Soronika

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cvjb K‡ib| 1950 mv‡j wbwLj cvwK¯Ívb IqvW©mIqv_© cÖeÜ cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq Ges 1952 mv‡j cwðge½, evg©v I ce~ ©cvwK¯Ívb †ivUvixi mey Y© RqšÍx Dcj‡ÿ¨ GKwU cÖeÜ cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq wZwb weRqx nb| 1951 mv‡j wm‡jU Gg.wmK‡jR †_‡K wZwb ZrKvjxb c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b †iKW© b¤^i †c‡q AvB. G cixÿvq cÖ_g nIqvi weij †MŠie AR©bK‡ib| wZwb Bs‡iRx mvwn‡Z¨ we‡kl Kw… Z‡Z¡i mwnZ we.G. cixÿv I cÖ_g wefv‡M cÖ_g nb| 1955 mv‡j XvKvwek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K Gg.G. cvk K‡ib| Rbve gywnZ QvÎ ivRbxwZ‡Z memgqB cÖMwZkxj avivq Ae¯’vb †bb| 1948mv‡j ivóª fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi wm‡j‡U wZwb cÖwZwµqvkxj‡`i Øviv wbM„nxZ nb| 1949 mv‡j KwZcq cÖwZwµqvkxj†bZv wm‡j‡Ui giy vixPv`u K‡j‡Ri bvg cwieZ©‡b eªZx n‡j Rbve gywnZ Qv·`i g‡a¨ Zv‡`i weiæ‡× cÖwZ‡iva M‡o†Zv‡jb| e‡qv‡R¨ô‡`i g‡a¨ GB cÖwZ‡iv‡a †bZZ… ¡ †`b Zvi wcZv GW‡fv‡KU Ave`jy nvwdR I Aa¨vcK †gŠjfx†gvnv¤§` BmnvK| 1950 mv‡j wm‡j‡U mv¤úª`vwqK `v½v cÖwZ‡iv‡a MwVZ nq kvwšÍ wgkb Ges gwy nZ wQ‡jb †mBwgk‡bi GKRb m`m¨| 1950 mv‡j wm‡j‡U cÖwZôv cvq cÖ_g Amv¤úª`vwqK QvÎ cÖwZôvb| wm‡j‡U wkÿv KwgwUiAvnŸvqK wQ‡jb gywnZ| GB `vwq‡Z¡ _vKvKv‡j 1950 mv‡j †m‡Þ¤^i gv‡m XvKvq evi jvB‡eªix I dRjjy nK n‡jAbwy ôZ wkÿv m‡¤§jb Ges b‡f¤^i gv‡m XvKv evi jvB‡eªix‡Z g~jbxwZ we‡ivax MYZvwš¿K MÖvÛ Kb‡fbk‡b wZwb†bZ…‡Z¡i f~wgKv cvjb K‡ib| 1954 mv‡j mvaviY wbe©vP‡b wZwb hy³d«‡›Ui c‡ÿ GKRb mwµq Kg©x wQ‡jb| GBmv‡jB Rby gv‡m 92K avivq †K›`ªxq kvmb Rvwi n‡j wZwb cÖ_gev‡ii gZ KviveiY K‡ib| 1955 mv‡j †K›`ªxqivóªfvlv msMÖvg cwil‡`i wZwb wQ‡jb Ab¨Zg †bZv| cvwK¯Ívb miKvi ZLb Zv‡Kmn mvZRb †bZv‡K wbivcËvAvB‡b †MÖdZvi K‡i `Õy gvm †R‡j iv‡L| GK K_vq QvÎ ivRbxwZ, †jLvcov, ms¯‹…wZ PP©vI †Ljvayjvmn me©‡ÿ‡ÎwQj gwy n‡Zi wePiY| wZwb XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi mwjgyjøvn nj QvÎ msm‡` hMy ¥-m¤úv`K (1952-53) Gesmn-mfvcwZ (1954) c‡` wbe©vwPZ nb| Rbve gwy nZ D³ n‡ji †Uwbm I nwK `‡ji AwabvqK I fwjej I †UwbmÔeøÕy wQ‡jb| G QvovI wek¦we`¨vjq Rxe‡b wZwb GKRb mey ³vI cÖvewÜK wn‡m‡e mycwiwPZ wQ‡jb| 1956 mv‡j Rbve gywnZ cvwK¯Ívb wmwfj mvwf©m (wm.Gm.wc) wn‡m‡e Kg©Rxe‡bi m~Pbv K‡ib| PvKzix Rxe‡bcÖ_‡g A·‡dvW© wek¦we`¨vjq (1957-58) GK eQi Aa¨vqb K‡ib c‡i nvf©vW© wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K (1963-64) Ggwdj wWMÖx AR©b K‡ib| PvKzix Rxe‡b c~e© cvwK¯Ívb Ges c‡i cvwK¯Ív‡bi †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii ¸iæZ¡c~Y© `vwqZ¡ cvjbK‡ib| 1960-62 mv‡j wZwb cvwK¯Ívb AvU©m KvDwÝj XvKvi mvaviY m¤úv`K wn‡m‡e GKwU myß cÖwZôvb‡K mwµqK‡ib| wZwb 1960-61 mv‡j c~e© cvwK¯Ívb †¯úvU©m †dWv‡ik‡bi wµ‡KU KwgwUi mwPe wn‡m‡e G †`‡k wµ‡KUjx‡Mi cÖeZ©b K‡ib| wZwb 1960-61 mv‡j ce~ © cvwK¯Ívb †¯úvU©m †dWv‡ik‡bi A‰eZwbK †Kvlva¨ÿ I 1962-63mv‡j A‰eZwbK mvaviY m¤úv`K wQ‡jb| 1961-63 mv‡j wZwb cvwK¯Ív‡bi Awjw¤úK G‡mvwm‡qk‡bi Kvh©KixKwgwUi m`m¨ MVbZš¿ ms¯‹vi ch©‡`i m`m¨ wQ‡jb| cvwK¯Ívb miKv‡ii gwš¿mfv mwPevj‡qi Dc-mwPe _vKvKv‡j 1968 mv‡j Rbve gywnZ-Gi cÖ_g MÖš’ ÔDeputyCommissioner in East Pakistan' cÖKvwkZ nq| 1969 mv‡j ivR‰bwZK fwelr wb‡q ivIqvjwcwÛ‡Z ivDÛ†Uwej Kbdv‡i‡Ýi Kv‡R wZwb wbhy³ wQ‡jb| 1964-mv‡j wZwb cvwK¯Ívb cwiKíbv Kwgk‡bi Pxd I Dc-mwPe_vKvKv‡j ce~ © I cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi g‡a¨ ˆel‡g¨i Ici GKwU cÖwZ‡e`b cÖYqb K‡ib Ges cvwK¯Ívb RvZxq cwil‡`GwUB wQj GB wel‡q cÖ_g cÖwZ‡e`b (1966)| 1966 mv‡j cvwK¯Ívb miKvi Zvi mZZv, Kg©`ÿZv Ges †`k‡cÖ‡giRb¨ Zv‡K ÔZNgv‡q cvwK¯ÍvbÕ m¤§v‡b fw~ lZ K‡ib| 1969 mv‡j Rbve gywnZ Av‡gwiKvq cvwK¯Ívb `Z~ vev‡miA_©‰bwZK KvDwÝji c‡` †hvM †`b| 1971 mv‡j gvP© gv‡m gwy ³h×y ïiæ n‡j Rbve gwy nZ cvwK¯Ívb `~Zvev‡mi mv‡_m¤úK© wQbœ K‡i gwy RebMi miKv‡ii cÖwZ AvbyMZ¨ cÖKvk K‡ib| H mgq wZwb ÔZNgv‡q cvwK¯ÍvbÕ DcvwaI eR©bK‡ib| QvÎe¯’vq wZwb e½eÜz †kL gywR‡ei ms¯ú‡k© Av‡mb Ges Zviu B Wv‡K 1971 mv‡j gwy ³h‡y × Svu wc‡q c‡ob|evsjv‡`‡ki m~Pbvj‡Mœ †Rjvq MYZvwš¿K miKvi cÖwZôvI gnKzgv‡K †Rjvq DbœxZ Kivi wel‡q wZwb cÖavbgš¿xi Rb¨`ywU cÖwZ‡e`b cÖ¯‘Z K‡ib| wek¦e¨vsK I AvšÍR©vwZK g`y ªv Znwej, Bmjvgx Dbœqb e¨vsK I RvwZms‡Ni wewfbœ ms¯’vqwZwb GKRb cwiwPZ e¨w³Z¡| 1981 mv‡j ¯^‡ívbœZ †`‡ki cÖ_g RvwZmsN m‡¤§j‡bi wZwb wQ‡jb GKwU KwgwUi†Pqvig¨vb| 1983-84 mv‡j wZwb wQ‡jb GmKv‡ci †Pqvig¨vb| 1982-86 ch©šÍ wZwb †ivgwfwËK Z…Zxqwek¦‡dviv‡gi †Kv-†Pqvig¨vb wQ‡jb| DbœqbK‡g© KvwiMix mn‡hvwMZvi wel‡q AvšÍR©vwZK A½‡b wZwb GKRbAb¨Zg †kÖô w`Kcvj|

IqvwksUb `Z~ vev‡mi wZwb cÖ_g KUz bxwZwe`, whwb cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÿ cwiZ¨vM K‡i evsjv‡`‡ki c‡ÿ AvbMy Z¨cÖ`k©b K‡ib Ges wmGmwc Awdmvi‡`i g‡a¨ gwy RebMi miKv‡ii wZwb wQ‡jb me©‰R¨ô Kg©KZ©v| h³y iv‡óª RbvegywnZ msMÖv‡gi mgq evsjv‡`‡ki cÖwZwbwa wn‡m‡e cÖPzi L¨vwZ AR©b K‡ib Ges hy³iv‡óª Ks‡MÖ‡m GKRb K…wZ jwe÷wn‡m‡e cÖwZôv jvf K‡ib| GB mg‡q Av‡gwiKvi cÖvq 20wU iv‡R¨ wZwb evsjv‡`‡ki c‡ÿ cÖPvi Ki‡Z hvb| Zvui`yÕwU wbeÜ Ks‡MÖmb¨vj ïbvbx‡Z cÖKvwkZ nq| 1971 A‡±ve‡i Avey mvqx` †PŠaiy xi †bZ‡… Z¡ 17 m`‡m¨i GKwUcÖwZwbwa `j †cÖiY K‡ib| Rbve gwy nZ wQ‡jb Zvi Ab¨Zg m`m¨ I `‡ji mwPe| Zvi gwy ³hy× Kvjxb AwfÁZvqmg„× MÖš’ Ô¯§w„ ZA¤øvbÕ 1996 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ nq| MÖš’wU avivevwnKfv‡e ˆ`wbK Ô†fv‡ii KvMRÕ cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZnq| 1972 mv‡j wZwb wQ‡jb evsjv‡`k G‡mvwm‡qkb Ae Av‡gwiKv, IqvwksU‡bi cÖwZôvZv mfvcwZ| e¯‘Zgwy ³hy‡× Ges evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¥j‡Mœ Rbve gywn‡Zi Ae`vb G †`‡ki BwZnv‡m GK Abb¨ ce©| Rbve gwy nZ evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii A‡bK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| me©cÖ_g 1972 mv‡ji Rvbqy vix‡Z Zv‡KcwiKíbv mwPe wbh³y Kiv nq Ges 3 gvm XvKvq KvR Kivi ci IqvwkbUb `~Zvev‡m wd‡i wM‡q BK‡bvwgKwgwb÷v‡ii `vwqZ¡MÖnY K‡ib| IqvwksU‡b wZwb wKQzw`b evsjv‡`‡ki PvR© `¨ G¨v‡dqv‡m©i `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib GescieZ©x‡Z wZwb wek¦ e¨vs‡K evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g weKí wbe©vnx cwiPvj‡Ki c` AjsK…Z K‡ib| 1974 mv‡j wW‡m¤^‡iwZwb Gkxq Dbœqb e¨vs‡Ki evsjv‡`k I fvi‡Zi c‡ÿ wbe©vnx cwiPvjK wbe©vwPZ nb| wZwb evsjv‡`k †_‡K G ch©šÍGKgvÎ e¨w³ GB c‡` envj wQ‡jb Ges ZLb wZwb wQ‡jb e¨vs‡Ki BwZnv‡m KwbôZg wbe©vnx cwiPvjK| 1977 mv‡j ¯^‡`‡k wd‡i G‡m wZwb miKv‡ii A_© I cwiKíbv gš¿Yvj‡qi ewn:m¤ú` wefv‡Mi mwP‡ei fw~ gKvAZ¨šÍ `ÿZv I mybv‡gi mv‡_ `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| ZviB †bZ‡… Z¡ miKv‡ii mKj Kg©Kv‡Û ewn:m¤ú` wefv‡Mifw~ gKv AZ¨šÍ Kvh©Ki n‡q D‡V| 1978 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki cÖvgvY¨ BwZnvmMÖš’ ÔBangladesh: Emergence ofNation’ wZwb cÖKvk K‡ib| PvKzwii 25 eQi cw~ Z©Kv‡j wZwb 1981 mv‡ji 31‡k wW‡m¤^i 47 eQi eq‡m †¯^”QvqAemi MÖnY K‡ib| 1981 mv‡j miKvwi PvKwz i †_‡K Aemi wb‡q wZwb A_©bxwZ I Dbœqb we‡klÁ wn‡m‡e †dvW©dvD‡Ûkb I Bdv‡` KvR ïiæ K‡ib| G mg‡q †Rbv‡ij Gikv` ¯^í †gqv`x AšÍeZ©xKvjxb GKwU wb`©jxq miKvicÖwZôv Kivi cÖwZkÖæwZ †`b Ges Zvi AvnŸv‡b Ges †`k‡cÖwgK wn‰Zlxi civg‡k© Rbve gywnZ 1982 mv‡ji gvP©gv‡mi †klw`‡K A_© I cwiKíbv gš¿x `vwqZ¡ MÖnY K‡ib| ¯^í mg‡q Zvi we‡kl Ae`vb n‡jv: 1) Avw_©K k„•Ljvcby :cÖwZôvi D‡`¨vM; 2) wW‡cvwRU †cbkb ¯‹x‡gi cÖeZ©b; 3) †`k wefv‡MvËiKv‡j (1948-Gici) cÖ_gev‡iig‡Zv miKvwi †cbkb e¨e¯’vi ms¯‹vi; 4) Dbœqb Kvh©µ‡g †Kvi ev‡RwUs c×wZ cÖeZ©b; 5) e¨vswKs e¨e¯’vi†emiKvwiKiY; 6) †UªW I BÛvwóªqvj cwjwm †mj MVb; 7) AvqKi AvBb ms‡kvab; 8) AveMvix Ki cÖ`v‡b¯^wba©viYx e¨e¯’v cÖeZ©b| wbw`©ó mg‡q ms¯‹vi Kvh©µ‡g AskMÖnY Kivi Rb¨ Rbve gywnZ Gikv` miKv‡ii A_© I cwiKíbv gš¿Yvj‡qi`vwqZ¡ †bb| cÖvq †`o eQi ci †Rbv‡ij Gikv` ÿgZv a‡i ivL‡Z cvKvcvwK e¨e¯’v MÖn‡Yi wm×všÍ †bb Ges 1983mv‡j b‡f¤^‡i wZwb GKwU ivR‰bwZK `j Movi †NvlYv †`b| Rbve gwy nZ Gikv‡`i GB AbvKvw•LZ D‡`¨v‡M Askwb‡Z MiivwR n‡q gš¿xZ¡ †_‡K B¯Ídv †`b|evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnv‡m wZwbB cÖ_g gš¿x whwb †¯^”Qvq c`Z¨v‡Mi `ó„ všÍ ¯’vcb K‡ib| c`Z¨v‡Mi ci wZwb Av‡gwiKviwcÖÝUb BDwbfvwm©wUi D‡Wªv DBjmb ¯‹z‡j wfwRwUs †d‡jv wn‡m‡e LÛKvjxb `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| 1987 mv‡j wZwbhy³iv‡óª Gikv` we‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡bi †bZ…Z¡ †`b| 1988 mv‡ji gv‡P© gvwK©b Ks‡MÖ‡m evsjv‡`‡ki MYZ‡š¿i msKUwelqK ïbvbx‡Z Rbve gwy nZ †Rviv‡jv e³e¨ iv‡Lb Ges djkÖæwZ‡Z Gikv‡`i kvlbvg‡j †`‡k cÖZ¨veZ©b c‡y ivcwy iwewNœZ nq| 1990 mv‡ji wW‡m¤^‡i mvgwiK kvm‡bi Aemvb n‡j wZwb †`‡k †d‡ib Ges wb`©jxq ivR‰bwZKch©‡eÿK I fvl¨Kv‡ii f~wgKv cvjb K‡ib| GB mgq Zvi GKwU eB Ôevsjv‡`k cyY©MVb I RvZxq HK¨gZ¨ÕcÖKvwkZ nq| 1996 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ nq gwy ³h‡y ×i BwZnvm wfwËK Av‡iKwU eB: ‘American Response toBangladesh Liberation War’ | AvšÍR©vwZKfv‡e Rbve Avejy gvj Ave`yj gwy nZ A_©bxwZ I Dbœqb wel‡qGKRb D”Pgv‡bi we‡klÁ wn‡m‡e cÖwZwôZ| 1985 mvj †_‡K wZwb BD.Gb.wW.wc-i f~wgKv welqK GKwU we‡klÁcl©‡` cÖvq eQie¨vcx KvR K‡ib| RvwZms‡Ni fwel¨r, BD.Gb.wW.wc-i Kvh©µg, cÖvB‡fUvB‡Rkb, AvÂwjKmn‡hvwMZv, `vwi`ª we‡gvPb, cwi‡ek msiÿY cÖf…wZ wel‡q Gwkqv, Avwd«Kv, jvwZb Av‡gwiKvq bvbv Av‡jvPbvq wZwb

KivPx (1996) I Bmjvgvev` (1999) Ges KvVgyÛz (1999)-‡Z GKRb m¤§vwbZ e³v wn‡m‡e AskMÖnY K‡ib|`wÿY Gkxq mn‡hvwMZvq wel‡q 2000 I 2001 mv‡j Gkxq Dbœqb e¨vs‡Ki GK m¤§vwbZ m`m¨ ch©‡`i m`m¨wn‡m‡e KvR K‡ib| evsjv‡`‡ki Dbœq‡bi †ÿ‡ÎI wZwb GKRb wewkó w`Kcvj| †`‡ki cÖwZwU cÖ‡qvR‡b wZwb GwM‡q G‡m‡Qb GesGKRb mwZ¨Kv‡ii †`k‡cÖwgK I Rb`i`xi ewjô f~wgKv ivL‡Z wcQcv nbwb| wK‡kvi eq‡m wm‡jU †idv‡iÛv‡gwZwb wQ‡jb mwµq I wK‡kvi msMVK| †hŠe‡b fvlv Av‡›`vjb Ges QvÎ Av‡›`vj‡b wZwb †bZ…‡Z¡ wQ‡jb| ZvimgqKvi QvÎiv Zvi mvsMVwbK ÿgZv I Kg©Pv‡j¨ wQ‡jb g»y | evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vwaKvi Av‡›`vjb I gyw³msMÖv‡g ZviwQj `„X c`‡ÿc| wZwb evsjv‡`‡ki KvVv‡gvi cwieZ©b K‡i wbe©vwPZ †Rjv miKvi cÖeZ©‡b †Rvi Av‡e`b Rvwb‡qAvm‡Qb| RvZxq HK¨gZ¨ cÖwZôv Ges Gi mgvavb Zvi eªZ| AcwiKwíZfv‡e bMivqb, bvbvfv‡e cvwb I evqy`l~ Y Ges †`‡ki cÖvKw… ZK fvimvg¨ webó K‡i cwi‡e‡ki †h ÿwZGB †`‡k mvwaZ n‡”Q Zvi cÖwZev‡` wZwb AZ¨šÍ †mv”Pvi I ewjô KÚ| cwi‡e‡ki e¨vcv‡i RbM‡Yi m‡PZbZv e„w×iRb¨ 1997 mv‡j Av‡›`vj‡b (evcv) Rbve gwy nZ wQ‡jb cÖwZôvZv mfvcwZ| evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZ, Dbœqb mgm¨v, cÖkvmwbK KvVv‡gv, ivR‰bwZK †bZZ… ¡, AvšÍR©vwZK m¤úK©, cwi‡ek msiÿY,¯’vbxq cÖkvmb, wkÿv e¨e¯’v cÖf…wZ wel‡q wZwb GKRb we‡kl wPšÍvwe` I we‡kølK wn‡m‡e mcy wiwPZ| GBA_©bxwZwe`, cwiKíbvwe`, KU~ bxwZwe`, cwi‡ekwe` gwy n‡Zi g‡a¨ Av‡iv jwy K‡q i‡q‡Q GK gnvb †jLK mË¡v| wZwbPvKwz i ev AvšÍR©vwZK ms¯’vq `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi cvkvcvwk MÖš’ iPbvi KvR Pvwj‡q‡Qb wbijmfv‡e| G ch©šÍ ZvicÖKvwkZ MÖ‡š’i msL¨v 20-Gi D‡aŸ© Ges †`‡k-we‡`‡k 25wU msKj‡b Zvi cÖeÜ ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| eZ©gv‡b Zvi GKwUMÖš’ cÖKv‡ki A‡cÿvq| 2000 mv‡j Zvi eB Ôevsjv‡`k RvwZiv‡óªi D™¢eÕ RvZxq AviKvBfm Gi wePv‡i †mivwn‡m‡e ciy ¯‹Z… n‡q‡Q| ZvQvov wewfbœ cÖMwZkxj msev`cÎ I Rvb©v‡j cÖwZwbqZ Rbve gwy n‡Zi †jLv cÖKvwkZ nq| wm‡j‡Ui m‡y L-`:y ‡L Zv‡K memgqB cvIqv hvq| 1962 mv‡j wm‡jU wek¦we`¨vjq cÖwZôvi `vex ZviB D‡`¨v‡MmiKvixfv‡e Mn„ xZ nq| ce~ © cvwK¯Ív‡bi we`vqx Mf©Yi, †Rbv‡ij AvRg, GB wel‡q wm‡j‡UB †NvlYv cÖ`vb K‡ib|Rbve gywnZ ZLbB MfY©‡ii Dc-mwPe wn‡m‡e Kg©iZ wQ‡jb| 1979 mv‡j ewn:m¤ú` wefv‡Mi mwPe _vKvKv‡jwm‡jU †cŠimfvi Rb¨ WvP mvnv‡h¨i AvIZvq Kvicvov GjvKvq cvwb mieivn cÖKí Zvi D‡`¨v‡M ev¯ÍevwqZ nq|GB mgq kvnRvjvj Dckni cÖK‡íi A_© msK‡Ui mgvav‡b wZwb Po~ všÍ ch©v‡q mnvqZv K‡ib| wm‡j‡Ui Pv-wk‡íiAvawy bKvq‡b, KviLvbv¸‡jv h‡y Mvc‡hvMx Ki‡Z Pv-evMv‡bi FY e¨e¯’vi ms¯‹v‡iI Rbve gwy nZ mwe‡kl fw~ gKviv‡Lb| jvgvKvwR Ges kvnRvjvj cyj wbg©v‡Y Z`vbxšÍb A_© I cwiKíbv gš¿x wn‡m‡e Rbve gwy nZB h_vh_ eiv×cÖ`vb K‡ib| wm‡jU wegvb‡cv‡Z Kv÷gm wK¬qv‡i‡Ýi e¨e¯’v wZwbB Pvjy K‡ib| evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki wm‡jU kvLvcÖwZôvq Zvi Ae`vb e¨vsK ¯’vcbvqB ¯^xKZ… Av‡Q| 1982-83 mv‡j wm‡j‡U cÖ_g †emiKvwi e¨vsK¸‡jvi kvLv†Lvjv nq Ges G‡`i cÖvq me¸‡jviB D‡Øvab K‡ib Rbve gywnZ| g`b‡gvnb K‡j‡Ri weKv‡ki cÖ_g j‡Mœ ZviBmvnv‡h¨ K‡j‡Ri QvÎvevm cÖwZôv cvq| 1991 mv‡j †MvcvjMÄ †_‡K M¨vm ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii wel‡q wm‡j‡U Av‡›`vjb `vbvevu‡a| GB Av‡›`vj‡bi c‡ÿ XvKvq ZË¡veavqK miKv‡ii m‡½ †`b`iev‡i Rbve gywnZB †bZZ… ¡ cÖ`vb K‡ib GesGiB d‡j M¨vm‡ÿ‡Î d«vKk‡bkb cøv›U ¯’vc‡bi e¨e¯’v †bqv nq| cøv›UwU Aaby v ûgwKi g‡y L| eûgLy x weij cÖwZfvi AwaKvix wm‡j‡Ui GB K…wZ mšÍvb †hgb wm‡j‡Ui cÖwZwU cÖ‡qvR‡b fw~ gKv †i‡L‡Qb †Zgwb†`‡ki cÖ‡qvR‡b Zvi Kg©‡KŠkj, †gav, mZZv, `ÿZv I †mev †`wL‡q mviv cw„ _ex‡Z †`‡ki I wm‡j‡Ui †MŠie e„w×K‡i‡Qb| wm‡j‡Ui GB exi mšÍvb †hfv‡e AKz‡Zvfq wP‡Ë I D`¨gx n‡q gvby‡li cv‡k `vuwo‡q‡Qb, †`‡ki gvb‡y liRb¨ MYZš¿ iÿvq msMÖvg‡K GwM‡q wb‡q †M‡Qb, †`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv-msMÖv‡g AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡i‡Qb, wZwbB †Zv wm‡j‡Uigvby‡li AK…wÎg eÜz| Kv‡ji wewfbœ cixÿvq wZwb DËx©Y© n‡q‡Qb|

Avey Avng` Ave`jy nvwdR : 1900-1985 1900 m‡bi 2iv Ryb wm‡jU kn‡ii ivqbMi gnjøvq wm‡j‡Ui K…wZ mšÍvb Avey Avng` Ave`yj nvwdR Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Ave`yj nvwd‡Ri ce~ © ciy æl Bmjvg ag© cÖPv‡ii D‡Ï‡k¨ my`~i Avie †_‡K G †`‡k AvMgY K‡ib Ges cieZ©x‡Z wm‡jU kn‡i ¯’vqxfv‡e emevm Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| GB cwiev‡i AmsL¨ Ijx AvDwjqv Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zvu i wcZv wQ‡jb ¯^bvgL¨vZ AemicÖvß gnKgz v cÖkvmK Lvb evnv`yi Ave`iy iwng Ges gvZv nvwdRv LvZzb| nvwdRv LvZzb wQ‡jb wm‡jU kn‡ii cvVvbUjz v wbevmx Ave`yj nvwg` wgwb÷vi mv‡n‡ei †evb| 1917 wLªóv‡ã Avey Avng` Ave`jy nvwdR wm‡jU miKvwi nvB ¯‹jz †_‡K †gwUªK Ges 1919 mv‡j wLªóv‡ã Ggwm K‡jR, wm‡jU †_‡K AvB.G cvk K‡ib| 1921 wLªóv‡ã QvÎve¯’vq wLjvdZ Av‡›`vj‡b mwµqfv‡e Ask MÖnY K‡i wZwb mvgwqK fv‡e †jLvcov Z¨vM K‡ib| ZLb Zuvi wcZv Avmv‡gi bIqvMv‡q PvKyixiZ wQ‡jb| wZwb Zvu ‡K †Rvi K‡i Zvi gvgv ivRkvnx K‡j‡Ri Aa¨vcK Ave`jy nvwKg †Kv‡ikxi ZË¡veav‡b cvwV‡q †`b Ges Avey Avng` Ave`yj nvwdR ivRkvnx K‡jR †_‡K 1922 wLªóv‡ã weG cvk K‡ib| wZwb 1924 wLªóv‡ã KwjKvZv wek¦we`¨vjq n‡Z GgG Ges 1926 wLªóv‡ã we.Gj cvk K‡ib| wkÿv Rxeb †k‡l wZwb wKQzw`b wm‡jU MfY©‡g›U nvB¯‹‡z j wkÿKZvI K‡i‡Qb| 1927 wLªóv‡ãi A‡±vei gv‡m wZwb wm‡jU †Rjv ev‡i †hvM`vb K‡i IKvjwZ ïiæ K‡ib| KwjKvZv Ae¯’vbKv‡j QvÎve¯’vqB wZwb mvgvwRK IivR‰bwZK Kg©Kv‡Û RwoZ nb| wZwb Zuvi wkÿK m¨vi Avãyjøvn †mvnivIqv`©x, bvbv wm‡j‡Ui Kw… Z mšÍvb wkÿvwe`†gŠjfx Avãyj Kwig, m¨vi Ave`yi iwng, Zvu i wcZvi mncvwV †k‡i evsjv G.†K dRjyj nK, m¨vi Avï‡Zvlg‡y Lvcva¨vq, cÖg_ bv_ e¨vbvR©x cÖg‡y Li Nwbô ms¯ú‡k© Av‡mb| wZwb QvÎve¯’vq KwjKvZv miy gv †fjx gymwjg QvÎmwgwZi mvaviY m¤úv`K Ges KwjKvZvi kÖxnÆ mw¤§j‡bi QvÎ cwil‡`i m¤úv`K wQ‡jb| 1933 mv‡j wZwbKwjKvZv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi wm‡b‡Ui †d‡jv wbh³y nIqvq Ab¨vb¨ †d‡jv m`m¨‡`i mv‡_ Av‡iv Nwbô nIqvi m‡y hvMcvb| †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`©x, k¨vgv cÖmv` gyLvR©x, m¨vi AvwRRjy nK, Wvt weavb P›`ª ivq cÖgyL †`k e‡iY¨†bZe… „‡›`i m‡½| †ckvRxe‡bi ïiæ‡ZB wZwb ivRbxwZ‡Z AvK…ó nb Ges gmy wjg mgv‡Ri R‡b¨ wb‡R‡K DrmM© K‡ib| 1927wLªóv‡ã wZwb wm‡jU †Rjv ZejxM I ZvbwRg KwgwUi m¤úv`K wbe©vwPZ nb| KwgwUi kvLv wnmv‡e Lvwmqv ˆRšÍvcvnv‡o GKwU wgkb †cÖiY K‡ib| wZwb wbwLj fviZ ZejxM KwgwUi Avmvg kvLvi m¤úv`K wQ‡jb| wm‡jU †Rjvgmy wjg jxM cÖwZôvq Kg©exi Avey Avng` Ave`jy nvwd‡Ri Ae`vb we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL¨‡hvM¨| wZwb 1939 wLªóv‡ã

gymwjg jx‡M †hvM`vb K‡i G msMVb‡K MYgLy x Kivi Rb¨ mxgvnxb kÖg I Z¨vM ¯^xKvi K‡ib| G e¨vcv‡i Zvi gvgvAve`yj nvwg` wgwb÷vi, Lvb evnv`yi †gv`vweŸi †nv‡mb †PŠayix wgwb÷vi, mybvgM‡Äi wgwb÷vi gby vIi Avjx,wgwb÷vi Ave`yj gwZb †PŠaiy x, nvRx Imgvb wgqv gv‡P©›U, nvRx IqvwQd Djøvn& cÖgyL Rb‡bZvi mn‡hvwMZv wQj|1947-G fviZ wefvM c~e© ch©šÍ GB wbt¯^v_© Kg©exi wm‡jU †Rjv gmy wjg jx‡Mi KL‡bv m¤úv`K, KL‡bv mfvcwZwQ‡jb| Zuvi we‡kl m¤úK© wQj Qv·`i m‡½| Pwjøk `k‡K cvwK¯Ívb cÖwZôvi Av‡M Zvi evox wQj Qv·`i wgjb‡gjv| Gg.wm K‡j‡R ÷‡z W›U BDwbq‡bi AfveQvÎiv Zuvi evmvi Avm‡i c~iY Ki‡Zv| 1947 wLªóv‡ã wZwb wm‡jU †Rjv gymwjg jx‡Mi †idv‡iÛvg †ev‡W©i mvaviYm¤úv`K wn‡m‡e we‡kl K…wZ‡Z¡i cwiPq †`b| wm‡j‡Ui MY‡fv‡U G †evW©B †bZZ… ¡ †`q| Rb‡bZv Avãjy gwZb†PŠayix G †ev‡W©i mfvcwZ wQ‡jb| 1947-G †`k wefvMKv‡j wm‡j‡Ui Djvgv‡`i GK`j Rwgq‡Z Djvgv‡q wn›`Ks‡MÖ‡mi Abmy vix wQ‡jb| Zuviv wQ‡jb ALÛ fvi‡Z wek¦vmx| Zv‡`i cÖfv‡e mvaviY gmy wjg RbmvaviY wKQUz v weåvšÍnq| G Rb¨ †gŠjvbv mûj Imgvbx‡K wenvi †_‡K wm‡j‡U Avbv nq| Avjøvni ing‡Z Zvu i IqvR I d‡Zvqv‡qRRevq wm‡j‡Ui gmy jgvbiv Ôjo‡K †j‡½ cvwK¯ÍvbÕ AvIqvR Z‡z j msMÖv‡g Svu wc‡q c‡o| Rb‡bZv Avey Avng`Ave`jy nvwdR wm‡j‡Ui c‡ÿ m¨vi wmwij i¨vWwK¬‡di mxgvbv Kwgk‡bi Ab¨Zg †KŠmywji `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib|1948 wLªóv‡ã fvlv Av‡›`vj‡b Avey Avng` Ave`jy nvwdR wQ‡jb †bZ„‡Z¡i fw~ gKvq| evsjv fvlvi `vwe‡Z 8 gvP©†Mvwe›` cv‡K© (eZ©gvb nvmvb gv‡K©U) GKwU Rbmfv KwZcq jxMcš’xi nvgjvq cÐ n‡q hvq| Gi wei‡× cÖwZev‡`11 gv‡P© wm‡j‡Ui AvVv‡iv Rb wewkó e¨w³i wee„wZ †`b| Zviu AMÖcw_K wQ‡jb Rbve nvwdR| 1952 wLªóv‡ã ivóªfvlv evsjvi `vwe‡Z wm‡j‡Ui BwZnv‡m me©e„nr Rbmgv‡ek †Mvwe›` cv‡K©i GB mfvq wZwbmfvcwZZ¡ K‡ib| 1952 wLªóv‡ã Avey Avng` Ave`yj nvwdR gmy wjg jx‡Mi KvR Kg© †_‡K m‡i `uvovb| wkÿv ImgvR‡mevq Zvu i cieZ©x Rxeb wQj wb‡ew`Z| wZwb `xN©Kvj †iWµm I wm‡jU gvZg… ½j mwgwZi mv‡_ h³y wQ‡jb| wm‡j‡U cÖm~wZMvi (gvZg… ½j) cÖwZôvq Zvu iAe`vb wQj| Zvu iB ZË¡veav‡b eZ©gvb knx` †mv‡jgvb n‡ji (mv‡eK wRbœvn nj) cÖwZôv nq| wZwb mgevqAv‡›`vj‡bI RwoZ wQ‡jb| wZwb wm‡jU mgevq †K›`ªxq e¨vsK wjwg‡U‡Wi m¤úv`K, wm‡jU mgevq UvDb e¨vs‡KimfvcwZ, myigv †fjx gymwjg †Kv-Acv‡iwUf RyU gv‡K©wUs †mvmvBwUi †g¤^vi wQ‡jb| `xN© 30 eQ‡ii †ekx mgqKvjwZwb WvK wefvM BDwbq‡bi mfvcwZ wQ‡jb| 1954-1958 wLªóv‡ã wZwb †Rjv cÖkvmK W. AvBGBP Dmgvwb‡K mv‡_wb‡q wm‡jU †Kv-Acv‡iwUf GW‡z Kkb †mvmvBwU cÖwZôv K‡ib| wZwb †Rjv evi mwgwZi m¤úv`K I mfvcwZi c``xN©Kvj AjsK…Z K‡ib| 1933 wLªóv‡ã cvPu eQi †gqv‡` wZwb KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi wm‡bUi wnmv‡e g‡bvbxZ nb| †`k wefv‡Mi ci1951 wLªóv‡ã wZwb XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq †Kv‡U©i mf¨ wbh³y nb| wZwb PÆMÖvg wek¦we`¨vjq ¯’vc‡bi ci Gi cÖ_gGKv‡WwgK KvDw݇ji mf¨ wQ‡jb| cieZ©xKv‡j PÆMÖvg wek¦we`¨vj‡qi AvBb cwil‡`i m`m¨ I cixÿK wQ‡jb|wZwb Kzwgjøv †evW© cÖwZôvi ci †ev‡W©i wm‡jKkb KwgwUi †g¤^vi wQ‡jb| wkÿv cÖmv‡i Rbve Avey Avng` Ave`jy nvwdR-Gi fw~ gKv ïiæ nq Zuvi Kg©Rxe‡bi G‡Kev‡i mP~ bv j‡Mœ| Rbvenvwd‡Ri Drmvn I cÖ‡Póvq Zuvi `v`xi bv‡g ivqbM‡i eLwZqvi wewe evwjKv we`¨vjq 1929 wLªóv‡ã cÖwZôv K‡ibGes Pvi `k‡Ki D‡aŸ© wZwb G ¯‹‡z ji m¤úv`‡Ki `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| 1939 wLªóv‡ã Rwg`vi eª‡R›`ª bvivqY†PŠayixi D‡`¨v‡M wm‡jU gwnjv K‡jR cÖwZwôZ nq| Zvui mn‡hvMx wQ‡jb Aa¨vcK kkx †gvnb PµeËx©, Aa¨vcKbwjbx‡gvnb kv¯¿x, wmZvsï †kLi `vm Ges wm‡j‡Ui gymwjg mgvR †_‡K Avey Avng` Ave`jy nvwdR| K‡jRwUicÖwZôvKvj n‡Z wZwb MfwY©sewWi m`m¨ wn‡m‡e KvR K‡ib| 1950 wLª÷v‡ã †`k wefv‡Mi d‡j QvÎx I Aa¨vc‡KimsL¨v AZ¨šÍ wb¤œ ch©v‡q P‡j Avmvq K‡jRwU wech©‡qi g‡y LvgyLx nq| GB `‡y h©vMgq mg‡q K‡jRwU wUwK‡q ivLvicÖ‡Pôvq wZwb K‡j‡Ri A‰eZwbK Aa¨vcK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡ib| wZwb `xN©w`b g`b †gvnb K‡j‡Ri MfwY©sewWi†g¤^vi wQ‡jb| g`b †gvnb K‡j‡Ri `wy `©‡bI wZwb A‰eZwbK Aa¨vc‡Ki `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| KvRx Rvjvj DwÏbevwjKv we`¨vj‡q mfvcwZ wn‡m‡e Zvui cÖ‡Pôvq ¯‹jz wU‡K gva¨wgK we`¨vj‡q DbœxZ Kiv nq| wZwb Zvui bvbxi bv‡g†`qv Av‡qkv Gg.B gv`ªvmv, evjvMÄ I KvwRUjz v gv`ªvmvi mfvcwZ wQ‡jb| wZwb `xN©Kvj g‡Wj nvB¯‹z‡ji g¨v‡bwRsKwgwUi m¤úv`K wQ‡jb| wm‡j‡Ui cÖvq cÖwZwU ¯‹zj I wkÿv cÖwZôv‡bi mv‡_ wZwb RwoZ wQ‡jb| wZwb Ggwm K‡jR,

wm‡jU miKvwi nvB¯‹zj, wm‡jU miKvwi evwjKv we`¨vjq, GB‡WW nvB¯‹jz , wm‡jU miKvwi Avwjqv gv`ªvmvi g¨v‡bwRsKwgwUi m`m¨ wQ‡jb| wm‡j‡U GKwU wek¦we`¨vjq cÖwZôvi Av‡›`vj‡b wZwb ïiæ †_‡K RwoZ wQ‡jb| wkÿv Dbœq‡bwe‡kl K‡i Pwjø‡ki `k‡K Ges lv‡Ui `k‡K ïiæ‡Z wZwb wm‡j‡Ui mdj †bZ…‡Z¡i fw~ gKv cvjb K‡ib| wm‡j‡UGKwU jÕ K‡jR cÖwZôvi D‡`¨vM MÖnY Kiv n‡j Zvu‡K jÕ K‡jR cÖwZôvi `vwqZ¡ †`qv nq| 1968 wLªóv‡ã wm‡jU jÕK‡jR ¯’vc‡b wZwb wQ‡jb Ab¨Zg ¸iæZ¡c~Y© e¨w³ Ges wm‡jU jÕ K‡j‡Ri cÖwZôvZv A‰eZwbK wcÖwÝcvj| e‡qve„w×iRb¨ wZwb G `vwqZ¡ †_‡K Ae¨vnwZ Pvb, wKš‘ QvÎ I wkÿ‡Ki Pv‡c Ges wek¦we`¨vj‡q we‡kl e¨e¯’vq e„× eq‡m wZwb1981 wLóvã ch©šÍ wcÖwÝcv‡ji `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| K‡jRwUi `xb`kv †_‡K eZ©gvb Ae¯’v‡b DËi‡Y wZwb Ges Zviumy‡hvM¨ DËivwaKvixiv BwZevPK fw~ gKv cvjb K‡ib| wm‡jU jÕ K‡jR cÖwZôv I Dbœq‡b nvwdR cwiev‡i kÖg IAvw_©K Aby`vb D‡jøL¨‡hvM¨| wm‡jU jÕ K‡j‡R Avey Avng` Avãjy nvwdR-Gi bv‡g GKwU n‡ji bvgKiY Kivn‡q‡Q| Kg©exi Avey Avng` Ave`yj nvwdR 1928 wLªóv‡ã RMbœv_ _vbvi ˆmq`cyi wbevmx 360 AvDwjqvi Ab¨Zg ˆmq`kvn kvgmywÏb (i:) Gi eskai †PŠaiy xi evwoi cÖL¨vZ Rwg`vi ˆmq` Aveyj eki †PŠayixi cÖ_gv Kb¨v ˆmq`v kvnvievby †PŠaiy x‡K we‡q K‡ib|we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL¨ †h, giûg Avey Avng` Ave`yj nvwdR mv‡n‡ei †avcvw`Nxi cv‡oi evwowU 1947 mv‡j wQjwm‡jU †dWv‡iÛvg Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖavb `ßi Ges GLvb †_‡K MY‡fv‡Ui gva¨‡g wm‡jU cvwK¯Ív‡biAšÍf©‚³ nq| Avð‡h©¨i welq n‡”Q †h, 1971 mv‡j 4Vv GwcÖj GB evwo †_‡KB wm‡jU kn‡i me©cÖ_g cvK-nvbv`vievwnbxi Dci ¯^k¯¿ AvµgY K‡i evwnbxi m`m¨iv| hvi djkÖæwZ‡Z cieZ©x mg‡q AvZ¥Z¨v‡Mi wewbg‡q evsjv‡`‡kimw„ ó|1985 wLª÷v‡ãi 9 †deªæqvwi cwiYZ eq‡m ivRbxwZwe`, AvBbRxwe, wkÿvwe`, mgvR‡mex, Kg©exi Avey Avng`Ave`jy nvwdR B‡šÍKvj K‡ib|

ˆmq`v kvnvi evby †PŠaiy x : 1914- 1983ˆmq`v kvnvi evby †PŠayix mby vgMĆRjvi RMbœv_ciy Dc‡Rjvi AvZqz vRbciMYvi ˆmq`ciy MÖv‡g GK m¤£všÍcwiev‡i 1914 wLªóv‡ã Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib|Zvui wcZv giûg ˆmq` Avejy ekvi†PŠaiy x| gigx Kwe ˆmq` Avkni Avjx†PŠaiy x Zvui `v`v| GB es‡ki †`Iqvbˆmq` IqvwQj Avjx †PŠayix bevex Avg‡jm`iAvjv I †`Iqvb wQ‡jb| cÖwcZv†`Iqvb ˆmq` AvRgj Avjx †PŠaiy xwQ‡jb cÖwm× Rwg`vi| 1928 wLªóv‡ãwZwb Avey Avng` Ave`jy nvwdR Gim‡½ weevn e܇b Ave× nb| ˆmq`vkvnvi evby Mn„ wkÿ‡Ki Kv‡Q Ges ¯^vgximn‡hvwMZvq †jLvcov K‡i mwy kwÿZnb| wZwb wQ‡jb ¯^vgxi mKj Kv‡Rmn‡hvMx Ges wm‡j‡Ui †bÎx¯’vbxq mgvR I ivRbxwZ m‡PZb Kg©x| wZwb wm‡jU gwnjv gymwjg jx‡Mi cÖ_g w`‡KiAb¨Zg D‡`¨v³v Ges 1945-1948 wLªóvã ch©šÍ cÖwZôvZv mn-mfvcwZi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib|wm‡j‡Ui MY‡fv‡Ui mgq N‡i N‡i wM‡q wZwb gmy jgvb gwnjv‡`i msMwVZ K‡ib| Ks‡MÖ‡mi mn‡hvMx msMVbRwgq‡Z Djvgv‡q wn‡›`i cÖ‡ivPbv †gvKvwejvi Rb¨ ZLb †gŠjvbv mûj Dmgvbxi d‡Zvqv mv‡_ †i‡L Zv‡u K KvRKi‡Z n‡q‡Q| wm‡jU bvix wkÿv cÖmv‡i Zviu Ae`vb D‡jøL‡hvM¨| wZwb wm‡jU gwnjv K‡j‡Ri ïiæ †_‡KB K‡jR-wUi m‡½ mwµqfv‡e RwoZ wQ‡jb| 1950 wLªóv‡ã hLb K‡jRwU eÜ nevi Dcµg nq, ZLb K‡jRwUi Aw¯ÍZ¡ iÿvqwZwb we‡kl f~wgKv iv‡Lb| K‡j‡Ri QvÎx msMÖ‡n wZwb cvovq cvovq N‡y i †eovb Ges †gwUªK cvk gymjgvb †g‡q‡`iK‡j‡R fwZ©i e¨e¯’v K‡ib| wZwb Pvwj e›`i evwjKv we`¨vj‡qi e¨e¯’vcbvi mv‡_ `xN©Kvj RwoZ wQ‡jb| gZ„ ¨z i AvMch©šÍ wZwb G ¯‹z‡ji cwiPvjbv ch©‡`i mfvcwZ wQ‡jb| wZwb wm‡jU gwnjv mwgwZi mfvcwZ wQ‡jb|evqvbœi fvlv Av‡›`vj‡b Zviu Ae`vb D‡jøL‡hvM¨| 1948 wLªóv‡ã D`©‡y K cvwK¯Ív‡bi GKgvÎ ivóªfvlv Kivi cÖ¯Ív‡eicÖwZev‡` †Rvevq`v iwng †PŠaiy xmn Ab¨vb¨ gwnjv‡`i mv‡_ wZwb m`©vi Ave`iy ie wbkZv‡ii Kv‡Q cÖwZev` wjwc†ck K‡ib| gLy ¨gš¿x LvRv bvwRgyÏxb I MfY©i †Rbv‡ij †gvnv¤§` Avjx wRbœvni Kv‡Q evZ©v †cÖiY K‡ib|1983 wLªóv‡ã 21 A‡±vei GB gwnqmx gwnjv B‡šÍKvj K‡ib|

GK‡z ki wkÿv I eZ©gvb ev¯ÍeZv Avejy gvj Ave`jy gwy nZ, Gg.wc†deªæqvwi Avgv‡`i †kv‡Ki gvm, Drm‡ei gvm, †MŠi‡ei gvm Ges AvZ¥vbymÜy v‡bi gvm| †deªæqvwi‡Z ˆK‡kvi Avgv‡KwcQz Uv‡b| Avevi †deªæqvwii m‡½ m‡½ gvP©I †hb h³y n‡q hvq|GKz‡k †deªæqvwi GLb AvšÍR©vwZK gvZ…fvlv w`em| 2000 mv‡j BD‡b‡¯‹v GB †NvlYvwU cÖ`vb K‡i| 1952 mv‡jGB w`bwU n‡q I‡V knx` w`em| evsjv fvlv‡K †`‡ki ivóªfvlvi AwaKvi w`‡Z knx` nb, Avgv‡`i fvB‡qiv|KZRb †h knx` n‡qwQ‡jb GK‡z k Avi evB‡k †deªæqvwi‡Z Zvi mwVK wnmve †bB| Avgiv cvuPR‡bi bvg mPivPie‡j _vwK-eiKZ, ReŸvi, iwdK, mvjvg I kwdK| m¤¢eZ ïay eiKZ Avi iwdK wQ‡jb QvÎ| Z‡e Avgvi Wv‡qwi‡Z†`L‡Z cvB KvbvNylv wQ‡jv, cwy jk jvk ¸g K‡i‡Q ZvB knx` msL¨v nq‡Zv mvZ †_‡K ev‡ivRb wQ‡jv| mPivPifvlvi `vwe‡Z G iKg kvnv`vZ eiY wQ‡jv AcwiwPZ| ga¨hy‡M BD‡iv‡c jvwU‡bi AZ¨vPv‡i Ab¨ fvlv wb‡®úwlZnq| GLb †hgb msL¨v Mwi‡ôi fvlv Avw`evmx‡`i fvlv‡K Ae‡njv K‡i †m iKg| Z‡e evsjv A™¢zZ fvlv e‡U GesGB fvlvfvlx RbMY †hLv‡bB _vKzK bv †Kb Zv‡`i fvlvMZ cÖvY Awfbœ| 1961 mv‡j iex›`ª kZevwl©Kx D`hvcb-Kv‡j 19 †g Avmv‡gi eivK DcZ¨Kvq GMv‡ivRb Avevi fvlvi `vwe‡Z knx` nb| evsjv‡`‡k fvlvi `vwe‡Z 1952mv‡j, iex›`ª kZevwl©Kx D`hvcbKv‡j 19 †g Avmv‡gi eivK DcZ¨Kvq GMv‡ivRb Avevi fvlvi `vwe‡Z knx` nb|evsjv‡`‡ki fvlvi `vwe‡Z 1952 mv‡j ci kvnv`Z Avi nqwb| Z‡e Av‡›`vjbKvix‡`i wbh©vZb AbeiZB Pj‡Z_v‡K eQ‡ii ci eQi|Avwg GKzk †deªæqvwii K_v fve‡jB 1948-G wd‡i hvB| cvwK¯Ívb ivóªwU m‡e cÖwZôv †c‡q‡Q 14 AvM÷ 1947mv‡j| Zvi Av‡M †_‡KB ivóªfvlv wn‡m‡e evsjvi `vwe mvg‡b P‡j Av‡m| Avgv‡`i wm‡j‡U evsjvi `vwe‡Z †K›`ªxqgmy wjg mvwnZ¨ msm` Av‡jvPbv mfv Ki‡jv 9 b‡f¤^i| XvKvq GiKg mfvi Rb¨ 6 wW‡m¤^i ch©šÍ A‡c¶v Ki‡Znq| cvwK¯Ív‡bi ïiæUvB wQ‡jv Ab¨vq I ˆelg¨‡K Avkªq K‡i| 63 kZvsk †jvK evsjv fvlvfvlx A_P miKvwi digWvKwUwKU, †bvU Gm‡e evsjv ¯’vb †c‡jv bv| MYcwil‡`i fvlv n‡jv Bs‡iwR I D`y©| evsjvi `vwe gvbvB n‡jv bv|cÖwZwµqvI n‡jv ZvB e¨vcK| wm‡j‡U 1948-Gi 8 gvP© n‡jv `v½v, D`©y mg_©Kiv evsjvi c‡ÿi mfv cÐ K‡i w`j|XvKvq I Ab¨Î 11 gv‡P© QvÎ-cywjk n‡jv gy‡Lvgwy L Ae¯’v‡b| Z‡e Avgv‡`i ivR‰bwZK PwiÎ ZLbI ZZ Lvivcnqwb| ZvB ivR‰bwZK †bZ‡… Z¡i m‡½ n‡jv QvÎ †bZ‡… Z¡i msjvc I mg‡SvZv| wKš‘ mg‡SvZv wUKj bv Avi cvwK¯Ív‡-bi RvwZi wcZv †gvnv¤§` Avjx wRbœvn cvwb Av‡iv †Nvjv‡U K‡i w`‡jb| EbcÂvk, cÂvk I GKvbœ‡Z 11 gvP© wQ‡jvivóªfvlv w`em| Avgv‡`i wb‡R‡`i miKvi ZLb n‡q †M‡jv MYkÎæ Avi Jcwb‡ewkK avivq n‡jv `jb-cxo‡b Av‡ivDMÖcš’x| †mB aviv GL‡bv Pj‡Q|e„nËi Rb‡Mvôxi `vwe D‡cÿv Kiv, cÖwZev`Kvix‡`i wbh©vZb Kiv Ges we‡ÿvf n‡jB †`k‡`ªvwnZvi MÜ cvIqv ZLb†_‡KB n‡q hvq Avgv‡`i miKvwi PwiÎ| Avgiv Ab¨vq AvBb Rvwi Ki‡Z ïiæ Kwi| A‡nZKz wbhv©Z‡bi AvkÖq wbBGes RbM‡Yi †`k‡cÖg wb‡q cÖkœ Zzj‡Z _vwK, GKB m‡½ a‡g©i †`vnvB w`‡q RvZxq Rxe‡b ¯’vqx wefvR‡bi e‡›`ve¯ÍKi‡Z _vwK| Pwi‡Îi GB Aeÿ‡qi cÖwZev` wQ‡jv GK‡z k †deªæqvwi| Ab¨vq 144 avivi wb‡lavÁvi weiæ‡× iæ‡L`uvov‡jv QvÎ mgvR| cwy j‡ki jvwV‡cUv, ¸wjel©Y Avi †MÖdZv‡ii wkKvi n‡jv QvÎ-RbZv, ivóªxq mš¿v‡mi weiæ‡×Lvov n‡q †M‡jv mev©Z¥K Amn‡hvM| GKkz †_‡K mvZvk ch©šÍ RbRxeb wQ‡jv wech©¯Í, Awdm-Av`vjZ wQ‡jv eÜ,Rb‡ivl wQ‡jv MMbP¤z ^x| cwy jk ïiæ‡Z cÖPv‡ii hš¿ gvB‡µv‡dvb ev‡Rqvß Ki‡jv, knx` wgbvi ¸uwo‡q w`‡jv, nj

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