WITCH HUNT

แมม่ ดคนสุดท้ำย แอนนาได้ถูกกล่าวหาว่าเป็นแม่มดและถูกตัดสินด้วยการประหารด้วย การตัดหวั หลังจากการถกู ทรมานเพ่อื ใหเ้ ธอยอมรบั สารภาพ เธอคือแม่ มดคนสุดท้ายที่ถูกประหารชีวิต หลังจากนั้นก็ไม่มีการประหาร ประชาชนในข้อหาว่าเป็นแม่มดอีกเลย เมื่อศตวรรษแห่งการล่าแม่มด ผ่านพ้นไปได้มีการศึกษาเรื่องราวประวัติศาสตร์นี้อย่างจริงจังและใน เดือนสิงหาคม ปี ค.ศ.2008 รัฐบาลประเทศสวิสเซอร์แลนด์ได้มีการ ประกาศให้แอนนาเป็นผู้บริสุทธิ์ หลังการตายของเธอที่ผ่านไปกว่าสอง ศตวรรษ และมกี ารต้งั พิพธิ ภัณฑเ์ ก่ียวกบั เรื่องราวของเธอขึ้น WITCH HUNT การล่าแมม่ ด - 43 -

ปจั จบุ นั การล่าแมม่ ดนั้นเป็นคาพูดที่ถูกใช้ในการอธิบายการแข่งขันใน การที่จะทาให้ตัวเองดูดีกว่าคนอื่น ยกตัวอย่างเช่น การทาร้ายหรือ คุกคาม ผ้อู ่ืนโดยอ้างว่าทาเพื่อสถาบัน แต่จริง ๆ แล้วนั่นคือการทาให้ ตัวเองดูมีค่ามากกว่าคนอื่น ปัจจุบันการล่าแม่มดนั้นมีอยู่หลาย รูปแบบ ทง้ั ในโลก ออนไลน์ และทว่ั ไป การล่าแม่มดในโลกออนไลน์ นั้นมีหลายกรณีเช่นการที่มีคนออกมา แสดง ความคิดเห็นออนไลน์ ในพื้นที่ส่วนตัว แต่กลับมีคนบางกลุ่ม มองว่าการกระทาแบบนี้เป็นการดูหมิ่นสถาบัน ของคนอื่นจึงทาให้ผู้ แสดงความคิดเห็นถูกโจมตีและกดดันใน หลายๆด้าน เช่น ใช้คาพูด หยาบคาย กดดันในเรื่องการงาน เอาประวัติของบุคคล ๆ นั้นมา เผยแพร่เพื่อสร้างความอับอาย จนส่งผลให้ชีวิตของบุคคลที่แสดง ความคิดเห็นไม่ปลอดภัย เนื่องจากถูกนาตัวตนที่แท้จริงไปเผยแพร่ ทาให้เกิดการดักทาร้าย กดดนั ใหอ้ อกจากงาน จากที่กล่าวไปทาให้เห็นว่าการล่าแม่มดในสมัยนี้นั้น แทบไม่ตางจาก การล่าแมม่ ดในสมัยก่อนเลย เพราะมีผลกระทบทั้งร่างกาย และจิตใจ ของท้งั ฝา่ ยผูเ้ สยี หายและครอบครวั WITCH HUNT การลา่ แม่มด - 44 -

กำรลำ่ แมม่ ด ในปัจจบุ นั





Contents Witch 01 Why? 04 Is it a witch hunt The beginning 05 Of the witch hunt The great 07 Witch hunt in history Malleus Maleficarum 12 One of the most dangerous books in the world

16 Who ? is going to be a witch 18 Witch inquiry 28 Execution of the witch 36 The conclusion of the witch hunt 38 The case of the famous witch 42 The last witch 44 Witch hunting in today’s society



WITCH

WITCH The witch has been around since prehistoric times. Especially in The word \"witch\" comes from ancient Greece the Wizards are the Anglo-Saxon word \"wit\". respected and regarded as (Anglo-Saxons) means to know or knowledgeable persons. Herbal want to know, so the word medicine for the treatment of \"witch\" means people who want disease Advisor of the king to learn. The knowledge here Wizards and witches are also refers to the supernatural considered to be the medium mystery, while the wizard or between humans and gods. The \"Wizard\" means magician. people of the old days gave great respect to wizards and witches. WITCH HUNT การล่าแมม่ ด - 02 -

After decades, the image of the witch has deteriorated, and it begins to turn into something terrible. Especially when Horace Flaccus (Quintus Horatius Flaccus) Roman poet. Two witches named Kadinia and Sagana are mentioned. In which he described these two witches as “ It's a horrible old woman, with teeth protruding chin, pale face, dirty hair. Without shoes, she was collecting herbs in the cemetery and tearing the lamb apart with her bare hands. They made the occult by using candles to mold the image of the victim. And pleaded for the Goddess of Hell and a serpent-haired demon to attack their enemies. Then many snakes and hell dogs appeared. The demons ” howled. The wax statues were thrown in the fiery fire. WITCH HUNT การลา่ แมม่ ด - 03 -

Why is it a witch hunt? So when someone is sick Natural disaster occurred Or Originally in Europe, witches have died without knowing were considered magicians why To create hatred for the who helped to heal diseases witch, the church began to and bring good luck. proclaim that the whole incident was caused by the But when the church had witch who cast the curse and prospered to maintain its said, dominion. The church is therefore trying to eliminate The witch is a symbol of other beliefs besides the evil and is a worshiper of teachings of the papacy, such Satan. And conspired with as atheists. Do not believe in Satan for wanting to the Bible Including witches, destroy the Church with because the belief that Christians. witches are superpowers is contrary to the teachings of Christianity that believe that supernatural powers are represented only by God. WITCH HUNT การล่าแมม่ ด - 04 -

The beginning of the witch hunt In the 13th century, a court judgment was made to eliminate the Albolentians or Albi people. South of France With this judgment supported by the Pope. Which the church accused The townspeople are satanic witches who want to destroy the Church and Christians. This was the beginning of the witch hunt. WITCH HUNT การล่าแม่มด - 05 -



The Great Witch Hunt in History

The great witch hunt took Later, on December 5, 1489, place in medieval Europe. Or Pope Innocent VIII (Innocent the so-called \"dark age\" VIII) was given to the papacy. during the 15th–17th century, Issue a seal Declared the which was the era under the punishment of the wizards, Church's rule and was also sorcerers, and proclaimed the era when the church was the use of magic a serious most prosperous. The church offense Including prohibiting has a desire to eradicate any lay priests from interfering other beliefs that conflict with the work of the inquiry with the church group With this case called teachings. With these other cults called heretics Heretical Depravities Besides, two Dominican judges were authorized to investigate: Archbishop Heinrich Kramer and Jacob Spenerker both later wrote a book entitled “Malleus Maleficarum.\" WITCH HUNT การลา่ แมม่ ด - 08 -

In addition to this, the church has justified the execution of witches as they are done in the name of God. This is because the Bible's excuse has been quoted as saying that “ ”Thou shalt not suffer a witch to live. WITCH HUNT การล่าแมม่ ด - 09 -

After the popularity of witch hunts in Europe, it was considered one of the most popular activities that people at the time did. The witch hunt also began to spread throughout the world, such as Papua New Guinea, Africa, America, India, Saudi Arabia. Until there is a law against witchcraft As a result, witch hunting is legal. And most of the convictions take place in the courts. WITCH HUNT การล่าแมม่ ด - 10 -

WITCH HUNT การลา่ แม่มด - 11 -

Malleus One of the most dangerous

Maleficarum books in the world.



Malleus Maleficarum One of the most dangerous books in the world. Malleus Maleficarum is a Latin book. Written by two Minigans, Pastor Heinrich. About 200,000 words, Kramer and Jacob Sprayer, translated in English as Hammer of Witches, this book can be considered a handbook for witch hunting. The book has been published 28 times. Much of the content in this book is written based on the witchcraft imagination, based mainly on folklore. The content of the book consists of three parts, one. Talks about magic and witches, part two teaches you how to find and investigate witches yourself. And the third part Discusses how to deal with and punish witches. In the book, the judges of only eight women are recorded. But since the book is attached to the papal instrument, it is highly credible and has the absolute power to suppress the witches. The book has been used in many countries to execute the accused of witchcraft, and for over 200 years, millions of innocent people have died. Later on, this playbook was categorized as one of the evilest and dangerous books on the planet ever made. And many have commented that this book should not exist in the world. WITCH HUNT การลา่ แม่มด - 15 -

Who is going to be a WITCH

Most of the people accused The rules for determining of being witches were who are witches are often women. Because it is based on outward believed that the female appearance, for example, gender is the weaker sex, it those who are ugly, sick and is easier for women to be beautiful women are often possessed by Satan than implied that they have sold men. But there are also their souls to Satan for In men accused of being exchange for a beautiful wizards. figure Most of the people who accuse them are those who envy their beauty. And young men who were rejected by them. Other groups of those who were often slandered were homosexuals. People who are solitary or have a different lifestyle. Those seen as heretics or hostile to the church would also be accused of being witches. But the group who is most often suspected of being witches is the elderly. WITCH HUNT การลา่ แม่มด - 16 -



WITCH INQUIRY

Witch Inquiry When events occur, such as droughts, floods, and epidemics, villagers will begin to mobilize to find suspects. In an allegation of a witch, no evidence is required. Just the accusations from the people of the village Or small things like keeping a dog or cat in the house Know herbs Or even a widow, then considered that a witch, Therefore, there are many innocent people accused of witches. In the process of the inquiry When a suspect is accused of to find out if the person is a being a witch The investigator witch or not. It was a very will hold the person, tie his brutal process and could not hands and feet before throwing be used as proof of it overboard To prove to be a evidence. But people in those witch or not It is believed that days and they trusted them witches are very light because very much. Or, even if they they are not humans. Make the disagree, they cannot deny witch able to fly, Therefore, to these methods. Because they prove that if it floated from the would be accused of being a water, that person was a witch. witch as well But if drowned, it means that it is

Innocent, but even if the Sometimes the suspect was suspect drowned The caught and weighed on a investigator waits until he is scale to determine his body sure he has not faked weight. But the body weight drowning to bring himself out will be light or normal, it of the water. As a result, in depends on the tester how this process, many innocent to get the results. Of course, people died from drowning. innocent people were always Anyone who survives this branded as evidence will be brought to a witches. Especially the poor court of inquiry. and those whom the tester and the court don't like. WITCH HUNT การลา่ แม่มด - 16 -

Catching the water to prove it's a Weighing in court witch Searching for the Devil's Footprint

After the suspect was Gather in groups to brought to court The perform rituals, but if the suspect will be suspect denies all questioned about the accusations The judge will magic he uses. order the investigator to Relationship with Satan strip off the suspect And performing various completely. And then to rituals, besides, the shave every hair and hair suspects were given on the suspect's body to names of other witches find the \"devil mark\" they knew. It is believed that the witch will not live in solitude but will stay. “Devil Marks” (Telltale Marks) are marks left by the devil on the witch's body when the devil makes a contract with the witch. Devil marks can be divided into two types: male devil's devil's mark, moles, blemishes, warts and birthmarks, and female devil's marks are Flies and marks

When examining the suspect's body, various traces that resemble the appearance of a demon mark. The court will order the investigator to investigate. In which the mark on the body is a demon mark or not There will be a needle or spike pierced at different points. Which is believed to be a demon mark on the suspect's body If stabbed, the suspect shows no pain or no bleeding, the spot is a devil's mark, but the suspect is showing signs of pain The investigator would still not believe the suspect was hurt. And will assume that the suspect feigned pain, Therefore, the torture will continue until the investigators are satisfied and the torture will end. This method of examining the devil's footprint is written in the Malleus book Maleficarum as well As a result of this test, some of the suspects were subsequently disabled or died.

In the investigation and punishment, There is no need for any evidence to be used in any judgment. Only the confession from the suspect was sufficient in the judgment. Therefore, investigators have the right to torture suspects freely and in a variety of ways, such as nailing, pinching, punching, the firing of iron on the body. The witch was stripped down until the body was completely naked and hung with the pulley. And weighted on the feet to pull the hanging body, etc. for the suspect to confess Due to this brutal torture, many suspects confess that they are innocent because of the suffering.

For example, the mayor of Bamberg, who wrote a letter to his daughter. Before being executed later In the body of the letter, it shows the suffering as a result of the investigation and punishment of a suspect accused of being a witch. “ My dear son listens to my father's confession ” before he dies. It's all a fictitious lie, oh! God Please help my child The child was forced to speak out for fear of torture. Which the child has endured for a long time No one would survive this torture without confessing. No matter how good a good person is, I must confess that I am a witch, a wizard ... so that the blood does not flow through fingernails, toenails, and every part of the body.!!

After the suspect confessed that he was a witch. The court will make the sentence. Even though the suspect is reluctant to confess despite his innocence, the end of the witchcraft is the only punishment: death.



Execution of the witch

In the handbook of the witch burning of the whole body hunt, various methods of execution of witches are From the historical record The identified, and Biblical method of burning alive is the most teachings are quoted so that popular method of execution of the execution of those witches. Although this method is innocent people is not permitted under the laws of appropriate. By the method England and the United States. But of execution that was very this is the most popular method of popular in those days Is as execution, especially in Germany. follows

This method of execution was Being a witch and being punished by originally used to punish burning alive Because it is believed criminals, rebels, and sinners, that The flame can help cleanse the but in fact, this method of spirit of the Witch can purify cremation was used to execute witches dating back to about The execution process is quite 350 BC. It is recorded that A simple. After the confession to be a woman named \"Theories of witch They would be tied to the Lemos\" of Athens, Greece, was pillar of execution, perhaps a stiletto accused of or a giant cross. From time to time, the victim is given hold of the cross. After that, the offense will be announced to the public. When the declaration is completed The staff will set firewood around the fire and slowly burn the victim's body. In some cases, a bag of gunpowder may be placed around the victim's neck. When the fire reaches the gunpowder bag, it will cause an explosion, tearing the victim's body into pieces, or if they have been killed before. The authorities then took the victim's dead body to be burned in public. And when it is finished burning, the remaining ashes will be sprinkled in high water or strong winds Until it disappeared as though it did not exist WITCH HUNT การล่าแม่มด - 31 -

Hanging Hanging is another of the In the view of medical most popular executions after science, hanging can be both burning alive. Because there is a benevolent killing, as the no need to use anything victim dies in a split second. other than a rope Officers Or it could be a brutal killing typically hang their prey if the rope strapping position against a tree, pole, or is not correct. Because it will platform that resembles a still have some blood that raised platform. So that can pass to the brain As a people can see the execution. result, the victim will still be In this execution, a black bag conscious while being may be placed over the strangled by the rope. This witch's head before makes the time of torture in execution, to reduce the which the victim hangs in gruesome scenes. Due to the midair for even longer When suffering expression of the the victim is dead and victim during the time of centered Most of their bodies being hanged were burned down. WITCH HUNT การลา่ แมม่ ด - 32 -

Stoning The execution of the stone For villagers to throw at the was very tortured. It is often victim If any villagers refuse used by suspects who refuse to throw the victim The to claim they are witches and villager is considered to be seek their innocence. These the same as the witch. Most prey will be tied to a large people, when they receive a wooden stake in the middle stone, will throw a hard hit of the courtyard While the on the victim's body to staff would summon villagers protect themselves. to stand and watch and give 1-2 stones to each villager. WITCH HUNT การล่าแมม่ ด - 33 -

Using a large stone over it to die Pressing a large stone is one step of torture for the suspect to confess. By using large stones over your body and adding weight. By continuing to increase the number of stone tortures, and due to such torture methods, many victims die from this torture. Drown This is a popular method of execution used by witch hunters. It often occurred during the investigation rather than execution. The suspect arrested the suspect, tied his hands, feet, and by the river. WITCH HUNT การล่าแมม่ ด - 34 -

Execution by axe Although there are many different ways to execute This method was very witches, one of the most popular in the United States important aspects of witch during the years 1732-1810, execution is. If not the the execution was cut with execution of the witch in an ax. Or chop the victim's burning alive The witch's bodies into pieces, after spiritless body had to be which they will bring these burned, leaving it burning to dead bodies to be burned ashes. Absolutely prohibited to and destroyed. bury After that, the ashes are to be sprinkled in a turbulent stream or drifted in the nearest open air. Because there is a belief that Failure to do this, other witches will secretly collect the ashes for later use as magic materials. WITCH HUNT การลา่ แม่มด - 35 -

C O N C L The witch hunt spanned over 200 years, and until the 17th century, science and medicine U advanced and the reasons for the events were able to explain. People began to gain more knowledge and reasoning. The hunt and execution of the S witches began to decline, and the resistance of the witch hunt began. Another reason for the decline in I witch hunts was: The church has decreased its dominion. As Christianity began to dissolve, some Christians began to doubt the teachings of the O church and oppose witch hunting. N of a witch hunt

In 1610, the Netherlands was the first country to announce an end to witch-hunting. Later, other European countries also announced the cessation of witch hunts. Until the witch hunt finally dissipated. As a result of this witch hunt, millions of innocent people were killed for witchcraft. More than 200,000 people have died across Europe, with the country where witches burned the most. Germany There were at least 100,000 deaths. WITCH HUNT การลา่ แม่มด - 37 -

Joan of Arc The Joan of Arc (Jehanne Darc), the case heroine of France and a saint in of the the Roman Catholic Church. A Famous young French woman who witch disguises herself as a male warrior and leads the French armed forces. When she was only 17 years old, she had a vision to hear a command from the Lord that She will liberate the French in the Hundred Years War between France and England.

On May 8, 1429, she was victorious by leading the French invasion of Orleans in just 9 days. Orleans \"and became a historical symbol of France. Later, the British forces captured On the day of execution, she held a Joan of Arc and accused her of cross in her hand. And shouted being a heretic and a witch \"Jesus\" as the last word. The pretending to be the Lord's execution of Joan of Arc brought message. She was sentenced to the French together to fight the death by burning alive. At the age of British until victory. only 19 years 24 years after Joan of Arc's execution, Pope Calligtus III brought her case to trial again. Before concluding that she was innocent “ ”and free from all contamination, in 1920, Pope Benedict XV appointed her to be (Saint Joan of Arc) One who has firm faith in the Lord WITCH HUNT การล่าแม่มด - 39 -

Salem Witch The Salem Witch is a harrowing More than 100 people have been history of America. Known as arrested and charged with witchcraft, including both women ( Salem Witch Trials ) and men. Therefore a special court has been set up for the trial “ ”The incident began when a young girl in of this case The trial used torture to make the suspect confessed, the village began having a such as strangling the suspect seizure. Screaming that it had been until it began to bleed from the stabbed. And pain in the body Later, two nose. By taking the suspects to other girls had the same symptoms. It was sleep and then slowly placing therefore concluded that all 3 children rocks over them, 19 were were subject to the witch's curse. After it convicted of witches and were was concluded that it was the witch's executed by hanging. Five people curse. The priest then begins a hunt for in detention, including one infant, the witch, with the children to point out died in prison. And there are many the suspects. Both beggars and homeless who have been tortured to death. women A sick old woman, a black female slave, and the young women of the city began to be evicted one by one. Causing all the townspeople to fear And led each other to point out the witch in order to get himself out of the guilty WITCH HUNT การลา่ แม่มด - 40 -

In 1706, the case was restored and the accused in the Salem witch case. And a third of the girls who were caught by the witch's curse. Came out and confessed that he was lying And false witness Claiming that all are temptations from Satan Until the matter reached ในปจั จุบนั เมอื งซาเลมกลายเปน็ Governor William Phipps, a The center of magician special court was enthusiasts, the most suspended. And set up a new popular tourist destination is Supreme Court and not to the cemetery of the city. The bring evidence memorial of the witch hunt called Evidence of dreams of 1692 is a courtyard where and visions was used until in 19 trees are planted instead May 1693 all suspects were of those who were executed found guilty. And all released by hanging by the cemetery. Governor Sir William Phips WITCH HUNT การลา่ แม่มด - 41 -

The last witch to be executed by beheading in Europe takes place in a small village in western Switzerland. She was named Molis village in Glarus. In 1782, she was named Anna Göldi, a 48-year-old pretty middle-aged woman. Anna was convicted of a witch and murdered. Poison The daughter of her employer, who is only eight years old. As Anna is a domestic maid, she is responsible for taking the medicine to the employer's daughter to drink. But when the condition of her employer's daughter worsened and died. Making her a suspect But in the deep Many know that Anna has a deep relationship with her employer, Tschudi, with whom he already has a wife. And believed that he himself knew that If this had been known to someone, it would not benefit him or her and his social position. So he made a plan to get rid of her. WITCH HUNT การลา่ แมม่ ด - 42 -