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Don Bosco School (Salesian Sisters) Inc. First Semester: General Chemistry I PAASCU ACCREDITED A.Y. 2020-2021 PERFORMANCE TASK IN GENERAL CHEMISTRY I ATOM ECONOMY Submitted by: Jessie Olaño Christine Relevo Sophia Sombrano Christopher Ventosa Gabriel Verzosa Submitted to: Ms. Angela May T. Mendoza Subject Teacher

I.INTRODUCTION Copper sulfate or Cupric Sulfate (CuSO4) is a combination of copper and sulfur. It is an inorganic compound that can kill bacteria, algae, roots, plants, snails, and fungi. Its color ranges from grayish white in powder from to blue color in the form of crystal. Copper Sulfate is commonly used in cosmetics, drugs, and as a food additive, however, it can be toxic to humans and the environment depending on the copper content. II. PRODUCTION PROCESS Copper sulfate can be made through the process of neutralization reaction. In neutralization reaction, the acid and base react to form water and salt. When a solution is neutralized, salts are formed from equal weights of acid and base. Copper (II) hydroxide and sulfuric acid when mixed in equimolar amounts would form copper sulfate. When you allow the solution to evaporate without heating, it would produce a bright blue copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate crystals (CuSO4·5H2O). If sulfate pentahydrate is heated strongly, the hydration waters would drive off and it would result in a fine white powder or anhydrous copper (II) sulfate (CuSO4).

III. Atom Economy Analysis: Finding the Atom Economy of producing copper sulphate CuO + H₂SO₄ -> CuSO₄ + H₂O Finding the A.E = molecular mass of the desired product/molecular mass of all reactants x 100 Molecular mass of CuO = 37 Molecular mass of H₂SO₄ = 50 Molecular mass of CuSO₄ = 77 (77 / [37 + 50]) x 100 (77 / 87) x 100 0.885 x 100 88.5% The atom economy of producing copper sulfate is 88.5% CuO + H₂SO₄ -> CuSO₄ + H₂O The atom economy of producing copper sulfate by reacting cupric oxide and sulfuric is 88.5% This process has a high atom economy and is therefore an efficient way to make copper sulfate. It uses minimal resources (using only 1 piece of cupric oxide and sulfuric acid) and produces only 1 by-product being water which can be profitable to whoever will make copper sulfate using this reaction. This reaction since it has a high atom economy makes little waste materials that have to be disposed of since the materials are renewable and the by product can be used elsewhere. In conclusion this reaction, even though it doesn’t have a 100% atom economy is a very efficient way to make copper sulfate since its atom economy is 88.5%, its reactants are renewable, and its only by product is water which is useful elsewhere

IV. ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE Copper Sulfate has a big role, help and importance in our society. Some products containing copper sulfate can be used in organic agriculture such as fertilizer, pest control, and water treatments. Agricultural applications is one of the most common uses of Copper Sulfate, having numerous functions throughout the care and management of crops. It is often used as a fertilizer, increasing the copper content of the soil. This can help to correct peaty and acidic soils in order to create a hospitable climate for plant growth. And it can also be used to address mildew, leaf spots, blight and apple scabs on field fruit trees, nut trees, and vegetables. Copper sulfate is used as a drying agent in the anhydrous form, as an additive for fertilizers and foods, and several industrial applications such as textiles, leather, wood, batteries, ink, petroleum, paint, and metal, among others. It is also used as an animal nutritional supplement. Copper sulfate is a versatile, flexible, and effective compound perfect in countless applications given it’s different uses in different kinds of ways and forms.

V.IMPLICATIONS Based on the U.S. EPA, they considered that copper sulfate to be moderately toxic by ingestion. The higher the volume of copper sulfate that is exposed, the higher the chances of experiencing side effects such as nausea and vomiting (High exposure may lead to worse injuries) Humans may be exposed to copper in drinking water. Volunteers consumed copper filtered water at concentrations ranging from 0-12 mg / L. There were reports of nausea beginning at 4 mg / L and vomiting at 6 mg / L. We can see here that as the volume ingested increases, the more solutions containing copper sulfate raised the mass for nausea and vomiting. Avoid high exposure. Scientists measured the total copper ion in human blood serum after ingesting copper sulfate. Mean blood copper levels of 287 µg / L Cu were correlated with moderate toxicity and 798 µg / L Cu were correlated with serious toxicity. Due to the harmful effects of Copper sulfate, it should be properly stored in a tightly sealed container. When using Copper sulfate, a person must avoid repeated exposure when handling the product. Safety glasses, chemical-resistant gloves, lab coat, and respiratory equipment shall be worn. Always read and follow the label of a product, especially when applying pesticides containing copper sulfate. Products containing copper sulfate have signal words that range from caution to danger. The signal word refers to the combined toxicity of the active and other ingredients in the product. A sudden increase in the manufacturing of Copper sulfate, may be helpful especially to those who regularly use it. However, the usage of it may be abused due to the huge amount being processed. On the other hand, a sudden decrease in the manufacturing of Copper sulfate may affect particularly those who utilize it for agricultural purposes.

Significance of Copper Sulfate. (2017). World of Chemicals. Retrieved from https:// www.worldofchemicals.com/578/chemistry- articles/significance-of- coppersulfate.html#:~:text=Copper%20sulfate%20is%20use d%20in,vital%20role%20in%20painting%20glas ses. National Center for Biotechnology Information (2020). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 24462, Copper sulfate. Retrieved October 8, 2020 from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Coppersulfate. Boone, C., Gervais, J., Luukinen, B., Buhl, K., & Stone, D., (2012). Copper Sulfate Technical Fact Sheet. National Pesticide Information Center, Oregon State University Extension Services. Retrieved from http://npic.orst.edu/factsheets/archive/cuso4tech.html. ChemAlert (2016). Copper sulfate. Retrieved from https://www.nyrstar.com/~/media/Files/N/Nyrstar/ sustainability/safety-data-sheets-australia- english/Nyrstar%20Hobart%20- %20Copper%20Sulphate.pdf. Applications: Copper Compounds - Copper Sulphate. (2019). Retrieved from Copper.org website: https://www.copper.org/resources/properties/compounds/ copper_sulfate01.html Copper Sulfate Technical Fact Sheet. (n.d.). Retrieved from npic.orst.edu website: http:// npic.orst.edu/factsheets/archive/cuso4tech.html#:~:text=Co pper%20sulfate%20is%20used%20as

Jessie Olaño - Introduction and References Christine Relevo - Economic Importance and Layout artist Sophia Sombrano - Production Process and Implications Christopher Ventosa - Computation and Analysis Gabriel Verzosa - Implications