE KAMPUNG LAUT MOSQUE The architectural design of the Kampung Laut Mosque was indeed unique. No steel nails the designs were aimed at retaining the Islamic Concept of the religion. were used. Instead wooden or bamboo pegs replaced them. When the mosque was re-con- structed, the same was done, as far as possible. The famous Islamic design of the Kampung Laut mosque especially its unique roofing structure and other related characteristics had always been a source of pride to the people As had been mentioned earlier, The Kampung Laut Mosque had mant features in common of Kelantan. A number of state buildings, including the State Secretariat, the Menteri Besar’s with mosque found in Java (Demak Mosque) and Champa (Kono Mosque). In almost aspect, Office, State Religious Department and few others had retained similar roofing design. SENIBINA MASJID KAMPUNG LAUT Masjid Kampung Laut mempunyai rekabentuk yang unik dan pembinaan asalnya tidak Kemashyuran rekabentuk Masjid Kampung Laut yang unik telah menjadi suatu lambang ke- menggunakan sebarang paku tetapi digunakan potongan kayu dan buluh sebagai pe- megahan rakyat Negeri Kelantan. Penampilan bentuk bumbung bersegi tiga (bertenggek) masak. Bila berpindah ke Nilam Puri, konsep ini terus digunakan kecuali pada bahagian menirus ke atas, buah gutung dan menora adalah gambaran keunggulan Masjid Kampun- yang tidak dapat dielakkan maka penggunaan paku terpaksa dilakukan. gLaut yang sekali gus menyemarakkan lagi keagunan Islam di Kelantan. banyak bangu- nan Kerajaan menerapkan identiti masjid ini iaitu bumbung bertenggek tiga lapis dan buah Pada asalnya, masjid ini mempunyai bentuk yang sama dengan Masjid Demak di Jawa dan gutung seperti bangunan Pejabat Setiausaha Kelantan, Pejabat Menteri Besar dalam Kota Masjid Kono di Champa. Pembinaan masjid ini menggabungkan banyak unsur-unsur seni Darulnaim, Bangunan Majlis Ugama Islam Kelantan dan Jabatan Hal Ehwal Agama Islam dan falsafah keagamaan pada bangunan. Rumah ibu bertingkat tiga dikaitkan dengan fal- Kelantan. safah ketuhanan. lapisan bawah diibarat penuh kekotoran, makin ke atas semakin bersih akhirnya menuju ke alam luas yang tidak terbatas, terlepas daripada segala bentuk dan ianya kembali kepada Allah S.W.T. 10

THE RESTORATION WORK TO MASJID KAMPUNG LAUT The state government in its effort to make good the damage caused by the big flood to the en, the old mosque had been restored to its own original state. From 1999 onwards, the old mosque had launched a fund-collecting drive. Consequently, in February 1988, the work State Museum Corporation with the support and cooperation of the Museum and Antiquity on the ‘re-constructions’ began. This included the construction of corridors, verandahs halls, Department, Kuala Lumpur had carried out various renovations. The maintenance of the separate toilets for men and women and other amenities. Cengal or the hard and strong mosque and its premises was also undertaken by the same department. species of wood was used in most of the ‘repairs’. Upon completion of the work undertak- BAIKPULIH MASJID LAMA KAMPUNG LAUT Bagi melengkapkan komponen Masjid Kampung Laut yang telah rosak hanyut banjir, Ker- menjadi sama yang terdapat di Kampung Laut di zaman kegemilangannya dahulu. Ber- ajaan Negeri telah mengadakan kutipan derma dan sumbangan. Hasilnya, pada bulan mula dari tahun 1999 hingga kini, Perbadanan Muzium Negeri Kelantan dengan kerjasama Fenruari 1988 kerja-kerja baikpulih seperti mengadakan menara, serambi besar, serambi dan bantuan kewangan daripada Jabatan Muzium dan Antikuiti Malaysia telah mengadakan kecil, balai lintang wakaf orang kaya, tandas lelaki dan perempuan, kolah, tangga, elektrik, kerja-kerja pembaikian, penyelenggaraan dan pengindahan Masjid Kampung Laut dan ka- bekalan air yang telah dilakukan. Kayu yang digunakan adalah kayu cengal dan mana-mana wasan perkarangannya. jendela yang rosak serta bata-bata (atap) diganti baru. Keadaan Masjid Lama Kampung Laut RECONSTRUCTION OF THE KAMPUNG LAUT MOSQUE AT NILAM PURI The damage cause by the floor and soil erosion to the old mosque came a deep concern to The mosque was reconstructed following exactlly the old form and using as for as possible the Muslim Community especially the local historians. all the old materials. The total cost of demolition and construction of the mosque was fully sponsored by The Malaysian Historical Society. The Malaysian Historical Society asked and was given permission by state government to rescue the historic building and to remove it to the present site, Nilam Puri. The reconstructed mosque was officailay handed back to The most Honourable Dato’ Haji Mohd Asri bin Haji Muda, Menteri Besar of Kelantan on behalf of the state government on The mosque was dismatled in November 1967 by a group of Kelantan malay carpenters un- 23th Rabiatul Awal 1390 corresponding with 8th May 1970 by Tun Haji Hamdan bin Sheikh der the direction of En. Hussing bin Salleh of kampung Bunut Payong under the supervision Tahir on behalf of the Malaysian Historical Society. of Tuan Haji Zain bin Haji Awang Kechik. PERPINDAHAN KE NILAM PURI Kerosakan Masjid Kampung Laut telah menimbulkan berbagai reaksi dikalangan umat Is- Masjid Lama ini telah dibina semula mengikut bentuk yang asal dan menggunakan semua lam di negara ini khusunya ahli-ahli sejarah. hasilnya satu cadangan di kemukakan oleh bahan yang lama seberapa yang boleh. Walau bagaimana pun hanya bahagian ibu masjid Persatuan Sejarah Malaysia kepada Kerajaan Negeri Kelantan untuk menyelamatkan masjid sahaja yang dapat didirikan semula. Ini disebabkan pada masa itu, tiada satu gambaran lama ini. yang tepat mengenai bentuk bangunan-bangunan sampingan yang lain dan kekurangan kepakaran serta kewangan untuk mendirikan seluruh kompleks masjid ini sebagaimana Kerajaan Negeri Kelantan telah bersetuju dengan cadangan memindahkan bangunan Mas- bentuknya yang asal. jid Lama Kampung Laut ke sekeping tanah kepunyaan Yayasan Islam Kelantan di Nilam Puri. Persatuan Sejarah Malaysia telah menanggung semua perbelanjaan merombak dan Persatuan Sejarah Malaysia yang diketuai oleh Tun Haji Hamdan bin Sheikh tahir telah mendirikan semula bangunanibu masjid lama ini. Pada 23hb. Rabiatul Awal 1390 bersamaan mengambil tanggungjawab memindahkan Masjid Lama Kampung Laut ke Nilam Puri. Pada dengan 8hb Mei 1970, Tun Haji Hamdan bin Sheikh Tahir bagi pihak Persatuan Sejarah Ma- bulan November 1967, banguna masjid lama Kampung Laut telah dirombak oleh sekum- laysia telah menyerahkan kembali masjid lama Kampung Laut dan dengan rasminya ke- pulan tukang rumah Kelantan yang diketuai En. Hussein bin Salleh dari Kampung Bunut pada YAB. Dato’ Haji Mohd Asri bin Haji Muda, Menteri Besar Kelantan bagi pihak Kerajaan Payong dan dibawah penyeliaan Tuan Haji Zain bin Haji Awang Kechik. Negeri Kelantan. 11

The view of the Kampung Laut mosque from the south in 1960. At Pandangan masjid Kampung Laut dari arah selatan dalam tahun that time this mosque was in its heyday where the buildings were 1960. Pada ketika itu masjid ini berada di zaman kegemilangannya still strong and used. dimana binaan-binaannya masih kukuh dan digunakan. The main hall is located on the right, the main part of the mosque Balai besar lintang terletak dibahagian kanan, bahagian besar mas- and the tower are on the left. The roofed structures found in the jid dan menara terletak di bahagian kirinya. Binaan-binaan ber- front of the mosque are oeneduh construction for the graves found bumbung yang terdapat dibahagian depan masjid adalah binaan in the mosque area. oeneduh bagi kuburan yang terdapat di dalam kawasan masjid. Photo courtesy of Che’ Gu Yusuf from Kampung Laut Gambar pemberian dari Che’ Gu Yusuf dari Kampung Laut 12

CHAPTER 1 | BAB 1 MOSQUE BACKGROUND | LATARBELAKANG MASJID 1.1 : INTRODUCTION | 1.1 : PENGENALAN K ampung Laut Mosque is a mosque that is considered the oldest in Malaysia. This mosque was Masjid Kampung Laut ialah sebuah masjid yang dianggap tertua sekali di Malaysia. Masjid ini originally located in Kampong Laut, Tumpat colony, Kelantan state which is about two miles asalnya terletak di Kampong Laut, jajahan Tumpat, negeri Kelantan iaitu kira-kira dua batu downstream from the city of Kota Bharu. At the time of its construction, this mosque is believed to be ke hilir dari bandar Kota Bharu. Dalam masa pembinaannya, masjid ini dipercayai terletak se- located at least three quarters of a mile from the banks of the Kelantan river and close to the sea shore. kurang-kurangnya tiga suku batu dari tebing sungai Kelantan dan berhampiran dengan pantai laut. Pada At the time this study was conducted in April, 1976, Kampong Laut Mosque was already in Nilam Puri, masa kajian ini dijalankan pada bulan April, 1976, Masjid Kampong Laut sudah berada di Nilam Puri, Kota Kota Bharu, Kelantan. Bharu, Kelantan. Before 1780 AD, Kampong Laut was one of the vil- the area of t​​he Kelantan Islamic Higher Education Sebelum tahun masehi 1780, Kampong Laut mer- oleh kerajaan negeri Kelantan dikawasan Yayasan lages with a large population. While Long Yunus, Foundation, Nilam Puri. With this, the Kampung upakan salah sebuah kampong yang ramai pen- Pengajian Tinggi Islam Kelantan, Nilam Puri. Den- the founder of the lineage of the kings of Kelantan, Laut Mosque survived on this new site. Although duduknya. Semasa Long Yunus lagi, pengasas gan ini terselamatlah Masjid Kampung Laut diatas he had held the title of King of Kampong Laut and there are small changes in the parts of the mosque keturunan raja-raja Kelantan, beliau sudah men- tapak yang baru ini. Walaupun terdapat peruba- bestowed on one of the 11 possibilities 300 years but the shape is still preserved. gadakan gelaran Raja Kampong Laut dan men- han-perubahan kecil dibahagian –bahagian masjid ago there was a village and a mosque there. gurniakan kepada salah seorang daripada 11 ke- namun bentuknya masih terpelihara. The building materials of this mosque such as cen- mungkinan 300 tahun dulu telah terdapat sebuah From the hills of the history of the Malay archi- gal wood for the pillars of the mosque are believed kampong dan sebuah masjid disitu. Bahan binaan masjid ini seperti kayu cengal untuk pelago has accepted Islam in the 10th century An to have been brought by the group of scholars tiang seri masjid dipercayai dibawa oleh kumpulan East Coast area of S​​ outh Vietnam called Campa from Campa. Some also stated that the cengal Dari bukit-bukit sejarah kepulauan Melayu telah ulama itu dari Campa. Ada juga yang menyatakan Phangang have used kufi writing in 1039. There is wood was taken to be found in Banggol Cengal in menerima Islam di abad 10. Sebuah daerah Pantai kayu cengal itu diambil didapati di Banggol Cengal archaeological evidence of female Muslim grave- Kampung Laut. Timur Vietnam Selatan bernama Campa Phangang di Kampung Laut. stones in Leren, Surabaya, East Java is written the telah menggunakan tulisan kufi pada tahun 1039. date 1082 belongs to “Fatimah daughter of Mai- Since the mosque already existed before the ar- Dari bukti arkeologi terdapat batu nisan perem- Oleh kerana masjid itu telah sedia ada sebelum tib- mun son of God”. And according to experts writing rival of the current generation of Kampung Laut, puan Islam di Leren, Surabaya, Jawa Timur yang anya jenerasi Kampung Laut sekarang ini, tidaklah the history of Islam to the archipelago siting way they could not describe the original shape of the bertulis tarikh 1082 kepunyaan “Fatimah anak Mai- dapat mereka menggambarkan bentuk asal mas- is through the east coast of Malaya and down the mosque. Only from the oral stories of the previous mun anak Hibat Allah”. Dan mengikut tulisan ahli jid itu. Hanya dari cerita-cerita lisan orang-orang beach also continues to Java. So this proves that people there is a statement that the original form sejarah jalan pertapakan Islam ke Nusantara ialah terdahulu terdapat kenyataan bahawa bentuk asal Islam arrived in Kelantan between AD 1039 and of this mosque is as simple as the form of makaf melalui Pantai Timur Tanah Melayu dan menyusuri masjid ini ringkas seperti bentuk makaf iaitu cuma 1082 especially in Kampung Laut. which is only covered and the floor without walls. pula pantai terus ke Pulau Jawa. Jadi ini membuk- berbumbung dan lantai sahaja tanpa dinding. Ben- This form does not change, the only material used tikan bahawa Islam sampai di Kelantan diantara tuk ini tidak berubah, yang ditukar cuma bahan In AD 1967 the Kampong Laut Mosque was moved is the building material used as the original materi- tahun Masehi 1039 dengan 1082 khasnya di Kam- binaan yang digunakan seperti bahan asal lantai from its original site in Kampong Laut to Nilam Puri, al of the mosque floor is made of nibung wood and pung Laut. masjid adalah dari kayu nibung kemudian ditukar Kota Bharu. This is due to the floods that often hit then changed to cengal wood. pada kayu cengal. its original site in Kampung Laut causing the Ma- Pada tahun Masehi 1967 Masjid Kampong Laut laysian Historical Society to feel that the mosque The mosque was used by Raja Iman for worship telah dipindahkan dari tapak asalnya di Kampong Masjid itu digunakan oleh Raja Iman untuk beriba- is no longer safe there. The great flood that oc- and asceticism as well as fulfilling his vows. Laut ke Nilam Puri, Kota Bharu. Ini disebabkan ban- dat dan bertapa disamping menyempurnakan curred in December 1966, damaged and made the jir yang sering melanda tapak asalnya di Kampung nazarnya. mosque in dangerous condition for reuse. At the After Raja Iman ruled Kampung Laut for some Laut menyebabkan pihak Persatuan Sejarah Ma- request of the Malaysian Historical Society refur- time, he died and was buried in Kampung Tanjong laysia merasa masjid itu tidak selamat lagi disitu. Setelah Raja Iman memerintah Kampung Laut bishment work was carried out in November 1967 Chat in Kota Bharu district. Since he could not trace Banjir besar yang berlaku dalam bulan Disember beberapa lama, ia pun meninggal dunia dan dike- by a group of artisans Melayu Kelantan under the the date and other signs on his tombstone, it can 1966, telah merosakkan dan menjadikan masjid bumikan di Kampung Tanjong Chat dalam daerah direction of Ms. Husin Bin Salleh of Kampong Bun- not be confirmed that Nik Man Bin Nik Mat’s claim dalam keadaan merbahaya untuk digunakan lagi. Kota Bharu. Oleh kerana tidak dapat mengesan ut Payung and supervised by Tuan Haji Zain bin is true. However, his simple opinion can provide Atas permintaan Persatuan Sejarah Malaysia ker- tarikh dan tanda-tanda lain pada batu nisannya Haji Awang Kecik. This mosque was rebuilt in an help to historians. ja-kerja perombakan telah dijalankan dalam bulan maka tiadalah dapat disahkan adalah benar dak- area donated by the Kelantan state government in November 1967 oleh sekumpulan tukang-tukang waan Nik Man Bin Nik Mat itu. Namun begitu pen- Melayu Kelantan dibawah arahan Cik Husin Bin dapatnya yang ringkas boleh memberikan perto- Salleh dari kampong Bunut Payung dan diawasi longan terhadap pengkaji sejarah. oleh Tuan Haji Zain Bin Haji Awang Kecik. Masjid ini dibina semula dikawasan yang disumbangkan 13

1.2 : ORIGIN | 1.2 : ASAL-USUL It is difficult to give an accurate statement about the tionship with Raja Iman, the person who built this Adalah sukar untuk memberi kenyataan yang Tempat : Rumah kediamannya di Kampung Sun- origin of the Kampung Laut Mosque both in terms mosque. Below is a summary of the history of the tepat mengenai asal usul Masjid Kampung Laut ini gai Keladi, Kota Bharu, Kelantan. of: people who built this mosque. baik dari segi : • its construction and the architecture of this • pembinaannya dan akitek masjid ini Nik Man Bin Nik Mat mendakwa mempunyai About a thousand (1,000) years ago there was a • tarikh masjid ini dibina hubungan kekeluargaan dengan Raja Iman, orang mosque Hindu kingdom of Sri Vijaya on the island of Java. • bahan binaan yang digunakan yang membina masjid ini. Dibawah adalah ring- • the date this mosque was built The descendants of Sri Vijaya, about 400 years • konsep atau falsafah yang terdapat pada kasan sejarah orang yang membina masjid ini. • building materials used ago, have begun to embrace Islam, including Syed • concepts or philosophies found in the form Mahmud, a Raja Muda Lakasamana and his broth- bentuk dan binaan masjid ini Lebih kurang seribu (1,000) tahun dahulu terdap- er Syed Abdul Rahman a Commander. The king at sebuah kerajaan hindu Sri Vijaya di Pulau Jawa. and construction of this mosque who ruled at that time was their cousin Syed Lawi. Ini disebabkan tiada dokumen dan kenyataan Keturunan Sri Vijaya ini iaitu lebih kurang 400 ta- Due to the slander and jealousy from the Minister, bertulis untuk dijadikan bukti mengenai asal-usul hun dahulu, sudah mula memeluk agama Islam This is because there are no documents and writ- Syed Mahmud and his brother Syed Abdul Rahman masjid ini. Ada 4 pendapat yang berbeza menge- termasuklah Syed Mahmud, seorang Raja Muda ten statements to be used as evidence about the moved to Bali Island. There, the minister also slan- nai asal-usul masjid ini. Pendapat-pendapat itu Lakasamana dan adiknya Syed Abdul Rahman origin of this mosque. There are 4 different opinions dered saying that Syed Mahmud was preparing to diambil dari : seorang Panglima. Raja yang memerintah pada about the origin of this mosque. The opinions are attack the Sri Vijaya government. To avoid further masa itu adalah sepupu mereka iaitu Syed Lawi. taken from: strife, Syed Mahmud and his brother and his follow- • cerita lisan penduduk Kampung Laut Oleh kerana fitnah dan hasad demgki dari Ment- ers sailed from Bali Island across the ocean without • wawancara dengan Nik Man Bin Nik Mat yang eri, Syed Mahmud dan adiknya Syed Abdul Rah- • oral stories of the residents of Kampung Laut a purpose. man berpindah ke Pulau Bali. Di sana juga men- • interview with Nik Man Bin Nik Mat who now sekarang tinggal di Kampung Sungai Kela- teri memfitnahkan mengatakan Syed Mahmud For too long at sea, a ‘temelut’ fish has pierced di, Kota Bharu, Kelantan. Beliau mendakwa sedang bersiap sedia hendak menyerang kera- lives in Kampung Sungai Keladi, Kota Bharu, their ship. Syed Mahmud and Syed Abdul Rahman mempunyai hubungan kekeluargaan dengan jaan Sri Vijaya. Untuk mengelakkan pertelingka- Kelantan. He claimed to have a family relation- prayed and vowed to build a mosque if they landed Raja Iman, orang yang membina Masjid Kam- han lebih lanjut, Syed Mahmud dan adikya serta ship with Raja Iman, the person who built the safely. Finally, they reached Kampung Laut. pung Laut itu. pengikut-pengikutnya belayar dari Pulau Bali Kampung Laut Mosque. • rencana ‘Masjid tua Kampung Laut perlu merentasi lautan tanpa tujuan. • article ‘Old Mosque of Kampung Laut needs On land, Syed Abdul Rahman changed his name to dipelihara’ oleh Doktor Randhos Abd. Rah- to be preserved’ by Doctor Randhos Abd. Rah- Raja Haji. He then traveled to the ‘Selindung Bayu’ man Al-Ahmadi di Mingguan Kota Bharu bu- Oleh kerana terlalu lama dilaut, sejenis ikan man Al-Ahmadi in Kota Bharu Weekly in July country in southern Siam and became King. As lan Julai 1968. ‘temelut’ telah menebuk kapal mereka. Syed 1968. proof, in Telubung Region, South Siam there is a hill • wawancara dengan Ustaz Abdullah Bin Mu- Mahmud dan Syed Abdul Rahman berdoa dan • interview with Ustaz Abdullah Bin Muham- called Bukit Tok Raja Haji. His brother Syed Mahmud hammad ( Ahmad Nakhola) seorang pengkaji bernazar akan mendirikan masjid sekiranya mere- mad (Ahmad Nakhola) a Kelantan state histo- also changed his name to Raja Iman. He and his fol- sejarah negeri Kelantan yang kini tinggal di ka selamat mendarat. Akhirnya, mereka sampai di ry researcher who currently lives in Kampong lowers built the Kampung Laut mosque in the form Kampong Masjid Langgar, Jalan Pasir Puteh, Kampung Laut. Masjid Langgar, Jalan Pasir Puteh, Kota Bharu, of waqf. The floor is made of nibung wood only. The Kota Bharu, Kelantan. Kelantan. four pillars are made of cengal wood taken from • Ditanah daratan, Syed Abdul Rahman telah menu- Banggol Cengal and the roof is made of thatched 1. Cerita lisan penduduk Kampung Laut. kar namanya ke Raja Haji. Ia kemudian merantau 1. Oral story of the residents of Kampung Laut. roof. The floor level is as high as the elephant and ke negero ‘Selindung Bayu’ di selatan Siam dan herdsman; that is, about ten feet. It is believed that Kebanyakkan dari penduduk Kampung Laut ber- menjadi Raja. Sebagai bukti, di Wilayah Telubu- Most of the residents of Kampung Laut think that the King of Faith visited the mosque on an elephant. pendapat bahawa Masjid Kampung Laut dibina ng, Selatan Siam terdapat sebuah bukit bernama the Kampung Laut Mosque was built by a group of oleh sekumpulan ulama Islam dari Champa yang Bukit Tok Raja Haji. Abangnya Syed Mahmud juga Muslim scholars from Champa who sailed to Java. 3. The plan ‘Old Mosque of Kampung Laut should belayar ke Pulau Jawa. Dalam pelayaran itu mere- menukar nama kepada Raja Iman. Ia serta pengi- During the voyage they were hit by a storm and be maintained by Dr. Randhos Abdul Rahman ka telah dipukul ribut dan kapal mereka bocor. kut-pengikutnya mendirikan masjid Kampung their ship leaked. They vowed to build a mosque on Al-Ahmadi, in Kota Bharu Weekly, in July 1968. Mereka bernazar akan mendirikan sebuah masjid Laut dengan secara ringkas sahaja berbentuk land that they first reached if they survived the sea ditanah daratan yang mula-mula mereka sampai wakaf. Lantainya diperbuat dari kayu nibung saha- disaster. By the will of God the leaky ship was cov- jika terselamat dari bencana laut itu. Dengan ke- ja. Keempat-empat tiang serinya adalah dari kayu ered by ‘bean fish’. hendak Allah bocor dikapal telah ditutup oleh ‘ikan cengal yang diambil dari Banggol Cengal dan at- kacang’. apnya dari atap rumbia. Tinggi paras lantai adalah With this, they landed safely at the mouth of the Dr. Randhos writes the following facts based on setinggi paras gajah dan gembalanya; iaitu lebih Kelantan river and built a Kampung Laut Mosque. historical evidence. He said the Kampung Chat Dengan ini mereka selamat mendarat dimuara kurang sepuluh kaki. Dipercayai bahawa Raja Iman Mosque is older than the Kampung Demak Mosque sungai Kelantan dan mendirikan sebuah Masjid menziarahi masjid dengan menaiki gajah. 2. Interview with Nik Man Bin Nik Mat in East Java, which was established in 1468. So it is Kampung Laut. Date: 15th April, 1976 certain that the Kampung Laut Mosque is over 500 Place: His residential house in Kampung Sungai years old. Based on the oral stories he found, the 2. Wawancara dengan Nik Man Bin Nik Mat 3. Rencana ‘Masjid tua Kampung Laut perlu Keladi, Kota Bharu, Kelantan Kampung Laut Mosque was erected by a group Tarikh : 15hb April, 1976 dipelihara oleh Doktor Randhos Abdul Rahman of Muslim scholars from Champa. In the voyage Nik Man Bin Nik Mat claimed to have a family rela- to Java Island to spread Islam they stopped at 14

1.2 : ORIGIN | 1.2 : ASAL-USUL Kampung Laut and set up a mosque there. Where researcher. Below is his own opinion. He said the Al- Ahmadi, di Mingguan Kota Bharu, bulan Julai Pada setiap masjid dizaman madya Islam dap- the ‘plan’ and the timber is ready (pre-fabricated) Kampung Laut mosque was built by Sunan Giri and 1968. at dinyatakan semuanya sama iaitu lanjutan dari brought from the state of Champa. These scholars Sunan Borang. Both of them are from Java (accord- Senibina makam yang tersusun dan dilanjutkan have 3 copies (prototype) of the construction of this ing to the book ‘Sejarah Masjid’ by H. Aboebakar, Dr. Randhos menuliskan fakta-fakta berikut ber- kesenian di Zaman hindu…” similar mosque where the other two were built in Djakarta. Sunan Giri and Sunan Borang are two of sasarkan bukti-bukti sejarah. Beliau mengata- Java. One of them is Demak Mosque, East Java. the 9 saints of Songo). They are both in Kelantan kan Masjid Kampung Chat lebih tua usianya dari Dari segi bahan binaan yang digunakan, “…setahu because they seek the knowledge of Allah from Masjid Kampung Demak di Jawa Timur, yang saya di Jawa kayu Cengal atau kayu besi. Jadi jik- To strengthen the fact that Kampung Laut is old- Sheikh Mohd Saman. The science learned is to be a didirikan pada tahun 1468. Jadi sudah pasti usia alau Masjid Demak dan Masjid Tuban dibuat dari er than the Demak Mosque, he wrote “… it is com- guardian. Sheikh Mohd Saman as a teacher has in- Masjid Kampung Laut sudah melebihi 500 tahun. kayu Cengal maka sudah tentulah kayu cengal itu mon for people to say that Java accepted Islam structed his students Sunan Giri and Sunan Borang Bedasarkan cerita-cerita lisan yang beliau dapati, dari luar Pulau Jawa…” from ‘Melaka’ (Melaka in the sense of the Indone- to build a mosque in Kampung Laut. This Kampung Masjid Kampung Laut telah didirikan oleh sekum- sians in the past, not Melaka in the current polit- Laut Mosque is made at once with 4 main pillars pulan ahli pelayaran ulama Islam dari Champa. 4. Wawancara dengan Ustaz Abdullah Bin Mu- ical sense) because in terms of state dates Mel- and 12 side pillars around it (not like the previous Dalam pelayaran ke Pulau Jawa untuk menyebar- hammad (Ahmad Nakhola) aka emerged in the 15th century but Islam was opinion said that the construction of Kampung Laut kan agama Islam mereka telah singgah di Kam- Tarikh : 7hb Mei, 1976 brought before 1082 with 475 hijrah. He is also mosque is simple. (Please see picture 1). With 4 pung Laut dan mendirikan masjid disitu. Dimana Tempat : Rumah kediamannya di kampung Mas- from a note written on a stone inscription. Inscrip- main series pillars and 12 side pillars then the shape ‘plan’ dan kayu-kayunya sudah siap (pre-fabricat- jid Langgar, Jalan Pasir Puteh, Kota Bharu. tion east Malaya said the state received in advance The roof can only be stacked.He thinks the Kam- ed) dibawa dari negeri Champa. Para ulama ini of Islam Melaka (Malacca in the present political pung Laut mosque is not the oldest mosque in Ma- mempunyai 3 salinan (prototype) binaan masjid Ustaz Ahmad Nakhola ialah seorang pengkaji se- sense). So if there are words to learn Java guard- laysia but previously there was a mosque but it was serupa ini dimana yang dua lagi dibina di Jawa. jarah negeri Kelantan. Dibawah ini ialah pendapa- ian ‘Melaka’ the meaning of ‘Melaka’ within the destroyed.Because the Kampung Laut mosque is Salah satunya ialah Masjid Demak, Jawa Timur. tnya sendiri. Beliau mengatakan masjid Kampung meaning of the Javanese is the Malay Peninsula. still strong so it is considered the oldest. Laut dibina oleh Sunan Giri dan Sunan Borang. Untuk menguatkan fakta Kampung Laut lebih tua Meereka berdua ialah berasal dari Jawa (mengi- During the time of wali Sembilan in Java, one inter- The Kampung Laut Mosque is clearly old, although dari Masjid Demak, beliau menulis “ … sudah lazim kut buku ‘Sejarah Masjid’ karangan H. Aboebakar, esting thing is the emergence of the name of a new there is no fixed date of its construction, which is orang memperkatakan Jawa menerima Islam dari Djakarta. Sunan Giri dan Sunan Borang adalah place in Central Java given by Jawa Sunan Tem- about 300 years ago. It is also likely to be 500 years ‘Melaka’ (Melaka dalam ertikata orang-orang Indo- dua orang dari 9 orang wali Songo). Mereka ber- bayat (similar to kembayat in Champa is ‘Kelantan’ old or older. This is based on the plan of Dr. Randhos nesia pada zaman dahulu, bukanlah Melaka dalam dua berada di Kelantan kerana menuntut ilmu Al- (Kelantan plate lost ‘n’ to Kelantan). In Java, there is Abdul Rahman Al. Ahmadi who says the Kampung ertikata politik sekarang) kerana dari segi tarikh lah dari Sheikh Mohd Saman. Ilmu yang dipelajari a golek chicken dish that is special in Kelantan. Laut mosque is older than the Demak mosque in negeri Melaka timbul diabad 15 tetapi agama Islam adalah untuk menjadi seorang wali. Sheikh Mohd East Java which was built in 1468 AD. telah ada dibawa sebelum tahun 1082 bersamman Saman sebagai seorang guru telah mengarahkan In terms of construction… there is a similarity be- 475 hijrah. Beliau juga dari catitan bertulis pada anak-anak muridnya Sunan Giri dan Sunan Bo- tween the Kampung Laut mosque and the Demak In terms of the construction of the Kampung Laut batu bersurat . bersurat mengatakan negeri timur rang membina sebuah masjid di Kampung Laut. Mosque in Java, which is an odd three-tiered roof Mosque, the writer could not give an accurate con- Tanah Melayu menerima agama Islam lebih awal Masjid Kampung Laut ini dibuat sekaligus dengan with a four-square base dinah and four tie pillars. clusion because there are different opinions. From dari Melaka (Melaka dalam erti politik sekarang). mempunyai 4 tiang seri utamanya dan 12 tiang the oral stories of the residents of Kampung Laut Jadi jikalau terdapat perkataan wali Jawa belajar ke tepi sekelilingnya (bukan seperti pendapat yang In every mosque in the Islamic middle age it can and the plans of Dr. Randhos Pembina or architect ‘Melaka’ maka maksud ‘Melaka’ itu dalam penger- terdahulu mengatakan binaan masjid Kampung be stated that everything is the same, which is an of the Kampung Laut mosque is a group of Muslim tian orang Jawa ialah Semenanjung Tanah Melayu. Laut adalah ringkas. (Sila lihat gambar 1). Dengan extension of the Architecture of the tomb which is scholars who sailed from Champa to Java. Accord- adanya 4 tiang seri utama dan 12 tiang tepi maka arranged and continued art in the Hindu Age… “ ing to Nik Man Bin Nik Mat, the mosque was built by Dizaman wali Sembilan di Jawa satu hal yang me- bentuk bumbungnya barulah boleh berbentuk Raja Iman or Syed Mahmud who came from Java. narik ialah timbulnya nama tempat baru di Jawa bersusun-susun. Beliau berpendapat masjid Kam- In terms of building materials used, “… as far as I According to Ustaz Nakhola, the mosque was built Tengah yang diberikan Jawa Sunan Tembayat pung Laut bukanlah masjid yang tertua di Malay- know in Java Cengal wood or iron wood. So if the by Sunan Giri and Sunan Borang under the direc- (sama dengan kembayat di Champa ialah ‘Kelan- sia tetapi sebelumnya telah ada masjid tapi telah Demak Mosque and the Tuban Mosque are made tion of their teacher Sheikh Mohd Saman. However, tan’ (pelat Kelantan hilang ‘n’ menjadi kelantan). binasa. Oleh kerana masjid Kampung Laut masih of Cengal wood, then of course the cengal wood is the connection and influence on this mosque from Disini juga satu-satunya di Pulau Jawa terdap- kukuh maka ia dianggap yang tertua sekali. from outside Java… “ the island of Java is real, especially in its carvings. at masakan ayam golek seperti yang khusus di Kelantan ini. Bagaimanakah hubungan ini terja- Masjid Kampung Laut memang nyata telah tua 4. Interview with Ustaz Abdullah Bin Muhammad In conclusion, it is clear that the four pillars of the di….? usianya walaupun tiada tarikh tetap terbinanya (Ahmad Nakhola) mosque are built from different cengal wood is the iaitu lebih kurang 300 tahun dahulu. Ia juga berke- Date: 7th May, 1976 origin of the cengal wood. From the oral stories of Dari segi binaan ‘…ada persamaan masjid Kam- mungkinan berusia 500 tahun atau lebih dari itu. Place: His residential house in the village of Masjid the residents of Kampung Laut and the plans of Dr. pung Laut dengan Masjid Demak di Jawa iaitu Ini berdasarkan rencana Dr. Randhos Abdul Rah- Langgar, Jalan Pasir Puteh, Kota Bharu. Randhos cengal wood for the tie pole was brought atap bersusun ganjil tiga dengan dinah dasar em- man Al. Ahmadi yang mengatakan masjid Kam- by the Islamic scholar from Champa. According to pat persegi dan tiang seri berempat. pung Laut lebih tua dari masjid Demak di Jawa Ustaz Ahmad Nakhola is a Kelantan state history Nik Man Bin Nik Mat, the cengal wood comes from Timur yang dibina pada tahun masehi 1468. 15

1.2 : ORIGIN | 1.2 : ASAL-USUL Banggol Chengal in Kampong Laut district itself. mad Nakhola thinks that the mosque was built at Dari segi sipembina Masjid Kampung Laut, penulis Bin Nik Mat kayu cengal itu berasal dari Banggol Ustaz Ahamad Nakhola thinks that cengal wood for the same time with 4 series pillars and 12 series pil- tidak dapat memberi kesimpulan yang tepat ker- Chengal dalam daerah Kampong Laut sendiri. tie poles is taken from the area around Kampung lars around it. If only 4 pillars are made, then the ana terdapat pendapat-pendapat yang berlainan. Ustaz Ahamad Nakhola berpendapat kayu cengal Laut. roof of the mosque will not be stacked. If it does not Dari cerita lisan penduduk Kampung Laut dan unutk tiang seri diambil dari kawasan sekitar Kam- fit the ancient architecture of the archipelago which rencana Dr. Randhos Pembina atau akitek masjid pung Laut. About the form of mosque construction; a resident is like a multi-storey tomb. He also thinks that the Kampung Laut adalah sekumpulan ulama Islam of Kampung Laut, Dr. Randhos and Nik Man Bin Nik lattice of the tower and other parts of the Kampung yang belayar dari Champa ke Jawa. Mengikut pen- Mengenai bentuk binaan masjid; penduduk Kam- Mat agreed that the mosque was originally simple, Laut mosque are in addition to the existing building. dapat Nik Man Bin Nik Mat masjid itu dibina oleh pung Laut, Dr. Randhos dan Nik Man Bin Nik Mat with only floors and a roof without walls. Ustaz Ah- This was done by the ruling party of Kampung Laut. Raja Iman atau Syed Mahmud yang berasal dari sependapat masjid itu ringkas pada asalnya iaitu Jawa. Mengikut pendapat Ustaz Nakhola masjid cuma berlantai dan beratap tanpa dinding. Ustaz itu dibina oleh Sunan Giri dan Sunan Borang atas Ahmad Nakhola berpendapat masjid dibuat seka- arahan guru mereka Sheikh Mohd Saman. Wa- ligus dengan 4 tiang seri dan 12 tiang seri diseke- laubagaimanapun pertalian dan pengaruh keatas lilingnya. Jika dibuat cuma 4 tiang seri sahaja maka masjid ini dari pulau Jawa memang nyata teruta- bumbung masjid tidak dapatlah gaya bumbung ma pada ukiran-ukirannya. bersusun-susun. Jika tidaklah menepati Senibina purba nusantara yang seperti makam berting- Pada kesimpulannya telah nyata keempat-empat kat-tingkat. Beliau juga berpendapat balai lintang tiang seri masjid dibina dari kayu cengal yang ber- menara dan bahagian-bahagian lain masjid Kam- lainan ialah asal kayu cengal tersebut. Dari cerita pung Laut adalah tambahan pada bangunan yang lisan penduduk Kampung Laut dan rencana Dr. sediaada. Ini dilakukan oleh pihak yang memerin- Randhos kayu cengal untuk tiang seri dibawa oleh tah Kampung Laut. ulama Islam itu dari Champa. Mengikut Nik Man 16

CHAPTER 1.3 : PROPERTY | HAK MILIK Since this Kampung Laut mosque was built for the purpose of worship, it does not have a special one. This mosque was for public use at that time. However, this mosque is under the supervision of those who rule the Kampung Laut area according to the constitution of the time. Looking at the old facts of the Kampung Laut mosque, it basically belongs to the architect and the builder. After that, this mosque is under the care of the government of Kampung Laut as follows: year 1762 – 1794 : The Kampung Laut Mosque is maintained by the village head there. That is during the reign of Long Yunus in the state of Kelantan year 1794 – 1857 : This mosque is supervised by the children of Long Yunus who have been given the title of King of Kampung Laut. year 1857 – 1886 : This mosque is under the responsibility of the government of Sultan Mahammad II some additions have been made such as the construction of wooden floors and walls. year 1886 – 1889 : This mosque is under the responsibility of Sultan Ahmad I where the floor of the mosque is replaced with cengal wood. year 1889 – 1900 : The mosque is under the responsibility of Sultan Mansor. He ordered the use of tiled roofs, the construction of an ablution place but the influential person there was Nik Wan Muhammad. He was the one who ordered the Sultan’s order. year 1900 – 1920 : Sultan Muhammad IV or ‘Sultan Mulut Merah’ ruled the state of Kelantan, but he did not make any changes to the mosque. year 1920 – 1966 : Kampung Laut Mosque under the care of mosque committee members until December 1966 when a major flood damaged the mosque. Replacement and replacement of damaged building materials such as the exterior wall of the mosque is converted to zinc, done by the community of Kampung Laut residents. November 1968 – 8 Mei 1970 : This mosque is under the temporary supervision of the Malaysian History Association when it was renovated and rebuilt in Nilam Puri, Kota Bharu. 8 Mei until now 1976 : This mosque is entrusted to the Kelantan Islamic Higher Education Foundation. This is for the use of students. Oleh kerana masjid Kampung Laut ini dibina untuk tujuan beribadat maka ia tidak mempunyai yang khas. Masjid ini adalah unutk kegunaan umum pada masa itu. Namun begitu masjid ini adalah dibawah penga- wasan pihak yang memerintah kawasan Kampung Laut mengikut perlembagaan masa. Melihat fakta-fakta dahulu masjid Kampung Laut pada dasarnya adalah kepunyaan akitek dan si pembinanya. Selepas itu masjid ini dibawah jagaan pihak pemerintah Kampung Laut seperti berikut: tahun 1762 – 1794 : Masjid Kampung Laut dijagai oleh ketua Kampung disitu. Itu adalah dizaman pemerintah Long Yunus di negeri Kelantan. tahun 1794 – 1857 : Masjid ini diawasi oleh anak-anak Long Yunus yang telah diberi gelar Raja Kampung Laut. tahun 1857 – 1886 : Masjid ini di bawah tanggungjawab pemerintah Sultan Mahammad II beberapa tambahan telah dibuat seperti pembinaan lantai dan dinding dari kulit kayu. tahun 1886 – 1889 : Masjid ini dibawah tanggungjawab Sultan Ahmad I dimana lantai masjid diganti dengan kayu cengal. tahun 1889 – 1900 : Masjid dibawah tanggungjawab Sultan Mansor. Baginda telah memerintah penggunaan atap genting, pembinaan tempat ambil air sembahyang (ablution) namun begitu orang yang berpengaruh disitu ialah Nik Wan Muahammad. Beliaulah yang mengarahkan perintah Sultan itu. tahun 1900 – 1920 : Sultan Muhammad IV atau ‘Sultan Mulut Merah’ memerintah negeri Kelantan, tetapi baginda tidak melakukan sebarang perubahan pada masjid. tahun 1920 – 1966 : Masjid Kampung Laut dibawah jagaan ahli jawantankuasa masjid hinggalah ke bulan Disember 1966 apabila banjir besar merosakkan masjid ini. Perubahan dan pertukaran bahan-bahan binaan yang rosak seperti kayu dinding bahagian luar masjid ditukar kepada zinc, dilakukan oleh masyarakat penduduk Kam- pung Laut. November 1968 – 8 Mei 1970 : Masjid ini dibawah pengawasan sementara pihak persatuan Sejarah Malaysia semasa ia dirombak dan dibina semula di Nilam Puri, Kota Bharu. 8 Mei hingga sekarang 1976 : Masjid ini diamanahkan kepada Yayasan Pengajian Tinggi Islam Kelantan. Ini adalah untuk kegunaan pelajar-pelajar. 17

CHAPTER 2 | BAB 2 2.1 : MAP | 2.1 : PETA 2.1.1 : MALAYSIA | 2.1.1 : MALAYSIA Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia. The federal constitutional mon- Malaysia adalah sebuah negara di Asia Tenggara. Raja berperlem- archy consists of thirteen states and three federal territories, separat- bagaan persekutuan terdiri daripada tiga belas negeri dan tiga wilayah ed by the South China Sea into two regions, Peninsular Malaysia and persekutuan, dipisahkan oleh Laut China Selatan menjadi dua wilayah, Borneo’s East Malaysia. Peninsular Malaysia shares a land and maritime Semenanjung Malaysia dan Malaysia Timur Borneo. Semenanjung Ma- border with Thailand and maritime borders with Singapore, Vietnam, and laysia berkongsi sempadan darat dan maritim dengan Thailand dan Indonesia. East Malaysia shares land and maritime borders with Brunei sempadan maritim dengan Singapura, Vietnam, dan Indonesia. Malay- and Indonesia and a maritime border with the Philippines and Vietnam. sia Timur berkongsi sempadan darat dan maritim dengan Brunei dan Kuala Lumpur is the national capital and largest city while Putrajaya is Indonesia dan sempadan maritim dengan Filipina dan Vietnam. Kuala the seat of the federal government, with a population of over 32 million. Lumpur adalah ibu negara kebangsaan dan bandar terbesar sementara Putrajaya adalah kerusi kerajaan persekutuan dengan populasi lebih dari 32 juta. 18

2.1 : MAP | 2.1 : PETA 2.1.2 : STATE OF KELANTAN | 2.1.2 : NEGERI KELANTAN Malaysia is a federation which consists of 13 states (Negeri) (Wilayah Persekutuan). Eleven states and two federal territories are located on the Malay Peninsula while the remaining two states and one federal territory are on the island of Borneo. Kelantan is a state of Malaysia. The capital is Kota Bharu and royal seat is Kubang Kerian. The honorific name of the state is Darul Naim. Kelantan is located in the north-eastern corner of the peninsula. Kelantan, which is said to translate as the “Land of Lightning” (see alternate theories below), is an agrarian state with green paddy fields, rustic fishing villages and casuarina-lined beaches. Kelantan is home to some of the most ancient archaeological discoveries in Malaysia, including several prehistoric aboriginal settlements. Due to Kelantan’s relative isolation and largely rural lifestyle, Kelantanese culture differs some- what from Malay culture in the rest of the peninsula; this is reflected in the cuisine, arts and the unique Kelantanese Malay language, which is unintelligible even for some speakers of standard Malay. Kelantan is positioned in the north-east of Peninsular Malaysia. It is bordered by Narathiwat Prov- ince of Thailand to the north, Terengganu to the south-east, Perak to the west and Pahang to the south. To the north-east of Kelantan is the South China Sea. Malaysia adalah sebuah persekutuan yang terdiri daripada 13 negeri (Negeri) (Wilayah Persekutu- an). Sebelas negeri dan dua wilayah persekutuan terletak di Semenanjung Tanah Melayu semen- tara dua negeri selebihnya dan satu wilayah persekutuan berada di pulau Borneo. Kelantan Darul Naim atau nama pendeknya Kelantan merupakan sebuah negeri daripada 13 buah negeri di Malaysia yang kaya dengan sumber asli tempatan. Mempunyai keluasan lebih kurang 14,922 km², terletak di timur laut Semenanjung Malaysia, berhadapan dengan Laut Chi- na Selatan, dan bersempadan dengan Negeri Narathiwat, Thailand (lihat peta). Kelantan ialah sebuah negeri agraria (pertanian) yang mempunyai banyak kawasan tanaman padi dan perkam- pungan nelayan. Kelantan mempunyai KDNK per kapita sebanyak RM7,985 pada tahun 2006, iaitu kira-kira sebahagian kecil daripada negeri kaya lain seperti Selangor dan Pulau Pinang.[10] Lapo- ran Sosioekonomi Negeri 2017 yang diterbitkan pada 26 Julai 2018 melaporkan bahawa Kelantan mempunyai KDNK per kapita sebanyak RM13,593 pada 2017.[11] Berdasarkan pada Statistik Penduduk Suku ke-4 2019, Kelantan mempunyai seramai 2,000,000 orang penduduk. Kaum Melayu merupakan kaum yang terbesar iaitu sebanyak 95%, diikuti den- gan kaum Cina 3.8%, kaum India 0.3% dan lain-lain kaum 0.9%. Berdasarkan bancian tersebut, 95% daripada penduduk Kelantan beragama Islam, diikuti dengan agama Buddha 4.4%, Kristian 0.2%, Hindu 0.2% dan lain-lain agama 0.2%. Kelantan merupakan antara negeri yang mempunyai pera- tus penduduk Melayu yang tinggi selain Terengganu iaitu sebanyak 95% berbanding negeri-neg- eri lain di pantai barat Semenanjung. 19

2.1 : MAP | 2.1 : PETA 2.1.3 : TUMPAT, KELANTAN | 2.1.3 : TUMPAT, KELANTAN TUMPAT Tumpat is a district (jajahan) in Kelantan, Malaysia. Tumpat is situated at Tumpat adalah sebuah daerah (jajahan) di Kelantan, Malaysia. Tumpat the end of the East Coast Line railway line operated by Keretapi Tanah terletak di hujung landasan Keretapi Pantai Timur yang dikendalikan Melayu (Malayan Railways) which links Kelantan to the western part of oleh Keretapi Tanah Melayu (Keretapi Tanah Melayu) yang menghubu- Peninsular Malaysia. This strategic location makes it the transportation ngkan Kelantan ke bahagian barat Semenanjung Malaysia. Lokasi yang hub of Kelantan. Tumpat town is approximately 15 km from the state cap- strategik ini menjadikannya hab pengangkutan Kelantan. Bandar Tumpat ital, Kota Bharu. terletak kira-kira 15 km dari ibu negara, Kota Bharu. 20

2.1 : MAP | 2.1 : PETA 2.1.4 : NILAM PURI, KOTA BHARU, KELANTAN | 2.1.4 : NILAM PURI, KOTA BHARU, KELANTAN NILAM PURI Nilam Puri is a sub-district in Pendek district, Kota Nilam Puri merupakan sebuah mukim di daerah Bharu, Kelantan. Nilam Puri is located in Parliament Pendek, Kota Bharu, Kelantan. Nilam Puri terletak P 024 Kubang Kerian. Other sub-districts in Pendek dalam Parlimen P 024 Kubang Kerian. Mukim-mukim district are Mulong, Larak, Gaung, Tunjong, Lating, lain di daerah Pendek ialah Mulong, Larak, Gaung, Kubang Kachang, and Rupek. There are a total of 131 Tunjong, Lating, Kubang Kachang, dan Rupek. Ter- districts in the district of Kota Bharu. dapat sebanyak 131 mukim kesemuanya di jajahan Kota Bharu. 21

2.1 : MAP | 2.1 : PETA 2.1.5 : MASJID KAMPUNG LAUT, NILAM PURI | 2.1.5 : MASJID KAMPUNG LAUT, NILAM PURI MASJID KAMPUNG LAUT, NILAM PURI 22

2.1 : MAP | 2.1 : PETA 2.1.6 : LOCATION TUMPAT AND NILAM PURI | 2.1.6 : LOKASI TUMPAT DAN NILAM PURI Image 1.2 : The original site of the mosque and the current location at Nilam Puri, about 25 km apart Gambar 1.2 : Tapak asal masjid dan lokasi semasa di Nilam Puri, berjarak kira-kira 25 km 23

CHAPTER 2 | BAB 2 2.2 : HISTORY | 2.2 : SEJARAH 2.2.1 : BACKGROUND | 2.2.1 : LATARBELAKANG Objective of Study wall, flood gates and jetty will also be built, thus Matlamat dayaan, kedai makanan dll. Tembok banjir baru, The main objective for this conservation project encouraging tourists and visitors to visit this well Objektif utama untuk projek pemuliharaan ini pintu banjir dan jeti juga akan dibangun, sehing- is to relocate the current Mosque of Kampong known ‘serunding’ hub, via both road and river adalah untuk memindahkan Masjid Kampong ga mendorong para pelancong dan pengunjung Laut, located in Nilam Puri, Kota Baru, Kelantan, cruise. Laut yang sekarang, yang terletak di Nilam Puri, untuk mengunjungi hab ‘serunding’ yang terkenal back to its former site in Kampong Laut, in the Kota Baru, Kelantan, kembali ke bekas tapaknya ini, melalui pelayaran jalan raya dan sungai. District of Tumpat, Kelantan. The mosque will The relocation program will also include relo- di Kampong Laut, di Kabupaten Tumpat, Kelan- be integrated in a master planning layout of the cation of ‘missing’ furniture that belong to the tan. Masjid ini akan disatukan dalam tata letak Program penempatan semula juga akan mer- proposed development of Kampung Laut for the mosque, currently has been dispalced in three perancangan induk bagi cadangan pembangu- angkumi penempatan semula perabot ‘hilang’ ECERDC (East Coast Economic Region Develop- different mosques. These items must be re- nan Kampung Laut untuk ECERDC (Majlis Pem- milik masjid, yang kini telah dibuang di tiga mas- ment Council). The mosque will be a major com- turned, restored and treated. They are the ‘mim- bangunan Wilayah Ekonomi Pantai Timur). Masjid jid yang berbeza. Barang-barang ini mesti dikem- ponent and serve as a new landmark within the bar’ (pulpit) which is in Pasir Pekan old mosque, akan menjadi komponen utama dan berfungsi balikan, dipulihkan dan dirawat. Mereka adalah proposed development. the ‘kolah’ (water tank for ablution) now in the sebagai mercu tanda baru dalam pembangunan ‘mimbar’ (mimbar) yang ada di masjid lama Pasir current new mosque of Kampong Laut (masjid yang dicadangkan. Pekan, ‘kolah’ (tangki air untuk berwuduk) seka- In this relocation project, only the main prayer AlHidayah) and the ‘beduk’ now in Muhamma- rang di masjid baru Kampong Laut (masjid AlHi- hall and the minaret will be dismantled and re- di Mosque in Kota Bharu. These items once re- Dalam projek penempatan semula ini, hanya dayah) dan ‘beduk’ sekarang di Masjid Muham- located. This is because most other additions to paired, restored and treated will be placed in the ruang solat utama dan menara yang akan dib- madi di Kota Bharu. Barang-barang ini setelah the mosque complex were added in later years, relocated mosque. ongkar dan dipindahkan. Ini kerana kebanyakan diperbaiki, dipulihkan dan dirawat akan ditem- particularly in 1988, when the mosque came un- penambahan kompleks masjid ditambahkan patkan di masjid yang dipindahkan. der the management of Department of Museum. It is hoped that the MAIK (State Religious Affairs) pada tahun-tahun kemudian, terutama pada ta- The additions were done to meet the increasing or State Government will help to negotiate for hun 1988, ketika masjid berada di bawah pengu- Diharapkan pihak MAIK (Hal Ehwal Agama Neg- demand from local community. Another reason the return of these items. rusan Jabatan Muzium. Penambahan dilakukan eri) atau Kerajaan Negeri dapat membantu mer- is, the new site for this relocation project, is rather untuk memenuhi permintaan masyarakat tem- undingkan pemulangan barang-barang ini. tight to accommodate for the whole complex of When these items are placed in the mosque, they patan yang semakin meningkat. Sebab lain ialah, the mosque. help to enhance the character and historic value tapak baru untuk projek penempatan semula ini, Apabila barang-barang ini diletakkan di masjid, ia of the mosque. This help to re-establish the nos- agak ketat untuk menampung keseluruhan kom- membantu meningkatkan watak dan nilai berse- The mosque was relocated here in Nilam Puri in talgic feeling amongst the local community while pleks masjid. jarah masjid. Ini membantu mewujudkan kembali November 1967 as measures to secure the build- at the same time alleviating the mosque back to perasaan nostalgia di kalangan masyarakat se- ing from total damage due to annual floodings its original authentic ambiance. Masjid ini dipindahkan di sini di Nilam Puri pada tempat dan pada masa yang sama mengurang- and erosions on the banks of Kelantan River in bulan November 1967 sebagai langkah untuk kan masjid kembali ke suasana aslinya yang asli. which the mosque is located. Soon after the re- Although National Heritage Department (Jabatan melindungi bangunan dari kerosakan total aki- location, a new mosque, Masjid Al-Hidayah was Warisan Negara) has not formally gazetted the bat banjir dan hakisan tahunan di tebing Sungai Walaupun Jabatan Warisan Negara (Jabatan built not very far from the old mosque. building as National Heritage, the building auto- Kelantan di mana masjid tersebut berada. Tidak Warisan Negara) belum mewartakan bangunan matically continues to be protected under Herit- lama selepas penempatan semula, sebuah mas- tersebut secara rasmi sebagai Warisan Nasional, The new site for the relocation of the mosque age Act 645 (2005). Any intervention to this build- jid baru, Masjid Al-Hidayah dibina tidak jauh dari bangunan tersebut secara automatik terus dil- is about 300m south of the original site. Unfor- ing, requires permission from the Commissioner masjid lama. indungi di bawah Undang-Undang Warisan 645 tunately the original site has been washed away of Heritage and shall be formally presented for (2005). Sebarang campur tangan ke bangunan into the river as a result of continuous erosion, approval. All documentation process, approach- Tapak baru untuk penempatan semula masjid ini, memerlukan kebenaran daripada Pesuruh- sedimentation and new alignment of the riv- es to conservation shall be in line with interna- terletak kira-kira 300m ke selatan dari tapak asal. jaya Warisan dan akan dikemukakan secara ras- er (refer page 37) The proposed development tional charters and conservation guidelines of the Sayangnya laman web asalnya telah dihanyutkan mi untuk kelulusan. Semua proses dokumentasi, consists of new ‘serunding’ stalls, show rooms, National Heritage Department. ke sungai akibat hakisan, pemendapan dan pen- pendekatan pemuliharaan harus sejajar dengan cultural activities, food outlets etc. A new flood jajaran sungai yang berterusan (rujuk halaman 37) pedoman antarabangsa dan garis panduan Pembangunan yang dicadangkan terdiri daripa- pemuliharaan Jabatan Warisan Nasional. da gerai ‘serunding’, bilik pameran, aktiviti kebu- 24

2.2.2 : MOSQUE SITE CHANGE | 2.2.2 : PERUBAHAN TAPAK MASJID 1 2 The change in the site of the Kampung Laut mosque is based on the oral stories of the residents of Kampung Laut, photo guides and opinions. Majid site changes due to floods. The original site of the mosque with the change of sea shore. 1. The mosque was originally built with a seafront 2. The site of the mosque in the 1970s Perubahan tapak masjid Kampung Laut adalah berdasarkan kepada cerita-cerita lisan penduduk Kampung Laut, pandu- an gambar dan pendapat-pendapat. Perubahan tapak majid disebabkan oleh banjir. Tapak asal masjid dengan perubahan pantai laut. 1. Masjid diawal pembinaan berdekatan dengan pinggir laut 2. Tapak masjid ditahun 1970’an 12 Changes in the original site of the mosque with changes in the banks of the Kelantan River from time to time. 1. Early construction 2. 1900 3. 1966 4. 1976 34 Perubahan tapak asal masjid dengan perubahan tebing Sun- gai Kelantan dari masa ke semasa. 1. Awal pembinaannya 2. Tahun 1900 3. Tahun 1966 4. Tahun 1976 25

Shows the former site of the original Kampung Menunjukkan bekas tapak asal masjid Kampung Shows the former site of a mosque that has col- Menunjukkan bekas tapak masjid yang telah Laut mosque by the Kelantan river bank in April Laut ditepi tebing sungai Kelantan pada bulan April lapsed into the Kelant river due to floods. Also runtuh ke dalam sungai Kelant akibat ban- 1976. 1976. seen are reclamation from bamboo to prevent jir. Kelihatan juga penambak dari buluh untuk erosion on the river banks. mengelakkan hakisan pada tebing sungai. Photo taken in April 1976. Gambar di ambil pada bulan April 1976. Shows the former endowment site and cemetery Menunjukkan bekas tapak wakaf dan perkuburan Referring to the current condition of the former Merujuk keadaan bekas tapak masjid pada of Kampung Laut Mosque that remained after the Masjid Kampung Laut yang tinggal selepas banjir. mosque site. It looks like a prayer water well masa ini. Kelihatan telaga air sembahyang flood. It looks like a small building with a roof and Kelihatan binaan kecil yang berbumbung dan ber- submerged in water (in a circle). The woman in ditengelami air (dalam bulatan). Wanita yang pillars. This building is the roof of the tomb in the tiang. Binaan ini adalah bumbung kubur di tanah the picture can determine the depth of the river didalam gambar dapat menentukan sekil da- cemetery. The dotted line is the boundary of the perkuburan itu. Garisan putus-putus adalah sem- when the water recedes. lamnya sungai ketika air surut. mosque endowment land with the village area. padan tanah wakaf masjid dengan kawasan per- kampungan. Photo taken April 1976. Gambar diambil April 1976. 26

Shows the erosion of the river on the banks Menunjukkan hakisan sungai pada tebing of the Kelantan river that hit the pole by the sungai Kelantan yangtelah mencecah tiang mosque in March 1968. It also looks like tepi masjid dalam bulan March 1968. Keli- the former porch of the mosque that was hatan juga bekas serambi masjid yang telah washed away by the flood. The Kampung dihanyutkan oleh banjir tersebut. Masjid Laut Mosque was not used after the flood, Kampung Laut tidak digunakan selepas including the well in front of it. banjir ini termasuklah perigi dihadapannya. * Photo courtesy of Che’ Gu Yusuf, *Gambar ihsan dari Che’ Gu Yusuf, Kampung Laut Kampung Laut 27

Masjid Kampung Laut at its original location on the banks of the Kelantan River © National Archives of Malaysia Masjid Kampung Laut di lokasi asalnya di tebing Sungai Kelantan © Arkib Negara Malaysia 28

The area around the Sea Village Mosque in Kawasan di sekeliling Masjid kampung Laut the 1930s. pada tahun 1930-an. 29

Map showing the former site of the old Peta penunjuk bekas tapak masjid lama di mosque in Kampung Laut, Kota Bharu, 1970. Kampung Laut, Kota Bharu, 1970. 30

2.2.3 : BUILDING DEVELOPMENT | 2.2.3 : PERKEMBANGAN BINAAN The development of the construction that took place on the Kampung Laut mosque is based on oral sto- Perkembangan binaan yang berlaku terhadap masjid Kampung Laut berdasarkan dari cerita-cerita lisan, ries, picture guides and previous historical studies. To complete the understanding of the development of panduan gambar dan kajian sejarah terdahulu. Untuk menyudahkan memahami perkembangan binaan the construction of the mosque, the author divides it into stages according to the changes made by the masjid, penulis membahagikan kepada peringkat-peringkat mengikut perubahan yang dilakukan oleh authorities to the mosque. The stages are: - pihak berkuasa terhadap masjid. Peringkat-peringkat itu ialah :- * First stage (before 1859) *Peringkat pertama (sebelum tahun 1859) *Peringkat kedua (tahun 1859 – 1886) * Second stage (1859 - 1886) *Peringkat ketiga (tahun 1886 – 1889) *Peringkat keempat (tahun 1890 – 1900) * Third stage (1886 - 1889) *Peringkat kelima (tahun 1900 – 1967) *Peringkat keenam (tahun 1970 – * Fourth stage (1890 - 1900) * Fifth stage (1900 - 1967) * Sixth stage (1970 - 1. The First Stage 1. Peringkat Pertama This mosque was built about 300 years ago. The shape is simple, like a waqf with four pillars. It prefers a Masjid ini dibina lebih kurang 300 tahun dahulu. Bentuknya adalah ringkas iaitu seperti wakaf yang place of worship and asceticism than a mosque in the present sense. The roof of the roof is made of rem- bertiang empat. Ianya lebih mengutamakan sebuah tempat ibadat dan pertapaan daripada berfungsi bia. The floor is from nibung. Only 4 series pillars and the frame part which is a building made of cengal sebuah masjid dalam ertikata sekarang. Atap bagi bumbungnya daripada rembia. Lantainya dari nibung. wood. This mosque initially had no walls. The height of the floor above ground level is said to be as high Hanya tiang seri 4 saja dan bahagian kerangka iaitu bangunan dari kayu cengal. Masjid ini pada awalnya as an elephant and its herdsman which is about 10’- 0 ”high. (figure 1). tidak mempunyai dinding. Tinggi lantai dari paras tanah dikatakan setinggi gajah serta gembalanya iaitu kira-kiranya 10’- 0” tinggi . (gambarajah 1). Figure 1 : Kampung Laut Mosque at the time it was built was 500 years old. (First stage). Gambarajah 1 : Masjid Kampung Laut di zaman ia mula dibina 500 tahun. (Peringkat pertama). KERATAN PELAN 31

2. The Second Stage 2. Peringkat Kedua The development of the mosque could not be known after that until the reign of Sultan Muhammad II Perkembangan masjid tidak dapat diketahui selepas itu hinggalah ke zaman pemerintahan Sultan 1859 - 1886. At this stage the floor of the mosque was expanded. The walls of the mosque are added, Muhammad II 1859 – 1886. Pada peringkat ini bahagian lantai masjid telah diluaskan. Dinding masjid made of wood (figure 2). ditambah, diperbuat dari kulit kayu (gambarajah 2). KERATAN PELAN Scale : 3/32” :1/-0” Figure 2 : Kampung Laut Mosque during the reign of Sultan Muhammad II.. (Second stage). | Gambarajah 2 : Masjid Kampung Laut di zaman Sultan Muhamad II. (Peringkat kedua). 32

3. Third Stage Shows the wall called ‘Janda berhias’ this wall is located on the outside of the wall of the new Kampung Laut mosque During the reign of Sultan Ahmad 1 (1886 - 1889) AD the mosque building was enlarged to become a in Nilam Puri. This wall is a new wall because the original mosque in the present sense). Changes also occurred where the thatched roof was replaced with a wall was damaged by the 1966 flood. tile roof (brick) from Pattani, the replacement of the use of nibung floor to 3 inch thick cengal board, Photo taken April 1976. as well as the use of cengal board for the wall. The walls were likely as those found in most homes Kelantan Malays at that time the walls ‘widow dressing’. This includes the use of pendulums which Menunjukkan dinding yang dipanggil ‘Janda berhias’ dind- were very popular at that time. At this stage the first mosque tower was built by Che Mohd Salleh a ing ini terdapat pada bahagian luar dinding masjid Kam- carpenter from Terengganu. pung Laut yang baru di Nilam Puri. Dinding ini adalah dind- ing yang baru kerana dinding asalnya telah dirosakkan oleh 3. Peringkat Ketiga banjir tahun 1966. Gambar diambil April 1976. Pada zaman pemerintah Sultan Ahmad 1 (1886 – 1889) masehi bangunan masjid telah dibesarkan lagi hingga menjadi masjid dalam ertikata sekarang). Perubahan juga berlaku dimana atap rumbia diganti * Pattani - a region in Southern Siam (Thailand). dengan atap genting (bata) dar Pattani, penggantian penggunaan lantai nibung kepada papan cengal * Pattani - sebuah wilayah di Selatan Siam (Thailand). setebal 3 inci, juga penggunaan papan cengal untuk dinding. Dinding masjid berkemungkinan seperti yang terdapat pada kebanyakkan rumah-rumah melayu Kelantan pada masa itu iaitu dinding ‘janda berhias’. Ini termasuklah penggunaan bendul yang sangat terkenal ketika itu. Pada peringkat ini me- nara masjid yang pertama telah dibina oleh Che Mohd Salleh seorang tukang kayu dari Terengganu. Figure 3 : Kampung Laut Mosque during the reign of Sultan Ahmad I. (Third stage 1886 - 1889). Gambarajah 3 : Masjid Kampung Laut di zaman Sultan Ahmad I. (Peringkat ketiga 1886 - 1889). KERATAN MASJID MENARA Scale : 3/32” :1/-0” 33

4. The Fourth Stage 4. Peringkat keempat The rapid development of additional mosque buildings began in the time of Sultan Mansor (1890 - 1990) Perkembangan pesat tambahan bangunan masjid bermula di zaman Sultan Mansor (1890 – 1990) mase- AD. The work was done under the direction of Nik Wan Mohammad, an influential person there. Among hi. Kerja-kerja dilakukkan dibawah arahan Nik Wan Mohammad seorang yang berpengaruh disitu. Di- them is a place to take prayer water (ablution) covered, the use of tiled roof from Sanggora. This was fol- antaranya ialah tempat mengambil air sembahyang (ablution) yang berbumbung, penggunaan atap lowed by the construction of rabong boppers made of cement and butong fruit made from Pattani jars. genting dari Sanggora. Ini diikuti dengan permbinaan pemekop rabong yang dibuat dari simen-simen Floors that were initially high and low have been leveled. The mosque area is fenced with wood around dan buah butong yang dibuat dari tempayan Pattani. Lantai yang pada mulanya tinggi rendah telah dis- it. In addition, various carvings have been made on tetupai on 4 series pillars. amaratakan. Kawasan masjid dipagar dengan kayu sekelilingnya. Disamping itu berbagai ukiran telah dibuat pada tetupai di 4 tiang seri. Shows the place to take the prayer water (ablution) with a roof that was built during the time of Sultan Mansor (1890 - 1990) AD is still in the waqf land of Kampung Laut. This build is no longer in use. Photo taken in April 1976. Menunjukkan tempat mengambil air sembahyang (ablution) yang berbumbung yang telah dibina dizaman Sultan Mansor (1890 - 1990) masehi sekarang is masih ada ditanah wakaf Kampung Laut. Binaan ini tidak digunakan lagi. Gambar diambil pada April 1976. * Sanggora - a region in Southern Siam (Thailand). * Sanggora - sebuah wilayah di Selatan Siam (Thailand). Cement - in the sense of the time is a mixture of sweet honey, egg whites and rock powder Simen - dalam ertikata masa itu ialah campuran manisan madu, putih telur dan serbuk batu Figure 4 & 5 | Gambarajah 4 & 5 Figure 6 : Kampung Laut Mosque during the reign of Sultan Mansor. (Fourth stage 1890 - 1900). Gambarajah 6 : Masjid Kampung Laut di zaman Sultan Mansor. (Peringkat keempat 1890 - 1900). KERATAN MASJID KERATAN MENARA 34

Figure 7 : Scale : 1/16” :1/-0” Floor plan Kampung Laut Mosque during the reign of Sultan Mansor. Scale : 3/32” :1/-0” (Fourth stage 1890 - 1900). 35 Gambarajah 7 : Pelan tapak Masjid Kampung Laut di zaman Sultan Mansor. (Peringkat keempat 1890 - 1900).

Figure 8 : Kampung Laut Mosque in the Sultan Mansor Period (1890 - 1900) Pictures taken from the Gambarajah 8 : Masjid Kampung Laut di Zaman Sultan Mansor (1890 – 1900) Gambar diambil dari arah direction of the river from the east. Look at the entrances and fences made of wood. Waqf is also seen sungai iaitu dari timur. Perhatikan pintu masuk dan pagar yang dibuat dari kayu. Kelihatan juga wakaf di in front of the building. hadapan bangunan. -Photo courtesy of the National Museum, Kuala Lumpur. -Gambar ihsan dari Muzium Negara, Kuala Lumpur. 5. The Fifth Stage 5. Peringkat kelima In the time of Sultan Muhammad IV (1900 - 1920) and so on until the previous era it collapsed in No- Di zaman Sultan Muhammad IV (1900 – 1920) dan seterusnya hingga kezaman sebelumnya ianya run- vember 1966, a change that occurred with the efforts of the residents of Kampung Laut himself who tuh pada November 1966, perubahan yang berlaku dengan usaha penduduk Kampung Laut sendiri was also under the direction of Nik Wan Muhammad. Among them are the construction of the latitude yang juga dibawah arahan Nik Wan Muhammad. Diantaranya ialah pembinaan balai lintang pada 1908 hall in 1908 and the construction of wakaf orangkaya in the 1950s by orangkaya Hussein, the grandson dan pembinaan wakaf orangkaya pada 1950an oleh orangkaya Hussein iaitu cucu kepada Nik Wan of Nik Wan Muhammad. The ceiling and the staircase at the top have been made by some followers Muhammad. Siling (ceiling) berserta tangganya dibahagian atas telah dibuat oleh beberapa pengikut of the Al-Azhari group for them how. ta’rikat Al-Azhari untuk mereka betapa. 36

The lattice hall which was built in 1908 un- Balai lintang yang telah dibina pada tahun The former Balai Lintang © National Archives of Malaysia der the direction of Nik Wan Muhammad 1908 dibawah arahan Nik Wan Muhammad Bekas Balai Lintang © Arkib Negara Malaysia during the reign of Sultan Muhammad IV dizaman Sultan Muhammad IV Kampung Kampung Laut and is no longer used. The Laut dan tidak digunakan lagi. Bahagian right side of the dashed line in the picture is kanan garisan putus-putus pada gambar a new addition to the latitude hall after the adalah tambahan baru pada balai lintang Kampung Laut Mosque was remodeled. selepas Masjid Kampung Laut dirombak. Photo taken in April 1976. Gambar diambil pada April 1976. The Balai which houses the Beduk © Kalam | Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Balai yang menempatkan Beduk © Kalam | Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 37

The exact date of construction of the mosque Although in the beginning the mosque was far from Tarikh sebenar pembinaan masjid tidak diketahui, Walaupun pada awalnya masjid berada jauh dari is unknown, as there was no date inscribed or the river, frequent flooding has resulted in serious kerana tidak ada tarikh yang tertulis atau diukir di sungai, banjir yang kerap mengakibatkan hakisan carved anywhere in the building. Tan Sri Mubin erosion to river bank and today part of the original mana-mana bangunan. Tan Sri Mubin Sheppard serius ke tebing sungai dan hari ini sebahagian Sheppard (the former Director of Jabatan Muzium site is in fact in the river. The 1966 flood, known as (mantan Pengarah Jabatan Muzium dan Antikuiti, dari kawasan asal sebenarnya ada di sungai. Ban- dan Antikuiti, JMA) agreed the building had been ‘banjir merah’ had caused serious damage. The old JMA) bersetuju bahawa bangunan itu sudah ada jir tahun 1966, yang dikenal sebagai ‘banjir merah’ in existence in the past five generations. He was mosque began to lean and tilt further into the river. sejak lima generasi yang lalu. Dia adalah antara telah menyebabkan kerosakan serius. Masjid lama among the person who fought for the relocation The extended spaces at the rear and right side of orang yang memperjuangkan penempatan semu- mula bersandar dan condong lebih jauh ke sungai. when the mosque was partly damaged and about the mosque has been washed into the river . la ketika masjid tersebut sebahagiannya rosak dan Ruang yang luas di bahagian belakang dan kanan to collapse into Sungai Kelantan due to constant hampir runtuh ke Sungai Kelantan kerana banjir masjid telah dicuci ke sungai. flooding. Soon a joint effort by the ‘Persatuan Sejarah Ma- berterusan. laysia’ (Malaysian Historical Society) and the State Tidak lama kemudian, usaha bersama oleh ‘Per- Although the history of the mosque is always Government began to make efforts to save and Walaupun sejarah masjid sebahagiannya selalu satuan Sejarah Malaysia’ (Persatuan Sejarah Ma- partly related to mystical world, many historians to relocate the mosque. After several sites were berkaitan dengan dunia mistik, banyak sejarawan laysia) dan Kerajaan Negeri mula membuat us- suggested the mosque is in the same era as the shorlisted, it was finally decided to be relocated to mencadangkan masjid itu berada di era yang sama aha menyelamatkan dan memindahkan masjid. famous 15th century Demak Mosque of Central Nilam Puri, next to Centre of Islamic Studies, Uni- dengan Masjid Demak abad ke-15 yang terkenal di Setelah beberapa laman web disenaraikan, akhirn- Java, Indonesia; sharing the similar architecture versity of Malaya. Jawa Tengah, Indonesia; berkongsi seni bina dan ya diputuskan untuk dipindahkan ke Nilam Puri, di and mosque typology. tipologi masjid yang serupa. sebelah Pusat Pengajian Islam, Universiti Malaya. The building was dismantled in November 1967 Kampung Laut Mosque is currently located in by a group of carpenters headed by Encik Hussein Masjid Kampung Laut kini terletak di Nilam Puri, Bangunan ini dibongkar pada bulan November Nilam Puri, about 18 km from Kota Bharu town, bin Salleh from Kampung Bunut Payong under the kira-kira 18 km dari bandar Kota Bharu, Kelantan 1967 oleh sekumpulan tukang kayu yang diketuai Kelantan Darul Naim. The building serves as a con- supervision of Tuan Haji Zain bin Haji Awang Ke- Darul Naim. Bangunan ini berfungsi sebagai tem- oleh Encik Hussein bin Salleh dari Kampung Bun- gregation place and activity centre for students of chik*. The mosque was reconstructed base on the pat berjemaah dan pusat aktiviti bagi pelajar dari ut Payong di bawah pengawasan Tuan Haji Zain two neighbouring universities, ie. Academy of Is- original forms using as much materials as possible. dua universiti jiran, iaitu. Akademi Pengajian Islam, bin Haji Awang Kechik *. Masjid ini dibina semula lamic Studies, University of Malaya and secondly Only the main prayer hall was reconstructed due Universiti Malaya dan kedua Kolej Islam Antara- berdasarkan bentuk semula jadi dengan menggu- the Kolej Islam Antarabangsa Sultan Ismail Petra to lack of information on the building and meas- bangsa Sultan Ismail Petra (KIAS). nakan sebanyak mungkin bahan. Hanya ruang so- (KIAS). urements. lat utama yang dibina semula kerana kekurangan Masjid ini dipindahkan ke sini dari Kampong Laut maklumat mengenai bangunan dan ukuran. The mosque was relocated here from Kampong In November 1968, the state government granted apabila ia dilihat sebagai salah satu pilihan terbaik Laut when it was seen as one of the best options permission to dismantle and reassemble in Nilam untuk menyelamatkan bangunan tersebut dari- Pada bulan November 1968, pemerintah negeri to save the building from further damage due to Puri. Work started on 3rd Nov 1968 – led by master pada kerosakan yang lebih teruk kerana banjir di memberikan izin untuk membongkar dan meng- frequent flooding of Kelantan River. Since 1966, builder Hussien bin Salleh of Bunut Payong. The Sungai Kelantan kerap. Sejak tahun 1966, masjid umpulkan kembali di Nilam Puri. Kerja dimulakan the mosque in its new setting has served well to task of repair was done by a group of 16 local car- dalam suasana barunya telah berfungsi dengan pada 3hb Nov 1968 - diketuai oleh pembangun students, staff and local community here in Nilam penters. baik kepada pelajar, kakitangan dan masyarakat utama Hussien bin Salleh dari Bunut Payong. Tu- Puri. setempat di Nilam Puri. gas pembaikan dilakukan oleh sekumpulan 16 tukang kayu tempatan. 8 May 1970 (23 Rabiul Awal 1389) : Tun Haji Hamdan bin Sheikh Tahir, on behalf of the ‘Persatuan Sejarah Malaysia’ officially handing over the mosque to YAB Dato’ Haji Mohd Asri bin Haji Muda, the Menteri Besar of Kelantan 8 mei 1970 bersamaan 23 Rabiul Awal 1389 : Tun Haji Hamdan bin Sheikh Tahir, bagi pihak Per- satuan Sejarah Malaysia secara rasmi menyerahkan masjid kepada YAB Dato ’Haji Mohd Asri bin Haji Muda, Menteri Besar Kelantan 38

The lower portion of pillars were badly damage Tan Sri Mubin Sheppard claimed the pillars, orig- Bahagian tiang yang lebih rendah mengalami ker- Tan Sri Mubin Sheppard mendakwa tiang-tiang itu, due to long burial in soil and were cut off during inally stood more than 8ft. The elephant could osakan akibat pengebumian tanah yang lama dan pada asalnya berdiri lebih dari 8 kaki. Gajah itu dapat dismantle works. The current building thus, sits pass through underneath the building. This was terputus semasa kerja-kerja pembongkaran. Oleh melintas di bawah bangunan. Perkara ini juga dise- rather low in Nilam Puri. also mentioned by the current Penghulu, Encik itu, bangunan semasa terletak di Nilam Puri yang but oleh Penghulu semasa, Encik Mohd Ghazali Ha- Mohd Ghazali Harun who shared the story by his agak rendah. run yang berkongsi cerita oleh neneknya. On May 8th 1970 (23 Rabiul Awal 1389), Tun Haji grandmother. Hamdan bin Sheikh Tahir on behalf of ‘Persat- Pada 8 Mei 1970 (23 Rabiul Awal 1389), Tun Haji Ham- Seorang lagi penduduk kampung, Pak Su Harun uan Sejarah Malaysia officially handed over the Another villager, Pak Su Harun who inherited the dan bin Sheikh Tahir bagi pihak Persatuan Sejarah yang mewarisi pekerjaan ‘siak’ (ayah pengasuh) dari mosque to the then Chief Minister of Kelantan, ‘siak’ (care taker) job from his father, mentioned Malaysia secara rasmi menyerahkan masjid tersebut bapanya, menyebut bahawa dia menyaksikan tiang- YAB Dato’ Haji Mohd Asri bin Haji Muda, who re- he had witnessed the columns of the mosque kepada Menteri Besar Kelantan ketika itu, YAB Dato tiang masjid terkubur di bawah pasir ketika proses ceived on behalf of the State Government. were buried under the sand when the disman- ‘Haji Mohd Asri bin Haji Muda, yang menerima bagi pembongkaran itu berlaku. Untuk membuat pek- tling process took place. To make job much eas- pihak Kerajaan Negeri. erjaan lebih mudah, tiang-tiang itu digergaji, men- In February 1988, some additional buildings were ier, the columns were sawn off, leaving some inggalkan beberapa di dalam pasir. Inilah sebabnya added to the building, this include the minaret, deep in the sand. This is why the current mosque Pada bulan Februari 1988, beberapa bangunan tam- mengapa masjid yang ada di Nilam Puri ini terletak serambi besar, serambi kecil, balai lintang, wakaf in Nilam Puri sits quite low to ground level. bahan ditambahkan ke dalam bangunan, termasuk cukup rendah dari permukaan tanah. orang kaya, toilets and ablution tubs for men and menara, serambi besar, serambi kecil, balai lintang, women. Even the roof tiles were replaced. wakaf orang kaya, tandas dan tab wuduk untuk lela- ki dan wanita. Malah jubin bumbung diganti. November 1967 – dismantling and re- The mosque before badly damaged by 1966 location of the mosque after the ‘red flood in Kg Laut, notice the minaret and grave- flood’ (banjir merah) in 1966. yard around the mosque. November 1967 - pembongkaran dan Masjid sebelum rosak teruk akibat banjir tahun penempatan semula masjid setelah 1966 di Kg Laut, perhatikan menara dan kuburan ‘banjir merah’ (banjir merah) pada ta- di sekitar masjid. hun 1966. The mosque after the 1966 flood. No- Early photo of the completely re- tice the exposed columns, indicating assembled mosque in Nilam Puri the mosque was built on very high (note the minaret has not been columns. built) source: report by Malaysian Historical Society in the society’s Masjid selepas banjir 1966. Perhatikan magazine of December 1970 edi- tiang-tiang yang terpapar, menunjuk- tion . kan masjid itu dibangun di atas tiang- tiang yang sangat tinggi. Foto awal masjid yang dipasang kembali di Nilam Puri (perhatikan bahawa menara belum dibina) sumber: laporan oleh Persatuan Sejarah Malaysia dalam majalah masyarakat edisi Disember 1970. 39

The Kampung Laut Mosque is believed to Masjid Kampung Laut dipercayai pada asal- be originally shaped like a wakaf. nya berbentuk seperti wakaf. Also seen is the cover of the ‘duck tail’ ridge Kelihatan juga penutup rabung ‘ekor itik’ di- at the four corners of the waqf roof. keempat-empat penjuru bumbung wakaf. Sketch of ‘Waqaf’ by Ar Zulqaisar Hamidin Lakaran Waqaf oleh Ar Zulqaisar Hamidin 40

CHAPTER 3 | BAB 3 KAMPUNG LAUT MOSQUE | MASJID KAMPUNG LAUT 3.1 : NILAM PURI SITE LOCATION | 3.1 : LOKASI TAPAK DI NILAM PURI Kampung Laut Mosque is considered to be the of the mosque is a three-tiered Meru roof (py- Masjid Kampung Laut dianggap sebagai masjid lantai berbentuk persegi. Atap masjid adalah atap oldest mosque in Malaysia, built in 1676. The ramidal roof). The end of ridge cap is known as tertua di Malaysia, dibina pada tahun 1676. Mas- Meru tiga tingkat (atap piramidal). Hujung topi mosque was originally located at Kampung Laut, ekor itik in Kelantanese dialect, and it symbolises jid ini pada awalnya terletak di Kampung Laut, rabung dikenali sebagai ekor itik dalam dialek in Tumpat district of Kelantan about two miles (3.2 a dragon. The way the dragon is symbolised in di daerah Tumpat, Kelantan kira-kira dua batu Kelantan, dan melambangkan seekor naga. Cara km) downstream from the town of Kota Bahru. this mosque is that it was formed into something (3.2 km) di hilir dari bandar Kota Bahru. Semasa naga dilambangkan di masjid ini adalah ia diben- During its construction, the mosque is believed called som that are located at the four corners pembinaannya, masjid ini dipercayai terletak se- tuk menjadi sesuatu yang disebut som yang ter- to sit at least three-quarters of a mile (1.6 km) of the mosque’s roof. Som is divided into three kurang-kurangnya tiga perempat batu (1.6 km) letak di empat penjuru bumbung masjid. Som from the riverside of the Kelantan River and near parts that are known as the head, body and tail. dari pinggir sungai Sungai Kelantan dan berham- terbahagi kepada tiga bahagian yang dikenali se- the seashore. The shape of buah buton at the tip of the roof is piran pantai. bagai kepala, badan dan ekor. Bentuk buah buton the result of refinements made in the shape of a di hujung bumbung adalah hasil penyempurnaan In 1967, Kampung Laut Mosque was moved from Buddhist stupa. Pada tahun 1967, Masjid Kampung Laut dipindah- yang dibuat dalam bentuk stupa Buddha. its original site to Nilam Puri, Kota Bahru, Kelantan. kan dari lokasi asalnya ke Nilam Puri, Kota Bahru, This was due to the recurring floods at its original The uniqueness of this mosque is the existence Kelantan. Ini disebabkan banjir berulang di lokasi Keunikan masjid ini adalah adanya balai lin- location, and the Malaysian Historical Society felt of balai lintang (foyer hall) and wakaf orang kaya asalnya, dan Persatuan Sejarah Malaysia meras- tang (ruang legar) dan wakaf orang kaya (gaze- the mosque was no longer safe there. The major (dignitary’s gazebo) which were built in the 1950s akan masjid itu tidak lagi selamat di sana. Banjir bo kenamaan) yang dibangun pada tahun 1950 floods of December 1966 partly destroyed the by Orang Kaya Hussein. Balai lintang is located besar pada bulan Disember 1966 sebahagiann- oleh Orang Kaya Hussein. Balai lintang terletak di mosque and left it in a dangerous condition, thus in front of the main prayer hall opposite to the ya memusnahkan masjid dan meninggalkannya hadapan ruang solat utama yang bertentangan it could not be used. For this reason, renovation mosque’s main entrance. Balai lintang was built dalam keadaan berbahaya, sehingga tidak dap- dengan pintu masuk utama masjid. Balai lintang works were carried out in November 1967 by a in 1908 at the time of Sultan Muhammad IV. The at digunakan. Atas sebab ini, kerja-kerja pengu- dibina pada tahun 1908 pada zaman Sultan Mu- group of Kelantan Malay craftsmen. minaret, wakaf orang kaya and ablution pond are bahsuaian dilakukan pada bulan November 1967 hammad IV. Menara, wakaf orang kaya dan kolam located on the right side of the main entrance of oleh sekumpulan tukang Melayu Kelantan. wuduk terletak di sebelah kanan pintu masuk This mosque is influenced by the Nusantara the mosque. The old minaret that had collapsed utama masjid. Menara lama yang runtuh pada style. The floor plan is square in shape. The roof was originally located at the front of the mosque. Masjid ini dipengaruhi oleh gaya Nusantara. Pelan asalnya terletak di hadapan masjid . 41

The traders brought with them their values and its current location. The mosque is believed to be Para peniaga membawa nilai dan budaya mereka cayai sebagai masjid tertua di Malaysia, sejak abad culture which had also contributed to the many ar- the oldest mosque in Malaysia, dating back to the yang turut menyumbang kepada banyak kosa kata ke-16. chitectural vocabulary of the region. 16th century. seni bina di wilayah ini. Penempatan semula itu diperlukan untuk The spread of Islam into Malaysia has given rise to The relocation was necessary in order to save the Penyebaran Islam ke Malaysia telah memunculkan menyelamatkan masjid daripada hancur total aki- many theories, which are also inextricably related mosque from being totally destroyed by the con- banyak teori, yang juga terkait dengan perkem- bat banjir berterusan yang disebabkan oleh ke- to the evolvement of the mosque architecture of stant flooding caused by the rising river water lev- bangan seni bina masjid di rantau ini. naikan paras air sungai yang berlaku pada musim the region. els that occurs during the annual monsoon season, tengkujuh tahunan, merosakkan landasannya dan damaging its foundation and timber supports. Masjid Kampung Laut adalah salah satu masjid sokongan kayu. Kampung Laut Mosque is one of the most promi- paling terkenal di Malaysia yang telah menyum- nent mosques in Malaysia that has contributed to The architecture of the mosque has an uncan- bang kepada penyebaran Islam di rantau ini. Ia kini Seni bina masjid mempunyai kemiripan yang luar the spread of Islam in the region. It is now set in ny resemblance to the mosque of Tuo Kayu Jao, ditempatkan di perkarangan kecil seperti kampus biasa dengan masjid Tuo Kayu Jao, Solok dekat a small campus-like compound of Nilam Puri in Solok near Padang, Sumatra, Indonesia, which was Nilam Puri di Kota Bharu, Kelantan. Masjid ini pada Padang, Sumatera, Indonesia, yang telah dibangun Kota Bharu, Kelantan. The mosque was originally built much earlier. It is possible that the architec- awalnya terletak di Kampung Laut di Tumpat, di lebih awal. Ada kemungkinan gaya seni bina dapat located in Kampung Laut in Tumpat, on the banks tural style could have influenced the design and tebing Sungai Kelantan sebelum dipindahkan ke mempengaruhi reka bentuk dan pembinaan Mas- of the Kelantan River before it was shifted inland to the construction of the Kampung Laut Mosque. pedalaman ke lokasi sekarang. Masjid ini diper- jid Kampung Laut. 42

02 6 Site plan 12 m 12m FFlolooorrpplalann 02 6 12 m 02 6 02 6 12m Reproduced from © KALAM | University Teknologi Malaysia 43

Rear elevation 02 6 12m Right elevation 44

Left elevation Front elevation 02 6 12m 02 6 12 m 45

02 6 12 m Section 02 6 12 m Section 6 12m 02 46

3.2 : THEORIES BEHIND ITS HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 3.2 : TEORI DI SEBALIK LATAR BELAKANG SEJARAH The typical pyramidal tier roof mosque structure The second theory was made by a scholar named Struktur masjid bumbung tingkat piramid yang Teori kedua dibuat oleh seorang sarjana bernama has been compared to the various other external Dr. Randhos Abdul Rahman Al-Ahmadi, who had tipikal telah dibandingkan dengan pelbagai pen- Dr. Randhos Abdul Rahman Al-Ahmadi, yang telah architectural influences, mainly from the Chinese, conducted a study and interviewed many local garuh seni bina luaran yang lain, terutamanya dari melakukan kajian dan mewawancarai banyak Hindu and Buddhist design elements which are people. His theory suggested that the Muslim elemen reka bentuk Cina, Hindu dan Buddha yang orang tempatan. Teorinya menunjukkan bahawa found throughout the region that predates the ar- missionaries from Champa had built the Kampung terdapat di seluruh wilayah yang menjelang keda- para mubaligh Muslim dari Champa telah mem- rival of Islam in the region. From the many studies Laut Mosque, in their quest to establish three Is- tangan Islam di rantau ini. Dari sekian banyak kaji- bangun Masjid Kampung Laut, dalam usaha mere- carried out by scholars, there are three main the- lamic centres in this region. They had brought an yang dilakukan oleh para sarjana, terdapat tiga ka untuk mendirikan tiga pusat Islam di wilayah ini. ories related to the significance of the Kampung along with them pre-fabricated building compo- teori utama yang berkaitan dengan kepentingan Mereka membawa bersama komponen bangunan Laut Mosque. nents which were assembled on various specific Masjid Kampung Laut. pra-fabrikasi yang dipasang di berbagai lokasi tert- sites. One of the sites was the original site of the entu. Salah satu laman web tersebut adalah laman The first theory claimed by a local historian, Nik Kampung Laut Mosque and the other two sites Teori pertama yang dituntut oleh sejarawan tem- asal Masjid Kampung Laut dan dua laman web lain Man bin Nik Mat, whose ancestor, Raja Iman, was were in East Java. His theory, however, puts the patan, Nik Man bin Nik Mat, yang nenek moyang- adalah di Jawa Timur. Teorinya, bagaimanapun, believed to have built the Kampung Laut mosque. Kampung Laut Mosque as a much older mosque nya, Raja Iman, dipercayai membina masjid Kam- meletakkan Masjid Kampung Laut sebagai masjid Raja Iman was said to have been a former Srivijayan than the Great Mosque of Demak in Indonesia. pung Laut. Raja Iman dikatakan sebagai mantan yang jauh lebih tua daripada Masjid Besar Demak Prince, who had come from Java to the southern Pangeran Sriwijaya, yang datang dari Jawa ke pe- di Indonesia. shores of Siam or now known as southern Thai- The third theory was submitted by Ustaz Abdullah sisir selatan Siam atau sekarang dikenal sebagai land. It was also being told that while the Prince bin Muhammad from Kampung Langgar in Kota selatan Thailand. Juga diberitahu bahawa ketika Teori ketiga dikemukakan oleh Ustaz Abdullah bin was sailing in the waters off the coast of Kelantan, Bharu. He believed that the mosque was built by Putera sedang berlayar di perairan lepas pantai Muhammad dari Kampung Langgar di Kota Bha- his ship was hit and damaged by a raging storm. two Muslim saints or ‘Wali’s’ from Java. They were; Kelantan, kapalnya terkena dan rusak akibat ribut ru. Dia percaya bahawa masjid itu dibina oleh dua He then decided to anchor off the coast to explore Wali Songo, who was known as Suan Giri and the yang marak. Dia kemudian memutuskan untuk orang suci Muslim atau ‘Wali’ dari Jawa. Mereka the area and had apparently stumbled upon a vil- other Wali was known as Sunan Bonang. Both berlabuh di pantai untuk menjelajahi kawasan itu adalah; Wali Songo, yang dikenali sebagai Suan lage of Kampung Laut. He had then instructed his came to the area to study Islam under the tute- dan nampaknya telah menemui sebuah kampung Giri dan Wali yang lain dikenali sebagai Sunan Bo- followers to build a simple and small shelter, which lage of Sheikh Mohamad Saman. The Sheikh had di Kampung Laut. Dia kemudian memerintahkan nang. Kedua-duanya datang ke daerah itu untuk was the actual form of the mosque. instructed them to build a mosque with four main para pengikutnya untuk membina tempat perlind- belajar Islam di bawah jagaan Syeikh Mohamad posts and 12-perimetre columns, a classic feature ungan yang sederhana dan kecil, yang merupakan Saman. Syeikh telah memerintahkan mereka untuk of the Javanese and Sumatran mosque architec- bentuk sebenar masjid. membangun sebuah masjid dengan empat tiang ture. utama dan 12 tiang perimetre, ciri klasik seni bina masjid Jawa dan Sumatera. 47

the use of Singgora roof tiles used as the roof covering © ATSA Architects penggunaan jubin atap Singgora digunakan sebagai penutup atap © ATSA Architects view of the multi-tiered roof of the mosque and the clay tiles © ATSA Architects the timber decorative balustrade © ATSA Architects pemandangan bumbung masjid bertingkat dan jubin tanah liat © ATSA Architects pagar hiasan kayu © ATSA Architects view of the multi-tiered roof of the mosque and the clay tiles © ATSA Architects pemandangan bumbung masjid bertingkat dan jubin tanah liat © ATSA Architects classical characteristic pillars © ATSA Architects the main prayer hall © ATSA Architects the main prayer hall © ATSA Architects tiang yang berciri klasikal © ATSA Architects ruang solat utama © ATSA Architects ruang solat utama © ATSA Architects 48

3.3 : THE VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE | 3.3 : ARKITEK VERNAKULAR The present mosque was restored during the reign built on the north side of the mosque. Masjid yang ada sekarang dikembalikan semasa lintang’ juga merupakan bangunan tambahan of Kelantan’s Sultan Mahmud, a Sultan who had pemerintahan Sultan Mahmud Kelantan, seorang yang dibina di sebelah utara masjid. ruled in the 20th century. The three-tier pyramidal The sturdy mosque structure is built entirely of Sultan yang telah memerintah pada abad ke-20. roof sits on a square layout of the main mosque Chengal hardwood found locally and was built us- Atap piramid tiga tingkat terletak di susun atur Struktur masjid yang kukuh dibina sepenuhn- building. The topmost roof tier is lifted to allow ing traditional construction techniques and meth- bangunan masjid utama. Tingkat atap paling atas ya dari kayu keras Chengal yang terdapat di da- for clerestory windows and was surmounted with ods without the use of any metal nails. Apart from diangkat untuk memungkinkan tingkap clerestory lam negara dan dibina menggunakan teknik dan a wooden pinnacle known as ‘buah betong’ mo- the newly added facilities, such as the ablution dan dipenuhi dengan puncak kayu yang dikenal kaedah pembinaan tradisional tanpa mengguna- tif. The roof covering materials has been replaced area, washrooms and shops, the mosque boasts a sebagai motif ‘buah betong’. Bahan penutup bum- kan paku logam. Selain dari kemudahan yang baru with the newer singgora roof tiles. tall minaret made of timber. The minaret was for- bung telah diganti dengan jubin bumbung sing- ditambah, seperti kawasan wuduk, bilik cuci dan merly located in the centre of ‘balai lintang’ before gora yang lebih baru. kedai, masjid ini mempunyai menara tinggi yang The main prayer hall is raised above 1 metre (3 feet) it was moved to the west of the mosque near the diperbuat daripada kayu. Menara itu sebelumnya from the ground by the post and beam construc- mihrab. Ruang solat utama dinaikkan di atas 1 meter (3 terletak di pusat ‘balai lintang’ sebelum dipindah- tion. It is entirely enclosed with paneled timber kaki) dari tanah melalui tiang dan balok. Seluruh- kan ke sebelah barat masjid berhampiran mihrab. walls punctured with windows and doors through- The mosque was built devoid of any excessive nya dilapisi dengan dinding kayu berlapis dengan out the prayer hall. The annex covered veranda ornamentation, with the exception of the Java- tingkap dan pintu di seluruh ruang solat. Lampiran Masjid ini dibangun tanpa hiasan yang berlebi- wing known as the Serambi Besar was added and nese-influenced carved timber mihrab. Fine intri- beranda sayap beranda yang dikenal sebagai Ser- han, kecuali mihrab kayu berukir yang dipengaruhi placed in front of the prayer hall, which is lower cate carving works are found in the wooden brack- ambi Besar ditambahkan dan diletakkan di depan oleh orang Jawa. Hasil ukiran yang rumit terdapat in height than the mosque proper. Another wing ets of the main timber posts and the finial of its ruang solat, yang tingginya lebih rendah daripada di pendakap kayu tiang kayu utama dan bahagian called the ‘balai lintang’ is also an annex building pinnacle as well as its roof eaves. masjid yang sesuai. Sayap lain yang disebut ‘balai akhir puncaknya serta atap atapnya. 49

3.4 : THE RESTORATION EFFORTS | 3.4 : KESAN PEMULIHARAAN view of the side wall made of solid timber © ATSA Architects The mosque was previously located on the banks pandangan sisi tepi dinding yang diperbuat dari kayu © ATSA Architects of the Kelantan River, which was on the verge of collapse after a massive flood which had severely view of the wood carved balustrade at the open veranda © ATSA Architects affected the floor and the soil conditions below the pandangan dari ruang terbuka veranda © ATSA Architects mosque building. As a result, the Malaysian Histor- ical Society initiated a restoration effort to rescue 50 the historic mosque building from any irreversible damage that may cause the mosque to collapse. The mosque was dismantled in 1967 by a group of local Kelantanese carpenters and was reconstruct- ed in its exact original form. After the completion of the restoration, the Kampung Laut Mosque was officially opened in 1970. In 1988, another major renovation work took place where a veranda with several other facilities was added. Masjid ini sebelumnya terletak di tebing Sungai Kelantan, yang berada di ambang runtuh setelah banjir besar yang menjejaskan lantai dan keadaan tanah di bawah bangunan masjid. Akibatnya, Per- satuan Sejarah Malaysia memulakan usaha pemu- lihan untuk menyelamatkan bangunan masjid bersejarah dari kerosakan yang tidak dapat dipu- lihkan yang boleh menyebabkan masjid tersebut runtuh. Masjid ini dibongkar pada tahun 1967 oleh sekum- pulan tukang kayu tempatan dan dibina semula dalam bentuk aslinya. Setelah selesai pemulihan, Masjid Kampung Laut dibuka secara rasmi pada tahun 1970. Pada tahun 1988, satu lagi kerja pengubahsuaian besar berlaku di mana beranda dengan beberapa kemudahan lain ditambahkan. the wooden veranda © ATSA Architects veranda kayu © ATSA Architects