Class 3 - Term 2 - PRIME YEARS

101 1. Adaptation - Modifications in body parts naturally found in animals to suit climate, habitat and food habits 2. Cattle - Animals that chew the cud 3. Mastication - Chewing partially digested food again by bringing it back to the mouth. 4. Gnaw - Bite at; bite into 5. Buck - Male deer 6. Quadruped - Animals that walk on four legs 7. Hibernation - Staying underground throughout an unfavourable season. 1. What is adaptation? 2. What is meant by ‘Mastication’? 3. Who are the gnawers in animal kingdom? 4. What are the adaptations in the following: a. Tiger b. Elephant c. Snake d. Frog 5. What is hibernation? Name 3 animals that hibernate. Complete the analogy a. Lion – Den Rabbit - __________ b. Elephant – Trunk Polar bear - __________ c. Dogs – Canine Rats - __________ d. Butterfly – Nectar Mosquitos - __________ e. Cattle – Hoofs Carnivores - __________

1. Why can’t a snake lap up milk? 2. Why does the tiger have stripes on its body? 3. The carnivores do not produce any sound when they walk, but we can hear the sound of hoofs when the cattle move around. Why? 4. Why do we say that the trunk of an elephant is a multi-purpose organ? 5. How can the camel survive in the desert, while other animals cannot? • Make 3D animals from cardboard that can stand erect. • Fold an invitation card to form a v-shape. See that it stands erect when folded. Draw the outline of an animal on the folded side (both sides) with its back along the edge. Cut along the outline leaving the top edge. • Paint the animal and make it stand erect. • If you have a few 3D cutouts of trees , you can create a forest scene . 102 Write a paragraph about your favourite animal. Draw and colour it.

Contents 1. Villages of India.......................104 2. Different Occupations ............. 110 3. States in India and Union Territories ...................... 117 4. Important Cities and Metros New Delhi ................................124 5. Mumbai....................................127 6. Kolkata ....................................130 7. Chennai ...................................132 8. Bengaluru ................................134 9. Hyderabad...............................137 Class 3 Term 2

Villages of India 104 Vegetables Milk Wheat Rice Corn Villages are the backbone of our country. Over 70% of our population lives in villages. In Gandhiji’s views, “Developing our country means developing the villages”. For most of our daily needs, we depend on villages, be it for food grains, vegetables or milk. Therefore, it is necessary that we learn about life in the villages of the country. When India became free in 1947, the villages were very poor. People in the villages were uneducated and ignorant. They had no proper food, shelter or clothing. There were no proper schools or healthcare.Most of the villagers were bonded labourers. The landlords treated them very badly. They were made to work hard and were paid very little. Those who had their own lands were under the mercy of the money lenders who charged heavy interest on the money lent. The wholesale traders too forced them to sell their grains at a very low price. Thus, the farmer ended up with nothing after an year's hard work.

After independence, the Government of India took some measures to improve the condition of people in the villages. Bonded labour was abolished, and cooperative societies were formed to save farmers from money lenders. Most of the villages now have good schools, and computer aided education. There are good roads connecting them to the cities, and every village has a primary healthcare centre. Most villages use mechanized farming, which helps to increase production. Tractors are very common in villages now. Apart from that, farmers can directly sell their products in the market instead of selling it to wholesale traders.Computers and cell phones are common too in villages, and almost every house has a TV. Sanitation is also taken care of. There are public toilets, and toilets in each household. 105 Village

Earlier, girls in villages were not allowed to attend schools. However, now, girls are beginning to attend schools. Evil customs and practices are slowly being eradicated in villages. Child marriages have been banned, and female infanticide and foeticide are also being checked. 106 Agriculture Village administration - Panachayati Raj Several villages together form a block, and several blocks together form a district or zilla. A zilla collector is the highest authority to decide legal matters pertaining to villages. Villages have their own system of self governance. Each village has a surpanch, who heads the village panchayat. The panchayat looks after the needs of the village-maintaining roads, schools, hospitals, providing drinking water, looking after sanitation etc. The Panchyat collects taxes from people for this maintenance work.

• Many villages in Haryana, Rajasthan, U.P., and Bihar still have the custom of child marriages, although it is illegal. • Killing female infants is still in practice in these villages, although it is a crime to do so. Nyaya Panchayat: Whenever there is a dispute among villagers, or there is a case of theft or crime, a panchayat can be summoned. Such a panchayat is called the nyaya panchayat. The nyaya panchayat settles disputes, 107 and awards punishment to the guilty in case of theft or cheating. This system of self rule by villages is called Panchayati Raj. Panchayat

1. Ignorant - lacking knowledge 2. Bonded labour - Treating workers as slaves. He doesn’t have the freedom to do anything without the permission of the master. 3. Mechanised farming - Using machines to do farm work. 4. Female infanticide - Killing girl child as soon as it is born. 5. Female foeticide - Killing female baby in the mother's womb itself. 1. Why were the villagers poor when India became independent? 2. What were the steps taken by the Government of India to improve condition of the villages? 3. Who is the head of a village? 4. What are the functions of the Panchayat? 5. What does a Nyaya panchayat do? 1. Assemble a mock Nyaya panchayat in the class 2. Imagine you met a girl from a village who wants to go to school. However, the people of the village object to it, and the school refuses to admit her. Write a letter to the zilla collector, requesting him to help the girl. 108

Visit a nearby village. Interact with local people there. Draw the sketch of the village as you perceive it. 109 Colour the tractor with bright colours.

Different Occupations It is the law of nature that one has to work to earn his bread. ‘Thou shaft eat by thy brow’ is a Biblical saying. It means ‘you earn your bread by your sweat’. People choose occupation according to their interest. If we look around, we see people engaged in different types of work.Occupation can be broadly classified into three types- the primary sector, the secondary sector, and the service sector. Primary sector deals with jobs that produce or procure something from nature. For example farming, fishing, mining etc. Secondary sector deals with making of new products from what is obtained from nature. For example carpentry, tailoring, shoe making, working in factories, establishing and running firms and other companies, operating computers etc. Service sector involves different types of services. For example: banking, teaching, working in government offices, jobs in the medical field etc. 110 Banking

Primary Sector Farming: Majority of people in India are engaged in farming. They grow many types of crops, both food crops as well as cash crops. Rice, wheat, sugarcane, vegetables, fruits etc. are examples of food crops. Tea and coffee plantations, spices, rubber, cotton etc. are examples of cash crops. In addition to that, there are dairy farms and poultry farms too. Other than that, people living in forests gather honey, lac, gum and medicinal herbs from forests to make a living. Fishing: Fishing is the main occupation of people living in coastal areas. Fish farms are also setup in many places to grow fish in ponds. This is called aquaculture. Many people work in fisheries where packaging of fish is done. It is then exported to other countries. 111 Agriculture

Mining: Many minerals like coal, petroleum, iron, copper, mica etc. are found under the earth. These minerals have several uses. For example, coal is used to produce electricity. Taking them out from the earth is called mining. A large number of people work in mines, where mining activities are carried out. Secondary Sector 112 Mining Agro industries: Agricultural products are converted into other items in factories. These are called agro products. For example: sugar, oil, soap, cotton,

clothes, silk, etc. The factories where these products are produced are called agro factories. These factories employ a large number of people. Mineral industries: The minerals mined from the earth are converted into other useful products in industries. Such industries are called mineral based industries. Timber work: Now a days, furniture making is done on a large scale. A large number of carpenters are employed for this purpose. Textile industry: The textile industry deals with the making of clothes. It is another area where large number of people are employed. Service sector Schools, colleges, and other educational institutions employ a number of teachers. Hospitals have many doctors and nurses. We have banks, post offices, transport department, railways and other government departments where a large number of people offer their services. Other than that, the service sector also includes people who work in professions such as IT and computers, film industry, writers, wholesale and retail traders etc. We also have IAS, IPS, IFS and other government services which recruit people regularly. Military, police, travel and tourism sector such as hotels and airlines are other service sectors. 113 Timber work Tailor

Some villages are known for their craft skills. A number of people earn their living by making artifacts. For example, people of north eastern states of India make artifacts with bamboo and wood. Similarly, Rajasthan is famous for its hand printed and embroidered dress material. Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh are famous for their hand woven carpets. Lepakshi and Nirmal in Andhra Pradesh are known for their paintings. Kondapally wooden toys have a good market abroad. 114 • With the development of cities, agricultural lands in the nearby villages have been converted to residential township. • Therefore, farmers are forced to take up other occupations. If this continues, in a few years’ time, there will neither be land, nor farmers to grow any food. What will we do for food then? Soldier Wood artifacts Postman

1. Occupation - Work done to earn money 2. Aquaculture - Growing aquatic animals in an artificial environment 3. Fisheries - A government department that deals with processing fish caught from the sea 4. Artifact - Carving out beautiful objects from wood, metal, and clay. 1. What are the three classes of occupation? 2. Name two occupations in the primary sector. 3. Name two occupations in the secondary sector. 4. What is aquaculture? Circle the odd one out in the following a. Rice, wheat, sugarcane, rubber. b. Teacher, doctor, farmer, collector. c. Nirmal Painting, Computers, Pochampally Sarees, Bandhini prints. d. Farming, teaching, mining, fishing. 115 What are the different jobs in which people are engaged in: 1. Your school? 2. Your neighbourhood? Prepare a list for each, showing various people engaged in each type.

116 Fill the blanks with correct Answer: 1. People choose an occupation according to their ________________ 2. Most people in India are engaged in __________________ 3. Teaching comes under ____________ sector 4. Making new things from natural resources is considered as ______________ sector of occupations 1. What do you want to become when you grow up and why? Write in about 10 lines 2. Read Rabindranath Tagore’s famous poem ‘Vocation’. Write a similar poem about the people you see around you.

Unification of India When India became independent from British rule in 1947, our leaders felt that there was a need for bringing different parts of the country under a common government, also called the central government. This responsibility was given to Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, as the home minister of the country. As part of this initiative, many independent kingdoms, like Hyderabad and Thiruvithamkur, were forced to join the Indian union. States After the unification came the reorganisation of the entire country. Regions were divided into states, based on the language they spoke. At the time of independence, there were 15 different languages spoken in different parts of the country. Thus, 15 states were formed. Union territories Other than that, there were regions of strategic importance which directly had to be under the control of the union government. They were called union territories. Sardar Vallabhbhai patel States of India and Union Territories 117

We have a central government for the whole country, and separate state governments that function under the central government. 118 Parliament house The first president of India was Dr. Rajendra Prasad. Do you know who the present President of India is? The prime minister is the head of the union government. The first Prime Minister of India was Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru. Who is the present Prime Minister of the country? The parliament is the law making body of the country. People elect the members of the parliament by casting their vote. Every five years, elections are held to elect the members of parliament (M.P) Did you know? The ancient name of Delhi was Indraprastha. It is believed to be the capital of the Pandavas. There are 7 different Delhi cities built by different rulers over the centuries. They all lie around the current capital of the country, New Delhi. Central government The capital of India is New Delhi. The parliament house is in New Delhi. The Head of the country is the president. He lives in Rashtrapati Bhavan.

State Government At present, there are 29 states in India. In the previous chapters you learned about the different states of India, their capitals, and languages spoken. What is the name of your state? What is its capital city? What is the language spoken in your state? Every state has its own government. The head of the state is the governor, who is appointed by the President. The Chief Minister heads the state government. The State Assembly makes laws for a state. The Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) are also elected by people by casting votes. Every five years, elections are held for state assemblies.All the state government offices are situated in the state’s capital. The Governor, Chief Minister, and other ministers of the state and MLAs live in the capital of the state. The Governor’s residence is called Rajbhavan. State governments are answerable to the central government in matters of vital importance. Union territories Union territories are directly ruled by the president. At present, there are 7 union territories in the country. Union terrirories Capital 1. National Capital Territory of Delhi - Delhi 2. Chandigarh - Chandigarh 3. Dadra and Nagar Haveli - Silvassa 4. Daman and Diu - Daman 5. Lakshadweep - Kavarati 6. Andaman-Nicobar islands - Port Blair 7. Puducherry - Puducherry 119

120 New Delhi and Puducherry have their own government, although they are union territories. • Before independence, Dadra-Nagar Haveli was a Dutch colony, Daman-Diu was a Portuguese colony, while Pondicherry was a French colony. That is why they were not included in the states. • Chandigarh is the common capital for Punjab and Haryana. • Lakshadweep & Andaman-Nicobar are situated outside the country, and therefore, they are under the watchful eye of the union government. Rabindranath Tagore National Symbols The National Flag, National Anthem and National Emblem are the national symbols of India. National Flag Our national flag is the tri colour - saffron, white and green in that order, with Asoka Chakra at the centre. National Anthem The song ‘Janaganamana…….’written by Rabindranath Tagore is our National Anthem. When the anthem is sung, we should stand up in attention.

National Emblem It is a statue of four lions standing on a dais, facing the four cardinal directions. It is adopted from the Asoka pillar at Sarnath. It is printed on all government documents, currencies and coins. Our national animal is Tiger, while our national flower is Lotus. National bird is Peacock National language is Hindi National dress is Saree for women; kurtha pyjama, shirt and trousers for men. Official language is English. 121 National Flag National Animal - Tiger National Emblem National Bird- Peacock National flower - Lotus

1. Independence - Free from the control of others 2. Strategic - Concerning the government 3. Vote - Expressing an opinion or choosing a representative through ballot. 4. Election - Method of choosing representatives. 1. Who was Sardar Patel? 2. How many states did India have at the time of independence? 3. Name the union territories of India 4. Name the union territories of India that have their own governments 5. What is the National Emblem of our country? 6. Name the following: a. First President of India : ____________________________________ b. First Prime Minister of India : _______________________________ c. Present President of India : _________________________________ d. Present Prime Minister of India : ____________________________ e. Present Governor of your state : _______________________________ f. Present Chief Minister of your state : __________________________ 122

State whether the following facts refer to State government or Central government. a. The Prime Minister is the head of the government b. Legislative Assembly is the law making body c. Governor is a nominal head d. Parliament is the highest authority e. New Delhi is the capital of India f. Members of Parliament (MP) are people’s representatives • The national flag was designed by an artist from Andhra named Pingali Venkaiah. • The National Anthem was first sung in 1911 when King George V visited India. 123

Some cities of India are very important for various reasons. Some are known for their trade centers and economic activities, some for the industries, while some for the heritage sites and cultural significance. Important Cities and Metros 124 New Delhi It is the national capital of India. It is a part of the National Capital Territory. All offices of the central government, as well as embassies of different countries are situated here. English and Hindi are the main languages spoken in New Delhi. Women mostly wear sarees and salwar kurtha, while men wear shirts and trousers. India gate Qutub minar

Location: Delhi lies in the northern part of the country. It shares its borders with Uttar Pradesh and Haryana. River Yamuna flows through this city. Climate: Delhi has an extreme climate. The summers are very hot, while the winters are cold. The hottest months are that of May and June, while December and January are the coldest. 125 History of Delhi Prithviraj Chowhan was the last Hindu king of Delhi. He was defeated by Mohammed of Ghori in a fierce battle. After Ghori, many Muslim dynasties ruled over Delhi, until the British occupied India. Delhi was made the capital of British India in1911. A new city was constructed under the British Rule and it was named as New Delhi. When India became independent, New Delhi was made the capital of free India. Red Fort

Interesting places: Delhi is known for its monuments of historical importance. Some of the important monuments of Delhi are: Red Fort: It was built by Mughal ruler Shah Jahan. It is built of red sand stones. Our national flag is hoisted here on Independence Day and Republic day. Qutub-Minar: It was built by the first Muslim ruler of Delhi, Qutubuddin-Aibak, and completed by his successor. Rashtrapati Bhavan: It was the viceroy’s residence in India during the British rule. It is an architectural marvel. The Mughal Garden in front of the building is a tourist attraction. There are several other interesting places in Delhi, such as India Gate, Humayun’s Tomb, Jama Masjid, Parliament house etc. 126 Rastrapati Bhavan

Mumbai The city was earlier named as Bombay. It was a Portuguese territory. It was given as a gift to Prince Charles II of Britain, who married the Portuguese princess in the 1500’s. Bombay (Mumbai) is essentially a cluster of 7 islands. Today, they are all connected by bridges built across the sea. Mumbai is the financial capital of India. It is also the trade centre of India. Mumbai port is one of the busiest ports of the country. It is also the most populated city in India. Climate: As it is situated near the sea coast, it has a moderate climate. It receives heavy rainfall due to southwest monsoon from June to September. Festivals: The most important festival celebrated in Mumbai is Ganesh Chaturthi, although other religious festivals are also celebrated. 127

Interesting places: Chatrapati Shivaji Terminus: It is the central railway station of Mumbai, built in early European style. The station was earlier named Victoria Terminus. Elephanta Caves: The Elephanta caves are situated in the Arabian Sea. One has to take a ferry boat from Mumbai Harbour to reach the island. There are rock cut sculptures and paintings in the caves, which are thousands of years old. It is a major tourist attraction of Mumbai. Gateway of India: It is a granite structure built at the entrance of Mumbai Harbour. It was built to commemorate the visit of King George V in 1911. 128 CST Railway Station of Mumbai Elephanta Caves Gateway of India

Malabar Hills: The Malabar Hills are famous for their hanging gardens and Kamala Nehru Park. It also has building in the shape of a boot, which has a children’s play area. Essel world: It is a children’s entertainment spot and picnic area in Mumbai. Languages: Marathi, Hindi, and English are the main languages spoken in Mumbai. Mumbai is the centre of the Hindi film industry. Most of the film stars live here. Other noteworthy places: Bombay High - It is an offshore oil drilling platform to drill petroleum from under the sea bed. Reserve Bank of India has its head office in Mumbai. Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Tata Institute of Technology, and Indian Institute of Technology are some other important places in Mumbai. 129 Chowpatty Petroleum drilled from under the sea Chowpatty: It is one of the famous beaches of India. The road that goes around the beach is called Marine Drive, which looks very beautiful at night. Marine Drive is also called the queen’s necklace, because of the multi coloured lights along the semi circular drive.

Kolkata The city was earlier named Calcutta. It derives its name from Kalighat. The city belonged to the Nawab of Bengal, until the British captured it in 1757. Climate: It receives rainfall from southwest monsoon. Summers are very hot here. It gets most of its rainfall during the months of July to September. The monsoon season here is also called Kal Baisakhi. Festivals: Durga Pooja is the most popular festival celebrated in Kolkata. Languages: Bengali, Hindi and English are the main languages spoken here. 130

Food and dress: Rice and fish are the staple food of the people of Kolkata. Women mostly wear sarees, while men wear Dhoti Kurtha. White is the favorite colour of men in Kolkata. Places of interest Howrah Bridge: It is the longest river bridge in India. It is a hanging bridge made of iron, built across the river Hooghly. The bridge is now renamed as ‘Rabindra Sethu’. Victoria Memorial: It is a famous museum which houses the early history of the city. It is a major tourist attraction of the city. Rice fish 131 Victoria Memorial Transport: Kolkata has a fine network of metro rail which is built underground. Trams and buses are also a popular mode of transport here.

132 Eden Gardens: It is most famous cricket stadium in India and also the oldest. Personalities: Rabindranath Tagore, film director Satyajit Ray, writers like Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyaya etc., all belonged to Kolkata. Chennai It is the capital of Tamil Nadu. It was earlier called Madras. ‘Chennai’ derives its name from ‘Chennapatnam’, a trade centre of the British. Climate: Chennai experiences hot and humid weather throughout the year. It receives rainfall from the north-eastern monsoon during the months of October to December. Festivals: Diwali, Pongal and Tamil New Year day are the most popular festivals celebrated in Chennai. Celebration of Pongal However, Christmas and Id are celebrated too.

Languages: Tamil is the main language of the people of Chennai. However, Malayalam, Kannada and English are also spoken. Dress and Food: Most women in Chennai wear sarees, while men wear dhoti and shirts. Staple food of the people of Chennai is rice and idly. Dosa and sambar too are very famous food items of Chennai. It was the Governor’s office during the British Rule. Today, it is the office of the Municipal Corporation of Chennai. Marina Beach: It is one of the most famous beaches of India, and also the largest. Memorials of political leaders, and Presidency College (oldest college in Chennai) are also situated here. Places of Interest Fort St. George: It was built by the British as their trade centre. Today, it houses the Tamil Nadu secretariat. Ripon building: 133 Dosa Idly Marina Beach Ripon Building

Guindy National Park and Snake Park: It houses a variety of wild animals and different kinds of snakes found in Asia and Africa. Kalakshetra: It is a famous dance school started by Rukmini Arundel. It is spread over a large area and the buildings are aesthetically constructed to give an ethnic look. Here, classes are conducted in the open, amidst shady trees. Valluvar kottam: Built in the shape of a temple chariot, it is a memorial for great Tamil saint, poet ‘Thiruvalluvar’. Anna library: It is a very spacious library, with separate wing for children. It has a floor each for different disciplines. It is one of the largest, and the most beautifully built libraries of India. 134 Bengaluru It is the capital of the Karnataka. It has been renamed as ‘Bengaluru’ recently. It is the biggest 'IT' hub in India, and has been nicknamed as the Silicon Valley of India. Vidhana Soudha

Climate: It has a cool and pleasant climate throughout the year. It receives rainfall from southwest monsoon. Industries: National Aerospace Laboratory, Hindustan Aeronautics (HAL), Hindustan Machine Tools (HMT), Indian Telephone Industry, Infosys, Wipro Technologies and Biocon are some of the important industries located in Bengaluru. Renowned educational institutions such as Indian Institute of Science, Indian Statistical Institute, and Indian Institute of Management are also located here. Languages: Kannada, Tamil, Hindi and English are the main languages spoken in Bengaluru. 135 Bengaluru palace

Places of interest Vidhana Soudha: It houses the secretariat and the state legislature. It is a beautiful place of architecture. Lal Bagh: It is a botanical garden that attracts tourists and students alike. A special feature of this garden is its glass house. Cubbon Park: It is a children’s recreation centre. It houses the Balbhavan. Bangalore Palace: It has a British style of architecture. It is famous for its wood work and paintings. Visveswaraya Museum: It is built in memory of Visvesvaraya, the architect of modern Karnataka. Aerospace Museum at HAL: It is famous for the flight simulators, and also has an aircraft on display. 136 Lal Bagh

Hyderabad It is a growing IT hub of India and was the capital of Andhra Pradesh. Now it is the common capital for Andhra and Telengana. History Hyderabad was built on the bank of the River Musi by Muhammad Quli Qutub Shah for his queen Bhagmathi, who was a Hindu. The city was named after her as ‘Bhagyanagar’. Many years later, when she converted to Islam and took the name Hyderbegam, the city’s name was also changed to Hyderabad. Later, the British built a new city on the other bank of the river, and it was named Secunderabad. When we talk about Hyderabad, we actually mean the twin cities of Hyderabad and Secunderabad. Hyderabad is the old city which reflects the Islamic culture, while Secunderabad is metropolitan in nature. Languages: Telugu, Urdu, Hindi and English are the main languages spoken in Hyderabad. Dresses: In the old city, a large number of Muslim women were Burkha, while men can be spotted in Sherwanis and caps. In the other parts of the city, sarees and salwar kurtha are common dresses for women, while shirts and trousers are for men. • Charminar was built in 1591 as a way of thanking God for saving the people of the city from a terrible plague that broke out. 137

Food: Hyderabad is famous for its biryani and double ka meetha (a sweet made from bread). Festivals: Id, Diwali, Ganesh Chatruthi, and Durga Pooja are celebrated with great fervor here. Places of interest Charminar: It is the most striking landmark of Hyderabad. The monument is a heritage site and is thronged by tourists round the year. Golconda fort: It was the capital of Golconda Sultans. It consists of 4 distinct forts. As we climb up the fort a few hundred feet, remains of palaces, temples, mosques, courtrooms, stables and other structures can be seen. There is a dungeon in the ruins of the Golconda Fort where Bhakta Ramadas was imprisoned by the sultan. Ramadas was a Tahsildar, and he spent the government’s money to build a Ram temple at Bhadrachalam, without the permission of the sultan. Months later, he was released as the sultan realised his devotion for Lord Ram. 138 Hyderabadi Biryani Charminar

Ramoji Film City: It is a state of the art film studio in Hyderabad. Many Indian films are shot here. Salar Jung Museum: One of the most famous museums of India is the Salar Jung Museum. Most of the exhibits here are a one-man collection. They were collected by Salar Jung III, Prime Minister of the seventh Nizam of Hyderabad. • Collect photographs of important landmarks of each of the cities mentioned in the textbook. • Write a brief description about each, and prepare an album. Hussain Sagar Lake: Hussain Sagar Lake, Lumbini Park and NTR gardens are thronged by tourists. A giant monolith of Gautham Buddha installed in the centre of the Hussain Sagar lake is a major tourist attraction of the city. Surrounding the lake are Lumbini Park, NTR Gardens, and Sanjeevaiah Park. It is a popular picnic spot. Falaknuma Palace: It is a beautiful palace made from white marble, built on the top of a hill. It was the Royal residence of the Nizam, which has now been converted into a hotel. 139 Golconda fort Hussain Sagar Lake

1. Viceroy - Representative of the King of England who was deputed to rule over India 2. Commemorate - an event, or a piece of architecture to honour something or someone. 3. Heritage Site - the United Nations has acknowledged certain monuments all over the world as heritage sites. It is the responsibility of the respective governments of countries to protect such sites. Charminar is one such monument. 1. New Delhi shares its borders with two states. Which are they? 2. How is the climate of Mumbai different from that of Delhi? 3. What are the Elephanta Caves famous for? 4. What is the special feature of Howrah Bridge? What is its new name? 5. Which building houses the secretariat of Tamil Nadu government? 6. Why is Bengaluru called the Silicon Valley of India? 7. Describe the Falaknuma Palace. • Pretend that you are one of the cities mentioned in the chapter. • Speak a few lines about yourself. 140

CONTENT 1. Internet .................................... 142 2. Learning to Browse ................. 144 Class 3 Term 2

142 Internet What is internet? It is the short form of International Network of computers A large number of computers are connected together all over the world. Browse : The programme used to look at the internet is called browser. Most popular browser is Microsoft internet explorer. You will see this icon of explorer image this on the computer screen. www – world wide web. To have access to internet we need to have a contract with the web operators like BSNL, Airtel, Reliance Net etc. How do we browse ? Task : Find the information on early man from internet Browse from youtube.com, google.com or wikipedia.com To browse from google.com - l Double click on the icon of internet explorer on the computer screen. l An internet page will appear. l Type google.com in the space provided for address. It will have http:/ typed introduction. l Now you entered gogole server. Type \"Information on Early Man\" in search box. Press enter. l Your screen will have a list of items

143 l Click on any one related to early man. l If not, type \"early man\" on the search bar above. l You many also click on the hot links on the left side of the screen. l The screen now displays various titles on early man. l Click on any one title. l The screen will now show visuals on early man you asked for. 1. What is the full form of internet? 2. What is international network? 3. Which icon you will click to open internet? 1. The programme used to have access to internet is called _________________________ 2. Click on the _________________ button on the address bar to open the website.

144 1. How do you open a website? 2. What is the shortcut to close a tab? 3. Open a webpage on \"Best Water Purifier\", write down the steps you followed. Browsing is nothing but looking through a set of information quickly. Browsing the internet means looking through the/using the world wide web. 1. Type a website address into the address box on the toolbar and press enter. 2. You can pin few pages your often use into bookmarks. 3. You can type the important words in the search bar to open website related to that information. (Eg. \"Largest Ocean\", it pull out many website like wikipedia, tripadvisor, oceanservice etc. Open a website • To open a website click on the link • You can scroll up and dowm using the arrow key or scroll wheel on the mouse. • You can also copy (not cut/delet) text and pictures from web pages • To close a website you can press the X button (red button top right side) or press Ctrl.+W (to close current tab)